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From  the  collection  of  the 


2        m 


Prelinger 

i     a 

Uibrary 

p 


San  Francisco,  California 
2006 


1845  1847  1853 


LIBRARY 


LAWRENCE,  MASS. 


THE    DIAL 


Semi-Monthly  Journal  of 


Literary  Criticism,  Discussion,  and  Information 


VOLUME   XXIX. 

JULY  i  TO  DECEMBER  16,  1900 


CHICAGO 
THE  DIAL  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS 

1900 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  XXIX. 

PAG  I 

AMERICAN  HISTORIAN,  MEMOIRS  OF  AN 259 

AMERICAN  HISTORY,  TRANSITION  PERIOD  IN Francis  Wayland  Shepardson  .  94 

AMERICAN   LITERATURE,   TENDENCIES   OF,  IN  THE    CLOSING 

QUARTER  OF  THE  CENTURY Charles  Leonard  Moore  .     .     .  295 

AMERICAN  LITERATURE,  THREE  CENTURIES  OK 485 

AMERICAN  POLITICIAN,  A  GREAT B.  A.  Hinsdale 117 

AMERICAN  VERSE,  A  JENTURY  OF 257 

ANIMALS,  MENTAL  PROCESSES  OF C.  C.  Nutting 169 

BALZAC,  HONORE  DE Louis  J.  Block 417 

BIBLE  STUDENTS,  NEW  TOOLS  FOR Ira  M.  Price 357 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG,  1900 432,  505 

BOOKS  OF  THE  FALL  SEASON  OF  1900 167 

CHINA  AND  THE  CHINESE Wallace  Rice 71 

CHINA.  LATEST  BOOKS  ON Wallace  Rice 305 

CIVIL  WAR,  MR.  FISKE  ON  THE James  Oscar  Pierce   ....  49 

COLONIAL  TIMES  AND  MANNERS,  RECORDS  OF 415 

CONTINENTAL  LITERATURE,  A  YEAR  OF 65,    89 

CROMWELL,  MORLEY'S  AND  ROOSEVELT'S 29& 

DEMOCRACY  AND  EMPIRE James  Oscar  Pierce  .     .     .     .  174 

EDUCATION,  RECENT  BOOKS  ON B.  A.  Hinsdale,  A.  S-  Whitney  97 

EDUCATION,  SECONDARY  AND  HIGHER,  A  YEAR'S  PROGRESS  IN     B.  A.  Hinsdale 43 

EVOLUTION,  GREAT  APOSTLE  OF Charles  A.  Kofoid     ....  349 

FICTION,  RECENT Wm.  Morton  Payne  21, 124,  306,  496 

GENTLE  READER,  THE 413 

HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS,  1900 424,  499 

HOWELLS'S  MEMORIES 490 

HUMAN  SPECIES,  STUDIES  OF  THE Frederick  Starr 96 

I-NovEL,  CERTAIN  CHARACTERISTICS  OF Katharine  Merrill     ....  11 

ITALY,  SOUTHERN,  RULERS  OF Josiah  Renick  Smith      .     .     .  352 

LITERARY  CONSCIENCE,  A  QUESTION  OF 115 

MANIFEST  DESTINY,  A  CHILD  OF Edward  E.  Hale,  Jr.      .     .     .  354 

MARTINEAU,  JAMES  :  A  STUDY 222 

MEXICAN  INDIANS,  AN  ETHNOGRAPHIC  ALBUM  OK     ....     Merton  L.  Miller 52 

MIND,  ARCHITECTURE  OF  THE 217 

MONT  BLANC  MOUNTAINEERING 171 

MOORS,  EMPIRE  OF  THE Ira  M.  Price 51 

MULLER,  FREDERICK  MAX 345 

NATURE  BY  DOWN  AND  PAVE Sara  A.  Hubbard      ....  120 

NEW  ENGLAND,  A  GREAT  LADY  OF Mary  Augusta  Scott  .     .     .     .  261 

NIETZSCHE  AND  HIS  PHILOSOPHY Sigmund  Zeisler 219 

PAGEANTRY  OF  LIFE • Lewis  Worthington  Smith  .     .  495 

PEACE  CONFERENCE  AT  THE  HAGUE Franklin  H.  Head     ....  420 

PHILIPPINE  QUESTION  PER  SE Wallace  Rice 422 

PHILOSOPHY,  MODERN,  HISTORY  OF Paul  Shorey 225 

POETRY,  RECENT William  Morton  Payne  .     .     .  229 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  OF  ENGLAND,  Two  GREAT H.  M.  Stanley 93 

REIGN  OF  TERROR,  A  DAUGHTER  OF  THE Josiah  Renick  Smith      .     .     .  228 

RELIGIOUS  DISCUSSION,  SCOPE  OF John  Bascom 76 

ROLAND,  MADAME,  GIRLHOOD  MEMORIES  OK Josiah  Renick  Smith      .     .     .  303 

ROMAN  ART,  DEVELOPMENT  OF Edward  E.  Hale,  Jr.      .     .     .  421 

RUSKIN,  THREE  BOOKS  ABOUT William  Morton  Payne  .     .     .  264 

SCHOOL,  A  GREAT,  BEGINNINGS  OF B.  A.  Hinsdale 301 

SHAKESPEARE  OR  BALZAC  :  WHICH  is  GREATER  ?      ....     Hiram  M.  Stanley     ....  347 

SHAKESPEARE,  Two  AMERICAN  STUDENTS  OF Melville  B.  Anderson      .     .     .  492 

SOUTH  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.  Two    .                                              J.  0.  P.  .               356 


INDEX. 


111. 


SOUTHWESTERN  PIONEER,  A     .... 
TAXATION  AND  GOVERNMENT,  STUDIES  IN 
TEXAS,  ROMANTIC  HISTORY  OF      ... 
THEOCRACY  AND  DEMOCRACY  .... 

THINGS  OUT  OP  DOORS 

TRAVEL,  SOME  RECENT  BOOKS  OF  .  . 
TRAVELS  BY  LAND  AND  SEA  .... 
WARNER,  CHARLES  DUDLEY  .... 
WHEAT  PROBLEM,  THE  WORLD'S  .  .  . 
WORKING  PEOPLE  OF  AMERICA 


PAO« 

Chas.  F.  Lummis       ....     172 
Max  West    ....  176 


Walter  F.  McCaleb 
James  Oscar  Pierce 
Wallace  Rice 


E.  T.  Peters     . 
John  J.  Holden 


122 
74 
19 

267 
15 

293 

266 
50 


ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FALL  BOOKS,  1900      .     .     . 
BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER  READING,  CLASSIFIED  LIST  OF 

BRIEFER  MENTION 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 

NOTES 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 

LISTS  OF  NEW  BOOKS  . 


183,  237 

30 

.  .  .29,  56,  80,  102,  133,  182,  236,  272,  311,  362 

...  25,  53,  78,  100,  129,  179,  233,  270,  309,  358 

29,  56,  81,  103,  133,  182,  236,  273,  312,  362,  439,  508 

31,  82,  134,  240,  313,  440 

...  31,  57,  82,  134,  240,  273,  313,  364,  440,  509 


AUTHORS  AND  TITLES  OF  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


Abbott,  Charles  C.  In  Nature's  Realm  .  19,  502 
Abbott,  Evelyn.  History  of  Greece,  Part  III.  .  237 
Adams,  C.  K.  British  Orations,  new  edition  .  .  363 
Adams,  H.  B.  Educational  Work  in  Baltimore  .  98 

Adams,  John,  Story  of 129 

Addis,  W.  E.  Deuteronomical  Writers  .  .  .  234 
Adney,  Tappan.  The  Klondike  Stampede  .  .  17 
Alden,  Raymond  M.  Art  of  Debate  ....  237 
Allen,  Charles.  Bacon-Shakespeare  Question  .  28 

Allen,  Grant.  Paris 500 

Allen,  James  Lane.  A  Kentucky  Cardinal,  and 

Aftermath,  illustrated  by  Hugh  Thomson  .  .  500 
Allen,  James  Lane.  The  Reign  of  Law  ...  21 
Altsheler,  Joseph  A.  In  Circling  Camps  .  .  .  307 
American  Art  Exhibit  at  Paris,  1900,  Catalogue  of  56 

American  Wit  and  Humor 504 

Among  the  Flowers,  and  Among  the  Birds  .  .  504 
Andersen's  Fairy  Tales,  illus.  by  Hans  Tegner  .  436 
Andrews,  S.  J.  William  Watson  Andrews  .  .  131 

April  Baby's  Book  of  Tunes 506 

Arabian  Nights,  illus.  by  T.  H.  Robinson  .  .  .  507 
Archibald,  Mrs.  George.  Joel  Dorman  Steele  .  132 
Arnold,  Sarah  L.  How  to  Teach  Reading  .  .  99 
Atherton,  Gertrude.  Senator  North  ....  126 
Attwood,  F.  G.  Attwood's  Pictures  .  .  .  .501 
Austin,  Alfred.  Spring  and  Autumn  in  Ireland  .  269 
Babcock,  M.  D.  Calendar  for  1901  .  .  .  .505 

Bailey,  L.  H.  Botany 508 

Bailey,  L.  H.  Cyclopaedia  of  Horticulture,  Vol.  II.  180 
Ballard,  E.  G.  Liberty,  Independence,  and  Self- 

Government 423 

Bancroft,  Frederick.  Life  of  Seward  .  .  .  .117 
Banks,  Charles  E.  A  Child  of  the  Sun  .  .  .  433 
Barbour,  Ralph.  For  Honor  of  the  School  .  .  505 
Barrett,  C.  R.  Short  Story  Writing,  new  edition  273 

Barrie,  J.  M.  Tommy  and  Grizel 308 

Barry,  Fanny.  Soap  Bubble  Stories  ....  438 

Barry,  William.  Arden  Massiter 24 

Barton,  W.  E.  The  Prairie  Schooner  ....  434 
Bascom,  John.  Growth  of  Nationality  ....  100 
Baum,  L.  Frank.  A  New  Wonderland  .  .  .  436 
Baum,  L.  Frank.  Wonderful  Wizard  of  Oz  .  .  436 
Baylor,  Frances  C.  A  Georgian  Bungalow  .  .  435 
Beard,  D.  C.  Jack  of  All  Trades 434 


turn 

Beard,  D.  C.     Outdoor  Handy  Book      .     .     .     .434 

Bell,  Lilian.     As  Seen  by  Me 27 

Benson,  E.  F.  The  Princess  Sophia  .  .  .  .127 
Besant,  Sir  Walter.  The  Alabaster  Box  ...  309 
Best,  George  A.  Home  of  Santa  Claus  .  .  .  507 
Betts,  Craven  L.  A  Garland  of  Sonnets  .  .  .  232 
Bicknell,  Frank  M.  The  Bicycle  Highwaymen  .  434 

Blackmar,  F.  W.     Economics 439 

Blackmore,  R.  D.  Lorna  Doone,  illus.  by  Johnson  429 
Blanchard,  Amy  E.  Dimple  Dallas  ....  506 
Blanchard,  Amy  E.  Her  Very  Best  ....  435 
Blumeutritt,  Ferdinand.  The  Philippines  .  .  .  422 
Boden,  G.  W.,  and  d'Almeida,  W.  B.  Wonder 

Stories  from  Herodotus 436 

Bodley,  J.  E.  C.  France,  one-volume  edition  .  273 
Bolton,  F.  E.  Secondary  School  System  of  Germany  99 
Bonehill,  Ralph.  For  Liberty  of  Texas  .  .  .  505 
Bonehill,  Ralph.  The  Young  Bandmaster  .  .  433 

Bookman  Classics 436,  504 

Booth,  W.  S.  Notes  for  Guidance  of  Authors  .  273 
Bo-Peep,  a  Treasury  for  the  Little  Ones  .  .  .  507 
Borrow,  George,  Works  of,  Lane's  edition  .  .  .  362 

Bowker,  R.  R.     The  Arts  of  Life 235 

Bradby,  H.  C.     Rugby 93 

Brady,  Cyrus  T.  American  Fights  and  Fighters  .  361 
Brady,  C.  T.  Commodore  Paul  Jones  ....  361 
Brady,  C.  T.  Recollections  of  a  Missionary  .  .  271 

Brady,  C.  T.     Reuben  James 505 

Brady,  C.  T.     Stephen  Decatur 182 

Brady,  C.  T.     The  Grip  of  Honor 307 

Brereton,  F.  S.     In  the  King's  Service        .     .     .  432 
Brereton,  F.  S.     With  Rifle  and  Bayonet  .     .     .  433 
Bridgman,  L.  J.     Mother  Wild  Goose   ....  438 

Brinkerhoff,  Roeliff.     Recollections  of  a  Lifetime  130 
Brooks,  Amy.     Randy's  Summer  .     .     .     .     .     .  435 

Brooks,  E.  S.    Century  Book  of  American  Colonies  432 
Brooks,  E.  S.     In  Defense  of  the  Flag  ....  433 

Brooks,  E.  S.  Story  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  .  27 
Brooks,  E.  S.  The  Godson  of  Lafayette  .  .  .  433 
Brooks,  Sarah  W.  The  Search  of  Ceres  .  .  .232 
Bronson,  W.  C.  American  Literature  ....  363 

Brown,  Annie  C.     Fireside  Battles 437 

Brown,  Caroline.  Knights  in  Fustian  ....  24 
Browne,  G.  Waldo.  The  Young  Gunbearer  .  .  506 


IV. 


INDEX. 


Browning,  Mrs.,  Poems  of,  "  Cambridge  "  edition  312 
Browning's  Pippa  Passes,  illus.  by  M.  Armstrong  .  502 
Brownings,  the,  Beautiful  Thoughts  from  .  .  .  505 
Bruneken,  Ernest.  North  American  Forests  .  .  100 
Buehler,  Huber  G.  Modern  English  Grammar  .  237 

Buell,  A.  C.     Paul  Jones 310 

Burgess,  Gelett.     Goops 437 

Burroughs,  John.  Squirrels  and  Other  Fur-Bearers  360 
Bury,  J.  B.  Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall,  Vol.  VII.  236 

Bury,  J.  B.     History  of  Greece 439 

Butler,  A.  G.  The  Choice  of  Achilles  ....  229 
Butler,  H.  C.  Scotland's  Ruined  Abbeys,  new  ed.  508 

Butler,  T.  E.     Nanny 437 

Butterworth,  Hezekiah.  In  Days  of  Jefferson  .  505 
Butterworth,  H.  Travellers'  Tales  of  South  Africa  505 
Byers,  S.  H.  M.  Twenty  Years  in  Europe  .  .  102 
Caddick,  Helen.  White  Woman  in  Central  Africa  269 
Caffyn,  Mrs.  Mannington.  The  Minx  ....  127 
Caldwell,  H.  W.  American  History  .  .  .  .133 
Canton,  William.  Reign  of  King  Herla  .  .  .  435 
Carlyle's  French  Revolution,  illustrated  edition  .  56 
Carpenter,  Frank  G.  South  America  ....  269 
Carpenter,  G.  R.  Elements  of  Rhetoric  .  .  .  312 
Carpenter,  J.  W.  A  Visit  to  Santa  Claus  .  .  .  438 
Carryl,  G.  W.  Mother  Goose  for  Grown-Ups  .  504 

Carter,  C.  F.     The  Wedding  Day 429 

Carus,  Paul.     Eros  and  Psyche 430 

Carus,  Paul.     Whence  and  Whither  ?     .     .     .     .  236 

Gary,  Elizabeth  L.     The  Rossettis 426 

Castle,  Agnes  and  Egerton.     The  Bath  Comedy  .     24 

Castle,  Egerton.     Consequences 307 

Century  Classics 363 

Chalmers,  Thomas.  Economy  of  Large  Towns  .  78 
Chambers,  Robert  W.  The  Cambric  Mask  .  .  22 
Chambers,  Robert  W.  The  Conspirators  ...  22 
Champlin,  J.  D.  Young  Folks'  Cyclopaedia,  3d  ed.  57 
Chapman,  Frank  M.  Bird  Studies  with  a  Camera  21 
Chapman,  Frederic.  Proverbs  Improved  .  .  .  437 
Chapman,  Katharine  E.  A  Fairy  Night's  Dream  435 
Chapman,  S.  J.  Local  Government  and  State  Aid  178 
Cheever,  Harriet  A.  Little  American  Girl  in  India  438 
Cheever,  Harriet  A.  Ted's  Little  Dear  .  .  .  437 
Child,  F.  S.  The  Little  Dreamer's  Adventure  .  437 

Chinese  Empire,  Past  and  Present 71 

Charles,  Louis.  Fortune  Hunters  of  the  Philippines  506 

Chatterbox  for  1900 438 

C  hoi  mondeley,  Mary.    Diana  Tempest,  new  edition     56 

"  Chord,  The,"  Number  V 439 

Church,  A.  J.     Helmet  and  Spear 436 

Clark,  G.  Orr.     The  Moon  Babies 438 

Clarke,  J.  C.  C.  Man  and  his  Divine  Father  .  .  77 
Clement,  Clara  E.  Heroines  of  Bible  in  Art  .  .  429 
Clews,  Henry.  Wall  Street  Point  of  View  .  .  311 
Clowes,  W.  L.  The  Royal  Navy,  Vol.  V.  ...  358 

Cobbold,  Ralph  P.     Innermost  Asia 15 

Coe,  George  A.     The  Spiritual  Life 77 

Colby,  F.  M.  International  Year  Book,  1899  .  29 
Coleridge,  E.  H.  Byron's  Poems,  Vol.  III.  .  .  131 

Coloma,  Luis.     Currita 128 

Colquhoun,  A.  R.  Overland  to  China  ....  72 
Colquhoun,  A.  R.  Russia  against  India  .  .  .  305 

Conner,  J.  E.     Uncle  Sam  Abroad 102 

"Connor,  Ralph."     Black   Rock,  and   The    Sky 

Pilot,  illus.  by  Louis  Rhead 431 

Con  way,  W.  M.  The  Alps,  new  edition  .  .  -312 
Cook,  F.  A.  Through  the  First  Antarctic  Night  .  267 

Cook,  Joel.     America 500 

Cooper,  J.  Fenimore.     Ned  Myers 237 


PACK 

Cooper's  Last  of  the  Mohicans,  illus.  by  Brock  .  503 
Cope,  E.  D.  Crocodilians,  Lizards,  and  Snakes  .  363 
Corbin  and  Going.  Urchins  of  the  Sea  ....  438 
Cornford,  L.  Cope.  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  .  .  53 
Costello,  F.  H.  A  Tar  of  the  Old  School  .  .  .  434 
Costello,  Louisa  L.  Rose  Garden  of  Persia,  new  ed.  362 
Coubertin,  Pierre  de.  France  since  1814  ...  79 
Coues,  Elliott.  On  the  Trail  of  a  Spanish  Pioneer  172 

Counsel  upon  the  Reading  of  Books 361 

Cowham,  Hilda.     Fiddlesticks 438 

Craigie,  Mrs.     Robert  Orange 497 

Craik,  Mrs.     John  Halifax,  in  "  Illustrated  Ro- 
mances "  series 431 

Crane,  Elizabeth  G.     Sylva 233 

Crane,  Walter.  Picture  Books,  large  size  re-issue  507 
Crawford,  F.  Marion.  Rulers  of  the  South  .  .  352 
Crawshaw,  W.  H.  Literary  Interpretation  of  Life  78 
Crockett,  S.  R.  Joan  of  the  Sword  Hand  .  .  .127 
Crockett,  S.  R.  The  Isle  of  the  Winds  .  .  127 

Cromwell,  J.  H.  The  American  Business  Woman  181 
Crookes,  Sir  William.  The  Wheat  Problem  .  .  266 
Gust,  Lionel.  History  of  Eton  College  ....  235 
Dana,  Mrs.  W.  S.  How  to  Know  the  Wild  Flowers  W 
Daniels,  W.  M.  Elements  of  Public  Finance  .  .  177 
Daskam,  Josephine  D.  Sister's  Vocation  .  .  .  506 
Daudet's  Works,  Library  edition  .  103,133,311,439 
David,  Psalms  of,  illus.  by  Louis  Rhead  .  .  .  501 
Davidson,  Thomas.  History  of  Education  .  .  .  181 
Davie,  Oliver.  Art  of  Taxidermy,  new  edition  .  236 

Day's  Work  Series 508 

Dearmer,  P.  Highways  and  Byways  in  Normandy  55 
Defoe's  Robinson  Crusoe,  illus.  by  brothers  Rhead  436 
De  Forest,  Katherine.  Paris  as  It  Is  .  .  .  .  56 

Deniker,  J.    Races  of  Man 96 

De  Vinne,  T.  L.  Plain  Printing  Types  .  .  .  .272 
Dewey,  John.  The  School  and  Society  ....  98 

Dickens's  Works,  "Temple"  edition 425 

Dickens's  Christmas   Carol,  and  Cricket   on    the 

Hearth,  illus.  by  F.  S.  Coburn 428 

Dickson,  W.  B.     Psalms  of  Soul 504 

Dilke,  Lady.     French  Architects  and  Sculptors  of 

the  XVIIIth  Century 499 

Dillingham,  Frances  B.     Christmas  -Tree  Scholar  437 

Dithmar,  E.  A.     John  Drew 427 

Dodgson,  C.   L.     Alice  books,  illus.  by  Blanche 

McManus,  one-volume  edition 436 

Doherty,  W.  B.  You  and  Your  Doctor  .  .  .  270 
Dole,  Nathan  Haskell.  Burns's  Poems  ....  273 
Douglas,  Amanda  M.  Almost  as  Good  as  a  Boy  435 

Douglas,  Langtou.     Fra  Angelico 425 

Douglas,  Robert  K.  History  of  China  ....  2& 
Drake,  S.  A.  Old  Landmarks  of  Boston,  revised  ed.  362 
Drake,  S.  A.  Myths  and  Fables  of  To-  Day  .  .  182 
Drysdale,  William.  The  Treasury  Club  .  .  .  434 
Du  Bois,  Patterson.  Point  of  Contact  in  Teaching  272 
Du  Chaillu,  Paul.  World  of  the  Great  Forest  .  434 
Dudeney,  Mrs.  Henry.  Folly  Corner  ....  127 
Dugmore,  A.  Radclyffe.  Bird  Homes  ....  20 
Dumas,  A.  Valois  Romances,  Crowell's  edition  .  312 
Dunn,  Byron  A.  Battling  for  Atlanta  ....  433 
Dye,  Eva  E.  McLoughlin  and  Old  Oregon  .  .  270 
Eardley-Wilmot,  S.  Our  Fleet  To-Day  .  .  .101 
Earle,  Alice  M.  Stage-Coach  and  Tavern  Days  .  426 
Echerolles,  Mme.  des.  Reign  of  Terror  .  .  .  228 
Edwardes,  Charles.  Jones  the  Mysterious  .  .  434 
Edwards,  H.  Sutherland.  Personal  Recollections  130 
Eickemeyer,  Rudolph,  Jr.  Down  South  .  .  .  430 
Eickemeyer,  R.,  Jr.  In  and  Out  of  the  Nursery  .  438 


INDEX. 


v. 


PAGE 

Ellet,  Elizabeth  F.     Women  of  the  Revolution     .  503 

Elliott,  Sarah  B.     Sam  Houston 311 

Elizabeth  and  her  German  Garden,  and  The  Soli- 
tary Summer,  Holiday  editions 431 

Elizabeth  and  her  German  Garden,  revised  ed.  133,  312 
Elson,  H.  W.  Side  Lights  on  American  History  80 
Elson,  Louis  C.  Shakespeare  in  Music  ....  501 

Ethics  and  Religion 76 

Exhibition  Paris,  1900 57 

Farnham,  Charles  H.  Life  of  Francis  Parkmau  259 
Farrar,  F.  W.  Life  of  Christ  in  Art  .  .  .  .  359 

Farwell,  Abbie.     Book  of  Saints 436 

Faust,  K.  I.  Campaigning  in  the  Philippines  .  .  54 
Fellows-Johnson,  Annie.  Story  of  Dago  .  .  .  506 
Fellows-Johnson,  A.  Little  Colonel's  House  Party  506 
Field,  Eugene.  Temptation  of  Friar  Gonsol  .  .  502 
Fields,  J.T.  Yesterdays  with  Authors,  Holiday  ed.  428 
Finnemore,  J.  Fairy  Stories  from  Little  Mountain  435 
Finck,  H.  T.  Primitive  Love  and  Love-Stories  .  25 

Firth,  Charles.     Oliver  Cromwell 53 

Fiske,  H.  S.     Battle  of  Manila  Bay 231 

Fiske,  John.  Mississippi  Valley  in  Civil  War  .  49 
Fitch,  Sir  Joshua.  Educational  Aims  and  Methods  98 
FitzGerald's  Ruba'iya't,  illus.  by  Florence  Lundborg  502 
FitzGerald's  Rubdij  fit,  "Naishapur"  edition  .  .  363 
FitzGerald,  S.  J.  A.  Stories  of  Famous  Songs  .  426 
Florenz,  Karl.  Scenes  du  Theatre  Japonais  .  .272 
Flournoy,  Th.  From  India  to  Mars  ....  179 

Flowers  of  Parnassus 363 

Folkmar,  D.  Lemons  d'AnthropologiePhilosophique  29 
Ford,  P.  L.  Wanted,  a  Match-Maker  ....  427 

Fore!  Life's  Book  for  Golfers 504 

Forrester,  Izola  L.  Girls  of  Bonnie  Castle  .  .  506 
Fox,  Frances  M.  Farmer  Brown  and  the  Birds  .  437 
Frazer,  J.  G.  Pausanias  and  Other  Sketches  .  56 

Fraser,  W.  A.     Mooswa 436 

Fricker,  Karl.     The  Antarctic  Regions  ....  269 

Frisbie,  W.  A.     The  Bandit  Mouse 438 

Frost,  W.  H.  Fairies  and  Folk  of  Ireland  .  .  435 
Furness,  H.  H.  Variorum  Shakespeare,  Vol.  XII.  494 
Fyles,  Franklin.  Theatre  and  Its  People  .  .  .  359 
Gaboriau,  Emile,  Novels  of,  new  edition  .  .  .  236 
Garlanda,  Federica.  Guglielmo  Shakespeare  .  .  236 

Garrett,  E.  H.     The  Pilgrim  Shore 504 

Gates,  Lewis  E.     Studies  and  Appreciations    .     .  438 

Gem  Classics 431 

George,  Henry,  Jr.     Life  of  Henry  George     .     .  358 

Gibson,  C.  D.     Americans 425 

Giddiugs,  F.  H.  Democracy  and  Empire  .  .  .174 
Gilbert,  G.  H.  Student's  Life  of  Jesus,  new  ed.  357 
Gilder,  Jeannette  L.  Autobiography  of  a  Tomboy  435 
Gilder,  R.  W.  Five  Books  of  Song,  revised  ed.  236 
Gladden,  W.  How  Much  Is  Left  of Old  Doctrines  ?  77 
Glasgow,  Ellen.  The  Voice  of  the  People  .  .  23 
Goldsmith's  She  Stoops  to  Conquer,  illus.  by  E.  A. 

Abbey,  new  edition 504 

Gollancz,  Israel.  Larger  Temple  Shakespeare  81,  439 
Gollancz,  Israel.  Temple  Classics  56,  273,  311,  507 
Gomme,  G.  L.  Princess's  Story  Book  ....  432 
Goodwin,  Maud  W.  Head  of  a  Hundred,  illus.  ed.  431 

Gordon,  H.  R.     Red  Jacket 433 

Gosse,  Edmund.  Penn's  Fruits  of  Solitude  .  .  75 
Gossett,  Adelaide  L.  J.  Lullaby s  and  Baby  Songs  437 
Gould,  A.  W.  Mother  Nature's  Children  .  .  .  437 
Goulston,  Therese.  Loving  Imprints  ....  431 

Grant,  Robert.     Unleavened  Bread 125 

Grant-Schaefer,  G.  A.  Pretty  Picture  Songs  .  438 
Greene,  Sarah  P.  McL.  Vesty,  Holiday  edition  .  503 


Greenslet,  Ferris.     Joseph  Glanvill 133 

Gregory,  Eliot.     Ways  of  Men 80 

Grinnell,  G.  B.     Jack  among  the  Indians  .     .     .  434 

Gusman,  Pierre.     Pompeii 499 

Hale,  Edward  E.     Emerson 55 

Hall,  T.  C.     Social  Meaning  of  Modern  Religious 

Movements 76 

Hall,  T.  W.  Heroes  of  Our  Revolution  .  .  .  433 
Halleck,  R.  P.  History  of  English  Literature  .  129 
Hartmann,  Sadakichi.  Shakespeare  in  Art  .  .  501 

Hamer,  S.  H.     Animal  Land 507 

Hamer,  S.  H.     The  Jungle  School 507 

Hamilton,  M.  Dishonor  of  Frank  Scott  .  .  .  308 
Hamlin,  Myra  S.  Nan's  Chicopee  Children  .  .  437 
Hancock,  W.  Irving.  Aguinaldo's  Hostage  .  .  433 
Hannah,  I.  C.  Brief  History  of  Eastern  Asia  .  306 
Harlan,  Esther.  Story  of  a  Little  Beech  Tree  .  437 
Harland,  Marion.  Literary  Hearthstones,  2d  series  428 
Harrington,  J.  W.  The  Jumping  Kangaroo  .  .  436 
Harrison,  Frederic.  Meaning  of  History,  revised  ed.  312 
Hartshorne,  Grace.  In  Sweetness  of  Childhood  .  431 

Hay,  Helen.     Little  Boy  Book 438 

Hayes,  Frederick  W.  A  Kent  Squire  ....  127 
Headland,  Isaac  T.  Chinese  Mother  Goose  .  .  437 
Heath's  Home  and  School  Classics  .  .  .  273,  508 
Henderson  and  Woodhull.  Elements  of  Physics  .  362 
Henderson,  E.  F.  Side  Lights  on  English  History  80 
Henty,  G.  A.  In  the  Hands  of  Cave-Dwellers  .  506 

Henty,  G.  A.     In  the  Irish  Brigade 432 

Henty,  G.  A.     Out  with  Garibaldi 432 

Henty,  G.  A.  With  Buller  in  Natal  .  .  .  .433 
Herford,  C.  H.  Ibsen's  Love's  Comedy  .  .  .  272 
Herford,  Oliver.  Overheard  in  a  Garden  .  .  .  504 

Herrick,  Robert.     The  Web  of  Life 124 

Hill,  Joseph  A.  The  English  Income  Tax  .  .178 
Hinkson,  H.  A.  The  King's  Deputy  ....  497 

Historic  Towns  of  Southern  States 360 

Hoadley,  G.  A.  Brief  Course  in  General  Physics  362 
Hoffding,  H.  History  of  Modern  Philosophy  .  .  225 
Holland,  Clive.  Marcelle  of  the  Quarter  .  .  .  308 
Hollander,  J.  H.  Studies  in  State  Taxation  .  .  178 
Holls,  F.  W.  Peace  Conference  at  The  Hague  .  420 
Home,  Andrew.  Story  of  a  School  Conspiracy  .  434 
Horridge,  Frank.  Lives  of  Great  Italians  .  .  182 

Hovey,  Carl.     Stonewall  Jackson 311 

Howe,  D.  W.     The  Puritan  Republic    ....     74 

Howe,  Edward.     Advanced  Elementary  Science     99 
Howells,W.D.  Literary  Friends  and  Acquaintance  490 
Howes,  H.  F.     Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Hygiene  312 
Hudson,  W.  H.     Nature  in  Downland  ....  120 

Hughes,  Rupert.     Contemporary  Am.  Composers  502 
Hume,  Martin  A.  S.     Modern  Spain      ....  179 

Humphrey,  Maud.     Children  of  the  Revolution    .  438 
Huntington,  F.  D.     Personal  Religious  Life    .     .     77 
Hutton,  R.  E.     The  Crown  of  Christ      ....     77 

Huxley,  Leonard.     Life  of  T.  H.  Huxley   .     .     .  349 
Hyde,  H.  M.     The  Animal  Alphabet      .     .     .     .436 

lies,  George.     Flame,  Electricity,  and  Camera     .     27 
Illustrated  English  Poems    ........     81 

Ingersoll,  Ernest.     Nature's  Calendar   ....     19 

Irving,  W.   Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York, 

illus.  by  Maxfield  Parrish 427 

"Israfel."     Ivory  Apes  and  Peacocks     ....     18 

Iverach,  James.     Theism 76 

Jackson,  A.  W.     James  Martineau 222 

Jackson,  Gabrielle.  Pretty  Polly  Perkins  .  .  435 
Jackson,  Helen  H.  Ramona,  "Monterey"  ed.  425 
Jagger,  Thomas  A.  Personality  of  Truth  .  .  77 


VI. 


INDEX. 


James,  Henry.  Daisy  Miller,  illus.  by  McVickar  431 
James,  H.  Little  Tour  in  France,  illus.  by  Pennell  427 
Jenks,  Tudor.  Boy's  Book  of  Exploration  .  .  434 
Jevons,  Thomas  S.  The  Living  Past  ....  230 

Jewish  Year  Book  for  1900 312 

Johnson,  Clifton.  Along  French  Byways  .  .  .  428 
Johnson,  C.  F.  English  and  American  Literature  129 
Johnson,  E.  G.  Memoirs  of  Madame  Roland  .  303 
Johnson,  Margaret.  What  Did  the  Black  Cat  Do?  507 
Johnson,  W.  H.  The  World's  Discoverers  .  .  434 
Johnston,  Henry.  Storming  of  Stony  Point  .  .181 
Johnston,  Mary.  To  Have  and  to  Hold  ...  23 

Jokai,  Maurus.     The  Baron's  Sons 128 

Jones,  Mary  C.  European  Travel  for  Women  .  132 
Jordan,  D.  S.,  and  Kellogg,  V.  L.  Animal  Life  273 
Kaisenberg,  M.  von.  Courtot  Memoirs  .  .  .  101 
Keeler,  Charles  A.  Bird  Notes  Afield  ....  20 
Keeler,  Harriet  L.  Our  Native  Trees  ....  20 
Kellogg  and  Reed.  High  School  Grammar  .  .  81 
Kellogg,  Frank  E.  Boy  Duck- Hunters  .  .  .  506 
Kendall,  E.  K.  Source  Book  of  English  History  439 

Ker,  W.  P.     Essays  of  Dryden 132 

Killikelly,  Sarah  H.  Curious  Questions,  Vol.  III.  182 
Kingsley,Charles.  Water  Babies,  illus. by  G.Wright  436 
Knackfuss,  H.  Albrecht  Diirer,  English  edition  430 
Knapp,  W.  I.  Works  of  George  Borrow  .  .  .  362 
LaFontaine,  Rachel  A.  Evangelists  in  Classic  Art  430 

Lahee,  Henry  C.     Famous  Pianists 502 

Lang,  Andrew.     Grey  Fairy  Book 435 

Lang,  Andrew.  History  of  Scotland,  Vol.  I.  .  .  309 
Lang,  Andrew.  Prince  Charles  Edward  .  .  .  424 

Lamed,  J.  N.     History  of  England 236 

Lazarus,  M.     Ethics  of  Judaism 132 

Lee,  Guy  Carleton.  Historical  Jurisprudence  .  130 
Lee,  G.  C.  Source-Book  of  English  History  .  .  312 

Lee,  G.  C.     World's  Orators 439 

Le  Gallienne,  Richard.  Travels  in  England  .  .  18 
Leonard,  Mary.  Half  a  Dozen  Thinking  Caps  .  437 
Lesly,  Susan  I.  Recollections  of  My  Mother  .  261 
Lever,  C.  Song  of  Vagabond  Huntsman  .  .  .  504 
Lewis,  E.  H.  Specimen  Forms  of  Discourse  .  .  81 

Leys,  John  A.     The  Black  Terror 126 

Liberty  Poems 130 

Lillie,  Arthur.     Croquet  up  to  Date 79 

Little  Folks'  Illustrated  Annual  for  1900  .  .  .507 
Lloyd,  J.  U.  Stringtown  on  the  Pike  ....  498 
Locke,  William  J.  The  White  Dove  ....  24 
Loomis,  Charles  B.  Yankee  Enchantments  .  .  434 
Lounsberry,  Alice.  Guide  to  the  Trees  ...  20 
Lounsbury,  T.  R.  Chaucer's  Works  ....  273 
Loveman,  Robert.  A  Book  of  Verses  ....  231 

Lover's  Library 428 

Lummis,  C.  F.  Land  of  Sunshine,  Vol.  XII.  .  183 
Lusk,  Hugh  H.  Our  Foes  at  Home  ....  178 
Mabie,  H.  W.  William  Shakespeare  ....  492 
MacCunn,  John.  The  Making  of  Character  .  .  99 
MacDonell,  A.  A.  History  of  Sanskrit  Literature  102 

MacEwen,  A.  R.     The  Erskines 133 

Macleod,  Mary.  Book  of  King  Arthur  .  .  .  507 
MacManus,  Seumas.  Donegal  Fairy  Stories  .  .  435 
Macpherson,  Hector.  Spencer  and  Spencerism  .  132 
Macy,  M.  L.,  and  Norris,  H.W.  General  Physiology  312 
Mahan,  A.  T.  The  War  in  South  Africa  .  .  .501 
Markham,  Edwin.  Man  with  the  Hoe,  illus.  by  Pyle  429 
Markham,  Edwin.  Man  with  the  Hoe,  "  Lark  "  ed.  504 
Malan,  A.  H.  More  Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain  424 
Mann,  Rufus.  The  Prelude  and  the  Play  .  .  .  124 
Mausford,  C.  J.  Bully,  Fag,  and  Hero  .  .  506 


Marvin,  F.  S.,  Mayor,  R.  J.  C.,  and  Stawell,  F.  M. 

Adventures  of  Odysseus 436 

Mathews,  F.  S.  Writing  Table  of  20th  Century  28 
Matthews,  Brander.  The  Action  and  the  Word  .  125 
Maury,  Max.  Paris  and  the  Exposition  ...  29 
May,  Sophie.  Jimmy,  Lucy,  and  All  ....  437 

McCarthy,  Eugene.     Familiar  Fish 131 

McClure,  A.  K.     Our  Presidents 55 

McCulloch,  Hugh.  Men  and  Measures,  new  ed.  237 
McMaster,  J.  B.  History  of  People  of  the  United 

States,  Vol.  V 94 

Meade,  Mrs.  L.  T.     A  Plucky  Girl 506 

Meade,  Mrs.  L.  T.     Miss  Nonentity 435 

Meakin,  Budgett.  The  Moorish  Empire  ...  51 
Merrick,  E.  M.  With  a  Palette  in  Eastern  Palaces  18 
Merrill,  William  P.  Faith  and  Sight  ....  76 

Meynell,  Alice.     John  Ruskin 264 

Miles,  Austin.  About  My  Father's  Business  .  .  28 
Miller,  F.  I.,  and  Nelson,  J.  R.  Dido  ....  271 

Miller,  Joaquin.     True  Bear  Stories 436 

Mitchell,  S.  Weir.     The  Wager 231 

Molesworth,  Mrs.     The  House  that  Grew  .     .     .  435 

Molesworth,  Mrs.     Three  Witches 506 

Montague,  Irving.  Things  I  Have  Seen  in  War  26 
Montgomery,  T.  H.  University  of  Pennsylvania  301 

Mora,  James  J.     Animals  of  ^Esop 507 

Morley,  John.     Oliver  Cromwell 298 

Morley,  Margaret  W.  Down  North  and  Up  Along  17 
Morris's  Pre-Raphaelite  Ballads,  illus.  by  O'Kane  429 
Morrison,  Carrie  E.  Pixie  and  Elaine  Stories  .  436 
Morrison,  H.  S.  Adventures  of  a  Boy  Reporter  .  433 
Morse,  L.  B.  The  Road  to  Nowhere  .  .  .  .436 
Mathews,  C.  E.  Annals  of  Mont  Blanc  .  .  .171 
Munro,  H.  H.  Rise  of  the  Russian  Empire  .  .  310 
Munroe,  Kirk.  Brethren  of  the  Coast  ....  433 
Munroe,  Kirk.  Under  the  Great  Bear  ....  434 

Myers,  Philip  Van  Ness.     Rome 133 

Myrtle,  J.  H.,  and  Rigby,  R.  Mother  Goose  Cooked  438 

Neilson,  Harry  B.     Droll  Doings 438 

Nesbit,  E.     Book  of  Dragons 507 

Newcomb,  Simon.  His  Wisdom  the  Defender  .  499 
Newell,  L.  C.  Experimental  Chemistry  .  .  .  312 

Newmarch,  Rosa.     Tchaikovsky 359 

Nixon,  Mary  F.  God,  the  King,  my  Brother  .  307 
Noble,  Edmund.  Russia  and  the  Russians  .  .  359 

Ober,  F.  A.     Storied  West  Indies 312 

O'Connor,  E.  Scott.     Motifs 430 

Omar  and  Rubaiydt,  Book  of 430 

Omond,  T.  S.  The  Romantic  Triumph  .  .  .181 
Opdyke,  G.  H.  World's  Best  Proverbs  .  .  .430 
Oppenheim,  Nathan.  Care  of  the  Child  in  Health  54 

Opper,  F.     Folks  in  Funnyville 504 

Orsi,  Pietro.     Italy 233 

Osborn,  E.  B.     Greater  Canada 269 

Ostrander,  Fannie  E.     Baby  Goose 438 

Otis,  James.     Aunt  Hannah  and  Seth     ....  435 

Otis,  James.     Boston  Boys  of  1775 432 

Otis,  James.  Fighting  for  the  Empire  ....  433 
Otis,  James.  The  Armed  Ship  America  .  .  .  433 
Otis,  James.  The  Lobster  Catchers  ....  434 
Otis,  James.  With  Preble  at  Tripoli  ....  433 

Oxford  Bible,  two-version  edition 439 

Page,  T.  N.     Old  Gentleman  in  the  Black  Stock, 

illus.  by  Christy 430 

Paine,  Levi  L.     Evolution  of  Trinitarianism    .     .     76 
Painter,  F.  V.  N.     History  of  English  Literature  129 
Palgrave,  R.  H.  I.     Dictionary  of  Political  Econ- 
omy, Vol.  Ill 180 


INDEX. 


VII. 


Parkin,  G.  R.  Life  of  Edward  Thring,  new  edition  29 
Parkinan,  F.  Oregon  Trail,  illus.  by  Remington  429 

Parry,  Edward  A.     Don  Quixote 507 

Partridge,  W.  O.     Angel  of  Clay 22 

Patch,  Kate  W.  Old  Lady  and  Young  Laddie  .  506 
Peacock,  Virginia  T.  Famous  American  Belles  .  500 
Peck,  Harry  Thurston.  Greystone  and  Porphyry  230 

Pemberton,  Max.     Fe"o 127 

Pemberton,  Max.  Footsteps  of  a  Throne  .  .  .  498 
Pennington,  Edward.  Sir  David  Wilkie  .  .  .133 

Perkins,  James  Breck.     Richelieu 234 

Peters,  M.  C.     Wit  and  Wisdom  of  the  Talmud  .  363 
Phelps,  W.  L.     Thackeray's  English  Humourists  312 
Philipson,  D.,  and  Grossman,  L.     Selected  Writ- 
ings of  Isaac  M.  Wise 133 

Plehn,  Carl  C.  Introduction  to  Public  Finance  .  272 
Places  I  Have  Visited  .........  236 

Pool,  Maria  Louise.     Chums 506 

Pollard,  A.  W.     Library  of  English  Classics 

21,  29,  81,  236,  273,  361 

Pollard,  Evelyn.  Birds  of  My  Parish  ....  360 
Porter,  Charlotte,  and  Clarke,  Helen  A.  Browning 

Study  Programmes 29 

Porter  and  Clarke.  Mrs.  Browning's  Works  .  .  502 
Porter,  Jane.  Scottish  Chiefs,  illus.  by  Robinson  431 
Pott,  William  H.  Stories  from  Dreamland  .  .  437 

Potter,  Margaret  H.     Uncanonized 306 

Powell,  F.  York.     XXIV.  Quatrains  from  Omar  236 
Praeger,  S.  Rosamond.     Little  Twin  Dragons       .  438 
Pratt,  Ella  F.     The  Play  Lady      .     .     .     .     .     .437 

Pratt,  William.     State  and  the  Church  ....     76 

Pullan,  Leighton.  Book  of  Common  Prayer  .  .  76 
Putnam's  Knickerbocker  Literature  Series  .  .  .  508 
Putnam's  Library  of  Standard  Literature  .  .  .  363 
Parker,  W.  Gordon.  Rival  Boy  Sportsmen  .  .  434 

Plympton,  A.  G.     A  Child  of  Glee 435 

Pyle,  Katharine.     The  Christmas  Angel      •     .     .  436 

Ragozin,  Zenaide  A.     Salammbo 508 

Ray,  Anna  C.     Playground  Toni  ......  435 

Ray,  Anna  C.     Phebe:  Her  Profession  .     .     .     ,  435 

Raymond,  Evelyn.     Divided  Skates 437 

Raymond,  Evelyn.     Reels  and  Spindles      .     .     .  435 

Raymond,  Evelyn.     The  Sun  Maid 433 

Reade,  Charles.     Cloister  and  the  Hearth,  illus. 

by  W.  M.  Johnson,  new  edition 431 

Reed,  Helen  L.     Brenda 435 

Reid,  Sydney.     Josey  and  the  Chipmunk    .     .     .  436 

Reinsch,  Paul  S.     World  Politics 270 

Reynolds-Ball,  E.  A.  Paris  in  its  Splendor  .  .  501 
Rhees,  Rush.  Life  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth  .  .  .  357 
Rhoades,  Lilian  I.  Story  of  Philadelphia  .  .  .  100 
Rhys,  Ernest.  Lord  Leighton,  third  edition  .  .  264 

Richards,  Laura  E.     For  Tommy 506 

Richards,  Laura  E.     Rita 506 

Richards,  Laura  E.     Snow  White      ......  437 

Riggs,  J.  S.  History  of  Jewish  People  .  .  .  357 
Rittenhouse,  Jessie  B.  The  Rubaiyat  ....  363 

Riverside  Aldine  Classics 362 

Robbins,  W.  L.     An  Essay  toward  Faith     ...     77 

Roberts,  Morley.     Lord  Linlithgow 497 

Roberts,  Morley.     The  Fugitives 497 

Robertson,  J.  M.  Shaftesbury's  Characteristics  .  363 
Robins,  E.  Twelve  Great  Actors  and  Actresses  .  427 
Robins,  Edward.  WTith  Washington  in  Braddock's 

Campaign 505 

Robins,  E.  P.  Lotze's  Theory  of  Knowledge  .  .  81 
Robinson,  Edith.  Little  Puritan's  First  Christmas  432 
Roe,  Nora  A.  M.  Two  Little  Street  Singers  .  .  437 


MM 

Roosevelt,  Theodore.     Oliver  Cromwell       .     .     .  298 

Rostand,  Edmond.     L'Aiglon 354 

Rouse,  W.  H.D.  Meditations  of  Marcus  Aurelius  500 
Rowland  and  Ames.  Elements  of  Physics  .  .  439 
Rowlands,  Walter.  Among  Great  Masters  in  Music, 

and  Among  Great  Masters  in  Literature  .  .  428 
Royce,  Josiah.  Conception  of  Immortality  .  .  77 
Ruiz,  L.  A.  Cuban-American  Tratado  Analitico  29 
Russell,  W.  Clark.  The  Pretty  Polly  .  .  .  .434 
Russell's  Souvenirs  of  Popular  Plays  ....  508 

Sage,  William.     Robert  Tournay 125 

Saint- Amand,  Imbert  de.    Napoleon  III.  at  Height 

of  his  Power 361 

Saint-Germain,  C.  de.  Practice  of  Palmistry  .  .  28 
Saunders,  Marshall.  For  his  Country  ....  506 
Savory,  Isabel.  A  Sportswoman  in  India  .  .  .  268 
Sayre,  Theodore  B.  Son  of  Carleycroft  .  .  .  497 

Scidmore,  Eliza  R.     China 71 

Scollard,  Clinton.     Ballads  of  American  Bravery  439 

Scott,  Clement.     Ellen  Terry 427 

Scott's  Ivanhoe,  in  "  Illustrated  Romances  "  series  431 
Scruggs,  W.  L.  Colombia  and  Venezuela  .  .  356 
Sears,  E.  H.  Political  Growth  in  19th  Century  .  54 
Sedgefield,  W.  J.  King  Alfred's  Boethius  .  .  132 

Seeley,  Levi.     History  of  Education 99* 

Seton-Thompson,  Ernest.  Wild  Animal  Play  .  436 
Seton-Thompson,  Grace  G.  A  Woman  Tenderfoot  361 
Sewall,  Alice  A.  Ballad  of  the  Prince  ....  437 
Sewall,  Frank.  Kant's  Dreams  of  a  Spirit-Seer  .  81 
Shakespeare's  As  You  Like  It,  illus.  by  Low  .  .  426 

Sheehan,  P.  A.    My  New  Curate 308 

Sheldon,  W.  L.  Ethical  Sunday  School  ...  98 
Shelton,  Jane  De  F.  The  Salt-Box  House  .  .  309- 
Shepard,  Morgan.  Observations  of  Jay  .  .  .  436 
Sherman,  L.  A.  Tennyson's  Princess  ....  81 

Shirley,  Penn.     Boy  Donald 437 

Shuckburgh,  Evelyn.  Letters  of  Cicero,  Vol.  III.  236 
Sidney,  Margaret.  Adventures  of  Joel  Pepper  .  437 
Sienkiewicz,  H.  Judgment  of  Peter  and  Paul  .  505 
Sienkiewlcz,  H.  Knights  of  the  Cross  ....  128 

Silberrad,  Una  L.     Lady  of  Dreams 497 

Simmons,  W.  E.  The  Nicaragua  Canal  .  .  .  102 
Singleton,  Adam.  Froissart's  Chronicles  ...  56 
Singleton,  Esther.  Wonders  of  Nature  ...  .  503 
Sizeranne,  R.  de  la.  Ruskin  and  Religion  of  Beauty  265 
Skinner,  Charles  M.  Flowers  in  the  Pave  .  .  .  121 
Sleight,  Charles  Lee.  The  Water  People  .  .  .  506 
Smith,  Arthur  H.  Village  Life  in  China  ...  73 
Smith,  D.  E.  Teaching  of  Elementary  Mathematics  97 

Smith,  F.  E.     International  Law 508 

Smith,  Gertrude.  Roggie  and  Reggie  Stories  .  507 
Smith,  Gertrude.  The  Booboo  Book  ....  437 
Smith,  Helen  E.  Colonial  Days  and  Ways  .  .  415 
Smith,  Mary  P.  W.  Young  and  Old  Puritans  of 

Hatfield 432 

Smith,  Minna  C.     Mary  Paget 23 

Smith,  W.  Anderson.  Temperate  Chili  ...  16 
Smyth,  G.  M.,  and  others.  The  Crisis  in  China  .  306 
Smyth,  Herbert  W.  Greek  Melic  Poets  ...  102 
Snyder  and  Palmer.  Problems  in  Physics  .  .  508 

Songs  for  the  City  of  God 273 

Spahr,  Charles  B.     America's  Working  People    .     50 

Spalding,  Bishop.     Opportunity 131 

Speer,  Robert  E.  The  Situation  in  China  .  .  .  305 
Spence,  H.  D.  M.  White  Robe  of  Churches  .  .  80 

Spence,  Walter.     Back  to  Christ 77 

Spielmann,  M.  H.     John  Ruskin 265 

Star  Series  of  English  Classics 310 


Vlll. 


INDEX. 


Starr,  Frederick.     Indians  of  Southern  Mexico    .     52 

Stead,  William  T.    The  Crucifixion 57 

Stedman,  Arthur.  Works  of  Melville,  new  edition  362 
Stednmn,  E.  C.  An  American  Anthology  .  .  .  257 

Steel,  Flora  A.     Hosts  of  the  Lord 496 

Stephens,  R.  N.     Philip  Winwood 307 

Stevenson,  R.  L.    Child's  Garden  of  Verses,  illus. 

by  E.  Marr  and  M.  H.  Squire 436 

Stevenson,  R.  L.  Treasure  Island,  illus.  by  Paget  436 
St.  Nicholas  Book  of  Plays  and  Operettas  .  .  .  438 
Stoddard,  W.  O.  Ned,  Son  of  Webb  ....  434 
Strang,  L.  C.  Celebrated  Comedians  ....  503 
Strang,  L.  C.  Prirna  Donnas  and  Soubrettes  .  .  503 
Stratemeyer,  Edward.  Between  Boer  and  Briton  433 
Stratemeyer,  Edward.  On  to  Pekin  ....  505 
Stratemeyer,  Edward.  True  to  Himself  .  .  .  434 
Stronach,  Alice.  A  Newnham  Friendship  .  .  .  435 
Sunday  Reading  for  the  Young,  1901  ....  438 
Sutton,  Adah  L.  Mr.  Bunny:  His  Book  .  .  .438 
Sweet,  John.  American  Public  Schools  ...  99 
Swett,  Sophie.  Littlest  One  of  the  Browns  .  .  438 
Symonds,  J.  A.  Shakespeare's  Predecessors,  new  ed.  363 
Tappan,  Eva  M.  In  Days  of  Alfred  the  Great  .  432 
Tarr,  R.  S.,  and  McMurry,  F.  M.  North  America  80 
Taylor,  A.  N.  Law  in  Relation  to  Physicians  .  311 

Taylor,  Edward  R.     Moods 232 

Taylor,  M.  Imlay.  Cobbler  of  Nimes  ....  498 
Taylor,  M.  Imlay.  House  of  the  Wizard  ...  24 
Taylor,  M.  Imlay.  The  Cardinal's  Musketeer  .  24 

Temple  Primers 29,  312,  439,  508 

Tennyson's  In  Memoriam,  "  Bankside  Press  "ed.  .  428 
Thompson,  A.  R.  Gold  Seeking  on  Dalton  Trail  434 

Thumb-Nail  Series 429 

Thwaites,  R.  G.     Stories  of  the  Badger  State       .  182 

Tod,  A.  H.     Charterhouse 94 

Todd,  Mabel  L.  Steele's  Astronomy  .  .  .  .103 
Tomlinson,  E.  T.  House-Boat  on  St.  Lawrence  .  432 
Tomlinson,  E.  T.  In  Hands  of  the  Red  Coats  .  433 

Tom's  Boy 437 

Trent,  W.  P.     Verses 232 

Trent,  W.  P.     Works  of  Balzac 417 

True,  John  P.  Scouting  for  Washington  .  .  .  433 
Turknett,  Flora  L.  Esther  in  Maine  ....  506 
Turnbull,  Mrs.  L.  Golden  Book  of  Venice  .  .  498 
Tutin,  J.  R.  Concordance  to  FitzGerald's  Omar  3*33 
Tyler,  L.  G.  Cradle  of  the  Republic  ....  180 
Tytler,  Sarah.  Queen  Charlotte's  Maidens  .  .  432 

United  States  in  19th  Century 439 

Urrny,  William  S.  Christ  Came  Again  ...  77 
Upton,  Florence.  Golliwogg's  Polar  Adventures  438 
Vance,  A.  T.  The  Real  David  Harum  .  .  .  .311 
Valde*s,  A.  Palacio.  Joy  of  Captain  Ribot  .  .  128 
Van  Dyke,  Henry.  The  Toiling  of  Felix  .  .  .  230 


PA  OK 

Vincent,  Leon  H.  Hotel  de  Rambouillet  ...  79 
Waddell,  L.  A.  Among  the  Himalayas,  new  ed.  312 
Waliszewski,  K.  History  of  Russian  Literature  .  102 

Wallace,  Mrs.  Some  Oxford  Pets 235 

Ward,  John.  Pyramids  and  Progress  ....  16 
Ward,  Mrs.  Humphry.  Eleanor  ....  426,  496 
Warner,  Francis.  Nervous  System  of  the  Child  99 
Warner,  Hannah.  More  Bunny  Stories  .  .  .  438 
Waters,  Robert.  Flashes  of  Wit  and  Humor  .  80 
Watson,  H.  B.  Marriott.  Chloris  of  the  Island  .  497 
Watson,  H.  B.  Marriott.  The  Rebel  .  .  .  .126 
Webster,  George  S.  The  Friendly  Year  .  .  .  503 
Webster,  W.  F.  English  Composition  ....  182 
Webster's  International  Dictionary,  revised  ed.  .  360 

Weed,  G.  L.  Life  of  St.  John 507 

Weeden,  Howard.  Songs  of  the  Old  South  .  .  431 
Wells,  D.  A.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Taxation  .  176 
Welsh,  Herbert.  The  Other  Man's  Country  .  .  423 
Welton,  J.  Logical  Basis  of  Education  ...  99 
Wendell,  Barrett.  Literary  History  of  America  485 
Wesselhoeft,  Lily  F.  Doris  and  her  Dog  .  .  .  438 
Westcott,  E.  N.  David  Harum,  illustrated  ed.  .  427 

Westminster  Biographies 57 

Weyman,  Stanley  J.  Sophia 25 

Wharton,  Edith.  The  Touchstone 126 

What  Is  Worth  While  series 272,  363 

Whibley,  Charles.  Pageantry  of  Life  ....  495 
Whibley,  Charles.  Works  of  Rabelais  ....  55 
White,  Eliza  O.  Ednah  and  her  Brothers  .  .  .  437 

White,  Percy.  The  West  End 308 

Whiteing,  Richard.  Paris  of  To-Day  ....  425 
Whitman,  Sydney.  Conversations  with  Bismarck  271 
Whitman,  Walt.  Leaves  of  Grass,  McKay's  ed.  .  182 

Wickhoff,  Franz.  Roman  Art 421 

Wiggin,  Kate  D.  Penelope's  Experiences,  illus. 

by  Brock 426 

Wilcox,  W.  D.  Rockies  of  Canada,  new  edition  268 
Wildman,  Rounsevelle.  China's  Open  Door  .  .  306 
Willcox,  W.  F.,  and  Newcomb,  H.  T.  Census  Plans  81 
Williams,  Emery  L.  Alphabet  of  Indians  .  .  .  434 
Williams,  Eustace.  The  Substitute  Quarter-Back  505 
Williams,  Sarah.  Through  the  Year  with  Birds 

and  Poets 430 

Wilson,  R.  R.  Rambles  in  Colonial  Byways  .  .  501 

Wilson,  William  H.  Rafnaland 499 

Wolfe,  Theodore  F.  Literary  Rambles  .  .  .429 

Women  of  the  Bible 502 

Wood,  C.  W.  In  the  Valley  of  the  Rhone  .  .  16 
Wood,  James.  Nutall  Encyclopaedia  ....  273 
Woods  Holl  Biological  Lectures,  1899  ....  235 

Worrall,  Walter.  Bacon's  Essayes 500 

Wooten,  D.  G.  Comprehensive  History  of  Texas  122 
Wright,  Mabel  O.  Dream  Fox  Story  Book  .  .  435 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


American  Publishers'  Association,  Formation  of  .  81 

Appleton  &  Co.,  Reorganization  of 133 

Bibliographical  Institute  Wanted.  Aksel  O.  S. 

Josephson 48 

Chamberlain,  Mellen,  Death  of 57 

Christmas  Poetry,  Recent.  Margaret  Steele 

Anderson • 487 

Critic  Criticized,  A.  Clifford  Mitchell,  M.D.  .  .  489 

Davidson,  Thomas,  Death  of 237 

Dolby,  George,  Death  of 362 

"  Easy  Chair  "  of  Harper's  Magazine,  Revival  of  .  273 
Endowments,  Dangers  and  Drawbacks  in.  Elmer 

L.  Kenyan 47 


English  Literature,  Projected  Important  History  of  355 
English  People,  Who  are  the  ?     Alfred  Nutt  .     .     70 

Hinsdale,  B.  A.,  Death  of 508 

International  Catalogue  of  Scientific  Literature    .  133 
«  La  Forza  d'un  Bel  Volto."     Sonnet  by  M.  B.  A.  117 

Madison  (Wis.)  Library,  The  New 294 

Monthly  Review,  The 183,  312 

New  Liberal  Review,  The 81 

Oxford  English  Dictionary,  Note  on 182 

Poets,  American  and  English.    George  S.  Hellman  297 

Ridpath,  John  Clark,  Death  of 103 

Shakespeare  as  a  Duty.     Melville  B.  Anderson     .  488 
Warner,  C.  D.,  as  an  Editor.     L 348 


THETDIAL 


^  SEMI- MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Criticism,  gtstussion;,  aitir  Information. 


EDITED  BT 

FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE. 


Volume  XXIX, 
No.  337. 


CHICAGO,  JULY  1,  1900. 


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r  I  ^HE  novels  and  stories  included  in  this  series  are  all  the  best  works  of 
A  the  most  popular  writers  of  the  day.  They  are  uniformly  bound  in 
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BELOW  IS  A   LIST  OF  AUTHORS  AND   TITLES 


The  Houseboat  on  the  Styx 

By  JOHN   KENDR1CK   BANGS 

The  Pursuit  of  the  Houseboat 

By  JOHN   KENDR1CK   BANGS 

Lorraine 

By  ROBERT  W.  CHAMBERS 

The  Red  Axe 

By  S.  R.  CROCKETT 

The  Princess  Aline 

By  RICHARD   HARDING   DAVIS 

A  Strange  Manuscript  Found 
in  a  Copper  Cylinder 

By  JAMES  DE  MILLE 

The  Refugees 

By  CONAN  DOYLE 

Peter  Ibbetson 

By  GEORGE  DU  MAURIER 

The  Descendant 

By  ELLEN  GLASGOW 

The  Coast  of  Bohemia 

By  W.  D.  HOWELLS 


Roweny  in  Boston 

By  MARIA  LOUISE  POOL 

A  Transplanted  Rose 

By  MRS.  JOHN  SHERWOOD 

The  Great  Stone  of  Sardis 

By   FRANK  R.  STOCKTON 

Life  on  the  Mississippi 

By  MARK  TWAIN 

A  Little  Journey  in  the  World 

By  CHARLES   DUDLEY   WARNER 

The  War  of  the  Worlds 

By  H.  G.  WELLS 

A  New  England  Nun,  and  Other 
Stories 

By  MARY  E.  WILKINS 

Pembroke 

By  MARY  E.  WILKINS 

Anne 

By  CONSTANCE   FENIMORE  WOOLSON 

Jupiter  Lights 

By  CONSTANCE  FENIMORE  WOOLSON 


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THE    DIAL  [Juiyi, 


e/7  New  Historical  Novel  by  a  New  Writer. 

AN  INSTANTANEOUS  SUCCESS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  ENGLAND,  AND  CANADA 

A  KENT  SQUIRE 

Being  a  Record  of  Certain  Adventures  of  Ambrose  Qwynett,  Esquire,  of  Thornhaugh 

By  FREDERICK  W.   HAYES 

Illustrated  with  sixteen  full-page  drawings  by  the  author.     Size,  7J  x5}.     Long  primer  type.     537  pages. 

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the  reading  public  to  a  new  writer  of  great  dramatic  power. 
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that  it  is  entitled  to  rank  with  the  best  historical  novels  of 
the  day.  Those  who  have  followed  with  breathless  interest 
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A   WOMAN'S  BOOK 

SOUTHERN  HEARTS 

By  FLORENCE  HULL  WINTERBURN 

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vivid,  graphic  touch,  to  the  life.  A  brighter,  pleasanter  collection  of  stories  for  summer  reading  there  cannot 
be.  Says  the  Globe-Democrat,  St.  Louis,  Mo.: 

"  The  author  has  portrayed  with  strength  and  delicacy  the  many  phases  of  character  she  has  introduced  into 
her  stories,  and  has  shown  rare  insight  in  her  delineations." 

"  They  are  far  better  than  the  average  short  story,  so  much  better  that  it  is  a  long  way  from  a  good  comparison  ;  in  fact, 
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A  DIFFICULT  PROBLEM 

By  ANNA    KATHARINE    GREEN,   author  of  "The  Leavenworth  Case,"  "Agatha  Webbe,"  etc. 
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Price,  $1.25. 

"Conan  Doyle  at  his  best  has  seldom  written  more  interesting  detective  stories  than  are  contained  in  this  book." — Inter 
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"Her  power  shows  no  sign  of  deterioration.     She  thor-   I       " The  book  is  in  the  clever  author's  happiest  vein."—  The 
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SOLD  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS.     SENT  POSTPAID  BY 


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1900.] 


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been   brought  together  between 
two  covers. 

I2mo,  5Viz  71/2,  $1.00. 


IN  PREPARATION. 
McCLURE,  PHILLIPS  &  CO.  have  in  preparation,  for  publication  at  an  early  date,  works  by  the  following  well-known  writers : 


ANTHONY  HOPE.  A  romance  of  modern  English  life,  entitled 
"Tristram  of  Blent." 

A.  CONAN  DOYLE.  A  history  of  the  South  African  War.  This  is 
a  larger  historical  subject  than  Mr.  Doyle  has  yet  attempted. 

IAN  MACLAREN.  "The  Life  of  the  Master."  The  com- 
pleted work  will  contain  twice  the  amount  of  material  which 
is  at  present  appearing  in  McClure's  Magazine. 

STANLEY  J.  WEYMAN.    A  new  novel. 

S.  R.  CROCKETT.    A  new  novel. 

EL1NORE  ELLIOTT  PEAKE.  A  story  which  will  attract  atten- 
tion because  of  the  recent  successes  of  the  writer  as  a  con- 
tributor to  the  magazines. 


SEUMAS  MACMANUS.  A  collection  of  fairy  stories  drawn  from 
Irish  sources.  The  strong  national  flavor  of  Mr.  Macmanus's 
work  has  lately  attracted  much  attention. 

GERTRUDE  HALL.  "April's  Sowing."  A  novel  introduc- 
ing American  characters  in  the  setting  of  a  foreign  at- 
mosphere. 

EDWIN  MARKHAM.  "The  Sowers,  and  Other  Poems." 
Verses  boldly  expressive  of  a  remarkably  vigorous  and  sin- 
cere personality. 

ANNA  KATHARINE  GREEN.  "The  Circular  Study"  A 
mystery  story  by  an  author  who,  according  to  the  Boston 
Transcript,  has  elevated  the  detective  story  to  a  higher  plane 
than  any  other  American  writer. 


BOOKS   FROM  McC LURE'S  MAGAZINE. 

The  following  books  are  published  by  THE  DOUBLEDAY  &  McCLURE  CO.,  but  copies  may  be  had  of  McCLURE,  PHILLIPS  &  CO. 


THE  GENTLEMAN   FROM   INDIANA. 

By  BOOTH  TARKINGTON.  This  remarkable  novel  of  American 
life  has  become  one  of  the  most  popular  books  of  the  day.  Forty- 
third  thousand.  12mo,  5V2a;8^,  $1.50. 

THE  BOY'S  BOOK  OF   INVENTIONS. 

By  RAY  8TANNARD  BAKER.  Telling  of  some  of  the  most  note- 
worthy marvels  of  modern  invention,  such  as  the  Submarine  Boat, 
Liquid  Air,  Wireless  Telegraphy,  etc.  Itlus.  \1rnn,  5% z  8V4,  $2 .00. 


BY  RUDYARD  KIPLIXG. 
THE  DAY'S  WORK. 

Of  this  extraordinarily  popular  book  over  100,0'  0  copies  have  been 
sold.     104'A  th ,usand.     Illuolra'fd.     12/«o,  5l/2z8l/4,.  $1.50. 
STALKY  &  CO. 

This  famous  story  of  school-boy  life  in  England  was  first  pub- 
lished serially  in  Mcdurr's  Magazine.  Thirtieth  thousand.  I2mo, 
5y2z8V4.  Illustrated.  (Uniform  with  "The  Day's  Work.")  $1.50. 


THE   COURT  OF   BOYVILLE.     By  WILLIAM  ALLEN  WHITE.     These  stories  have  attained  a  justly  deserved  popularity.     Seventh 

thousand.   12mo,  5x1%,  $1.50. 
These  books  will  be  delivered  free  "  on  approval,"  and  no  payments  required  until  the  purchaser  has  hnd  a  chance  In  examine  them  carefully. 


Co 


141455 


Street, 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


QEORGIE 


By  S.  E.  KISER. 

With  a  cover  design  and  ten  illustrations  by  RALPH  BERGENGKEN. 

In  this  book  are  included  many  of  Mr.  Kiser's  articles  in  the  Chicago  Times-Herald,  which  have  dealt  so 
humorously  with  the  American  Boy's  Views  and  Ideas  of  his  "  Pa." 

For  laughter-compelling  humor  Mr.  Kiser  treads  closely  upon  the  literary  heels  of  his  distinguished 
townsman,  the  author  of  "  Mr.  Dooley." 
Cloth,  decorative $1.00 


THE  MIDDLE   FIVE 

A  Story  of  Indian  Boys  at  School. 

A  faithful,  accurate,  and  absorbingly  interesting  series 
of  pictures  in  the  form  of  fiction  of  the  lives  of  Indian 
schoolboys  at  Hampton. 

With  a  frontispiece  in  color  and  a  cover  design  by 

ANGEL  DE  CORA. 
By  Frances  La  Flesche.  Cloth,  $1.25. 


TUSKEGEE 

With  50  half-tone  illustrations  from  photographs. 

Mr.  Thrasher  has  given  us  a  book  of  the  greatest  interest 
to  the  constantly  increasing  many  who  know  of  and  appre- 
ciate the  wonderful  work  that  is  being  done  by  Booker  T. 
Washington  at  Tuskegee,  the  "  School  of  a  Nation." 

It  contains  a  full  account  of  the  ways  and  workings  of 
the  famous  Institute. 
By  Max  B.  Thrasher.  Cloth,  $1.00. 


A   WOMAN'S   PARIS 

With  40  half-tone  illustrations  from  photographs. 

"  A  Woman's  Paris  "  is  intended  for  the  use  of  the  American  lady  who  is  about  to  visit  Paris,  and  who 
wishes  while  she  is  there  "  to  do  the  agreeable  things  there  are  to  do  and  to  avoid  the  disagreeable  things  there 
are  not  to  do."  The  author  is  herself  an  American  woman  who  knows  her  Paris,  and  who  has  tried  to  take  up 
systematically,  but  readably  and  entertainingly,  the  questions  of  living,  of  servants,  of  cabs,  of  churches  and 
theatres,  of  shopping,  of  dressmakers,  of  sports,  of  prices,  and  a  dozen  other  things,  and  to  point  out  to  her 
countrywomen  just  how  they  may  everywhere  have  the  best  and  pleasantest  experience  possible.  The  book 
is  fully  illustrated,  and  contains  chapters  on  the  Exposition  and  on  "  Fair  "  prices. 

Although  in  no  sense  a  guide  or  hand-book,  "  A  Woman's  Paris  "  is  more  largely  instructive  than  either 
and  as  entertaining  as  it  is  timely. 

Cloth,  decorative,  7x4^  inches $1.25 


NEW  BEACON 

BIOGRAPHIES 

Three  new  volumes  in  this  well-known  Series  of  Biog- 
raphies of  Eminent  Americans. 

Cover  design  and  vignette  title-page  by 

BERTRAM  GROSVENOR  GOODHUE. 

STEPHEN  DECATUR.    By  CYRUS  TOWNSEND  BRADY. 
SAM  HOUSTON.    By  SARA  BARNWELL  ELLIOT. 
STONEWALL  JACKSON.    By  CARL  HOVEY. 

Many  Others  in  Preparation. 
Limp  blue  cloth,  gilt  top 75  cts. 


THE  WESTMINSTER 
BIOGRAPHIES 

A  Series  of  Brief  Memoirs  of  Eminent  Englishmen  uni- 
form in  size  and  make-up  with  "  The  Beacon  Biographies." 
Cover  design  and  vignette  title-page  by 

BERTRAM  GROSVENOR  GOODHUE. 
ROBERT  BROWNING.    By  ARTHUR  WAUGH. 
DANIEL  DEFOE.    By  WILFRED  WHITTEY. 
JOHN  WESLEY.    By  FRANK  BANFIELD 

Many  Others  in  Preparation. 
Limp  red  cloth,  gilt  top 75  cts. 


UP   IN  MAINE 


By  HOLM  AN  F.  DA  Y. 

A  collection  of  the  wonderful  stories  of  Yankee  life  by  Mr.  Day,  illustrated  by  six  half-tone  illustrations 
from  photographs.  Many  of  these  remarkable  poems  of  the  farm,  the  shore,  and  the  logging  camps  have 
become  familiar  through  their  publication  in  the  Lewislon  Journal.  The  Honorable  C.  E.  Littlefield  has 
written  an  introduction  to  the  book. 

Cloth,  decorative .     .     $1.00 


SMALL,  MAYNARD  &  COMPANY  (INCORPORATED)  BOSTON 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


GOOD  BOOKS  PW: 
FOR  SUMMER  READING 


Oh,  What  a  Plague  is  Love! 

By  KATHARINE  TYNAN,  author  of  "  The  Dear  Irish 

Girl,"  "  She  Walks  in  Beauty,"  etc.  12mo.   75  cts. 

In  this  bright  little  story,  the  author  has  told  in  a  most 
entertaining  way  how  a  too  keen  susceptibility  to  the  tender 
passion  on  the  part  of  a  gallant  though  somewhat  elderly 
gentleman  is  a  constant  source  of  anxiety  to  his  grown-up 
children,  who  are  devotedly  attached  to  him. 

The  dialogue  is  sparkling  throughout,  the  characters 
charmingly  naive  and  natural,  and  the  book  fairly  bubbles 
over  with  fun  and  good  humor.  It  is  an  ideal  book  for 
summer  outings. 

"  Leigh  Hunt  would  have  delighted  in  Mrs.  Hinkson. 
He  knew  how  to  value  high  spirits  in  a  writer,  and  the 
gaiety  of  this  cheerful  story  would  have  charmed  him  im- 
mensely."—  The  Saturday  Review. 

The  Dread  and  Fear  of  Kings. 

By  J.  BRECKENRIDGE  ELLIS.  12mo.   $1.25. 

The  period  of  this  romance  is  the  beginning  of  the  Chris- 
tian era,  and  the  scenes  are  laid  in  Rome,  the  island  of 
Capri,  and  other  parts  of  Italy.  The  interest  of  the  love 
story,  the  exciting  incidents,  and  the  spirited  dialogue  en- 
chain the  attention  of  the  reader. 

"For  stirring  adventure  and  romantic  love  scenes,  one 
need  go  no  farther.  Mr.  Ellis  has  written  a  book  that  will 
be  eagerly  read  by  all  who  like  a  stirring  and  well-told 
story." — The  Chicago  Tribune. 

'"  One  of  the  very  best  novels  that  have  been  published 
recently.  So  vivid  are  this  novelist's  colors,  so  real  his 
speech  and  action,  so  superior  his  arrangement  of  plot  and 
counterplot  that  hardly  another  touch  is  needed  to  make 
the  literary  relationship  of  '  The  Dread  and  Fear  of  Kings ' 
to  actual  Roman  history  completely  satisfactory." — Boston 
Times. 

The  Cardinal's  Musketeer. 

By  M.  IMLAY  TAYLOR,  author  of  "On  the  Red  Stair- 
case," "An  Imperial  Lover,"  etc.     12mo.     $1.25. 
A  rousing  tale  of  adventure  and  love  whose  scenes  are 
laid  in  France  in  the  time  of  Richelieu. 

"  It  is  a  strong,  well-studied  reproduction  of  the  times  of 
Cardinal  Richelieu.  .  .  .  The  tale  is  full  of  life  and  love, 
of  daring  night  rides,  of  gallant  fights.  It  is  a  stirring  ro- 
mance, overflowing  with  life  and  action."  —  The  Indianap- 
olis News. 

"  The  movement  is  rapid  and  easy,  and  the  interest  sus- 
tained by  thrilling  adventure,  dangerous  situation  and 
fortunate  escape.  A  delicately  worked  thread  of  romance 
runs  through  the  story  and  brings  it  to  a  happy  conclusion." 
— The  Home  Journal  (New  York). 

"The  interest  of  the  book  never  flags." — The  Outlook. 

The  Dear  Irish  Girl. 

By   KATHARINE   TYNAN,  author  of  "Oh,  What  a 

Plague  is  Love  !  "  etc.     12mo,  $1.50. 

"The  story  has  delightful  bits  of  character,  quaint  pic- 
tures of  places  and  people,  the  true  Irish  atmosphere  of 
sunny  innocence  and  quick  mirthf  uluess,  the  social  ease  and 
insouciance,  the  ready  humor  which  is  not  to  be  analyzed, 
all  the  characteristics  we  look  for  are  there." —  The  World 
(London,  England). 


McLoughlin  and  Old  Oregon. 

A  Chronicle. 

By  EVA  EMERY  DYE.     12 mo,  gilt  top,  with  frontis- 
piece, $1.50. 

This  is  a  most  graphic  and  interesting  chronicle  of  the 
movement  that  added  to  the  United  States  that  vast  terri- 
tory, previously  a  British  possession,  of  which  Oregon 
formed  a  part,  and  of  how  Dr.  John  McLoughlin,  then  chief 
Factor  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  the  Northwest, 
by  his  fatherly  interest  in  the  settlers,  displeased  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  and  aided  the  United  States. 

"  Get  the  book  if  you  would  be  thrilled  by  a  tale  of  truth, 
for  it  is  really  wonderful.  It  is  a  history  which,  while  accu- 
rate and  detailed,  holds  all  the  attraction  of  a  work  of  fiction, 
and  the  narrative  is  wholesome  and  good." — Boston  Times. 

Memoirs  of  Alexander  I. 

And  the  Court  of  Russia. 

By  Mme.  La  Comtesse   DE    CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER. 

Translated  from  the  French  by  MARY  BERENICE 

PATTERSON.    With  portraits,  12mo,  gilt  top,  deckle 

edges,  $1.50. 

The  author  of  this  volume  was  an  intimate  friend  of 
Alexander  and  an  ardent  supporter  of  his  foreign  and  do- 
mestic policy.  When  Napoleon  entered  Russia  she  was  pre- 
sented to  him,  and  her  pages  contain  a  life-like  and  charac- 
teristic picture,  though  not  a  very  flattering  one,  of  the 
"  Little  Corporal."  The  book  is  full  of  bright,  witty  say- 
ings, and  presents  a  remarkably  true  portrait  of  Alexander, 
who  occupied  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  nineteenth 
century  as  preeminent  a  position  in  the  world  of  diplomacy 
as  did  Napoleon  in  military  affairs.  Only  two  copies  of  the 
original  of  this  work  are  known  to  exist  —  from  one  of 
which  the  present  translation  has  been  made. 

Opportunity 

And  Other  Essays  and  Addresses. 

By  Rt.  Rev.  J.  L.  SPALDING,  Bishop  of  Peoria,  author 

of  "  Education  and  the  Higher  Life,"  "  Things  of 

the  Mind,"  etc.     12mo,  $1.00. 

A  valuable  contribution  to  modern  thought  on  education 
and  other  topics. 

"  All  that  Bishop  Spalding  writes  is  sure  to  be  said  grace- 
fully and  earnestly,  in  love  and  charity.  He  is  surely  one 
of  the  highest  types  of  '  Americanism '  that  the  Church  of 
Rome  has  produced." — The  Churchman  (New  York). 

The  Honey-Makers. 

By  MARGARET  W.  MORLEY,  author  of  "  A  Song  of 

Life,"  "  Life  and  Love,"  "  The  Bee  People,"  etc. 

12mo,  gilt  top,  illustrated,  $1.50. 

A  book  about  bees  for  bee-lovers  and  others. 

"  Miss  Morley  combines  the  thoroughness,  accuracy,  and 
enthusiasm  of  a  naturalist  with  the  graceful  touch  of  a 
skilled  artist.  Not  only  does  she  reveal  with  simplicity  and 
care  the  organization  and  habits  of  the  honey  bee,  but  she 
indulges  in  felicities  of  expression  that  impart  an  additional 
charm  to  her  story.  Miss  Morley  indicates  in  the  last  half 
of  the  volume  the  place  which  the  bee  and  its  products  have 
held  in  literature,  ancient  and  modern." — N.  Y.  Tribune. 


Sold  by  Booksellers  generally,  or  mailed,  on  receipt  of  price,  by  the  Publishers, 

A.  C.  MCCLURG   &    CO.,  215-221   Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago 


THE    DIAL, 


[July  1, 


FOR  SUMMER  READING 

NEW  FICTION 


TO  HAVE  AND  TO  HOLD 
PRISONERS  OF  HOPE 

By  MARY  JOHNSTON.     $1.50  each. 
Miss  Johnston's  books  are  of  extraordinary  interest, 
and  their  literary  character  of  the  highest. 

THE  SON  OF  THE  WOLF 

Tales  of  the  Far  North.     By  JACK  LONDON. 
$1.50. 

"  Nothing  more  virile  and  stimulating  to  the  imagina- 
tion has  come  to  us  in  the  form  of  the  short  story  for 
many  a  season." — The  Christian  Register  (Boston). 

LOVE  IN  A  CLOUD 

A  Comedy  in  Filigree.     By  ARLO  BATES,  author 

of  "  The  Puritans,"  etc.     $1.50. 
"  The  comedy  is  monstrously  clever,  and  is  as  light 
and  airy  as  filigree  all  the  way  through.     The  fun  is 
all-pervading,  but  never  laborious." — Church  Standard 
(Philadelphia). 

KNIGHTS  IN  FUSTIAN 

A  War-Time  Story  of  Indiana.     By  CAROLINE 

BROWN.     $1.50. 

"  It  is  a  strong  study  of  a  phase  of  our  great  war 
time  —  of  decided  literary  and  historical  value." — The 
Independent. 

FROM  SAND  HILL  TO  PINE 

By  BRET  HARTE.     $1.25. 

"  We  could  not  resist  the  temptation  to  read  a  new 
story  by  Mr.  Harte  if  we  tried,  and  we  never  regret 
having  read  it." — New  York  Tribune. 

A  DANVIS  PIONEER 

By  ROWLAND  E.  ROBINSON,  author  of  "  Danvis 

Folk."     $1.25. 

"  An  admirable  historical  romance,  interesting  to  the 
boy  for  its  fighting  and  hunting,  to  the  youth  for  the 
series  of  sentimental  experiences  which  fall  to  its  hero's 
share,  and  to  the  graybeard  for  the  positive  illumina- 
tion it  throws  upon  the  settling  of  Vermont  and  the 
battles  there  during  the  Revolution." —  Chicago  Even- 
ing Post. 


ROBERT  TOURNAY 

A  ROMANCE  OF  THE  FRENCH  REVOLUTION. 
By  WILLIAM  SAGE.     Illustrated.     $1.50. 
"  An  exciting  tale  of  exciting  times,  and  historical 
scenes  are  graphically  reproduced." — The  Living  Age 
(Boston). 

POOR  PEOPLE 

By  I.  K.  FRIEDMAN.      $1.50. 
"  A  story  of  tenement  life.     The  absolute  accuracy 
and  sympathetic  fidelity  to  life  are  wonderfully  effective. 
There  is  more  human  nature  in  this  book  than  in  many 
of  the  best  novels  of  the  day." — Boston  Herald. 

THE  BURDEN   OF  CHRISTOPHER 

By  FLORENCE  CONVERSE,  author  of  "  Diana 

Victrix."     $1.50. 

"This  stirring  romance  seizes  upon  the  dramatic 
possibilities  suggested  by  the  struggle  of  a  generous, 
sanguine,  hot-headed  philanthropist.  .  .  .  The  story  is 
powerful,  told  with  unusual  skill  and  impressiveness." 
— The  Watchman  (Boston). 

THE  PRELUDE  AND  THE  PLAY 

By  RUFUS  MANN.     $1.50. 

"  The  book  is  interesting  from  its  thoroughly  Amer- 
ican atmosphere,  and  from  the  delightful  delineation  of 
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the  New  England  university  town." — The  New  York 
Commercial  A  dvertiser. 

THE  QUEEN'S  GARDEN 

By  Mrs.  M.  E.  M.  DAVIS,  author  of  "  Under  the 

Man- Fig,"  "  The  Wire  Cutters."    $1.25. 
"  A  charming  little  romance,  the  story  of  a  week 
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BRIDE  ROSES 
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1900.]  THE    DIAL 


READY 

THE  HEARTS  HIGHWAY 

An  Historical  Romance  of  Virginia  in  the     : 
-—       Seventeenth  Century       -,—-:- --•••''> 

BY 

I  MARY  E.  WILKINS 

MISTRESS  MARY  CAVENDISH  had  a  "  tabby  petticoat  of  a  crimson  color, 
and  a  crimson  satin  bodice  shining  over  her  arms  and  shoulders  like  the 
plumage  of  a  bird,  and  down  her  back  streamed  her  curls,  shining  like  gold  under 
her  gauze  love-hood."  This  young  lady  certainly  lends  charm  to  the  opening  of 
Miss  Wilkins's  first  venture  in  the  field  of  historical  romance,  nor  does  the  rest  of 
the  story  belie  this  auspicious  beginning.  The  novel  is  designedly  more  subjective 
than  most  members  of  its  class,  but  the  development  of  personality  is  at  no  expense 
of  movement  or  interest,  the  scene  being  laid  just  after  Bacon's  Rebellion,  and  a 
dramatic  incident  being  the  destruction  of  the  young  tobacco  crop  to  elude  the 
Navigation  Act. 

Size,  5.1x8};  Pages,  about  300;  Illustrated  by  Fred  M.  Du  Mond ; 
Binding,  cloth,  decorated.     Price,  $1.50. 


JUST  ISSUED. 

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FIELD  AND  IRWIN'S  "STANFORD  STORIES" 1  25 

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Free  Press. 

GLASGOW'S  "THE  VOICE  OF  THE  PEOPLE."     (12th  Thousand) 150 

"Vital  with  sincere  and  noble  purpose." — New  York  Times. 

BLANCHAN'S  »  NATURE'S  GARDEN."     (5th  thousand) net    3  00 

"  Never  before  has  the  whole  wonderful  scheme  of  the  perpetuation  of  flowers  by  insects  been 
so  extensively  treated." — New  York  Mail  and  Express. 

DE  FOREST'S  "  PARIS  AS  IT  IS."     2d  Printing net     I  25 

"  A  guide  book  idealized  —  written  by  a  brilliant  American  woman  with  keen  powers  of  per- 
ception."— New  York  Sun. 

Doubleday,  Page  &  Company,  34  Union  Square  E.,  New  York 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


12  GOOD  BOOKS  12 


Count  Tolstoy 

RESURRECTION 


By  the  author  of  " Anna  Karenina"  "  War  and  Peace"  etc.     12mo,  cloth,  illustrated,  $1.50. 
"  As  we  close  this  book  of  his  old  age,  we  are  tempted  to  declare  that,  take  it  all  in  all,  it  is  the 
greatest  work  of  its  great  author." — New  York  Times. 


Max  Temberton 
FEO 

By  the  author  of  "  Kronstadt,"  etc.    12mo,  cloth,  illus- 
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No.  S38. 


JULY  1,  1900.         Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


CERTAIN    CHARACTERISTICS    OF    THE 

I-NOVEL.    Katharine  Merrill 11 

TRAVELS  BY  LAND  AND  SEA.  E.  G.  J.  .  .  15 
Cobbold's  Innermost  Asia.  —  Ward's  Pyramids  and 
Progress. —  Wood's  In  the  Valley  of  the  Rhone. — 
Smith's  Temperate  Chile. —  Adney's  The  Klondike 
Stampede.  —  Miss  Morley's  Down  North  and  Up 
Along.  —  Merrick's  With  a  Palette  in  Eastern 
Palaces.  —  Le  Gallienne's  Travels  in  England.  — 
"Israfel's"  Ivory  Apes  and  Peacocks. 

THINGS  OUT  OF  DOORS.     Wallace  Eice  ....    19 
Ingersoll's  Nature's  Calendar.  —  Abbott's  In  Na- 
ture's Realm.  —  Mrs.  Dana's  How  to  Know  the  Wild 
Flowers.  — Miss  Lounsberry's  A  Guide  to  the  Trees. 

—  Miss  Keeler's  Our  Native  Trees.  —  Keeler's  Bird 
Notes  Afield. — Dugmore's  Bird  Homes. —  Chapman's 
Bird  Studies  with  a  Camera. 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  ...  21 
Allen's  The  Reign  of  Law.  —  Partridge's  The  Angel 
of  Clay.  —  Chambers's  The  Cambric  Mask.  — 
Chambers's  The  Conspirators.  —  Miss  Johnston's  To 
Have  and  To  Hold.  —  Miss  Smith's  Mary  Paget. — 
Miss  Glasgow's  The  Voice  of  the  People.  —  Miss 
Brown's  Knights  in  Fustian.  —  Barry's  Arden 
Massiter.  —  Miss  Taylor's  The  House  of  the  Wizard. 

—  Miss  Taylor's  The  Cardinal's  Musketeer. — Locke's 
The  White  Dove.  —  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Castle's  The  Bath 
Comedy.  —  Weyman's  Sophia. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 25 

Primitive  love  and  love-stories.  —  The  earth  as  a 
battle-field.  —  The  story  of  China  as  a  nation. — 
"Catering  to  the  sky-line."  —  The  19th  century  as 
we  might  wish  it  to  be.  —  The  progress  of  modern 
science.  —  A  cyclopaedia  of  correspondence  and  her- 
aldry. —  A  lawyer's  notes  on  Bacon-Shakespeare.— 
Palmistry,  with  modern  adaptations.  —  The  plaint  of 
a  disquieted  Christian.  —  A  barren  philosophy  of 
Anthropology. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 29 

NOTES 29 

ONE  HUNPRED  BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER  READ- 
ING    30 

( A  select  list  of  some  recent  publications. ) 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS  .....    31 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS 31 


CERTAIN  CHARACTERISTICS   OF 
THE  I-NOVEL. 

A  German  novelist  and  critic,  Spielhagen, 
has  called  the  attention  of  students  of  the  novel 
to  certain  characteristics  that  seem  to  distin- 
guish narratives  related  in  the  first  person 
from  those  told  in  the  third  person.  The 
novel  of  the  first  person  he  has  called,  with  the 
facility  of  his  language  in  the  coining  of  tech- 
nical terms,  der  Ich- Roman,  the  I-novel ;  and 
the  phrase  is  apt  enough,  perhaps,  to  excuse  an 
attempt  to  include  it  in  English  critical  term- 
inology. Though  Spielhagen  applies  the  word 
especially  to  an  autobiographical  novel,  many 
of  his  remarks  have  an  application  to  the  struc- 
ture of  narrative  of  the  first  person  that  is 
generic.  The  autobiographical  quality,  indeed, 
must  in  any  case  be  relative ;  and  it  is  my  pur- 
pose to  study  on  Spielhagen's  lines  a  few 
novels  that  are  not  autobiographical. 

Yet  if  an  autobiographical  novel  is  cast  in 
the  first  person,  its  directness  of  form  makes 
it  seem  to  most  readers  more  lifelike  and  con- 
vincing. It  gains  thereby  an  added  degree 
of  personal  closeness.  Directness,  therefore, 
and  a  resulting  capacity  for  intensity  are  the 
qualities  first  remarked  as  belonging  to  the 
I-structure.  How  inherent  these  are  may  be 
proved  by  the  great  difference  in  the  nature  of 
some  of  the  novels  that  the  I-form  helps  to 
vitalize.  From  Stevenson's  "  Treasure  Island  " 
to  Kingsley's  "  Alton  Locke  "  and  to  Bronte's 
"  Jane  Eyre  "  is  a  far  cry ;  none  of  these  is  in 
any  large  sense  autobiographical,  yet  they  all 
possess  an  unusual  degree  of  vividness.  They 
are  representatives  of  three  distinct  classes, — 
the  story  of  adventure,  the  tract-novel,  and  the 
novel  of  passion.  Each  of  these  kinds,  if  well 
written,  is  likely  to  be  intense,  but  for  different 
reasons.  The  story  of  adventure  of  the  type  of 
Stevenson's  is  intense  through  the  excitement 
aroused  by  following  the  incidents.  The  tract- 
novel,  written  with  the  express  purpose  of  set- 
ting forth  the  author's  ideas  on  moral  or  public 
questions,  is  likely  to  be  intense  through  the 
writer's  earnestness  of  feeling  and  purpose. 
And  the  novel  of  passion,  if  it  really  succeeds 
in  delineating  some  great  primary  emotion,  is 
thereby  certain  to  be  intense. 

Now  this  intensity  in  the  nature  of  the  ma- 


12 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


terial  is  at  once  aided  by  the  first-person  form 
of  discourse.  The  form  agrees  with  the  spirit 
it  clothes.  The  truth  of  this  analysis  receives 
some  proof  by  the  absence,  in  the  three  novels 
mentioned,  of  diversity  of  characterization  and 
multiplicity  of  interests.  "  Treasure  Island  " 
shows  little  breadth  of  characterization,  though 
it  reveals  some  vivid  figures  ;  and  its  interest  is 
single.  "  Alton  Locke  "  has  a  gifted  tailor  for 
a  hero,  and  is  concerned  with  portraying  him 
as  a  tailor  and  a  workman.  Conditions,  rather 
than  people,  are  pictured  and  characterized, 
and  these  conditions  are  strictly  limited  both  in 
extent  and  time.  Compared  with  "  Marcella," 
for  example,  which  is  less  distinctly  a  tract- 
novel,  "  Alton  Locke  "  has  a  much  more  con- 
fined range  of  interest  and  characterization. 
"  Jane  Eyre "  is  remarkable  for  its  narrow 
range,  for  its  singleness  of  effect.  Two  per- 
sons, two  only,  stand  out  in  high  relief  from  a 
background  offering  little  variety  of  scenery, 
personage,  or  incident.  We  pass  far  into  the 
hearts  of  those  two,  and  that  suffices.  "  The 
Vicar  of  Wakefield,"  also  an  I-novel  and  one 
not  closely  autobiographical,  has  again  not 
much  diversity  of  character,  incident,  or  con- 
dition. This  novel  is  the  history  of  a  group 
rather  than  of  one ;  but  of  strictly  narrative 
material  it  contains  little  not  directly  connected 
with  this  immortal  group.  None  of  these  novels 
attempts  to  give  the  life  of  a  community, 
none  of  them  possesses  epic  fulness ;  none 
of  them  accomplishes  an  equally  full,  just, 
and  lively  delineation  of  several  personages, 
such  as  is  found  in  many  third- person  novels. 
They  contrast  markedly  in  this  particular  with 
"  Middlemarch,"  for  example,  with  its  complex 
plot,  its  skilful  portrayal  of  diverse  character, 
and  its  varied  background ;  or,  again  with 
Meredith's  "Egoist,"  where,  though  a  relatively 
small  company  of  persons  is  studied,  and  the 
background  is  slight,  we  yet  find  subtle  and 
elaborate  analysis  of  one  after  another  of  the 
chief  figures.  To  such  work  as  this  the  I-form 
is  not  adapted. 

The  reason  for  this  is  that  the  I-form  com- 
pels a  certain  unity  or  singleness  of  structure 
because  of  the  structural  importance  of  the 
narrator.  The  whole  story  must,  of  course, 
pass  through  the  mind  of  the  I-narrator ;  he 
must  be  present  everywhere,  and  in  a  way  ab- 
sorb everything  into  himself.  Unity  of  material 
is  indeed  not  required  ;  for  this  structural  unity 
dependent  on  the  narrator  is  so  inherent  that 
it  can  hold  together  a  great  diversity  of  mate- 
rial. This  is  why  in  a  story  of  adventure  of 


the  picaresque  type,  in  which  there  is  little 
logical  connection  between  incidents  and  slight 
study  of  character,  there  is  nevertheless  one 
kind  of  structural  unity :  —  the  unity,  namely, 
of  a  biography.  But  in  such  stories  concen- 
tration or  intensity  of  feeling  is  impossible. 
"  Roderick  Random,"  here  used  as  representa- 
tive of  this  type,  shows  life  from  many  points 
of  view,  and  has  a  varied  background.  Yet 
everything  is  seen  superficially,  and  is  sub- 
jected to  the  demands  of  the  hero  in  his  role  of 
adventurer.  In  fact,  the  I-novel  of  the  single- 
narrator  type  cannot,  or  at  least  does  not,  as 
the  third-person  form  may,  include  both  breadth 
and  intensity.  Dickens's  "  Copperfield  "  and 
"  Great  Expectations "  (of  the  novels  here 
studied)  most  nearly  succeed  in  doing  this. 
And  yet  the  quality  of  these  I-novels  is  not 
essentially  different  from  that  of  Dickens's 
other  stories,  and  it  is  not  the  quality  (it  lacks, 
indeed,  the  element  of  intensity)  of  either 
"  The  Egoist,"  "  Jane  Eyre,"  or  "  Treasure 
Island."  Looked  at  from  this  point  of  view, 
Dickens's  I-novels  are  more  akin  to  "  Roderick 
Random." 

This  structural  importance  of  the  narrator  is 
certainly  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  charac- 
teristics of  the  I-novel.  The  narrator  always 
remains  the  structural  centre,  even  if  he  is  by 
no  means  the  most  interesting  personage.  In 
a  story  like  "  Cranford,"  where  the  narrator 
scarcely  claims  the  reader's  attention,  he  yet 
remains  the  connecting  link  or  the  motive 
power  of  a  whole  group,  furnishing  —  so  far  as 
there  is  any  —  the  logic  of  their  appearances 
and  behavior. 

But  if  the  I-form  can  partially  unify  diver- 
sity and  reinforce  intensity,  it  yet  has  also 
special  off-setting  difficulties.  The  problem  of 
legitimacy,  of  rendering  natural  the  narrator's 
knowledge  and  ignorance,  his  presence  and  his 
absence,  his  acting  and  his  not  acting,  is  not 
easy  of  solution.  The  difficulty  peculiar  to  the 
I-form  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  narrator  is  a 
double  personage.  Logically,  he  of  course  rep- 
resents the  author,  yet  he  is  also  a  figure  in 
the  story.  As  author  he  is  bound  —  if  the 
novel  is  to  have  the  higher  artistic  effects  of 
which  narrative  is  capable  —  to  prepare  the 
reader  for  what  is  to  come.  Being  the  pivot 
on  which  the  structure  turns,  he  rather  than 
the  other  personages  must  carry  the  chief  bur- 
den of  this  preparation.  Yet  as  one  of  the 
figures  in  the  story,  the  narrator  must  himself 
not  see  what  it  is  too  early  for  him  to  see  ;  and 
even  after  he  has  the  knowledge  that  would 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL, 


13 


naturally  lead  to  action,  he  must  not  act  before 
the  proper  time.  He  must  be  a  transparent 
medium  through  which  the  reader  may  dimly 
behold  the  future,  himself  remaining  passive, 
unresisting,  and  unperceiving  ;  nevertheless,  he 
is  supposed  to  be  endowed  with  the  usual  de- 
gree of  intelligence  and  activity.  This  is  the 
crux  of  the  I-form.  How  shall  this  double 
personality  be  maintained  with  lifelikeness  ? 
How  solve  the  problem  that  demands  from  the 
narrator  enlightenment  of  the  reader  and  at 
the  same  time  blindness  or  inaction  in  himself? 
The  magnitude  of  the  problem  of  legitimacy 
is  apparent  when  a  master  like  Stevenson  re- 
sorts to  such  a  trick  as  that  on  which  "  Treas- 
ure Island  "  hinges,  —  the  boy-hero,  with  no 
malice  prepense,  climbing  into  'a  nearly  empty 
apple-barrel  and  falling  asleep ;  to  be  oppor- 
tunely waked  to  hear  the  treachery  of  the  ship's 
crew.  The  hero's  knowledge  of  what  occurs  on 
the  island  —  aside  from  what  happens  to  him- 
self, which  is  far  more  important  —  is  legiti- 
mated by  making  him  an  eaves-dropper. 
Indeed,  eaves-dropping  or  accidental  overhear- 
ing is  a  device  used  in  nearly  every  one  of  the 
novels  here  studied.  Accident  is,  of  course, 
an  easy  mode  of  legitimation.  It  necessarily 
plays  some  part  in  any  picture  of  life,  but  the 
reader  dislikes  the  too  frequent  or  the  too 
opportune  accident.  "  Roderick  Random,"  for 
example,  uses  chance  so  abundantly  and  so 
unskilfully  as  fairly  to  arouse  resentment. 
The  problem  of  legitimacy  here,  as  in  other 
similar  stories,  chiefly  concerns  the  sudden 
changes  of  fortune  undergone  by  the  hero ;  and 
these  are  due,  not  to  his  character,  but  to  a 
stroke  of  good  or  ill  luck.  "  The  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field  "  shows  especially  the  difficulty  of  bring- 
ing the  persons  together  ;  a  difficulty  naturally 
greater  after  the  narrator  is  in  prison,  where  he 
is  nevertheless  to  meet  all  the  others.  Nor  is 
the  problem  well  solved  in  "  Jane  Eyre."  Here 
the  preparation  of  the  reader  is  directly  and 
seriously  at  variance  with  the  needed  ignorance 
of  the  heroine.  How  can  Jane  come  so  near 
the  lunatic  as  she  does,  and  witness  so  much 
of  the  results  of  frensy,  without  divining  the 
truth  ?  Her  ignorance  is  legitimated,  but  hardly 
adequately,  by  Rochester's  preliminary  order 
to  withhold  all  knowledge  of  the  crazy  woman 
from  the  governess,  and  later  by  his  personal 
care  to  silence  any  suspicions  she  has.  Scrutiny 
of  the  plot  reveals  other  improbabilities  ;  but  of 
this  novel  the  incidents  and  the  plot,  though 
single  and  strong  in  places,  are  swallowed  up 
in  the  intensity  with  which  the  author  presents 


the  themes  of  love,  separation,  and  reunion. 
To  her  the  presenting  means  must  have  been  a 
minor  matter.  The  novels  analyzed  seem  to 
show  that  the  I-structure  is  especially  effective 
in  a  story  built  upon  adventure  or  upon  some 
masterful  passion  or  personality.  In  these 
cases  the  problem  of  legitimacy,  while  always 
obstinate,  no  doubt,  is  nevertheless  capable  of 
a  somewhat  satisfactory  solution  because  of  the 
dominance  of  the  narrator-hero,  or  because  of 
the  limited  range  of  interests  necessary  to  suc- 
cess. Obviously  the  novels  of  Dickens  do  not 
belong  wholly  to  either  of  these  classes  or  to 
the  type  represented  by  "  Roderick  Random." 
They  seem  to  be  organized  according  to  no  rule 
or  pattern,  are  often  carelessly  organized  and 
extended  beyond  due  bounds.  With  all  their 
complexity  one  expects  the  problem  of  legiti- 
mation in  "  David  Copperfield  "  and  "  Great 
Expectations  "  to  assume  unusual  proportions. 
But  Dickens  is  helped  by  the  very  looseness  of 
his  structure.  Neither  of  these  novels  has  a 
scenic  plot-centre  —  a  scene  that  brings  all  the 
personages  together  in  a  confusion  or  a  combi- 
nation of  interests.  The  heroes  are  accordingly 
never  obliged  to  meet  many  of  the  persons  at 
once,  and  the  connection  of  scene  with  scene  is 
made  largely  by  their  own  voluntary  acts. 
Moreover,  in  the  structure  of  the  stories  there 
are  some  ragged  ends.  If  the  legitimation, 
therefore,  is  not  uncommonly  difficult  in  these 
long  and  intricate  I-novels,  this  is  chiefly  be- 
cause Dickens  evades  it,  as  he  does  also  in  his 
third-person  novels. 

One  other  difference  in  the  structure  of  the 
two  forms  of  narrative  is  noticeable.  It  con- 
sists in  the  treatment  accorded  author's  com- 
ment. 

Author's  comment  is  a  term  applied  to  what- 
ever departs  from  pure  narrative  by  way  either 
of  generalization  from  individual  instances,  of 
direct  address  to  the  reader,  or  of  expression 
of  feeling  not  dramatized  in  some  personage, 
but  seen  to  be  the  author's  own.  In  the  third- 
person  novel  such  reflection  or  appeal  is  re- 
garded by  some  critics  as  not  properly  a  part 
of  the  story.  However  apt  it  may  be,  or 
pleasant  to  the  reader,  from  the  standpoint  of 
narrative  structure  it  is  declared  to  be  an 
excrescence,  because  it  is  not  objectified  in  the 
thoughts  and  acts  of  the  personages  but  re- 
mains separate  and  abstract.  In  any  piece  of 
fiction,  comment  closely  approaches  logically 
the  narrative  of  thoughts  much  used  in  modern 
novels  as  a  means  of  character-analysis.  Log- 
ically, this  narrative  of  thoughts  is  in  part  the 


14 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


author's  comment  upon  the  character  he  is 
portraying;  but  structurally  it  holds  a  different 
relation  to  the  work  from  that  of  the  comment 
defined  above,  because  it  is  objectified  and 
individualized,  and  is  thus  truly  incorporated 
with  the  narrative.  Now  the  peculiarity  of  the 
I-form  is  that  it  objectifies  and  incorporates 
all  comment  by  making  it  the  direct  utterance 
of  the  I-narrator.  Critics  who  object  to  com- 
ment in  the  third-person  form  must  admit  that 
in  I-narrative  it  gains  the  structural  right  of 
entrance,  because  the  narrator  is  present  in  his 
own  story  and  has  full  liberty  to  relate  either 
his  deeds  or  his  thoughts.  In  the  I-novel, 
accordingly,  the  relation  between  narrative  of 
thoughts  and  author's  comment  in  the  strict 
sense  is  sometimes  so  close  as  to  make  the  dif- 
ference almost  indistinguishable.  The  differ- 
ence lies,  however,  so  far  as  it  may  be  perceived 
at  all,  in  the  fact  of  generalization.  Author's 
comment  becomes  objectified,  indeed,  to  the 
extent  that  it  is  uttered  by  the  I-narrator  ;  but 
yet  it  is  only  half  dramatized,  it  may  still  serve 
the  author's  philanthropic  or  homiletic  purpose, 
it  still  stops  the  narrative  of  events ;  it  is  gen- 
eralized, and  thus  it  has  the  value  of  an  essay 
or  a  sermon.  If  the  comment,  however,  springs 
really  from  the  thoughtful  habit  of  mind  in 
the  author,  the  statements  just  made  presup- 
pose some  identity  between  the  author  and  the 
hypothetical  narrator.  And  this  fact  points  to 
what  seems  to  be  actually  the  case,  that  in 
I-novels  wherein  there  is  but  slight  spiritual 
relationship  to  the  author  —  in  stories  he  has 
told  for  the  sake  of  spinning  a  yarn  —  not  much 
comment  is  recognizable  as  author's  reflection. 
Stevenson's  stories  are  an  instance.  But  in  all 
I-novels  where  there  is  close  relationship  be- 
tween the  author  and  the  narrator,  comment  may 
be  expected  and  its  legitimacy  fully  granted. 

Nevertheless,  the  structural  incorporation 
thus  of  author's  comment  is  a  two  -  edged 
weapon.  Though  greater  freedom  is  thereby 
allowed  the  author  to  reflect  on  life,  to  discuss 
moral  or  public  questions,  than  could  be  easily 
admitted  in  a  third-person  novel,  yet  this  same 
freedom  tempts  him  to  pass  beyond  the  bounds 
of  liveliness  or  of  naturalness.  He  is  tempted, 
if  he  has  at  heart  some  great  question,  to  make 
the  I-narrator  the  mouthpiece  of  his  anxieties 
and  his  plans  to  such  an  extent  that  the  novel 
becomes  a  tract,  a  servant  of  the  age  without 
permanent  artistic  value.  This  is  true  of 
"  Alton  Locke."  Or,  the  author  is  tempted  to 
overlay  the  narrative  with  such  an  amount  of 
observation  and  reflection,  part  of  which  may 


be  inconsistent  with  the  person  uttering  it,  that 
the  novel  loses  its  dramatic  interest  without 
being  recompensed  by  the  logical  fulness  and 
consistency  of  a  treatise.  This  is  illustrated  by 
Besant's  novel  "  Dorothy  Wallis."  The  I-nar- 
rator becomes  in  such  cases  as  these,  so  far  as 
he  is  a  fictitious  personage,  a  victim  of  the 
author's  zeal  for  humanity,  and  is  immolated 
on  the  altar  of  progress. 

Possibly  few  things  furnish  a  better  test  of 
the  character  of  a  novelist's  gift  than  the  fre- 
quency of  his  comment  and  the  nature  of  the 
things  he  says.  "  Jane  Eyre,"  though  it  has 
scattered  addresses  to  the  reader,  is  uncom- 
monly free  from  reflection  as  a  thing  apart 
from  the  body  of  the  story.  The  nature  of  the 
work  is  almost  purely  narrative.  Dickens's 
I-novels  show  the  same  slightness  of  reflection 
as  on  the  whole  is  usual  in  his  works.  His 
gift  is  not  in  the  direction  of  thought.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  Smollett.  On  the  other 
hand,  Kingsley's  book,  overloaded  with  com- 
ment and  not  ballasted  by  a  dramatic  plot, 
proves  him  a  moralist  and  a  preacher  quite  as 
readily  as  do  his  sermons  or  his  fondness  for 
quoting  Carlyle.  "  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield," 
perhaps  the  most  truly  genial  of  any  of  these 
books,  is  after  all  weighted  with  no  small  amount 
of  eighteenth  century  sententiousness.  One  or 
two  chapters  are  entirely  filled  with  abstract 
essays,  curiously  legitimated  by  being  delivered 
as  sermons  by  the  Vicar.  A  similar  device  is 
used  by  Kingsley.  To  Sterne,  of  course,  one 
turns  for  examples  par  excellence  of  comment ; 
since,  indeed,  the  comment  in  some  sense 
vitalizes  his  work.  But  in  this  as  in  other 
things  "  Tristram  Shandy  "  illustrates  not  the 
ordinary  workings  of  the  I-structure ;  rather 
only  some  of  its  peculiarities  exaggerated  into 
fantastic  oddity.  Hence,  after  all,  it  may  be 
said  that  though  I-narrative  doubtless  in  theory 
allows  comment,  none  of  the  novels  here  an- 
alyzed, except  the  two  mentioned,  makes  much 
undue  use  of  the  liberty ;  and  the  remark  sug- 
gests itself  that  even  an  I-novel  is  an  uncertain 
vehicle  for  social  or  philosophical  disquisition. 

Other  characteristics  and  other  forms  of 
I-narrative  must  be  studied  before  positive 
conclusions  can  be  reached  concerning  its  na- 
ture ;  perhaps,  however,  enough  has  here  been 
done  to  show  that  the  I-form  adapts  itself  with 
remarkable  ease  either  to  material  intense  and 
concentrated  in  feeling,  or  to  material  which, 
subordinating  emotion,  is  flowing  and  compre- 
hensive in  incident. 

KATHARINE  MERRILL. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


15 


o0hs. 


TRAVELS  BY  LAND  AND  SEA.* 

Information  about  the  Pamir  region  of  Cen- 
tral Asia  —  that  once  terra  incognita  to  the 
north  of  the  Hindu-Kush  range  poetically 
known  as  the  Roof  of  the  World  —  is  now  ac- 
cessible in  a  number  of  good  books  written 
from  different  political  view-points.  The  re- 
gion is  a  rather  tempting  one  to  the  explorer 
and  the  sportsman ;  but  perhaps  its  chief  in- 
terest just  now  lies  in  the  fact  that  it  marks 
the  point  where  the  jurisdictions  of  three  Em- 
pires, the  British,  the  Russian,  and  the  Chi- 
nese, meet  in  rivalry  —  although  the  China- 
man does  not  seem  to  count  for  much  there 
as  a  competitor. 

The  latest  literary  traveller  in  this  debatable 
land  of  high  plateau  and  towering  peak  is  Mr. 
Ralph  P.  Cobbold,  who  records  his  experiences 
and  impressions,  and  gives  vent  to  some  very 
decided  opinions,  in  a  handsome  volume  of 
350  odd  pages  entitled  "  Innermost  Asia." 
Mr.  Cobbold's  book  is  ostensibly  and  essen- 
tially a  story  of  travel  and  sport  in  the  Pamirs  ; 
but,  as  a  Briton  of  the  strenuous  type  and  an 
ex-officer  in  the  army  to  boot,  he  does  not  let 
slip  the  opportunity  to  dilate  vigorously  on  the 
political  questions  connected  with  the  country 
he  visited.  It  is  due  to  Mr.  Cobbold  to  say 
that  a  portion  of  the  country  he  saw  has  never 
before  been  viewed  by  an  Englishman,  and  that 
his  enforced  detention  by  Russian  officials  at 
an  outlying  post  gave  him  an  exceptional  op- 
portunity for  studying  Russian  administrative 
methods  in  newly  annexed  territory.  These 
methods  are  partly  exemplified  in  the  following 
incident : 

*  INNERMOST  ASIA  :  Travel  and  Sport  in  the  Pamirs.  By 
Ralph  P.  Cobbold.  Illustrated.  New  York :  Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons. 

PYRAMIDS  AND  PROGRESS:  Sketches  from  Egypt.  By 
John  Ward,  F.S.A.;  with  introduction  by  Rev.  Professor 
Sayce.  Illustrated.  New  York :  E.  &  J.  B  Young  &  Co. 

IN  THE  VALLEY  OP  THE  RHONE.  By  Charles  W.  Wood, 
F.R.G.S.  Illustrated.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

TEMPERATE  CHILE  :  A  Progressive  Spain.  By  W.  Ander- 
son Smith.  With  frontispiece.  New  York  :  The  Macmillan 
Co. 

THE  KLONDIKE  STAMPEDE.  By  Tappan  Adney.  Illus- 
trated. New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

DOWN  NORTH  AND  UP  ALONG.  By  Margaret  Warner 
Morley.  Illustrated.  New  York :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

WITH  A  PALETTE  IN  EASTERN  PALACES.  By  E.  M.  Mer- 
rick.  Illustrated.  New  York  :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

TRAVELS  IN  ENGLAND.  By  Richard  Le  Gallienne.  Illus- 
trated. New  York :  John  Lane. 

IVORY  APES  AND  PEACOCKS.  By  "  Israfel."  New  York  : 
A.  Weasels  Co. 


"  One  day  I  had  an  interesting  opportunity  of  seeing 
how  the  Russian  conquerors  treat  their  subject  races. 
I  happened  to  be  at  the  Consulate  when  an  Andijani 
merchant  called  on  some  business,  and  was  promptly 
invited  to  enter.  He  was  treated  as  an  honored  guest ; 
the  Russian  officers  chatted  with  him  on  terms  of  inti- 
macy, and  to  watch  him  seated  in  the  Consul's  private 
room  as  he  partook  of  tea  and  fruit  one  would  have 
supposed  him  to  be  a  cherished  friend.  The  following 
morning  I  observed  the  same  merchant  making  a  hur- 
ried exit  through  the  Consulate  gates,  his  progress  be- 
ing skilfully  accelerated  by  the  whips  of  the  Cossacks. 
From  inquiries  I  gathered  that  the  merchant  had  done 
something  of  which  the  Consul-General  did  not  approve, 
or  had  failed  to  do  something  which  Petrovsky  wished 
him  to  do." 

Nor  do  the  Russian  proconsuls,  as  it  seems, 
hesitate  to  resort  to  extreme  measures  of  com- 
pulsion with  Chinese  officials,  even  where  the 
latter  are,  with  the  Russians,  in  joint  control 
of  the  district.  For  instance,  at  Kashgar,  the 
resident  mandarin,  or  Taotai,  proving  stubborn 
on  some  small  point  of  disagreement,  it  was 
arranged  to  lure  him  into  the  Consulate  under 
the  pretence  of  treating  him  to  a  Russian  vapor 
bath.  A  treat  of  a  very  different  order,  how- 
ever, was  in  store  for  the  learned  Confucian 
and  representative  of  the  Dragon  Throne.  It 
was  arranged  that  while  the  great  man  was  en- 
joying his  ablutions  he  was  to  be  seized  by 
four  stout  Cossacks  and  soundly  whipped  until 
his  mind  was  open  to  a  rational,  or  Russian, 
view  of  the  point  in  dispute.  Thus,  as  Prince 
Ukhtomsky  beautifully  says,  is  the  advance  of 
Holy  Russia  in  the  Orient  inspired  by  her 
motto,  "  Power  lies  not  in  strength,  but  in  love." 

It  was  on  September  13,  1897,  that  Mr. 
Cobbold  set  out  from  Srinagar,  by  the  military 
road  through  Gilgit  and  Hunza,  on  his  long- 
planned  visit  to  the  Pamirs.  After  an  inter- 
esting and  adventurous  two-months'  journey  he 
reached  Kashgar,  where  a  rather  protracted 
stay  furnished  him  material  for  a  pleasant 
chapter.  Vierny,  nearly  five  hundred  miles 
distant,  was  the  next  considerable  halting- 
point,  and  here  the  author  enjoyed  a  tiger- 
hunt.  We  say  enjoyed,  although  at  one  time 
the  tables  were  very  near  being  turned  on  Mr. 
Cobbold,  the  reader  being  wrought  up  to  a 
pleasing  pitch  of  uncertainty  as  to  whether  in 
the  end  it  was  going  to  be  the  gentleman  or 
the  tiger.  From  Vierny  Mr.  Cobbold  returned 
to  Kashgar,  where  he  obtained  a  permit  to 
visit  the  Russian  Pamirs.  This  privilege  led 
to  an  arduous  journey  and  some  trying  adven- 
tures, as  well  as  to  an  object-lesson  in  the 
methods  of  Russian  officials,  who  detained  Mr. 
Cobbold  for  some  time  as  a  prisoner  on  parole, 
in  spite  of  his  permit  and  his  sacrosanct  quality 


16 


THE    DIAL, 


[July  1, 


as  a  British  subject.  Freed  from  the  clutches 
of  his  polite  and  hospitable  but  inexorable 
captors  (who  seem  to  have  regarded  him  as  a 
possible  spy),  Mr.  Cobbold  resumed  his  jour- 
ney in  no  sentimental  mood,  and  on  July  7 
crossed  the  Chinese  frontier,  of  which  he  says  : 
"  I  confess  that  at  this  part  of  my  journey  I  felt  par- 
ticularly radiant.  I  had  realized  my  ambition  to  visit 
the  mighty  Oxus  in  that  part  of  its  course  which  is 
quite  unknown  to  Englishmen.  I  had  crossed  the  dis- 
trict of  Roshan,  and  visited  the  unknown  region  of 
Shighnan,  which  had  been  closed  to  Europeans  ever 
since  they  had  been  under  Muscovite  dominion.  I  had 
crossed  the  Panja  and  visited  the  outermost  stronghold 
of  Afghan  power  at  Kala  Bar  Fanja,  and  I  had  seen 
the  inside  of  the  two  most  outlying  Russian  strongholds 
in  innermost  Asia,  and  I  realized  that  the  hardships  I 
had  met  with  had  not  been  endured  in  vain." 

Mr.  Cobbold's  book  will  be  found  both  en- 
tertaining and  instructive,  and  must,  we  think, 
take  rank  as  a  standard  work  of  reference  on 
the  subject.  Those  who  scout  its  political 
views  must  admit  the  value  of  its  descriptions. 
It  is  handsomely  illustrated  and  well  provided 
with  maps. 

Mr.  John  Ward's  charmingly  illustrated 
volume  of  travel-sketches  from  Egypt,  entitled 
"Pyramids  and  Progress,"  seems  almost  an 
ideal  book  for  the  use  of  tourists  looking  Nile- 
wards  who  wish  to  make  the  most  of  the  jour- 
ney in  the  way  of  both  pleasure  and  profit. 
As  Professor  Sayce  observes,  in  his  thoughtful 
Introduction,  the  traveller  who  would  learn  all 
that  a  voyage  up  the  Nile  can  teach  him  must 
have  the  seeing  eye  and  the  hearing  ear,  and 
possess,  moreover,  the  understanding  mind; 
and  it  is  for  such  that  Mr.  Ward's  book  is 
written.  Mr.  Ward  has  not  written  as  an  an- 
tiquarian merely.  In  his  descriptions,  infor- 
mation as  to  the  vestiges  of  ancient  Egyptian 
civilizations  is  judiciously  mingled  with  infor- 
mation as  to  the  Egypt  of  to-day,  the  land  of 
nascent  progress  in  which  Lord  Cromer  and 
his  staff  of  administrators  and  engineers  are 
working  so  many  wonders.  The  great  works 
of  irrigation  now  in  progress,  the  enormous 
barrages  and  reservoirs  destined  to  regulate 
the  flow,  check  the  waste,  and  double  the  area 
of  fertilization  of  the  Nile,  are  fully  described. 
Mr.  Ward's  scholarly  and  concise  book  is  a 
model  one  of  its  kind,  and  may  be  cordially 
recommended  to  the  intelligent  tourist,  and  to 
the  reader  in  quest  of  general  information. 

Reading  Mr.  Charles  W.  Wood's  chatty 
and  enthusiastic  account  of  his  tour  "  In  the 
Valley  of  the  Rhone"  is  nearly  as  good  as 
making  the  trip  one's  self  —  rather  better,  in- 


deed, in  some  regards  and  for  not  a  few  tem- 
peraments. As  Schopenhauer  says,  the  ex- 
pression "  to  enjoy  one's  self  at  Paris  "  instead 
of  "  to  enjoy  Paris  "  is  a  profoundly  accurate 
one.  At  all  events,  Mr.  Wood  clearly  has  the 
capacity  for  having  an  immensely  good  time, 
as  every  page  of  his  book  attests.  For  an 
F.R.G.S.,  he  seems  a  rather  sentimental  trav- 
eller, and  has  not,  we  think,  wholly  neglected 
the  immortal  model  of  the  historian  of  Father 
Lorenzo  and  the  caged  starling.  But  the  sug- 
gestion of  a  model  is  slight  and  unobtrusive ; 
and  of  good  set  description  and  nuggets  of  ac- 
tual information  in  the  guide-book  way  there  is 
no  lack.  Mr.  Wood's  starting-point  was  Mon- 
treux,  in  the  upper,  or  Swiss,  Rhone  valley  ; 
and  his  itinerary  for  this  region  embraced  the 
best  towns  of  the  cantons  of  Vaud  and  Valais 
—  Territet,  Caux,  Chillon,  Sion,  St.  Maurice, 
Martigny,  Orsieres,  Liddes,  Geneva.  The  St. 
Bernard  Hospice  was  visited,  of  course.  The 
lower  or  French  valley  was  "done"  in  leisurely 
fashion.  From  Lyons  a  delightful  excursion 
by  train  and  diligence  was  made  to  the  Au- 
vergne  district.  Aries  was  made  the  rallying- 
point  for  a  series  of  delightful  jaunts,  and  Mr. 
Wood  does  not  omit  the  customary  tribute  to 
the  fair  Arlesiennes. 

"  Fair  women  ?  They  are  indeed  fair  women.  We 
had  long  heard  of  the  charm  of  the  Arldsiennes.  but 
our  imagination  fell  short  of  the  truth.  We  never  an- 
ticipated such  a  galaxy  of  beauty  —  beauty  of  a  noble 
and  splendid  type.  They  are  said  to  have  retained  the 
old  Roman  type  of  the  earlier  centuries,  and  apparently 
it  is  so.  In  no  other  way  can  one  explain  the  phenom- 
enon —  for  it  is  nothing  less  than  a  wonder." 

A  trip  to  Aries  is  evidently  well  worth  while. 
Les  Baux,  Mont  Major,  St.  Remy,  La  Ca- 
margue,  St.  Gilles,  Aignes-Mortes,  Avignon, 
Villeneuve,  St.  Peray,  Vienne,  were  visited 
and  explored,  with  pleasant  results.  In  short, 
Mr.  Wood's  book  is  an  exceptionally  lively 
and  readable  one,  with  a  due  savor  of  litera- 
ture and  scholarship,  and  an  element  of  decided 
interest  and  charm  in  the  eighty-eight  artistic 
drawings  that  enrich  it. 

In  Mr.  W.  Anderson  Smith's  "  Temperate 
Chile  "  will  be  found  a  rather  severely  critical 
yet  friendly  and  impartial  account  of  that  en- 
ergetic and  combative  little  state,  its  people, 
politics,  resources,  customs,  and  geographical 
features.  The  book  is  soberly  written,  and 
with  a  view  to  the  instruction  rather  than  en- 
tertainment of  the  reader,  being  filled  with 
solid  information  and  carefully  drawn  conclu- 
sions. Mr.  Smith  evidently  believes  in  the 


1900.J 


THE    DIAL 


future  prosperity  and  political  stability  of  Chile, 
though  things  are  at  present  in  a  rather  raw  and 
inchoate  condition.  Intemperance  is  common, 
and  homicides  are  shockingly  frequent. 

"  When  a  large  bottle  of  very  strong  and  fiery  alco- 
holic spirit  can  be  bought  for  about  sixpence,  and  living 
is  otherwise  cheap,  the  natural  consequence  is  a  large 
consumption.  .  .  .  Scarcely  a  day  passes  in  Santiago 
without  two  or  three  murders;  and  it  is  commonly  as- 
serted and  believed  that  1,500  to  1,800  men  are  annu- 
ally victims  of  violence  between  Valparaiso  and  San- 
tiago." 

Chile  is  as  yet  but  nominally  republican,  many 
of  the  old  semi-aristocratic  or  oligarchic  au- 
thorities and  abuses  having,  in  point  of  fact, 
survived  the  Revolution,  and  a  more  or  less 
vicious  and  ignorant  priesthood  still  blights 
the  minds  and  morals  of  the  people. 

"  In  place  of  a  fresh  new  republican  tree  we  have  a 
weak  republican  graft  on  the  old  oligarchy,  that  re- 
mains still  largely  in  evidence.  The  wealth  seized  from 
Peru  has  aggravated  rather  than  relieved  the  situation. 
It  has  increased  the  number  of  parasites  removed  from 
the  possible  workers  in  the  more  beneficial  paths  of  in- 
dustry and  commerce.  Like  a  hive  of  bees  that  has 
robbed  its  neighbor,  Chile  is  in  danger  of  becoming  a 
nation  of  professional  thieves,  rather  than  steady  devel- 
opers of  its  undoubtedly  valuable  resources.  ...  A 
restraining  and  modifying  influence  is,  however,  ap- 
parent in  all  the  growing  centres  of  population.  The 
educated  and  struggling  middle  class  is  increasing  at  a 
far  greater  ratio  than  the  lower,  with  which  insanitary 
surroundings  and  ways  of  life,  aided  by  the  knife  and 
aguardiente,  wage  continual  and  effective  war.  The 
public  press  is  outspoken  and  increasingly  liberal,  edu- 
cation advancing  on  sound  lines,  and  every  act  of  gov- 
ernment criticized  keenly  and  discussed  with  heat  in 
every  bar  and  cafe." 

Those  in  need  of  solid  information  as  to  Chile's 
present  condition  and  her  outlook  should  not 
neglect  Mr.  Smith's  book.  It  has  an  index 
and  a  good  map. 

On  June  16, 1897,  the  steamer  "  Excelsior," 
of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  steamed 
to  her  dock  near  the  foot  of  Market  Street, 
San  Francisco ;  and  that  night  the  wires  flashed 
over  the  country  the  news  that  a  part  of  her 
cargo  was  $750,000  in  gold-dust,  an  earnest  of 
what  was  going  to  prove  the  richest  "  strike  " 
in  all  American  mining  history.  On  June  17, 
another  boat,  the  "  Portland,"  reached  Seattle, 
bringing  8800,000  more  of  what  newspaper 
economists  and  stump  orators  call  the  "  yellow 
metal ";  and  the  Coast  was  presently  "  gold 
crazy  "  once  more.  The  rush  to  the  Klondike 
began.  On  the  28th  of  July  Messrs.  Harper 
&  Brothers  of  New  York  commissioned  a  corre- 
spondent to  go  to  Dawson  to  procure  news  and 
pictures  of  the  gold-fields.  Mr.  Tappan  Adney 
was  the  one  chosen  for  the  work  ;  and  on  July 


30  he  started  for  the  West,  specially  equipped 
with  one  year's  photographic  outfit.  Arrived 
at  the  scene  of  operations,  Mr.  Adney  plunged 
manfully  into  the  thick  of  the  fray,  doing  at 
the  Klondike  as  the  Klondikers  did,  and  study- 
ing in  all  its  phases  the  life  at  the  new  Eldo- 
rado. The  literary  and  pictorial  result  of  his 
expedition  is  embodied  in  a  comely  volume  of 
nearly  five  hundred  pages,  entitled  "The  Klon- 
dike Stampede."  It  is  a  racy  and  graphic 
book,  full  of  hints  and  counsels  for  the  tyro, 
in  which  one  may  view  through  the  eyes  of  a 
keen  observer  the  Klondike  drama  in  its  pecu- 
liar phases.  Social  life,  we  learn,  adorned  and 
softened  by  the  presence  of  the  fair  sex,  was 
not  lacking  at  Dawson.  Indeed,  there  was  a 
good  deal  of  it.  It  centred  at  a  dance-hall 
known  as  "  Pete's,"  the  fashionable  Almack's 
of  the  place.  Its  presiding  genius,  after 
"Pete"  himself,  was  the  "caller-off,"  a  strenu- 
ous and  voluble  young  man  whose  function  it 
was  to  keep  the  fun  going,  and,  incidentally, 
the  whiskey  flowing.  Bashful  "  gents  "  with 
the  wall-flower  habit  were  urged  into  action, 
and  economical  "gents"  were  shamed  into 
bursts  of  prodigality.  When  the  music  struck 
up,  the  exhorter  began  : 

"  '  Come  on  boys  —  you  can  all  waltz  —  let's  have  a 
nice,  long,  juicy  waltz;'  and  then,  when  three  or  four 
couples  had  taken  the  floor  .  .  .  the  fun  began.  .  .  . 
Hardly  had  the  dancers  stopped  before  the  caller-off, 
upon  whose  skill  in  keeping  the  dances  going  depended 
the  profits  of  the  house,  began  again  in  his  loud  voice, 
coaxing,  imploring  — '  Come  on  boys,'  or,  <  Grab  a 
lady,  boys,  V  have  a  nice  quadrille.'  And  so  it  went  on 
all  night,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dances  being  not 
unusual  before  daylight  appeared  through  the  frosted 
panes." 

"Grabbing"  a  lady  involved  treating  her  at 
the  bar  after  the  dance  was  over ;  and  so,  with 
whiskey  at  a  dollar  a  drink  and  champagne  at 
forty  dollars  a  bottle,  the  "pokes,"  or  gold- 
sacks,  of  the  miners  grew  lean  rapidly,  while 
the  coffers  of  "Pete"  waxed  fat.  Mr.  Adney's 
vivacious  book  gives  a  satisfactory  view  of  the 
Klondike  movement  of  1897-98,  and  the  pic- 
tures are  as  good  as  the  text. 

Miss  Margaret  W.  Morley's  fresh  and  ex- 
hilarating account  of  her  leisurely  summer 
jaunt  in  Nova  Scotia  and  Cape  Breton  Island 
deserves  a  more  graceful  title  than  "Down 
North  and  Up  Along."  Miss  Morley  visited 
in  turn  Digby,  Grand  Pre,  Blomidon,  Part- 
ridge Island,  Halifax,  Baddeck,  Englishtown, 
Igonish,  etc.,  and  she  paints  what  she  saw  in  a 
style  that  is  refreshingly  straightforward  and 
unaffected.  Miss  Morley  has  the  sense  of 


18 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


humor,  as  the  following  picture  of  "  Tommy 
Atkins,"  as  seen  at  Halifax,  may  attest: 

"  Their  presence  is  decorative,  but  individually  these 
soldiers  are  not  very  impressive.  Many  of  them  are 
certainly  round-shouldered;  and  with  their  bright  red 
coats  and  tiny  round  caps  perched  on  an  angle  of  the 
head  and  held  in  place  by  straps  under  the  chin,  they 
look  so  irresistibly  like  the  long-tailed  gentleman  who 
sits  on  the  hand-organ  and  doffs  his  cap  for  pennies, 
that  it  is  difficult  to  contemplate  them  with  the  respect 
due  to  their  glorious  calling." 

So  much  for  the  units  of  the  historic  "  thin 
red  line."  Miss  Morley's  book  is  a  capital  one 
with  which  to  while  away  the  sultry  hours  of  a 
summer  holiday. 

Miss  E.  M.  Merrick  is  a  London  artist,  and 
portraits  are  her  specialty ;  but  she  has  made 
some  creditable  excursions  into  the  field  of 
genre  painting,  in  the  illustrative  or  narrative 
English  style.  While  still  a  student  at  the 
Koyal  Academy,  Miss  Merrick  made  a  trip  to 
Egypt;  and  there,  though  mainly  on  pleasure 
bent,  she  found  time  to  secure  and  begin  sev- 
eral commissions,  notably  portraits  of  the 
Khedivia  and  of  Mr.  H.  M.  Stanley.  These 
successes  turned  Miss  Merrick's  thoughts  to 
the  Orient  as  a  promising  field  of  operations ; 
and  a  professional  foray  into  India  followed. 
The  memories  of  these  expeditions  are  now 
printed  in  a  pretty  little  volume  entitled  "With 
a  Palette  in  Eastern  Palaces,"  which  has  a  cer- 
tain special  descriptive  value  owing  to  the  fact 
that  its  author,  in  her  capacity  of  portrait- 
painter,  was  often  permitted  to  penetrate  into 
places  that  are  closed  to  most  tourists  —  in- 
deed, to  all  masculine  visitors  whomsoever. 
The  book  presents  many  lively  pictures  of  East 
Indian  society  and  manners,  native  and  exotic ; 
and  it  is  written  with  true  feminine  vivacity.  It 
contains  some  interesting  reproductions  of  por- 
traits painted  in  the  East  by  the  author ;  but 
quite  the  most  attractive  thing  in  it  is  the 
frontispiece  portrait  of  Miss  Merrick  herself. 
While  in  Egypt,  Miss  Merrick  met  some 
American  tourists. 

"  I  remember  one  remarking  to  me  when  I  was  feel- 
ing rather  seedy  at  Assouan,  '  Wai,  you  do  look  like  a 
worm.  Guess  Egypt  don't  suit  you.  You'll  go  home 
in  a  box  likely.'  American  expressions  sound  very 
funny  to  our  ears." 

We  should  think  so.  American  readers  will 
regret  that  Miss  Merrick  fails  to  say  what 
section  of  this  country  the  expressions  quoted 
are  native  to. 

"  Ivory  Apes  and  Peacocks "  is  the  suffi- 
ciently bizarre  title  of  a  sheaf  of  East  Indian 
travel-pictures  by  that  pleasantly  fantastical 


essayist  and  virtuoso  of  irridescent  phrases, 
"  Israfel."  To  the  travel-pictures  are  added  a 
half-dozen  rhapsodic  little  papers  on  themes 
musical  and  literary  —  "  The  Musical  Critic," 
"  Rudyard  Kipling,"  "  Music  and  Literature," 
etc.  Other  titles  are,  "  Peninsular  and  Ori- 
ental," "  Bombay,"  "  Agra,"  «  The  Taj  Ma- 
hal," "Delhi,"  "Benares,"  "Calcutta,"  and 
so  on.  "  Israfel "  is  essentially  a  stylist,  an 
executant  of  brilliant  verbal  fantasias  ;  and  we 
are  not  to  look  to  him  for  statistics,  or  for  a 
British  tax-payer's  views  on  the  Indian  budget. 
He  has  a  curious  trick  of  wilful  bathos,  of 
checking  a  flight  of  parti-colored  words  with  a 
homely  and  even  a  relatively  vulgar  allusion. 
A  rhapsody  on  the  Taj  Mahal  is  thus  cut  short 
by  the  memory  of  the  grateful  effect  of  a  glass 
of  whiskey  on  a  chilly  night : 

"I  went  to  see  the  Taj  by  moonlight  (oh!  the  trite- 
ness of  the  phrase!)  —  a  full  moon.  The  night  was 
such  a  one  as  you  might  spend  '  with  Saadi  in  the  gar- 
den,' breathless  and  tropical,  the  flower  scents  rose  as 
incense  straight  to  Heaven,  the  gleaming  tanks  were 
sheets  of  shadowy  silver,  and  musical  with  frogs.  The 
Taj  shone,  peerless  as  a  swan  on  a  lake,  in  the  sky  of 
dusky  amethyst,  a  palace  of  pearl  pierced  by  soft,  un- 
fathomable glooms.  ...  I  cannot  express  the  Un- 
reality, the  Ideality,  of  the  Taj  that  night.  Standing 
but  a  few  paces  from  its  ghostly  loveliness,  I  felt  that 
it  was  a  vision,  impalpable,  unattainable  ;  I  thought  of 
« Epipsychidion,'  I  thought  of  Heine's  «  Ewig  verlor'nes 
LiebJ  I  thought  of  the  whiskey-peg  I  should  have  when 
I  got  home  —  for  the  night  was  a  cold  one." 

Asked  to  describe  the  Taj  Mahal,  the  author's 
uncle  said  that  it  was  "  a  very  nice  place." 
Perhaps  he  would  have  reserved  his  enthusi- 
asm for  the  whiskey-peg.  Readers  who  care 
for  "  Israfel "  at  all  will  like  this  his  latest 
volume  very  much. 

We  have  read  with  much  relish  the  seven- 
teen papers  contained  in  Mr.  Richard  Le  Gal- 
lienne's  pretty  volume  entitled  "  Travels  in 
England,"  and  shall  certainly  re-read  some  of 
them  —  the  specially  pleasant  ones  on  Win- 
terslow  and  Stratford,  for  example.  Mr.  Le 
Gallienne  went  to  Winterslow  as  to  the  one  time 
home  —  or  lair,  one  may  say  —  of  Hazlitt ;  and 
he  went  to  Stratford  to  see  Madame  Bernhardt 
play  "Hamlet."  These  facts  mark  the  drift 
and  tenor  of  the  two  papers.  Other  places 
visited  were  Selborne,  Winchester,  Sarum, 
Stonehenge,  Avebury,  Lechlade,  Kelmscott, 
Cirencester,  the  Cotswold's.  Let  us  add  that 
the  season  was  summer,  and  Mr.  Le  Gallienne 
travelled  a-wheel.  Mr.  Herbert  Railton's  half- 
dozen  dainty  drawings  harmonize  nicely  with 
the  general  character  of  this  sprightly  and 
pretty  book.  E.  G.  J. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


19 


THINGS  OUT  OF  DOORS.* 


"  By  the  time  July  is  well  started,"  observes 
the  gentle  author  of  "  Friends  Worth  Know- 
ing," in  his  newer  work,  "  Nature's  Calendar," 
"  the  rains  have  ceased,  the  woods  are  deep  in 
the  shadow  of  completed  leafage  and  growing 
twigs,  the  soil  is  dry  and  is  throwing  out  an 
increasing  crop  of  curious  agarics,  and  walking 
in  the  dusty  roads  or  open  uplands  is  unpleas- 
ant. Naturally  enough,  then,  we  turn  in  our 
rambles  towards  the  watercourses  and  seek  to 
read  the  '  books  in  the  running  brooks.'  "  Mr. 
Ingersoll  does  not  say,  as  he  could  have  said, 
that  the  opening  of  July  is  the  very  crown  and 
summit  of  the  year  ;  nor  could  he  have  known 
that  this  year  of  grace,  1900,  finds  it  a  most 
exceptional  time  for  seeing  the  outdoor  world 
at  its  very  best,  abundant  and  early  rains  and 
moderate  temperatures  having  given  promise 
of  a  July  that  does  not  need  to  have  its  face 
washed  for  the  dust  upon  it. 

It  is  truly  a  time  and  a  season  in  which  to 
observe  the  real  beauties  of  this  earth  of  ours, 
so  far  removed  from  the  political  turmoil  in 
which  that  country  is  about  to  plunge.  Nor 
should  we,  unless  we  know  them  thoroughly, 
neglect  the  lessons  that  are  to  be  gained  from 
so  charming  an  assortment  of  books  as  have 
been  provided  for  summer  instruction  and  en- 
tertainment. "  Nature's  Calendar  "  is  a  book 
for  the  year,  containing  on  its  broad  pages  "  a 
slender  rivulet  of  text "  of  much  charm  and 
pertinency,  while  beside  and  under  it  is  a  space 
of  white  marked  for  every  day  of  the  year, 
whereon  notes  may  be  made  to  supplement  the 
observations  of  the  author.  But  it  is  a  calen- 
dar in  another  sense  as  well,  for  at  the  end  of 
each  of  the  months  is  set  forth  such  a  summary 
of  the  habits  of  live  things,  birds,  reptiles, 
fishes,  and  insects,  that  the  least  observant  can 
load  himself  with  hints  to  make  obvious  and 
familiar  at  least  a  part  of  a  world  before  invis- 

*  NATURE'S  CALENDAR.  By  Ernest  Ingersoll.  New  York : 
Harper  &  Brothers. 

IN  NATURE'S  REALM.  By  Dr.  Charles  C.  Abbott.  Tren- 
ton, N.  J.:  Albert  Brandt. 

How  TO  KNOW  THE  WILD  FLOWERS.  By  Mrs.  William 
Starr  Dana.  New  York  :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

A  GUIDE  TO  THE  TREES.  By  Alice  Lounsberry.  New 
York :  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Company. 

OUR  NATIVE  TREES.  By  Harriet  L.  Keeler.  New  York : 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

BIRD  NOTES  AFIELD.  By  Charles  A.  Eeeler.  San  Fran- 
cisco :  D.  P.  Elder  and  Morgan  Shepard. 

BIRD  HOMES.  By  A.  Radclyffe  Dugmore.  New  York : 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

BIRD  STUDIES  WITH  A  CAMERA.  By  Frank  M.  Chapman. 
New  York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 


ible.  By  way  of  final  grace  to  a  book  in  the 
best  of  taste  in  all  its  essentials,  twelve  repro- 
ductions of  as  many  photographs  by  Mr.  Clar- 
ence Lown  afford  typical  views  of  fields,  forests, 
and  rivers. 

Beautifully  printed  on  paper  which  leaves 
one  vexed  that  glazed  surfaces  have  ever  been 
tolerated,  with  nearly  a  hundred  illustrations 
by  Mr.  Oliver  Kemp  to  interpret  the  thought 
in  another  medium,  Dr.  Charles  C.  Abbott's 
"  In  Nature's  Realm  "  is  a  book  to  be  treas- 
ured. Serenely  philosophical,  keenly  observant, 
intellectually  suggestive,  the  placid  marshalling 
of  the  less  obvious  facts  of  nature,  with  their 
gentle  spiritual  interpretation  from  Dr.  Ab- 
bott's pen  to  make  us  all  human  together,  is  a 
real  triumph  of  literature.  He  discusses,  to 
take  one  example  from  scores,  "  My  Point  of 
View,"  and  his  breadth  is  made  ours  if  we  read 
him  aright  when  he  says : 

"  I  am  what  I  am  to  nature,  not  what  another,  from 
his  point  of  view,  judges  I  should  be.  I  am  a  part  of 
nature  and  nature  is  a  part  of  me.  Tear  us  apart,  and 
nature  is  robbed  and  I  am  ruined.  Hence  the  futility 
of  attempting  radical  changes;  for  nations  and  coun- 
tries and  climates  have  their  peculiar  points  of  view, 
and  the  Christianized  pagan  is  still  but  a  pagan  Chris- 
tianized. His  idol  may  be  a  fraud,  but  it  will  never 
cease  to  be  his  idol.  The  outward  sign  of  respect  may 
be  withheld,  but  the  inward  feeling  of  regard  can  never 
die.  Who  has  seen  the  world  with  another's  eyes? 
There  is  a  cuttle-fish  that  can  blacken  the  waters  about 
it  until  the  animal  disappears,  but  the  water  is  water 
still,  and  the  animal  is  only  hidden,  not  changed  nor 
annihilated.  The  oak  does  not  ask  the  elm  to  change 
its  leaves,  nor  roses  red  taunt  the  violets  because  they 
are  blue, —  why  then  seek  to  change  my  point  of  view 
and  blur  the  landscape  that  to  me  is  beautiful  and  so  a 
joy  forever  ?  The  intensity  of  a  personality  that 
dwarfs  others  is  more  likely  to  prove  a  curse  than  a 
blessing.  My  limited  individuality  has  its  place  and  is 
not  benefitted  by  shifting  it  from  its  bearings.  Nature 
is  a  better  director  than  man  in  this  regard." 

There  is  much  more  of  this  delightful  and  hu- 
mane philanthropy,  which  contrasts  so  abruptly 
with  the  turmoil  and  warfare  of  the  world  — 
due  chiefly,  it  may  be  remarked,  to  the  fact 
that  we  are  not  satisfied  with  burghers  as 
burghers,  Filipinos  as  Filipinos,  or  Mongols  as 
Mongols,  but  are  madly  seeking  to  make  them 
British,  or  American,  or  Caucasian,  as  the  case 
may  be.  When  the  world  has  learned,  like 
Dr.  Abbott,  that  a  man's  point  of  view  is  his 
own,  and  that  he  is  accountable  for  it  to  God 
alone,  we  shall  all  of  us  be  in  a  fair  way  of 
being  civilized,  instead  of  merely  thinking  our- 
selves so. 

Mrs.  William  Starr  Dana's  "  How  to  Know 
the  Wild  Flowers  "  can  hardly  need  extended 


20 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


notice  at  this  time,  since  the  new  edition  an- 
nounces itself  the  fifty-sixth  thousand.  It  dif- 
fers from  its  predecessors  by  the  inclusion  of 
forty-eight  colored  plates  after  the  water-color 
sketches  by  Miss  Elsie  Louise  Shaw,  uncolored 
pictures  of  the  same  flowers  contained  in  for- 
mer editions  being  omitted  here,  and  almost  as 
many  new  ones  being  added  from  the  faithful 
flower  portraits  of  Miss  Marion  Satterlee.  The 
text  stands  as  it  did  seven  years  ago,  and  the 
book  in  its  present  form  leaves  little  to  be  de- 
sired. 

Miss  Alice  Lounsberry's  "  Guide  to  the 
Trees  "  and  Mrs.  Harriet  L.  Keeler's  "  Our 
Native  Trees  "  differ  chiefly  in  the  personal 
equation  of  the  two  writers.  Both  give,  with 
all  the  fulness  desirable,  the  means  whereby 
component  members  of  American  forests  can 
be  distinguished  one  from  another,  and  their 
names  ascertained  with  the  least  amount  of 
trouble.  In  addition  to  this  groundwork,  which 
includes  a  complete  description  of  the  tree  in 
all  its  details,  —  bark,  leaves,  flowers,  and 
fruit,  —  Miss  Lounsberry's  book  contains  a 
great  number  of  colored  and  black-and-white 
pictures  and  diagrams  made  by  Mrs.  Ellis 
Rowan,  and  a  brief  introduction  by  Dr.  N.  L. 
Britton.  Mrs.  Keeler's  work  is  illustrated  by 
reproductions  of  photographs  direct  from  na- 
ture, most  of  them  of  leaves  and  fruit,  but  with 
many  drawings  of  details.  It  is  a  work  which 
is  less  formal  than  the  other,  and  with  more  of 
the  literary  quality.  Quite  as  instructive,  it 
sets  forth  the  technicalities  in  popular  language, 
while  the  photographs  of  leaves  serve  a  better 
purpose  in  the  process  of  identification.  Either 
of  the  books  is  a  desirable  addition  to  the 
library. 

Mr.  Charles  A.  Keeler  is  already  well  known 
for  his  delightful  writings  after  the  manner  of 
a  Californian  Thoreau,  and  "Bird  Notes 
Afield  "  will  enhance  his  reputation  both  as  a 
man  of  letters  and  of  science.  He  deals  with 
the  birds  of  the  Pacific  coast  more  particularly, 
and  his  statement  of  the  differences  and  re- 
semblances of  these  with  the  feathered  folk  of 
regions  nearer  the  rising  sun  makes  very  de- 
lightful reading.  Many  of  his  studies  have 
been  made  in  the  vicinity  of  Berkeley,  for 
which  the  pleasant  book  of  Miss  Eva  V.  Car- 
lin,  published  more  than  a  year  ago,  serves  as 
an  introduction.  He  tells  of  the  domestic  life 
of  the  hummingbird,  as  follows  : 

"If  you  have  the  good  fortune  to  have  discovered 
an  unfinished  nest,  you  may  observe  the  mother  bird's 
methods  of  work.  She  settles  upon  it  and  rounds  it 


with  her  breast.  Seemingly  with  difficulty  the  head  is 
raised  and  the  long,  slender  beak  arranges  here  and 
there  a  bit  of  lichen,  bark,  or  cobweb  in  its  proper  place 
on  the  outside.  Thus  she  works  until  the  compact  little 
structure  of  softest  thistledown,  covered  on  the  outside 
with  small  fragments  of  moss,  lichen,  bark,  and  similar 
materials,  is  ready  to  receive  the  invariable  two  white 
eggs.  In  due  course  of  time  the  most  helpless  young 
imaginable  are  hatched,  to  be  tended  with  unremitting 
care.  They  soon  grow  so  large  that  their  diminutive 
home  can  scarcely  contain  them  until,  at  last,  from  the 
sheer  physical  necessity  of  overcrowded  quarters,  they 
are  forced  to  essay  a  flight.  Wonderful,  indeed,  is  the 
domestic  life  of  these  smallest  of  birds,  in  whose  minute 
frame  is  compacted  so  much  of  intelligence  and  passion 
—  so  much  that  we  fondly  claim  as  human." 

In  abrupt  contrast  with  this  may  be  taken  the 
paper  on  "Patrolling  the  Beach,"  in  which 
nature  in  her  most  ferocious  aspect,  after  a 
storm  at  sea,  is  followed  in  her  work  of  devas- 
tation. The  book,  which  is  most  alluringly 
designed,  concludes  with  a  key  whereby  the 
various  birds  of  California  may  be  differenti- 
ated and  identified,  the  arrangement  being 
such  that  no  scientific  knowledge  is  required 
for  its  use. 

"  Bird  Homes,"  by  Mr.  Radclyffe  Dugmore, 
is  such  a  book  as  every  lover  of  birds  must 
welcome,  since  it  really  admits  the  reader  into 
the  privacy  of  their  family  life.  It  is,  more- 
over, an  eloquent  plea  for  acquaintance  with 
our  tiny  neighbors  as  the  best  means  of  pre- 
serving them  from  the  cruelties  which  make  us 
ashamed  of  the  name  of  human.  One  or  two 
of  the  instances  Mr.  Dugmore  cites  are  quite 
too  harrowing  for  repetition  here.  But  such  a 
paragraph  as  this  is  worth  taking  to  heart : 

"  I  think  any  woman  who  had  seen  a  mother-thrush 
on  the  nest,  with  her  anxious,  wild  little  eyes  looking 
out  in  fear  of  the  intruder,  could  never  again  wear  a 
stuffed  bird  as  a  hat  ornament,  to  be  used  for  a  short 
month  or  two  and  then  thrown  away.  For  herein  lies, 
perhaps,  the  chief  cause  of  the  partial  extermination  of 
our  birds,  both  those  that  are  sombre  in  color  (for  they 
can  be  dyed  to  any  desired  shade)  and  those  that  are 
by  nature  of  brilliant  hues.  And  who  gains  by  this 
cruel  sacrifice  to  a  heartless  fashion  save  the  dealers  ?  " 

A  similar  warning  is  addressed  to  the  boy  who 
begins  an  egg  collection.  Instructions  are 
given  which  will  enable  the  eggs  to  be  taken 
without  inflicting  the  birds  with  calamity,  but 
a  still  stronger  argument  is  made  for  observing 
the  conduct  of  the  young  when  hatched.  It  is 
to  descriptions  of  this  sort,  admirably  illus- 
trated by  instantaneous  photographs  in  repro- 
duction of  the  birds,  old  and  young,  in  various 
stages  of  home  building  and  family  rearing, 
that  the  book  is  chiefly  devoted  ;  and  no  better 
argument  for  the  use  of  a  camera  instead  of  a 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


21 


gun  could  be  desired  than  these  very  pictures. 
Emerson's  lines  are  his  text : 

"  Have  you  numbered  all  the  birds  of  the  wood, 

Without  a  gun  ? 
Have  you  loved  the  wild  rose  — 

And  left  it  on  its  stalk  ? 
0  be  my  friend,  and  teach  me  to  be  thine." 

Not  only  does  the  book  abound  in  photographic 
reproductions,  many  of  them  in  color,  but  there 
are  several  plates  of  eggs  which  will  give  the 
reader  most  of  the  advantages  of  a  collection 
without  the  possibility  of  inflicting  misery  upon 
the  small  friends  whom  self-interest  no  less  than 
humanity  urges  us  to  protect.  Mr.  Dugmore 
is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  execution  of  his 
gentle  and  pious  task. 

Of  even  greater  interest  than  the  book  just 
noticed  is  Mr.  F.  M.  Chapman's  pleasant 
narrative  of  "  Bird  Studies  with  a  Camera." 
Mr.  Chapman  is  the  first  American  to  discern 
the  advantages  which  the  exceedingly  clever 
book  of  the  Messrs.  Kearton,  "  Wild  Life  at 
Home,"  held  out  to  those  happy  folk  who  are 
amateurs  in  both  photography  and  ornithology. 
Though  his  book  is  not  so  ambitious  as  his 
disciple's,  it  covers  more  ground,  and  ground 
of  another  sort,  without  being  quite  so  detailed. 
The  two  works,  taken  together,  will  form  a 
course  both  elementary  and  advanced  in  the 
pleasant  application  of  the  two  sciences  of 
which  it  treats.  Mr.  Chapman  has  been  along 
the  Atlantic  coast  and  to  the  islands  in  the 
St.  Lawrence  in  search  of  subjects,  and  he  dis- 
courses on  pelicans  and  plovers  with  the  ease 
which  Mr.  Dugmore  bestows  on  bobolinks  and 
blackbirds.  Nests  and  eggs  play  their  part 
with  both,  and  so  do  the  facts  about  lenses  and 
hyposulphites ;  Mr.  Chapman  being  more  spe- 
cific in  respect  to  the  latter. 

So  ends  a  charming  task,  most  amiably  suited 
to  the  crowning  season  of  the  year.  Insects 
and  flowers,  butterflies  and  roses,  birds  and 
trees,  fields  and  rivers,  these  are  surely  among 
the  loveliest  things  on  earth. 

WALLACE  RICE. 


WE  have  already  noticed  the  first  six  volumes  of  the 
"  Library  of  English  Classics  "  published  by  the  Mac- 
millan  Co.  Three  additional  volumes  of  this  series  con- 
tain Boswell's  "Life  of  Johnson,"  reprinted  from  the 
edition  prepared  by  Mr.  Mowbray  Morris  for  the 
"  Globe  "  series  of  the  same  publishers.  Beyond  two  or 
three  pages  of  bibliography,  this  edition  has  no  special 
apparatus;  it  is  simply  a  reprint,  in  an  altogether  digni- 
fied and  acceptable  form,  of  the  most  interesting  of  all 
literary  biographies.  The  very  low  price  at  which  the 
volumes  of  this  "  Library "  are  offered  to  the  public 
should  find  for  them  exceptional  favor  in  the  eyes  of  pur- 
chasers. 


RECEXT  FICTION.* 

Those  readers  to  whom  "  The  Choir  Invisible  " 
came  as  a  revelation  of  strength  allied  with  tender- 
ness, of  spiritual  beauty  made  one  with  the  beauty 
of  the  visible  world,  have  been  eagerly  awaiting 
further  work  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  James  Lane 
Allen.  Mr.  Allen  takes  his  time  about  writing, 
and  two  years  have  gone  to  the  composition  of  his 
new  book,  "  The  Reign  of  Law."  We  are  thus  as- 
sured in  advance  of  his  usual  careful  workmanship, 
and  we  open  his  new  volume  with  the  most  pleas- 
urable anticipations.  These  anticipations  are  not 
doomed  to  disappointment,  for  the  work,  considered 
primarily  as  a  piece  of  literature,  proves  to  be  sat- 
isfying in  a  high  degree.  Those  who  care  less  for 
the  graces  of  style  and  for  the  exhibition  of  elevated 
emotions  than  they  care  for  a  story  apart  from  these 
adjuncts,  will  perhaps  suffer  some  slight  disappoint- 
ment when  they  discover  that  "  The  Reign  of  Law" 
is  little  more  than  an  account  of  the  struggles  of  an 
untutored  country  lad  to  win  his  spiritual  emanci- 
pation. He  is  presented  as  an  extremely  sympa- 
thetic figure,  but  the  story  of  his  life  has  few  inci- 
dents save  those  which  are  connected  with  his 
endeavor  to  secure  an  education,  and  with  his  eager 
quest  for  the  higher  forms  of  truth.  All  sorts  of 
obstacles  confront  him  as  his  mind  gropes  toward 
the  light,  and  his  spiritual  freedom  is  gained  at  a 
great  price.  Living  in  an  atmosphere  of  sectarian- 
ism and  narrow  religious  bigotry,  he  finds  his  way 
unaided  to  the  high  intellectual  plane  of  the  great 
modern  thinkers  who  have  so  transformed  our 
primitive  conceptions  of  the  relation  between  man 
and  the  universe.  The  dogmatic  influences  which 
would  impede  his  growth  to  full  intellectual  stature 
are  successfully  resisted,  and  be  works  out  in  his 

*  THE  REIGN  OF  LAW.  A  Tale  of  the  Kentucky  Hemp 
Fields.  By  James  Lane  Allen.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  ANGEL  OF  CLAY.  By  William  Ordway  Partridge. 
New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

THE  CAMBRIC  MASK.  A  Romance.  By  Robert  W.  Cham- 
bers. New  York :  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

THE  CONSPIRATORS.  A  Romance.  By  Robert  W.  Chambers. 
New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

To  HAVE  AND  TO  HOLD.  By  Mary  Johnston.  Boston: 
Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

MARY  PAGET  :  A  Romance  of  Old  Bermuda.  By  Minna 
Caroline  Smith.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  VOICE  OF  THE  PEOPLE.  By  Ellen  Glasgow.  New 
York :  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

KNIGHTS  IN  FUSTIAN  :  A  War  Time  Story  of  Indiana.  By 
Caroline  Brown.  Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

ARDEN  MASSITKR.  By  Dr.  William  Barry.  New  York : 
The  Century  Co. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  THE  WIZARD.  By  M.  Imlay  Taylor.  Chi- 
cago :  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 

THE  CARDINAL'S  MUSKETEER.  By  M.  Imlay  Taylor. 
Chicago :  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 

THE  WHITE  DOVE.  By  William  J.  Locke.  New  York : 
John  Lane. 

THE  BATH  COMEDY.  By  Agnes  and  Egerton  Castle.  New 
York :  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

SOPHIA.  A  Romance.  By  Stanley  J.  Weyman.  New 
York :  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 


22 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


own  experience  that  sublime  conception  of  the  reign 
of  law  which  has  been  the  chief  philosophical 
achievement  of  our  age,  and  which  dwarfs  all  the 
theological  counsels,  darkened  by  words  without 
knowledge,  of  the  past.  Those  who  can  match  in 
their  own  experience  the  intellectual  struggles  of 
this  youth  will  understand  the  author's  purpose ; 
for  those  who  cannot  bring  to  their  reading  as 
much  as  they  take  from  it,  "  The  Reign  of  Law  " 
will  be  a  sealed  book.  That  it  should  become  widely 
popular  we  do  not  deem  probable;  its  interest  is 
too  special  for  that,  and  its  direct  appeal  is  made 
to  the  audience  that  is  never  a  large  one  in  any  age. 
The  gospel  of  easy  comfortable  acceptance  of  what- 
ever ideas  are  held  by  those  around  us,  the  gospel 
which  is  content  to  exalt  for  worship  the  idols  of 
our  own  particular  tribe  or  forum  is  more  wide- 
spread in  its  influence  than  the  gospel  of  those  rare 
and  strenuous  spirits  to  whom  Mr.  Allen's  hero  be- 
longs. To  such  lives  there  always  attaches  the 
pathos  of  loneliness,  of  the  sympathy  that  yearns 
for  a  response  but  does  not  find  it,  and  this  aspect 
of  the  struggle  is  presented  with  deep  poignancy  by 
Mr.  Allen.  The  scene  of  the  story  is  laid  in  Ken- 
tucky, in  the  sixties,  and  it  is  described  as  "  A  Tale 
of  the  Kentucky  Hemp  Fields."  This  must  be  men- 
tioned, because  the  processes  connected  with  the 
cultivation  of  hemp  play  an  important  part  in  the 
narrative.  The  landscape  is  colored  by  the  vivid 
green  of  the  hemp,  its  fragrance  fills  the  air,  and 
the  soul  of  the  hero  is  strong  as  with  the  strength 
of  its  fibre.  In  fact,  hemp  plays  the  part  of  a 
Leitmotiv,  if  there  be  such  a  thing  in  fiction, 
throughout  the  book,  and,  if  the  symbolism  of  its 
use  appears  somewhat  labored  in  the  earlier  chap- 
ters, the  writer  in  the  end  compels  us  to  accept  it 
as  an  essential  part  of  his  artistic  scheme.  We 
fancy  that  we  do  not  err  in  ascribing  to  Mr.  Allen 
himself  that  "Song  of  the  Hemp"  which  is  intro- 
duced near  the  end,  and  credited  to  "A  minor 
Kentucky  writer."  It  is  an  exquisite  piece  of 
verse,  and  we  must  find  room  for  one  of  the  four 
stanzas. 

"  Oh,  dim,  dim  autumn  days  of  sobbing  rain 

When  on  the  fields  the  ripened  hemp  is  spread 

And  woods  are  brown. 
No  land,  no  land  like  this  for  mortal  pain 

When  Love  stands  weeping  by  the  sweet,  sweet  bed 
For  Love  cut  down." 

Mr.  Allen  is  half  a  poet  even  in  his  prose,  and 
the  transition  to  and  from  these  verses  is  accom- 
plished without  a  jar.  It  is  by  his  poetic  charm 
that  he  has  won  our  hearts,  by  that,  and  by  his  in- 
tense realization  of  some  of  our  deepest  moods,  of 
some  of  our  most  spiritual  aspirations. 

It  is  difficult  to  say  anything  in  praise  of  "  An 
Angel  of  Clay."  Mr.  Partridge  is  an  excellent 
sculptor,  but  a  poor  writer  of  fiction.  He  has  no 
control  whatever  over  his  medium,  and  words  re- 
fuse to  do  his  artistic  bidding.  He  has  produced  a 
series  of  the  veriest  lay  figures  in  this  novel;  all  of 
them  use  the  same  stiff  and  unnatural  forms  of 
speech,  and  not  one  of  them  has  a  spark  of  vitality. 


He  has  a  message  of  fine  idealism  to  deliver  —  a 
message  that  he  has  delivered  successfully  in  marble 
and  in  bronze  —  that  he  might  deliver  successfully 
in  the  form  of  the  essay;  but  his  attempt  to  set  it 
forth  in  a  work  of  fiction  is  a  hopeless  failure.  If 
the  reader  will  forego  the  expectation  of  finding  a 
story  in  this  book,  and  be  content  to  view  it  as  a 
series  of  thoughtful  disquisitions  upon  art  and  life, 
he  will  not,  however,  go  wholly  unrewarded. 

Mr.  Chambers  has  so  unusual  a  gift  for  romantic 
fiction  that  it  is  a  pity  he  does  not  take  greater 
pains  with  his  work.  The  two  stories  which  he  has 
recently  published  are  in  a  way  exasperating,  be- 
cause, good  as  they  are,  they  might  have  been  very 
much  better.  The  reckless  fashion  of  slinging  his 
materials  together,  and  relying  upon  his  vigor  and 
poetic  exuberance  for  an  effect,  seems  to  be  grow- 
ing upon  this  brilliant  writer.  Such  slapdash 
methods  of  composition  as  are  exemplified  in  "  The 
Cambric  Mask  "  and  "  The  Conspirators  "  betoken 
a  sad  neglect  of  the  writer's  opportunities,  and 
make  the  reader  extremely  impatient.  Both  the 
stories  are  interesting,  as  a  matter  of  course  —  Mr. 
Chambers  always  contrives  to  be  that  —  but  neither 
of  them  gives  us  the  satisfaction  that  we  get  from 
reasonably  finished  work.  "  The  Cambric  Mask  " 
is  a  story  of  rural  New  York,  and  derives  its  inter- 
est from  the  attempt  of  a  gang  of  whitecaps  to 
intimidate  and  drive  away  from  the  region  a  gen- 
tleman who  has  come  thither  for  the  innocent  pur- 
pose of  entomological  research.  His  entomology 
is  not  the  cause  of  offense,  but  the  fact  that  the 
land  which  he  occupies  has  suddenly  acquired  great 
commercial  value,  and  the  other  fact  that  he  takes 
a  too  obvious  interest  in  the  impossible  village 
beauty  who  figures  as  the  heroine.  When  aroused 
to  a  sense  of  the  dangers  that  threaten  him,  the 
hero  turns  out  to  be  anything  but  the  peaceable 
naturalist  for  whom  he  is  taken.  Being  an  old 
West  Pointer,  his  fighting  instincts  are  aroused,  his 
strategy  proves  equal  to  his  courage,  and  he  routs 
his  enemies  in  the  most  approved  melodramatic 
fashion.  Incidentally,  he  wins  the  impossible  hero- 
ine, after  her  drunken,  and  in  another  sense  impos- 
sible, father  has  been  conveniently  disposed  of, 
and  the  romance  ends  in  the  conventional  way. 
"  The  Conspirators  "  takes  us  to  a  very  different 
field  of  action.  The  scene  is  the  Grand  Duchy  of 
Luxembourg,  and  the  period  some  imagined  future 
time  when  the  German  Emperor  is  upon  the  point 
of  annexing  the  territory  that  seems  to  lie  defense- 
less within  his  grasp.  His  plans  are  thwarted, 
partly  by  the  unexpected  vigor  with  which  Holland 
opposes  the  scheme,  and  partly  by  the  fact  that  the 
United  States,  in  its  new  character  as  a  world 
power,  takes  a  hand  in  the  affair.  The  hero  is  an 
exaggerated  young  American,  having  a  diplomatic 
appointment  in  the  Duchy,  and  getting  into  all  sorts 
of  scrapes  and  entanglements.  There  are  really 
two  heroines,  one  of  them  being  the  fictitious  and 
picquant  countess  whom  the  hero  sets  himself  to 
win,  the  other  being  no  less  a  personage  than  the 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


actual  Queen  of  Holland,  for  the  audacity  of  the 
writer  goes  so  far  as  to  make  him  invent  a  romantic 
attachment  between  the  fair  Wilhelmina  and  a 
prince  of  the  German  Empire.  The  book  gives  us 
a  really  charming  picture  of  Luxembourg,  both  the 
drowsy  capital  and  its  wild  surroundings,  and 
nature,  as  viewed  by  the  poetic  imagination  of  the 
writer,  counts  for  no  small  part  of  the  interest  of 
the  story. 

The  extent  to  which  women  are  of  late  taking 
possession  of  the  field  of  historical  fiction  must 
seem  somewhat  alarming  to  writers  of  the  sterner 
sex.  That  women  should  vie  with  them  in  the  de- 
lineation of  sentiment  and  passion  seems  natural 
enough,  but  that  women  should  also  seek  to  vie  with 
them  in  tales  of  battle  and  adventure  seems  at  first 
sight  an  unwarrantable  intrusion  upon  the  natural 
prerogative  of  man.  But  the  fact  must  be  faced 
that  women  are  taking  more  and  more  to  the  work 
of  historical  romance,  and  that  some  of  them,  at 
least,  are  doing  the  work  in  a  highly  successful 
manner.  It  is  a  little  late  to  be  speaking  about 
"  To  Have  and  to  Hold,"  Miss  Mary  Johnston's 
second  novel,  for  the  work  attracted  widespread 
attention  when  its  first  chapters  appeared  serially 
a  year  ago,  and  the  completed  book  has  been  in  the 
hands  of  readers  for  a  number  of  weeks.  But  the 
book  is  so  exceptionally  good,  and  its  great  popular 
success  so  well  deserved,  that  in  giving  it  a  few 
words  of  belated  praise  we  have  no  fear  of  being  taken 
to  task  for  recalling  attention  to  a  forgotten  book. 
Like  Miss  Johnston's  "Prisoners  of  Hope,"  the 
new  romance  is  a  tale  of  colonial  Virginia,  and 
interest  is  divided  between  the  natural  conditions 
of  life  in  the  colony  and  its  relations  with  the 
mother  country.  Miss  Johnston  has  a  pretty  inven- 
tion and  an  even  prettier  style.  Exciting  adventures 
and  hairbreadth  escapes  follow  one  another  in  be- 
wildering succession,  and  the  attention  is  ever  alert. 
Crafty  Indians  and  picturesque  villains  share  the 
interest  of  the  story  with  hero  and  heroine.  There 
is  even  a  pirate  crew,  a  shipwreck,  and  a  desert 
island.  Of  hero  and  heroine  we  may  say  that  both 
are  of  the  type  dear  to  romantic  souls ;  the  one  is 
strong,  resourceful,  and  courageous,  the  other  is 
alternately  haughty  and  tender,  and  always  ador- 
ably feminine.  Over  the  whole  romance  there  is 
a  slight  cast  of  melodrama,  and  there  is  dis- 
played a  little  less  of  originality  than  in  the  story 
which  first  attracted  readers  to  Miss  Johnston.  In 
both  books  her  knowledge  of  Indian  ways  is  re- 
markable, and  her  understanding  of  Indian  charac- 
ter has  a  degree  of  subtlety  which  even  surpasses 
what  we  find  in  Cooper.  And  in  both  books  the 
reader  will  linger  longest  over  the  many  lovely 
pages  which  describe  the  Virginian  wilds,  the  hills, 
the  rivers,  and  the  solemn  solitudes  of  the  forest. 
In  this  aspect  of  her  work,  Miss  Johnston  is  almost 
comparable  with  Miss  Murfree,  but  fails  to  attain 
to  quite  the  spiritual  elevation  of  that  writer  in  her 
contemplation  of  nature.  With  Miss  Johnston,  the 
natural  surroundings  are  always  accessories  of  the 


narrative ;  with  Miss  Murfree,  on  the  other  hand, 
they  are  invested  with  a  life  and  meaning  of  their 
own. 

"  Mary  Paget,"  by  Miss  Minna  Caroline  Smith, 
is  a  slight  and  amateurish  romance  of  Bermuda  in 
the  days  when  Englishmen  first  settled  in  the  Sum- 
mer Islands,  and  when  the  tales  of  returning  mar- 
iners fired  the  imagination  of  Shakespeare,  and 
became  transmuted  into  the  "  rich  and  strange " 
poetry  of  "  The  Tempest."  Miss  Smith  is  auda- 
cious enough  to  introduce  the  poet  himself  into  her 
story,  the  scene  of  which  remains  in  England  until 
we  are  half  way  through  the  book.  Her  romance 
is  in  no  way  forceful,  but  it  is  written  in  a  pleasing 
manner,  and  it  seems  to  be  based  upon  a  careful 
study  of  the  pertinent  historical  materials. 

It  is  with  modern  rather  than  with  colonial  Vir- 
ginia that  "The  Voice  of  the  People,"  by  Miss 
Ellen  Glasgow,  is  concerned.  This  is  Miss  Glas- 
gow's third  novel,  and  it  is  thus  far  distinctly  her 
best.  Beginning  with  a  charming  description  of 
an  old  Virginian  town,  which  has  been  left  side- 
tracked in  the  march  of  modern  civilization,  and  is 
none  the  less  interesting  for  that,  we  are  at  once 
introduced  to  the  hero,  an  unprepossessing  child  of 
humble  parentage,  who  has  the  intellectual  instinct, 
and  who  is  determined  to  raise  himself  above  the 
level  of  his  surroundings.  The  book  is  essentially 
the  story  of  this  child's  career,  as  he  painfully  ac- 
quires an  education,  becomes  a  successful  lawyer, 
enters  politics,  and  is  chosen  Governor  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. He  illustrates  that  type  of  American 
manhood  of  which  Lincoln  is  the  great  historical 
exemplar,  and  of  which  Mr.  Ford's  Peter  Stirling 
is  a  striking  example  in  fiction,  the  type  of  sturdy 
honesty  and  downright  manliness  which  our  country 
is  still  capable  of  illustrating  from  time  to  time,  and 
without  which  our  prospects  would  indeed  be  hope- 
less. There  are  numerous  minor  characters  in  this 
book,  carefully  studied  and  agreeably  diversified, 
who  add  materially  to  the  interest,  but  the  figure 
of  Nicholas  Burr  rises  predominant  above  them  all, 
and  it  is  with  his  personal  fortunes  that  we  have 
chiefly  to  do.  In  the  end,  the  story  rises  to  the 
height  of  tragedy,  and  the  hero,  now  Governor  of 
the  State,  sacrifices  his  life  in  defending  the  honor 
of  the  Commonwealth.  A  negro  has  been  guilty  of 
a  nameless  crime,  and  a  lynching  party  has  been 
organized.  The  governor  comes  unexpectedly  upon 
the  scene  of  action,  opposes  the  lawless  fury  of  the 
mob,  and,  before  he  has  been  recognized,  is  mor- 
tally wounded  by  a  shot.  "And  he  died  for  a 
damned  brute,"  is  the  comment  of  a  bystander 
when  the  sobered  mob  learns  what  it  has  done. 
But  even  in  the  most  brutish  of  that  mob  there 
must  have  been  some  dim  recognition,  in  the  lesson 
thus  sharply  brought  home  to  them,  of  the  shame  of 
their  assault  upon  the  majesty  of  law,  and  of  the 
noble  cause  for  which  their  victim  had  given  his  life. 
Shocking  as  was  the  murder,  it  was  less  shocking 
and  less  permanently  demoralizing  than  the  success 
of  their  lawless  undertaking  would  have  been.  In 


24 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


describing  this  scene,  the  author  rises  to  the  true 
dignity  of  the  situation,  and  leaves  a  deep  impres- 
sion upon  the  minds  of  her  readers.  We  have  to 
thank  her  for  a  strong  book,  and  for  a  message  of 
practical  idealism  which  cannot  be  weighed  too 
seriously. 

An  interesting  subject  and  honest  workmanship 
combined  are  sufficient  to  make  a  good  book,  if  not 
exactly  a  strong  one.  This  is  what  we  are  offered 
by  Miss  Caroline  Brown's  "  Knights  in  Fustian,"  a 
story  of  Indiana  in  the  time  of  the  Civil  War.  The 
secret  organization  of  the  Knights  of  the  Golden 
Circle  forms  the  theme  of  this  very  readable  story, 
which  is  based  upon  a  careful  study  of  the  ramifi- 
cations of  their  conspiracy,  and  of  the  thwarting  of 
their  plans  by  the  firmness  and  vigilance  of  the 
great  War  Governor  of  the  State.  Although  Gov- 
ernor Morton  does  not  figure  largely  in  person,  he  is, 
in  a  sense,  the  real  hero  of  this  book,  which  is  essen- 
tially a  tribute  to  his  masterful  management  of  the 
difficulty  occasioned  by  the  treasonable  conspiracy 
in  question.  The  writer  truthfully  says  that  "  we 
of  a  later  generation  can  hardly  credit  the  extent  of 
the  organization,  and  the  heinousness  of  its  aims, 
which  included  crime  and  the  disruption  of  the 
Union."  As  a  description  of  this  interesting  epi- 
sode in  the  history  of  the  war  the  book  is  distinctly 
successful,  and  to  the  interest  of  this  theme  private 
interests  are  subordinated,  although  the  story  itself 
is  not  without  a  certain  amount  of  action  and  of 
skilful  characterization. 

Readers  of  "  The  New  Antigone  "  and  "  The 
Two  Standards,"  having  discovered  that  a  Catholic 
priest  may  be  as  good  a  novelist  as  anybody  else, 
will  turn  to  "  Arden  Massiter,"  Dr.  Barry's  third 
work  of  fiction,  with  something  like  enthusiastic 
anticipation.  Nor  will  they  be  disappointed,  for 
the  new  novel  is  the  best  of  the  three,  one  of  the 
best  novels,  in  fact,  that  have  appeared  for  many  a 
day.  It  is  not  such  a  novel  of  tendency  as  its  pre- 
decessors were ;  it  is  rather  a  brilliant  picture  of  life 
in  modern  Italy,  dramatic  in  manner  rather  than 
reflective,  straightforward  rather  than  discursive, 
and  intensely  interesting  from  first  to  last.  The 
variety  of  its  interest  is  such  as  to  appeal  to  many 
tastes.  Those  who  ask  for  nothing  more  than  a 
story  will  find  one  of  the  most  thrilling  sort,  a  story 
of  subterranean  Italy,  with  its  brigands,  anarchists, 
and  Camorristi,  a  story  of  adventure  and  intrigue, 
a  story  of  conspiracies  and  abductions  and  romantic 
passions.  Those  who  ask  more  of  a  book  than  this 
will  find  their  account  likewise.  They  will  find 
vivid  and  artistic  delineations  of  character,  im- 
pressive dramatic  situations,  that  sense  of  the  his- 
torical past  which  is  a  product  of  the  ripest  culture, 
and  that  insight  into  contemporaneous  conditions 
which  betokens  close  and  intelligent  observation. 
And  all  these  things  find  expression  in  a  style  so 
admirable,  so  distinctly  the  writer's  own,  so  terse 
and  direct  when  occasion  requires,  so  measured  and 
poetical  when  opportunity  permits,  that  interest  in 
the  mere  story  is  everywhere  accompanied  by  the 


feeling  that  the  book  is  much  more  than  a  story, 
that  it  belongs  to  a  high  and  rare  order  of  litera- 
ture. 

Miss  M.  Imlay  Taylor  is  the  author  of  a  growing 
series  of  historical  novels  in  which,  whether  she 
takes  for  her  subject  imperial  Russia  or  revolution- 
ary America,  the  England  of  Thomas  Cromwell  or 
the  France  of  Cardinal  Richelieu,  she  succeeds  in 
combining  entertainment  with  a  reasonable  modicum 
of  instruction.  Her  manner  is  facile,  she  has  an 
instinct  for  effective  points,  and  she  constructs  a 
plot  with  no  little  skill.  Her  latest  novels  are  "  The 
House  of  the  Wizard  "  and  "  The  Cardinal's  Mus- 
keteer." The  former  deals  with  the  court  of  Henry 
VIII.,  and  introduces  the  luckless  figure  of  Anne 
Boleyn  and  the  sinister  figure  of  the  Lord  Privy 
Seal.  It  is  a  pretty  romance,  provided  with  a  courtly 
hero  and  a  pert  heroine  of  the  customary  types. 
In  "The  Cardinal's  Musketeer,"  Miss  Taylor  has 
chosen  an  overworked  historical  period,  and  has 
contrived  to  tell  a  story  of  considerable  sustained 
interest  and  a  certain  delicate  charm.  The  con- 
spiracy of  Cinq  Mars  is  the  indirect  subject  of  the 
narrative,  although  that  luckless  personage  is  kept 
in  the  background.  The  great  Cardinal  appears, 
however,  upon  several  occasions,  but  he  is  too  evi- 
dently a  lay  figure  to  be  impressive.  The  musketeer- 
hero  is  no  dashing  Gascon  of  the  Artagnan  type, 
but  simply  a  gentleman  who  performs  his  part  cred- 
itably, and  proves  equal  to  a  number  of  difficult 
situations.  His  devotion  wins  the  customary  re- 
ward, and  there  is  the  usual  sentimental  and  happy 
ending. 

Mr.  William  J.  Locke  is  a  novelist  whose  stories 
are  always  welcome.  Their  workmanship  is  neat, 
and  they  agreeably  portray  modern  English  society 
in  its  superficial  aspects,  occasionally  also  striking 
some  deep  chord  of  human  feeling.  In  "The 
White  Dove  "  we  have  a  story  of  strictly  private 
interest,  concerned  with  two  or  three  peculiarly 
strong  and  lovable  characters,  and  with  some  others 
whose  wickedness  provides  the  necessary  foil.  It 
is  a  story  of  the  shadow  of  past  sins  falling  upon 
young  lives  and  well-nigh  marring  them  forever. 
It  has  the  defect  of  a  somewhat  exaggerated  senti- 
mental ism,  and  a  stern  moralist  might  object  to  the 
leniency  with  which  the  offenders  are  dismissed. 
"0  white  dove  of  the  pity  divine"  is  the  motto 
upon  the  title  page,  and  serves  to  explain  the  name 
given  to  the  book.  "Pardon's  the  word  for  all" 
might  have  been  added  as  a  supplementary  motto, 
for  the  spirit  of  forgiveness  hovers  over  the  closing 
pages,  and  even  the  villain  is  made  to  share  in  the 
writer's  largess.  Mr.  Locke's  style  is  for  the  most 
part  direct  and  simple,  but  glows  at  times  with  a 
poetic  touch,  and  leaves  a  pleasant  impression. 

In  writing  "  The  Bath  Comedy,"  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Castle  have  again  collaborated,  as  they  did  in  "  The 
Pride  of  Jennico."  The  result  is  one  of  the  most 
delicious  pieces  of  light  literature  which  it  has  often 
been  our  good  fortune  to  read.  It  is  a  story  of 
Bath  in  the  latter  half  of  the  eighteenth  century, 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


25 


the  year  not  too  precisely  defined.  "  A  sufficient 
reason  for  reticence  in  the  matter  of  exact  date  will 
be  found  in  the  unfortunate  predicament  of  the  then 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells ;  undoubtedly  a  most 
mortifying  episode  in  the  life  of  an  invariably  dig- 
nified Divine."  As  there  were  several  Bishops  of 
Bath  and  Wells  during  the  period  concerned,  no 
cause  for  scandal  is  given.  This  episode,  amusing 
as  it  is,  figures  as  only  one  of  a  long  series  packed 
into  the  few  days  which  the  story  covers.  As  inci- 
dent follows  upon  incident,  each  touched  with  the 
very  spirit  of  comedy,  the  delight  of  the  reader 
grows  apace,  and  he  feels  that  he  would  gladly  re- 
main in  such  company  for  an  indefinite  period. 
The  artful  minx  who  provides  the  story  with  all  its 
complication  is  so  fascinating  a  study  in  femininity 
that  we  cannot  feel  very  harshly  toward  her, 
although  a  severe  moralist  would  find  her  conduct 
highly  reprehensible.  The  book  offers  so  many 
surprising  developments,  and  is  so  bubbling  with 
mirth,  that  we  are  reluctant  to  think  that  we  shall 
know  the  heroine  no  longer.  As  far  as  the  story 
has  a  serious  side,  it  is  to  be  found  in  the  note  of 
passion  that  occasionally  makes  itself  heard,  and  in 
the  faithful  study  which  it  presents  of  the  language 
and  manners  of  English  fashionable  life  over  a 
hundred  years  ago. 

Mr.  Weyman,  in  the  search  for  material  fit  for 
his  purposes  as  a  novelist,  seems  to  have  abandoned 
Continental  themes  for  good,  and  to  have  settled 
upon  the  English  historical  past  as  the  best  field  for 
the  display  of  his  ingenuity.  This  material  is  less 
romantic  than  the  other,  but  he  is  more  intimately 
acquainted  with  it,  and  his  later  novels  upon  En- 
glish themes  have  more  reality  than  his  earlier  novels 
upon  French  ones.  The  habit  of  the  romancer  still 
clings  to  him,  and  his  invention  is  as  fresh  as  ever, 
but  it  is  impossible  to  claim  for  the  period  in  which 
he  has  elected  to  work  of  late  the  same  sort  and 
degree  of  interest  afforded  by  the  period  of  his  first 
books.  With  the  best  will  in  the  world,  one  cannot 
find  the  England  of  the  later  Stuarts  as  satisfactory 
a  subject  for  romantic  exploration  as  the  France  of 
Henry  IV.  and  of  Richelieu.  Mr.  Weyman's  latest 
story  is  entitled  "  Sophia,"  and  is  a  tale  of  the  years 
of  Queen  Anne.  The  interest  is  strictly  social  and 
private,  political  history  having  little  to  do  with  the 
occurrences  described.  The  heroine  is  a  wayward 
young  woman,  sought  for  her  fortune  by  a  villainous 
Irish  adventurer,  and  saved  from  his  persecution  by 
an  English  gentleman  of  mature  years,  whose  grave 
sincerity  she  at  first  despises,  but  who  in  the  end 
wins  her  affection.  The  story  has  much  variety  of 
both  incident  and  character,  and  leads  through  one 
desperate  adventure  after  another  to  a  conclusion 
that  is  satisfactory  to  everybody  who  deserves  to  be 
satisfied.  The  plot  is  of  a  nature  to  strain  the 
probabilities,  and  there  is  a  melodramatic  accumu- 
lation of  horrors,  but  the  narrative  is  at  least  saved 
from  prolixity,  and  holds  the  interest  of  the  reader 
unabated.  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


We  believe  few  persons  will   ever 
Primitive  lore         read   through    Mr.   H.   T.   Finck's 

and  love-stories.  ,  °    .  ,       .  -^  , 

ponderous    volume    of    u  Primitive 
Love  and  Love-Stories  "  (Scribner).    Not  that  the 
author's  style  is  unattractive,  or  his  subject  in  itself 
uninteresting  ;  but  it  is  dreary  work  to  plod  through 
eight  hundred  pages  of  ugly  print,  for  what  might 
have  been  better  said  in  two  hundred.    Mr.  Finck's 
contention  is  that  the  ancients,  and  the  modern  men 
who  in  savage  life  keep  up  ancient  conditions,  did 
not  and  do  not  experience  the  passion  of  romantic 
love.     In  other  words,  romantic  love  is  of  recent 
development  and  is  found  only  in  the  upper  stage 
of  culture  —  civilization.     The  author  begins  with 
an  analysis  of  the  emotion,  in  which  he  finds  just 
fourteen  ingredients  —  no  more,  no  less.      These 
ingredients  are  conveniently  and  neatly  divided  into 
two  groups,  of  just  seven  each.     There  are  seven 
egoistic  ingredients  —  individual  preference,  monop- 
olism, jealousy,  coyness,  hyperbole,  mixed  moods, 
and  pride  ;  there  are  seven  altruistic  ingredients  — 
sympathy,  affection,  gallantry,  self-sacrifice,  adora- 
tion, purity,  admiration  of  personal  beauty.     The 
ancients,  savages,  barbarians,  even  the  Orientals, 
may  have  sensual  love  with  the  seven  egoistic  ingre- 
dients ;  but  only  modern  civilized  white  men  have 
real  romantic  love,  with  the  lately  developed  seven 
altruistic  ingredients.     And,  alas,  but  few  modern 
civilized  white  men  have  experienced  this  supreme 
emotion.     Such  is  Mr.  Finck's  theme,  drawn  out 
through  eight  hundred  pages,  illogical,  repetitious, 
tiresome.     He  assumes  that  anthropologists  gener- 
ally assert  that  all  human  beings  have  fully  devel- 
oped love  of  the  romantic  type,  and  always  have 
had.    He  then  proceeds  to  demonstrate  their  errors. 
Probably  few  anthropologists  would  now,  or  ever, 
deny  Mr.  Finck's  fundamental  thought,  that  love  is 
a  growth  and  a  development.    In  demonstrating  his 
claim,    Mr.    Finck   follows   highly   unsatisfactory 
methods.     Starting  by  asserting  the  absolute  un- 
trustworthiness  of  certain  authors,  he  quotes  them  in 
his  own  support  when  it  suits  him.     Passages  are 
quoted  in  support  of  his  contention  at  one  point, 
which  are  absolutely  opposed  to  conclusions  which 
he  draws  elsewhere.     Insisting  on  literal  accuracy 
as  the  part  of  all  others,  he  himself  is  careless  in 
reference  and  statement.     Thus,  he  quotes  Charles 
A.  Leland  and  Lewis  A.  Morgan,  and  refers  (un- 
kindly) in  a  footnote  to  J.  S.  Wood :  these  names 
are  all  wrong.     He  states  that  Lewis  H.  Morgan 
lived  many  years  among  the  Iroquois,  and  that  he 
knew  more  about  the  Iroquois  than  anyone  else : 
both  false  statements.    Usually  these  would  be  small 
matters  to  criticize,  but  they  become  glaring  blun- 
ders considering  Mr.  Finck's  merciless   demands 
upon  others.    Mr.  Finck  waxes  sarcastic  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  barbarians  whose  "  love  "  but  shortly 
outlasts  the  loss  or  death  of  the  loved  woman ;  he 
is  ever  severe  with  people  who  "  love  "  more  than 


26 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


The  earth  as 
a  battle-field. 


one  at  a  time.  Plainly,  consistency  demands  that 
he  considers  romantic  love  as  single  and  life-long. 
How  surprising,  then,  that  he  insists  upon  telling 
us  more  than  once  that  he  has  been  (romantically) 
in  love  several  times.  Mr.  Finck  has  been  an  indus- 
trious reader,  and  has  really  gathered  a  great  mass 
of  material.  Had  he  been  scientific  in  method,  and 
constructive  instead  of  bitterly  and  partisanly  de- 
structive, he  might  have  rendered  a  real  service  to 
science  and  made  a  more  interesting  book,  which 
should  attempt  to  trace  the  growth  and  development 
of  the  love  sentiment  from  its  low  savage  beginnings 
up  to  its  most  beautiful  culmination.  We  regret 
that  he  has  missed  such  an  opportunity. 

War  is  just  now  the  all-absorbing 
topic,  and  rumors  of  wars  to  come  fill 
the  air — a  sorry  sequel  to  the  Czar's 
Peace  Congress,  that  promised  so  much  and  would 
seem  to  have  achieved  so  little  either  in  the  sphere 
of  events  or  in  the  public  mind.  South  Africa  is  lit 
with  battle-flames  in  a  contest  so  savage  that  the 
losses  on  one  side  must  soon  equal  the  total  forces  of 
the  other ;  our  own  country  is  engaged  in  the  bloody 
subjugation  of  far  distant  islands  in  the  ironically- 
named  Pacific ;  France  has  a  new  score  to  settle  with 
Perfidious  Albion,  and  boasts  ominously  that  she  was 
"  never  before  so  strong  as  now  ";  relations  between 
Russia  and  Japan  are  in  a  state  of  most  dangerously 
unstable  equilibrium  ;  a  great  conflagration  seems 
imminent  in  China ;  German  interests  are  growing 
apace  in  revolution-ridden  South  America ;  and 
Senator  Lodge  is  well  to  the  fore  at  Washington. 
That  war  has  suddenly  developed  a  new  horror,  in 
the  battle-songs  of  Mr.  Alfred  Austen,  gives  no 
pause  to  the  belligerent  humor  of  the  times.  In 
Anglo-Saxondom,  the  voice  of  the  man  of  peace  is 
drowned  by  the  strident  clamor  of  Kipling  and  his 
kind.  To  adapt  the  famous  phrase  of  Abbe"  Sieyes 
in  the  Reign  of  Terror,  of  what  avail  is  the  glass  of 
wine  of  moderate  civilized  men  like  Mr.  John  Morley 
amid  such  a  torrent  of  brandy?  Man,  after  all, 
appears  to  be,  as  Palmerston  cynically  said,  by  na- 
ture "  a  fighting  and  quarrelling  animal,"  and  must 
have  his  fill  of  battle  and  slaughter  regularly  every 
three  or  four  decades.  Never  at  any  previous  pe- 
riod of  the  world's  history  has  that  senseless,  savage 
thing,  race  hatred,  been  so  rife  and  so  actively  dis- 
seminated. Books  reflecting  the  turn  of  the  popular 
mind,  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  war-books,  thrive 
and  multiply.  Some  of  them,  by  gilding  and  glori- 
fying war,  pour  oil  on  the  flame,  and  actively  fur- 
ther the  work  of  Satan's  agents  in  the  newspapers ; 
others,  of  a  more  truthful  and  literal  sort,  by  paint- 
ing honestly  the  true  face  of  war,  with  its  squalor, 
ugliness,  and  infernal  horror  and  brutality,  make 
for  peace,  and  render  service  to  God  and  man. 
But  reports  of  slaughter  the  world  must  have,  now 
that  the  business  is  going  on  so  briskly  and  with 
such  promise  of  increase  in  the  near  future ;  and 
the  war-correspondent  is  having  his  day.  Not  to  be 
altogether  out  of  it,  in  the  matter  of  making  hay 


The  story 
of  China 

a*  a  nation. 


while  the  sun  shines,  older  war-correspondents,  who 
can  tell  of  past  wars  now  fading  into  relatively  an- 
cient history,  are  bestirring  themselves  and  raking 
over  the  embers  of  memory  for  matters  of  old  expe- 
rience still  worth  recounting.  A  writer  of  this  sort, 
and  one  with  a  turn  for  the  picturesque,  the  senti- 
mental, and  the  melodramatic,  is  Mr.  Irving 
Montague,  for  many  years  war  artist  and  corre- 
spondent of  the  "  Illustrated  London  News."  Mr. 
Montague  now  issues  a  readable  little  book  of 
sketches  (most  of  them  with  the  short-story  flavor) 
drawn  from  his  recollections  of  the  Franco-German 
and  Russo-Turkish  wars,  the  Spanish  civil  wars,  and 
the  days  of  the  Paris  Commune,  and  collectively 
entitled  "  Things  I  Have  Seen  in  War  "  (Wessels)  . 
Some  of  the  titles  are  :  "  An  Encounter  with  Kurds," 
"  Rescued  by  the  Red  Cross,"  "  Round  About  the 
Redoubts,  Plevna,"  "  Osman's  Last  Stand,"  "  A 
Harem  En  Dfehabiltt"  "Woman's  Influence  at  the 
Front,"  etc.  The  sketches  are  sufficiently  spirited, 
and  there  are  sixteen  illustrations  by  the  author. 

To  write  a  history  of  China  appro- 
priate  for  the  "  Stories  of  the  Na- 

tiong  „  gerie8  (putnam)   woul(J  geem 

a  difficult  task  in  condensation  and  elimination. 
Yet  Mr.  Robert  K.  Douglas  has  accomplished  this 
feat  in  a  surprisingly  entertaining  fashion,  for  he 
has  so  combined  interesting  incidents  with  the 
names  of  men  and  places  absolutely  unfamiliar  to 
American  ears  as  to  enlighten  the  reader  and  hold 
his  attention.  Probably  the  English  reader,  by 
reason  of  greater  familiarity  with  Chinese  politics 
and  history,  will  find  less  to  interest  him  in  this 
work  than  will  the  American  ;  but  for  the  latter 
the  author  has  rendered  a  real  service  in  his  delin- 
eation of  Chinese  government  and  diplomacy,  and 
more  than  all  in  his  characterization  of  Chinese 
methods  of  thought  and  feeling.  The  history  of 
China  can  by  no  possibility  be  condensed  satisfac- 
torily into  such  small  compass.  The  author  him- 
self has  recognized  this,  and  has  wisely  chosen  to 
confine  himself  to  stating  the  main  points  of  his 
story  in  such  order  as  to  preserve  the  historical  se- 
quence, while  national  Chinese  characteristics,  as 
exemplified  when  in  contact  with  various  foreign 
civilizations,  are  dwelt  upon  in  some  detail.  The 
most  positive  impression  received  is  that  of  the 
intense  pride  and  sense  of  superiority  with  which 
the  Chinese  authorities  regard  all  ideas  and  customs 
foreign  to  their  own  conception  of  life.  This  is  not 
merely  an  intolerance  of  Western  ideas,  but  an  ab- 
solute contempt  for  them,  as  manifestations  of  an 
inferior  civilization,  —  a  contempt  based  upon  the 
belief  that  the  nations  of  the  earth  are  glad  to  do 
homage  to  the  government  of  China,  and  that 
China's  intellectual  development  surpasses  that  of 
all  other  countries.  This  point  of  view  seems,  and 
really  is,  incomprehensible  to  the  citizen  of  a  mod- 
ern nation  ;  for,  well  as  he  thinks  he  understands 
the  Chinese  mind,  he  cannot  realize  the  Chinese 
indifference  to  governmental  corruption,  lethargy, 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


27 


"  Catering  to 
the  tky-line." 


and  incapability.  The  inability  of  peoples  of  di- 
verse methods  of  thought  to  understand  each  other 
is  here,  as  always,  a  cause  of  frequent  trouble,  and 
after  recounting  diplomatic  attempts  toward  the 
reasonable  settlement  of  various  disputes  Mr. 
Douglas  emphatically  asserts  that  the  only  success- 
ful method  of  dealing  with  China,  for  a  country  at 
variance  with  that  power,  is  to  reach  a  conclusion 
based  on  just,  not  selfish,  principles,  and  then  to 
use  force  if  necessary  in  putting  that  conclusion 
into  effect.  Just  now,  when  the  "  open  door  "  in 
China  is  being  so  constantly  exploited,  it  is  a  little 
surprising  that  the  author  should  fail  to  enlarge 
upon  the  merits  or  demerits  of  that  policy,  or  fail 
to  assume  the  prophetic  tone.  Happily,  however, 
he  has  confined  himself  to  history,  and  his  work 
closes  with  a  brief  account  of  the  war  with  Japan. 
The  book  has  many  illustrations,  excellent  in  them- 
selves, but  having  no  particular  connection  with 

the  text.  

"  Breezy "  is  doubtless  the  review- 
er's inevitable  word  for  Lilian  Bell's 
little  volume  of  impressions  of  for- 
eign lands,  entitled  "As  Seen  by  Me"  (Harper), 
and  the  "  breeziness "  sometimes  reaches  the  ty- 
phonic  pitch.  In  the  course  of  her  perigrinations 
abroad,  the  author  visited  London,  Paris,  Moscow, 
Rome,  Cairo,  Constantinople,  Athens,  etc.,  and  her 
account  of  how  the  effete  Old  World  impressed  her 
is  at  least  refreshingly  candid.  For  the  rest,  the 
quality  of  the  book  may  be  indicated  by  the  follow- 
ing passage  from  it,  which  is  prompted  by  Miss 
Bell's  mortification  at  the  relatively  sober  dress 
worn  by  our  official  representatives  abroad  :  "  Jef- 
fersonian  simplicity !  How  I  despise  it !  Thomas 
Jefferson,  I  believe,  was  the  first  populist.  We  had 
had  gentlemen  for  Presidents  before  him,  but  he 
was  the  first  one  who  rooted  for  votes  with  the 
common  by  catering  to  the  gutter  instead  of  to  the 
skyline,  and  the  tail  end  of  his  policy  is  to  be  seen 
in  the  mortifying  appearance  of  our  highest  offi- 
cials and  representatives.  Hinc  illce  lachrymce! 
...  I  have  worked  myself  into  such  a  towering 
rage  over  this  subject  that  there  is  no  getting  down 
to  earth  gracefully  or  gradually.  I  have  not  pol- 
ished off  the  matter  by  any  manner  of  means.  I 
have  only  just  started  in,  but  a  row  of  stars  will 
cool  me  off."  (A  row  of  cooling  asterisks  follows). 
Miss  Bell's  giddy  little  book  is  not  without  a  cer- 
tain cleverness,  but  cannot  in  candor  be  said  to 
"  cater  to  the  skyline." 

The  wth  century  W.e  like  the  beginning  of  Mr.  Bl- 
ow we  might  bridge  S.  Brooks's  "  Story  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century"  (Lothrop) 
better  than  its  close.  He  wrote  too  soon  for  the 
crowning  enormity  of  European  aggression  in  China, 
but  he  went  far  enough  to  have  been  able  to  draw  a 
striking  analogy  between  the  glories  of  the  French 
Revolution  going  out  in  Napoleonic  imperialism, 
and  the  glories  of  the  latter-day  Democracy  which 
he  lauds  so  highly  dimming  and  degrading  them- 


selves with  wars  of  exploitation  and  conquest  in  the 
Philippines,  or  South  Africa,  or  the  province  of 
Tientsin,  as  the  case  may  be.  At  least  there  was 
no  shadowy  pretence  of  philanthropy  or  civilization 
a  century  ago,  and  wars  of  conquest  were  wars,  not 
benevolences.  We  learn  from  Mr.  Brooks  that  on 
November  24,  1899,  "Aguinaldo's  Philippine  re- 
volt [was]  overthrown,"  a  pleasant  bit  of  news 
which  we  are  puzzled  to  account  for  either  as  be- 
lated or  prophetic.  His  closing  lines  inform  us  that 
the  Nineteenth  Century  "  steps  grandly  in  the  ad- 
vance as  the  flower  and  pride  of  all  the  centuries 
since  Christ  came  to  Bethlehem,  and  taught  men 
that  Golden  Rule  which,  after  nineteen  hundred 
years  of  slow  and  sullen  schooling,  is  to  become  the 
motive  and  creator  of  the  great  things  which  the 
new  century  holds  in  store  for  man." 

"  A.  lovelier  faith  their  happier  crown ; 
But  history  laughs  and  weeps  it  down," 

sings  Mr.  William  Watson ;  and  while  we  cannot 
but  envy  Mr.  Brooks  the  robustness  of  his  ethical 
digestion,  we  cannot  agree  that  he  is  doing  his 
readers  a  service  in  twisting  the  facts  of  recent 
years  into  a  support  for  the  Golden  Rule  as  distin- 
guished from  the  rule  of  gold.  The  American 
seems  to  be  getting  possessed  of  the  thought  that 
the  way  to  remedy  national  faults  is  to  turn  away 
the  head  lest  they  be  seen. 

Given  an  interest  in  science,  it  would 

be  d!fficf  J0  'magine  a  more,at- 

tractive  book  than  "  Flame,  Elec- 
tricity, and  the  Camera  "  (  Doubleday  &  McClure 
Company).  And  if  the  reader  brings  to  the  book  no 
prepossessions  in  favor  of  scientific  knowledge,  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  conceive  of  his  carrying  away 
none  with  him  after  reading  it.  The  salient  feature 
of  the  work  is  the  description  of  applied  science 
from  the  first  time  when  man  was  able  to  command 
fire  as  a  servant  down  to  the  present  era  of  varied 
wonders,  each  more  amazing  than  the  last.  Those 
who  were  born  in  time  to  have  their  daguerreotypes 
taken  (and  Mr.  lies  reminds  us  that  Miss  Draper, 
whose  face  was  the  first  to  be  portrayed  by  the  com- 
bined use  of  sunlight  and  chemicals,  is  still  living) 
have  a  certain  advantage  over  their  juniors  in  this 
very  feeling  of  wonder ;  not  being  born  to  it  after 
the  manner  of  the  younger  generation,  successive 
discoveries  are  not  taken  as  matters  of  course  — 
indeed,  there  be  those  of  us  to  whom  the  telephone 
is  not  quite  real,  and  the  phonograph  uncanny. 
But  to  all,  young  or  old,  this  book  must  make  its 
appeal.  Albeit  science  has  lent  much  of  its  best 
effort  to  the  horrible  art  of  destruction  known  as 
war,  it  affords  the  best  argument  for  peace,  if  only 
that  our  civilization  may  live  long  enough  to  avail 
itself  of  the  countless  benefits  of  which  nothing 
but  savage  and  barbarous  greed  can  now  deprive 
us.  In  addition  to  all  that  appears  on  the  surface 
of  Mr.  Iles's  work,  there  is  a  pervasive  argument 
which  proves  that  every  new  step  forward  in  the 
way  of  increased  resources  reacts  and  interacts 


28 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


upon  the  whole  body  of  science  in  granting  another 
point  of  view,  and  so  fairly  forcing  still  another 
step  by  which  the  process  is  to  be  repeated. 

A  cyclopedia  of  Persons  who  are  fastidious  about 
correspondence  their  stationery,  and  especially  those 
and  heraldry.  wno  affect  heraldic  blazonry  thereon, 
will  do  well  to  consult  Mr.  F.  Schuyler  Mathews's 
pretty  and  carefully  prepared  little  manual  entitled 
«  The  Writing  Table  of  the  Twentieth  Century  " 
(Brentano's).  The  book  forms  an  elementary  ac- 
count of  heraldry  (especially  designed  for  the  needs 
of  American  readers),  art,  engraving,  and  the  estab- 
lished forms  for  correspondence,  and  contains  over 
three  hundred  illustrations  by  the  author,  which 
include  the  armorial  bearings  and  devices  of  over 
five  hundred  Colonial  American  families.  Those 
who  choose  to  decorate  their  note-paper,  etc.,  with 
these  old-world  symbolic  insignia  should  remember 
that  nothing  is  more  vulgar  and  ludicrous  in  the  eyes 
of  the  initiated  than  solecisms  and  improprieties  in  the 
use  of  them.  The  question  whether  or  no  the  use  of 
them  at  all  in  democratic  America  be  a  solecism  we 
do  not  care  to  discuss  just  now.  But,  at  all  events, 
if  they  are  to  be  used  they  should  be  used  correctly 
and  with  strict  regard  to  prescribed  heraldic  form, 
and  only  by  those  whose  clear  and  demonstrable 
hereditary  right  it  is  to  do  so.  A  "  bogus  "  coat-of- 
arms  means  a  "  bogus  "  man  ;  and  there  is  surely  no 
more  pitiful  spectacle  of  the  kind  in  the  world  than 
an  American  thus  fraudulently  posing  as  a  scion  of 
the  feudal  aristocracy  of  Europe  —  adding,  as  it 
were,  the  guilt  of  apostasy  to  the  meanness  of  petty 
larceny.  After  a  general  introduction  discussing 
pro  and  con  the  propriety  of  bearing  a  coat-of-arms 
in  America,  Mr.  Mathews  proceeds  to  treat  in 
detail  of  the  principles  and  insignia  of  heraldry,  of 
visiting  cards,  cards  of  invitation,  wedding  invita- 
tions and  announcements,  bookplates,  monograms, 
dies,  seals,  etc.,  and,  lastly,  of  writing  papers.  The 
book  is  tastefully  illustrated,  and  should  form  a 
helpful  and  graceful  adjunct  to  the  home  writing- 
table. 

Without  conceding  that  the  Bacon- 
ian theorv  of  the  authorship  of  the 
B™on-Shake*peare.  Shakespearean  dramas  has  ever  at- 
tained the  importance  which  warrants  much  serious 
discussion,  it  is  pleasant  to  observe  that  Mr.  Charles 
Allen  has  written  an  interesting  book  in  his  "  Notes 
on  the  Bacon-Shakespeare  Question"  (Houghton). 
Himself  a  lawyer,  the  author  performs  a  service  in 
clearing  away  the  doubts  which  former  legal  com- 
mentators have  raised  in  respect  of  Shakespeare's 
legal  attainments  —  not,  indeed,  by  denying  them, 
but  rather  by  extolling  them  to  a  point  where  the 
uninstructed  could  point  the  finger  and  say,  "No 
one  but  a  lawyer  could  have  known  this ;  Shake- 
speare was  not  a  lawyer ;  ergo,  Bacon  wrote  it." 
Mr.  Allen  shows,  quite  conclusively,  that  the  poet 
was  as  often  wrong  as  right  in  his  use  of  legal 
terms  and  ideas,  and  that  he  nowhere  displays 
more  knowledge  of  the  law  than  a  man  of  property, 


A  lawyer's 
notes  on 


Palmistry, 
with  modern 

adaptations. 


such  as  he,  would  ordinarily  display.  By  cleverly 
reversing  the  process  just  noted,  the  author  easily 
proves  the  plays  to  contain  such  a  knowledge  of 
stage-craft  and  play-acting  as  Bacon  could  not  have 
acquired  without  a  complete  overthrow  of  the  facts 
in  his  biography,  saying  in  effect,  "No  one  but  an 
actor-manager  could  have  known  this  ;  Bacon  was 
not  an  actor-manager;  ergo,  Shakespeare  wrote  it." 
The  book  evinces  careful  and  intelligent  reading, 
and  is  evidently  a  work  of  love  —  a  typical  work,  in 
fact,  for  a  highly  cultured  lawyer  to  take  up  by  way 
of  avocation. 

"  ^  sufficeth  to  know,"  quoth  Mon- 
taigne,  "  that  Mars  his  place  lodgeth 

jn  the  mi(jdle  of  th<J  hands  triangle  . 

that  of  Venus  in  the  Thumme  ;  and  Mercuries  in 
the  little  finger  ;  And  when  a  womans  naturall  line 
is  open,  and  closes  not  at  angle  with  the  vital,  it 
evidently  denotes  that  she  will  not  be  very  chast." 
But  it  means  nothing  of  the  sort  in  "  The  Practice 
of  Palmistry  for  Professional  Purposes  and  Scien- 
tific Students"  (Laird  &  Lee),  for  the  compiler, 
M.  le  Comte  C.  de  Saint-Germain,  graduate  of  the 
University  of  France  in  both  letters  and  law  though 
he  be,  has  no  fortunes  of  that  sort  to  evolve,  having 
suited  his  ancient  art  to  the  exigencies  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  conventions.  His  work  is  most  inclusive, 
even  to  the  point  of  containing  a  plate  from  Fer- 
rier's  great  work  on  brain  functions  in  the  earlier 
part,  and  another  from  somebody's  phrenology  in 
the  later.  It  contains  1,254  original  illustrations 
besides,  and  is  certainly  set  forth  in  sufficient  detail 
to  tell  any  sort  of  fortune  which  is  not  too  uncon- 
ventional for  modern  discussion.  That  it  fills  a 
public  want  cannot  be  doubted,  for  it  would  appear 
that  America  is  perfectly  capable  of  suiting  its 
popular  science  to  its  popular  politics,  discussing 
astrology  and  protection,  palmistry  and  imperial- 
ism, with  an  intense  sobriety  which  augurs  volumes 
for  the  strenuous  life.  As  Montaigne  remarks  in 
another  place,  "the  higher  the  ape  climbs,  the 
longer  his  tail  appears." 

The  plaint  of  The  unpretentious  little  book  by  Mr. 
o  disquieted  Austin  Miles  entitled  "  About  My 

Christen.  Father's  Business"   (The  Mersbon 

Company)  is  the  story  of  a  preacher  who  made  a 
desperate  attempt  to  serve  God  and  Mammon,  and 
has  in  it  much  about  a  strike  and  the  aspirations  of 
the  laboring  classes.  Artless  to  the  last  degree  in 
any  literary  sense,  the  very  naivete  of  the  narrative 
tempts  the  reader  on  and  on,  until  the  conclusion  — 
quite  as  artless  as  the  rest  —  is  reached.  And  when 
reached  it  will  be  apparent  that  the  author  is  very 
much  in  earnest,  and  takes  to  heart  the  thought  that 
there  is  so  little  place  made  for  the  poor  in  churches 
which  are  preparing  a  way  for  the  rich  without  the 
use  of  the  needle's  eye.  Many  earnest  men  have 
observed  with  sadness  the  difference  between  the 
Christian  life  set  forth  in  the  New  Testament  and 
the  one  led  by  professing  Christians  in  the  modern 
commercial  world  :  the  difference  appears  radical  in 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


29 


A  barren 


Mr.  Miles'a  book,  where  simple  and  undoubting 
faith  plays  an  alluring  and  noble  part.  To  a  cer- 
tain extent,  "  About  My  Father's  Business  "  will  be 
called  disquieting.  _ 

Daniel  Folkmar's  Lemons  d'Anthro- 
poloffiephilosophique(Pa.ris:  Schlei- 
Antkropoiogy.         cner  Frere8)  j8  incoherent  in  matter, 

and  in  treatment  slipshod.  The  author  claims  that  in 
it  "  Ethics  is  reduced  to  a  scientific  prevision  ";  he 
attempts  "  to  show  that  positivism,  determinism,  and 
even  materialism,  furnish  a  sufficient  basis  for  an 
adequate  system  of  morals."  He  endeavors  to  syn- 
thesize the  results  of  contributory  sciences,  and  to 
indicate  new  and  important  work  for  the  specialists 
to  do  in  their  respective  fields.  He  has  clearly  not 
digested  the  results  of  work  in  any  of  these  "  con- 
tributory sciences,"  and  often  betrays  painful  igno- 
rance of  their  most  simple  materials.  Always 
promising  to  go  more  profoundly,  in  another  chap- 
ter, into  subjects  lightly  touched  in  his  treatment, 
he  never  really  develops  any  thought.  We  have 
rarely  to  deal  with  a  book  so  uninteresting,  indefi- 
nite, and  barren. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


The  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  publish  "The  Cuban- 
American  Tratado  Analitico  y  Clave  de  Vocalizacion  y 
Pronunciacion  del  Idioma  Ingle's,"  by  Seilor  Lorenzo  A. 
Ruiz.  It  is  essentially  a  word-book  classified  under 
the  several  vowels  of  the  English  language  —  that  is, 
under  each  vowel  there  is  given  an  alphabetical  arrange- 
ment, extending  to  several  pages,  of  the  words  which 
contain  tbat  vowel,  and  their  equivalents  in  Spanish. 
This  expedient  seems  to  us  of  doubtful  value,  as  it  re- 
quires the  student  to  look  up  a  word,  not  by  the  initial 
letter,  but  by  the  principal  vowel.  It  is  only  fair  to  add, 
however,  that  the  work  is  intended  for  a  lesson-book 
rather  than  for  a  dictionary. 

"  The  International  Year  Book  "  for  1899,  edited  by 
Professor  Frank  Moore  Colby,  is  published  by  Messrs. 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  This  is  the  second  annual  publi- 
cation of  the  work,  a  fact  which  seems  to  argue  that 
the  volume  of  last  year  proved  successful.  There  are 
nearly  nine  hundred  pages  and  many  illustrations,  the 
latter  including  a  dozen  or  more  well-executed  maps. 
The  articles  are  not  signed,  but  the  names  of  the  chief 
contributors  are  published.  As  a  work  of  reference  for 
subjects  of  contemporaneous  interest,  this  year  book  is 
invaluable  for  such  persons  as  editors  and  teachers,  as 
well  as  for  readers  of  all  sorts  who  wish  to  keep  well- 
informed. 

Miss  Carla  Wenckebach  has  condensed  the  colossal 
historical  romance,  "  Ein  Kampf  urn  Rom,"  by  Herr 
Felix  Dahn,  into  a  small  volume  for  school  use.  Other 
German  texts  are  "  Aus  Meinem  Konigreich,"  tales  by 
"Carmen  Sylva,"  edited  by  Dr.  Wilhelm  Bernhardt; 
Keller's  "  Romeo  und  Julia  auf  dem  Dorfe,"  edited  by 
Dr.  W.  A.  Adams;  and  Zschokke's  "  Das  Wirtshaus  zu 
Cransac,"  edited  by  Professor  E.  S.  Joynes.  A  recent 
French  text  is  Gautier's  "  Jettatura,"  edited  by  Dr.  A. 
Schinz.  All  these  books  are  published  by  Messrs.  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Co. 


NOTES. 


The  "Captivi"  of  Plautus,  edited  by  Mr.  G.  E. 
Barber,  is  a  college  text  published  by  Messrs.  B.  H. 
Sanborn  &  Co. 

The  "  World's  Congress  Addresses  "  of  Mr.  Charles 
Carroll  Bonney  are  issued  by  the  Open  Court  Publish- 
ing Co.  as  a  number  of  "  The  Religion  of  Science  Li- 
brary." 

The  "  Haworth"  edition  of  the  Bronte  sisters  (Har- 
per) is  now  rounded  out  by  the  publication  of  Mrs. 
GaskelFs  "  Life  of  Charlotte  Bronte,"  with  an  editorial 
introduction  by  Mr.  Clement  K.  Shorter. 

The  amusing  "  Georgie  "  stories,  contributed  by  Mr. 
S.  E.  Kiser  to  the  columns  of  the  Chicago  "  Times- 
Herald  "  during  the  last  few  months,  are  now  issued  in 
book-form  by  Messrs.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co. 

"The  Great  Stone  of  Sardis"  and  "The  Girl  at 
Cobhurst "  are  the  latest  additions  to  the  new  library 
edition  of  Mr.  F.  R.  Stockton's  writings,  now  being 
published  by  Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

"Bride  Roses"  and  "Room  Forty-five,"  by  Mr. 
W.  D.  Howells,  are  two  additions  to  the  author's  series 
of  farces.  Each  of  them  makes  a  neat  booklet  with 
the  imprint  of  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

One  of  the  most  attractive  school  editions  of  Scott's 
"  Ivanhoe  "  is  that  lately  issued  by  Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath 
&  Co.  The  volume  is  edited  by  Mr.  Porter  L.  Mc- 
Clintock,  and  contains  several  illustrations  by  Mr.  C.  E. 
Brock. 

Carlyle's  "  French  Revolution  "  makes  two  volumes 
in  the  new  "  Library  of  English  Classics,"  now  in  course 
of  publication  by  the  Messrs.  Macmillan.  Mr.  A.  W. 
Pollard  is  the  editor  of  these,  as  of  the  other  volumes 
of  the  series. 

The  "  Iliad  "  of  Messrs.  Lang,  Leaf,  and  Myers,  and 
the  "  Odyssey  "  of  Messrs.  Butcher  and  Lang,  both  in 
English  prose,  as  we  hardly  need  to  state,  are  repub- 
lished  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  in  inexpensive  new  editions 
for  the  use  of  students. 

"  The  History  of  Language,"  by  Mr.  Henry  Sweet, 
and  "  A  History  of  South  Africa,"  by  Mr.  W.  Basil 
Worsfold,  are  two  "  Temple  Primers,"  in  addition  to 
those  of  which  we  recently  acknowledged  the  receipt. 
The  Macmillan  Co.  are  the  publishers. 

A  new  edition,  in  one  volume,  of  the  "  Life,  Diary, 
and  Letters  of  Edward  Thring  "  by  Mr.  George  R. 
Parkin,  is  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  With  the 
exception  of  a  few  minor  omissions  the  text  of  this 
cheaper  edition  is  identical  with  that  of  the  two- volume 
work  issued  some  time  ago. 

The  "  Browning  Study  Programmes  "  arranged  by 
Miss  Charlotte  Porter  and  Miss  Helen  A.  Clarke,  are 
published  by  Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  in  two  edi- 
tions. One  fills  a  single  substantial  volume;  the  other 
occupies  two  smaller  ones,  uniform  with  the  favorite 
"  Camberwell  "  edition  of  the  poet. 

First  in  the  field  among  books  descriptive  of  the  great 
exhibition  now  in  progress  at  Paris  is  Messrs.  Laird  & 
Lee's  "  Paris  and  the  Exposition  of  1900."  The  volume 
consists  of  nearly  two  hundred  half-tone  plates,  illus- 
trating the  principal  buildings  and  points  of  interest  on 
the  Exposition  grounds,  characteristic  scenes  in  the 
streets  and  parks  of  Paris,  etc.,  the  whole  forming  a 
collection  of  interest.  The  necessary  amount  of  de- 
scriptive text  is  supplied  by  Mr.  Max  Maury. 


30 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


ONE  HUNDRED  BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER 
BEADING. 

A   SELECT  LIST  OF  SOME  RECENT  PUBLICATIONS. 

[Fuller  descriptions  of  the  following  books,  of  the 
sort  popularly  known  as  "  Summer  reading,"  may  be 
found  in  the  advertising  pages  of  this  number  or  of 
recent  numbers  of  THE  DIAL.] 

FICTION. 

Allen,  Grant.    Hilda  Wade.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $1.50. 
Allen,  James  Lane.    The  Reign  of  Law.    Macmillan  Go. 

$1.60. 
Altsheler,  J.  A.    In  Circling  Camps.    D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

$1.50. 

Atherton,  Gertrude.    Senator  North.    John  Lane.    $1.50. 
Balfour,  Andrew.     Vengeance  Is  Mine.    New  Amsterdam 

Book  Co.    $1.50. 

Barry,  William.    Arden  Massiter.    Century  Co.     $1.50. 
Barton,  William  E.    Pine  Knot.    D.  Appleton  &  Co.    $1.50. 
Baskett,  James  Newton.   As  the  Light  Led.    Macmillan  Co. 

$1.50. 
Bates,  Arlo.    Love  in  a  Cloud.    Houghton,  Mifllin  &  Co. 

$1.50. 

Benson,  E.  F.  Princess  Sophia.   Harper  &  Brothers.    $1.25. 
Besaiit,  Sir  Walter.    The  Alabaster  Box.    Dodd,  Mead  & 

Co.    $1.50. 
Brown,  Caroline.    Knights  in  Fustian.    Honghton,  Milllin 

&  Co.    $1.50. 
Capes,  Bernard.    From  Door  to  Door.    Frederick  A.  Stokes 

Co.    $1.50. 
Castle,  Agnes  and  Egerton.    The  Bath  Comedy.    Frederick 

A.  Stokes  Co.    $1.50. 
Chambers,  Robert  W.  The  Conspirators.  Harper  &  Brothers. 

$1.50. 
Clark,  Kate  Upson.    White  Butterflies.    J.  F.  Taylor  &  Co. 

$1.25. 

"  Connor,  Ralph."  The  Sky  Pilot.  F.  H.  Revell  Co.    $1.25. 
Converse,  Florence.  The  Burden  of  Christopher.  Honghton, 

Mifflin  &  Co.    $1.50. 

Corelli,  Marie.     Boy.    J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.    $1.50. 
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Co.    $1.50. 

Davis,  William  S.   A  Friend  of  Caesar.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 
Day,  Holman  F.  Up  in  Maine.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  $1. 
Desaar,  Leo  Charles.    A  Royal  Enchantress.    Continental 

Publishing  Co.    $1.50. 
Devereux,  Mary,  From  Kingdom  to  Colony.    Little,  Brown, 

&  Co.    $1.50. 

Dix,  Edwin  Asa.    Deacon  Bradbury.    Century  Co.    $1.50. 
Doyle,  A.  Conan.  The  Green  Flag.  McClure,  Phillips  &  Co. 

$1.50. 
Druramond,    Hamilton.    A  Man  of   his    Age.    Harper  & 

Brothers.     $1.25. 
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Mead  &  Co.    $1.25. 
Ellis,  J.  Breckenridge.  The  Dread  and  Fear  of  Kings.  A.  C. 

McClurg  &  Co.    $1.25. 
Embree,  Charles  F.    A  Dream  of  a  Throne.    Little,  Brown, 

&  Co.    $1.50. 
Field  and  Irwin.    Stanford  Stories.    Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

$1.25. 
Fowler,  Ellen  Thorneycroft.  The  Farringdons.   D.  Appleton 

&  Co.     $1.50. 

Friedman,  I.  K.  Poor  People.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  $1.50. 
Gallagher,  Grace  Margaret.    Vassar  Stories.    R.  G.  Badger 

&  Co.    $1.25. 
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$1. 
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$1.50. 
Green,  Anna  Katharine.  A  Difficult  Problem.  F.  M.  Lupton 

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lishing Co.    $1.25. 

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Harland,  Henry.     The  Cardinal's  Snuff  Box.    John  Lane. 

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&  Co.     $1.25. 

Hayes,  Frederick  W.    A  Kent  Squire.    F.  M.  Lupton  Pub- 
lishing Co.    $1.50. 
Hough,  E.    The  Girl  at  the  Halfway  House.     D.  Appleton 

&  Co.     $1.50. 
Howard,   Blanche  Willis.    The  Garden  of  Eden.    Charles 

Scribner's  Sons.    $1.50. 
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Johnston,  Mary.    To  Have  and  to  Hold.    Houghton,  Mifflin 

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TOPICS  IK  L.EADING  PERIODICALS. 

July,  1900. 

Ash-Heap,  the  8175,000,000,  Lessons  of.  W.  J.  Boies.  Forum. 

Australian  Constitution,  New.    H.  H.  Lusk.   Rev.  of  Rev. 

Biological  Research,  Recent.    E.  B.  Wilson.    International. 

Boer  as  a  Soldier.    T.  F.  Millard.     Scribner. 

Bryan,  William  Jennings.    C.  R.  Spahr.   Review  of  Reviews. 

Bubonic  Plague,  The.    Cyrus  Edson.    International. 

Children  in  Public  Libraries.  Katharine  Smith.  Rev.  of  Rev. 

Chinese  Civilization.    D.  Z.  Sheffield.    Forum. 

Civic  Festivals  and  Processions.     Century. 

Commercial  Ascendency  of  the  U.  S.    C.  D.  Wright.   Century. 

Cotton-Mills  in  Cotton-Fields.    Leonora  Ellis.    Rev.  of  Rev. 

Creative  Imagination,  Nature  of.    Th.  Ribot.    International. 

Crime,  Is  It  Increasing  ?    R.  P.  Falkner.    Forum. 

Cuba  of  To-day  and  To-morrow.    J.  D.  Whelpley.  Atlantic. 

Executive,  Independence  of  the.  Grover  Cleveland.  Atlantic. 

German  Colonial  Experiment,  A.    Chas.  Denby,  Jr.    Forum. 

Germany,  Our  Relations  with.    W.  C.  Fox.    Forum. 

Government  Service,  Does  It  Pay  ?    A.  M.  Low.    Forum. 

Harvard  College  58  Years  Ago.    G.  F.  Hoar.    Scribner. 

Hawaii's  Real  Story.    F.  L.  Clarke.    Forum. 

Health,  The  Tendency  to.    D.  G.  Mason.    Scribner. 

Histories,  Popular.    J.  H.  Robinson.    International. 

Impressionism  and  Appreciation.    Lewis  E.  Gates.   Atlantic 

Journalism,  Invasion  of.    A.  R.  Kimball.    Atlantic. 

Ladysmith,  Relief  of.    R.  H.  Davis.    Scribner. 

Life  Assurance,  Prejudices  about.  J.  W.  Alexander.  Atlantic. 

Literary  Criticism,  American.  W.  M.  Payne.  International. 

Missouri.    Charles  M.  Harvey.    Atlantic. 

Musical  Life,  Memories  of  a.     William  Mason.     Century. 

Out-Door  Literature,  American.    H.  L.  West.    Forum. 

Paris,  Artistic.    Richard  Whiteing.     Century. 

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Philanthropy,  A  Profitable.    Helen  R.  Albee.    Rev.  of  Rev. 

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Public  Library  and  the  Public  School.     Review  of  Reviews. 

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School-Committee  Woman,  Meditations  of  a.    Atlantic. 

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Slave-Trade  in  America.    John  R.  Spears.    Scribner. 

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Trees.    Frank  French.    Scribner. 

United  States  as  a  World  Power.    C.  A.  Conant.    Forum. 

Vittoria,  Battle  of.    Stephen  Crane.    Lippincott. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  containing   76  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 
Spencer  and  Spencerism.    By  Hector  Macpherson.   12mo, 

uncut,  pp.  241.     Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.     $1.25. 
John  Ruskin.    By  Mrs.  Meynell.    12mo,  pp.  291.    Dodd, 

Recollections  of  a  Lifetime.  By  General  Roeliff  Brinker- 
hoff .  Illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  448.  Robert  Clarke  Co.  $2. 

Twenty  Years  in  Europe :  A  Consul-General's  Memories  of 
Noted  People,  with  Letters  from  General  W.  T.  Sherman. 
By  S.  H.  M.  Byers.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  320.  Rand, 
McNally  &  Co.  81.50. 

The  Westminster  Biographies.  First  vols:  Robert 
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uncut.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  Per  vol.,  75  cts. 

The  Erskines.  By  A.  R.  MacEwan.  12mo,  pp.  160.  "  Fa- 
mous Scots."  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  75  cts. 

Stephen  Decatur.  By  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady.  With 
portrait,  24mo.  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  142.  "  Beacon  Biogra- 
phies." Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  75  cts. 

.    HISTORY. 

Side  Lights  on  English  History:  Being  Extracts  from 
Letters,  Papers,  and  Diaries  of  the  Past  Three  Centuries. 
Collected  and  arranged  by  Ernest  F.  Henderson,  Ph  D 
Illus.,  4to,  pp.  300.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  85. 

South  Africa,  Past  and  Present :  An  Account  of  its  History, 
Politics,  and  Native  Affairs ;  Followed  by  Some  Personal 
Reminiscences  of  African  Travel.  By  Violet  R.  Markham. 
Illus.,  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  450.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
83.50. 

The  Filipino  Martyrs:  A  Story  of  the  Crime  of  February  4, 
1899.  By  an  eye  witness,  Richard  Brinsley  Sheridan. 
12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  212.  John  Lane.  81.25. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Pausanias,  and  Other  Greek  Sketches.  By  J.  G.  Frazer. 
12mo,  uncut,  pp.  419.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Representative  Significance  of  Form :  An  Essay  in 
Comparative  ^Esthetics.  By  George  Lansing  Raymond, 
L.H.D.  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  514.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
82. 

The  Story  of  Grettir  the  Strong.  Trans,  from  the  Ice- 
landic by  Eirfkr  Magniisson  and  William  Morris.  New 
edition ;  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  306.  Longmans,  Green.  & 
Co.  $2. 

Cap  and  Gown  in  Prose:  Short  Sketches  Selected  from 
Undergraduate  Periodicals  of  Recent  Years.  Edited  by 
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&  Co.  $1.25. 

Talks  with  Barbara.  By  Elizabeth  Knight  Tompkins.  12mo, 
uncut,  pp.  279.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  81.50. 

Studies  in  Poetry:  Critical,  Analytical,  Interpretative.  By 
Thomas  O'Hagan,  M.A.  With  portraits,  12mo,  pp.  114. 
Marlier,  Callanan,  &  Co.  50  cts. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 
Works  of  Lord  Byron.  New.  revised,  and  enlarged  edition. 

Poetry,  Vol.  III.,  edited  by  Ernest  Hartley  Coleridge,  M.A. 

Illus.   in  photogravure,    8vo,  gilt  top,   uncut,   pp.  546. 

Charles  Scribner's  Sons.    $2. 
The  French  Revolution :  A  History.    By  Thomas  Carlyle. 

Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  804.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.   81.75. 
Cassell's  National  Library.     New  vols.:  Shakespeare's 

Pericles,  Keats's  Endymion,  Walton's  Complete  Angler, 

Plutarch's  Lives  of  Alexander  and  Caesar,  and  Maunde- 

ville's  Voyages  and  Travels.    Each  24mo.    Cassell  &  Co., 

Ltd.    Per  vol.,  paper,  10  cts. 

VERSE. 

A  Book  of  Verses.    By  Robert  Loveman.    12mo,  pp.  95. 

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The  Choice  of  Achilles,  and  Other  Poems.     By  Arthur 

Gray   Butler.     12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,   pp.  93.     Oxford 

University  Press.    75  cts. 


32 


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[July  1, 


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Hilda  Wade:  A  Woman  with  Tenacity  of  Purpose.    By 

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The  Heart's  Highway:  A  Romance  of  Virginia  in  the 

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The  Man  That  Corrupted  Hadleyburg,  and  Other  Stories 

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Elissa;  or.  The  Doom  of  Zimbabwe ;  and  Black  Heart  and 

White  Heart:  A  Zulu  Idyll.  By  H.  Rider  Haggard.  Illus., 

12mo,  pp.  350.     Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.     $1.25. 
The  Banker  and  the  Bear:  A  Story  of  a  Corner  in  Lard. 

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In  Circling  Camps:  A  Romance  of  the  Civil  War.     By 

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The  Sword  of  the  King.    By  Ronald  MacDonald.     12mo, 

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Trolley  Trips  in  and  about  Fascinating  Washington. 
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How  to  Know  the  Wild  Flowers :  A  Guide  to  the  Names, 
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Bird  Notes  Afield:  A  Series  of  Essays  on  the  Birds  of  Cal- 
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How  to  Recite :  A  School  Speaker.   By  F.  Townsend  South- 
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With    portrait,    16mo,    pp.    268.      Henry    Holt   &    Co. 
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The  True  Citizen:  How  to  Become  One.  By  W.  F.  Mark- 
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COLUMBUS   IN   CUBA. 


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36 


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[July  1, 


Black  Rock 
The  Sky  Pilot 


"  «  Ralph  Connor  '  is  some  man's  nom  de  plume.  The 
world  will  insist  on  knowing  whose.  One  who  can 
write  such  a  book  as  '  Black  Rock  '  has  no  right  to  con- 
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in  the  lumber  and  mining-camps  of  surpassing  merit. 
With  perfect  wholesomeness,  with  exquisite  delicacy, 
with  entire  fidelity,  with  truest  pathos,  with  freshest 
humor,  he  has  delineated  character,  has  analyzed  mo- 
tives and  emotions,  and  has  portrayed  life.  Some  of 
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commensurate  with  its  merits,  will  prove  one  of  the 
most  popular,  as  it  is  one  of  the  best  and  most 
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THE    DIAL 


[July  1,  1900. 


Just 
Published 


B 
o 
Y 


FIRST  EDITION  OF  40,000  COPIES 
A  NEW  LONG  NOVEL 

BY 

MARIE  CORELLI 


BOY 


A  SKETCH 


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Just 
Published 


B 
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Y 


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EDITION  JUST  OFF   THE  PRESS 


MARIE  CORELLI'S 

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BOY 


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"  The  Sorrows  of  Satan" 

From  THE  WORCESTER  SPY. 

M  The  story  is  one  full  of  pathos  and  reality." 

From  THE  NEW  YORK  TIMES  SATURDAY  REVIEW. 

"  In  «  BOY,'  her  latest  work,  Miss  Corelli  is  at  her  best.  In  this  she  has  written  a  story 
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The  story  is  excellently  constructed,  and  is  told  with  charming  simplicity  of  style.  The  char- 
acters are  well  drawn,  and  the  whole  atmosphere  of  the  tale  is  lifting.  As  a  study  of  the  pos- 
sible effects  of  good  influences  in  overcoming  the  tendencies  of  heredity  it  is  thoughtful,  and  it 
will  add  to  the  solidity  of  its  author's  reputation." 

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42 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16,  1900. 


THE    NEW   SUMMER    READING 


"A  GREAT  BOOK —  GREAT  ALIKE  IN  BEAUTY  AND  IN  DEPTH."—  N.  Y.  Times  Saturday  Review. 
JAMES  LANE  ALLEN'S  New  Novel:     THE   REIGN  OF   LAW. 


JUST  "It  is  primarily  the  work  of  an  artist  to  whom  the  dramatic  interest  is  supreme, 

PUBLISHED,      but  the  artist  is  also  a  close,  courageous,  and  reverent  thinker.  ...  In  this  latest  work 
Cloth    $1.50.      *ie  nas  to'^  tne  story  °f  two  human  souls  with  that  exquisite  beauty  which  reminds 


,,,    .    .   ,  , 

HARRY  FENN 
,-  c  EARI 


the  reader  of  Hawthorne."—  HAMILTON  W.  MABIB,  in  The  Outlook. 
••  '  THE  REIGN  OF  LAW  '  is  the  highest  achievement  of  one  of  the  ablest  contemporary  American  novelists."  —  News. 
"  That  it  will  take  its  place  as  ONE  OF  THE  NOTABLE  BOOKS  OF  THE  YEAR  practically  goes  without  saying,  and  wherever 
the  best  and  noblest  of  English  speech  is  appreciated  this  book  will  find  a  hearing."  —  Louisville  Times. 

New  Editions  of  JAMES  LANE  ALLEN'S  Novels  Complete. 

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OTHER  NEW  NOVELS— STRIKING  DELINEATIONS 


OF  MODERN  BUSINESS  LIFE. 

THE  BANKER  AND  THE  BEAR. 

THE  By  HENRY  KITCHELL  WEBSTER. 

"An  exciting  and  absorbing  story." 

— N.  Y.  Times  Saturday  Review. 
"  A  most  fascinating  book." 

— Times-Herald  ( Chicago ) . 


STORY  OF 
A  CORNER  IN 

LARD. 
Cloth,  $1.50. 


OF  LIFE  IN  PAGAN  ROME. 

A  FRIEND  OF  CCSAR. 


A  TALE  OF 

THE  FALL  OF 

THE  ROMAN 

REPUBLIC. 

Cloth,  $1.50. 


By  WILLIAM  STEARNS  DAVIS. 

"  As  a  story  there  can  be  no  question  of  its 

success,  yet  to  say  so  is  to  give  a  most  meagre 

idea  of  the  large  sustained  interest  of  the 

whole."  — NANCY  H.  BANKS  in  Bookman. 


OF  ANGLO-INDIAN  LIFE. 

VOICES  IN  THE  NIGHT. 


Cloth, 
$1.50. 


BY  FLORA  ANNIE  STEEL. 
"  A  novel  which  grows  in  power  and  interest 
...  as  it  nears  its  climax  .  .  .  surprising  one 
with  the  extent  and  thoroughness  of  the  au- 
thor's knowledge."— The  Outlook. 


OF  AMERICAN  FARM  LIFE. 

As  THE  LIGHT  LED. 

BY  JAMES  NEWTON  BASKETT. 
„.  t.  "  A  strong  and  vital  story  of  the  Middle  West. 

Cioin,          jt  onght  to  be  w;deiy  read."— Boston  Budget. 


$1.50. 


"  A  popular,  wholesome,  every-day  story." — 
Courier- Journal. 


OF  AMERICAN 

SOCIAL  LIFE  IN 

THE  MIDDLE  WEST. 

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THE  WEB  OF  LIFE. 

"The  greatest  study  of  American  social  life  .  .  .  ever 
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it  is  absorbing"  (Bookman);  "Most  emphatically  worth 
reading"  (Boston  Budget),  were  among  the  comments  on 
Mr.  Herrick's  last  novel. 


By  ROBERT   HERRICK, 
University  of  Chicago, 

Author  of 
THE  GOSPEL  OF  FREEDOM. 


TIMELY  BOOKS. 


WORLD  POLITICS 


At  the  End  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  as  Influenced  by  the  Oriental  Situation. 

By  PAUL  S.  REINSCH,  Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

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had  been  specially  prepared  for  this  crisis." 

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MONOPOLIES  AND  TRUSTS. 

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THE  WAR  IN  SOUTH  AFRICA  : 

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By  J.  A.  HOBSON,  lately  correspondent  from  South  Africa 

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Bryce."—  The  Nation. 


AN  OUTLINE  OF  POLITICAL  GROWTH  IN  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

By  Principal  EDMUND  HAMILTON  SEARS,  Mary  Institute,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Cloth,  8vo,  $3.00  net. 

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— The  Outlook.  

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


THE  DIAL 

Scmi'iHontfjIg  Journal  of  Eitcrarg  Criticism,  JBiscusision,  anfc  Information. 


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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 


No.  S38. 


JULY  16,  1900.        Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


A   YEAR'S    PROGRESS   IN    SECONDARY   AND 

HIGHER  EDUCATION.    B.  A.  Hinsdale    .    .    43 

COMMUNICATIONS 47 

Dangers  and  Drawbacks  in  Endowments.     Elmer 

L.  Kenyan. 
Wanted  —  A  Bibliographical  Institute.    Aksel  G.  S. 

Josephson. 

MR.  FISKE  ON  THE  CIVIL  WAR.    James  Oscar 

Pierce 49 

THE   WORKING   PEOPLE   OF  AMERICA.    John 

J.  Holden  .    50 


THE  EMPIRE  OF  THE  MOORS.    Ira  M.  Price 


51 


AN    ETHNOGRAPHIC    ALBUM    OF    MEXICAN 

INDIANS.    Merton  L.  Miller 52 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 53 

Cromwell  as  a  national  hero. —  Stevenson's  romantic 
life. —  The  rational  care  of  children. —  Hard  realities 
of  warfare  in  the  Philippines.  —  The  growth  of 
modern  democracy.  —  A-wheel  in  Normandy.  —  Re- 
collections of  Presidential  campaigns.  —  Dr.  E.  E. 
Hale  on  Emerson.  —  Gargantua  and  Pantagruel  in  a 
new  dress. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 56 

NOTES 56 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .    57 


A  YEARS  PROGRESS  IN  SECONDARY 
AND  HIGHER  EDUCATION. 

Only  scattering  and  fragmentary  reports  of 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Educational 
Association,  held  last  week  in  Charleston,  S.  C., 
have  yet  reached  the  public.  Scattering  and 
fragmentary  as  these  reports  are,  yet,  taken  in 
connection  with  the  elaborate  programme  pre- 
viously published,  they  bring  under  survey 


nearly  the  whole  field  of  education,  public  and 
private.  Among  the  many  important  subjects 
discussed,  none  surpassed  those  relating  to 
secondary  and  higher  education,  especially  as 
these  relate  to  each  other.  The  truth  is  that 
in  the  two  fields  —  or  in  the  one  field,  if  we  are 
to  consider  them  as  being  but  one  —  very  un- 
usual progress  was  made  during  the  year  just 
closed.  A  resume  of  the  leading  facts  consti- 
tuting this  progress  may  aid  readers  of  THE 
DIAL  to  grasp  the  import  of  the  Charleston 
discussions,  and  to  discern  whither,  for  the 
time,  the  educational  affairs  of  our  country  are 
tending. 

The  Committee  on  College  Entrance  Re- 
quirements, appointed  in  pursuance  of  action 
taken  in  Denver  in  1895,  finished  its  labors  and 
published  its  report  in  time  for  presentation 
and  discussion  at  the  Los  Angeles  meeting  a 
year  ago.  The  main  object  of  this  Report,  it 
will  be  remembered,  was  not  to  fix  or  to  recom- 
mend requirements  for  admission  to  the  col- 
leges and  universities,  but  rather  to  make  up  a 
list  of  studies  deemed  suitable  for  this  purpose, 
to  establish  a  series  of  units  or  measures,  and 
to  urge  the  adoption  of  this  list  upon  the  sec- 
ondary and  higher  schools.  To  repeat  a  figure 
that  was  used  in  the  discussions  at  Chicago  last 
year,  the  aim  of  the  Committee  was  to  create  a 
uniform  educational  coinage  with  which  stu- 
dents going  to  college  could  discharge  their 
entrance  indebtedness,  the  amount  of  which 
indebtedness  the  various  institutions  would  fix 
for  themselves.  Four  periods  a  week  for  a 
school  year  was  made  the  unit  of  value  —  the 
dollar  of  this  new  coin  of  the  educational 
realm ;  and  the  colleges  were  strongly  urged 
not  to  break  up  these  dollars  into  "  change," 
save  perhaps  in  a  single  instance  that  is  more 
apparent  than  real.  To  carry  out  this  central 
idea,  much  more  college  entrance-work  was 
approved  or  "  stamped  "  than  any  institution 
could  require  or  most  secondary  schools  could 
furnish  ;  thus  preparing  the  way  for  a  liberal 
list  of  electives  in  the  secondary  schools  and  of 
entrance  alternatives  at  the  colleges.  Still,  the 
Committee  strove  to  hold  both  electives  and 
alternatives  in  check,  by  insisting  upon  certain 


44 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


constant  studies :  namely,  four  units  in  foreign 
languages,  two  units  in  mathematics,  two  in 
English,  one  in  history,  and  one  in  science. 
Beyond  these  constants,  it  was  assumed  that 
the  schools  would  do  the  work  they  were  best 
fitted  to  do. 

Important  discussions  and  legislation  have 
followed  this  report,  conforming  in  general  to 
the  lines  the  Committee  had  marked  out.  In 
fact,  no  one  of  the  numerous  reports  which  the 
National  Educational  Association  has  published 
in  the  last  few  years  has  been  followed  by  hap- 
pier immediate  results.  The  Board  of  Educa- 
tion of  the  City  of  Chicago  has  adopted  a 
programme  of  studies  that  is  in  many  respects 
in  accord  with  the  recommendations  of  the 
Committee  ;  while  a  committee  is  now  at  work 
arranging  for  an  approximate  uniformity  of 
college  entrance  requirements  in  the  State  of 
Illinois. 

In  May  last,  the  Association  of  Colleges  and 
Preparatory  Schools  of  the  Middle  States  and 
Maryland  adopted  a  plan  of  organization  for  a 
College  Entrance  Examination  Board  that 
should  do  the  work  of  examining  for  all  the 
institutions  directly  interested.  This  move- 
ment had  its  immediate  rise  in  an  address  upon 
the  subject  delivered  before  the  Association  in 
December,  1899,  by  Dr.  Nicholas  Murray 
Butler.  The  new  board,  which  is  the  central 
feature  of  the  plan  of  organization,  consists  of 
the  president  or  authorized  representative  of 
each  college  or  university  of  the  Middle  States 
and  Maryland  having  a  freshman  class  of  not 
fewer  than  fifty  students,  counting  both  the 
course  in  Arts  and  in  Sciences,  and  of  five 
representatives  of  secondary  schools  to  be 
chosen  annually  by  the  Association  from  among 
those  that  adopted  the  plan,  or  in  such  manner 
as  it  may  direct.  The  machinery  and  methods 
of  this  board  are  topics  that  lie  aside  from  our 
present  path.  It  suffices  to  say  that  the  ob- 
ject of  the  board,  as  expressed  in  the  resolutions 
adopted  at  Trenton  in  December,  is  "  to  bring 
about,  as  rapidly  as  possible,  agreement  upon 
a  uniform  statement  as  to  each  subject  required 
by  two  or  more  colleges  for  admission,"  and  to 
*'  hold  or  cause  to  be  held,  at  convenient  points, 
in  June  of  each  year,  a  series  of  college  admis- 
sion examinations,  with  uniform  tests  in  each 
subject,  and  issue  certificates  based  upon  the 
results  of  such  examinations  ";  the  several  col- 
leges in  the  Middle  States  and  Maryland  to 
accept  the  certificates  so  issued,  "  so  far  as  they 
go,  in  lieu  of  their.own  separate  examinations." 
This  scheme  will  go  into  operation  the  coming 


autumn,  and  the  first  examinations  will  be  held 
in  June  of  next  year.  The  subjects  that  have 
been  chosen  are  English,  history,  Latin,  Greek, 
French,  German,  mathematics,  physics,  chem- 
istry, botany,  and  zoology.  The  institutions 
represented  are  Barnard,  Bryn  Mawr,  Colum- 
bia, Rutgers,  Swath  more,  Union,  Vassar,  and 
Woman's  Colleges,  and  Colgate,  Cornell, 
Princeton,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania  Uni- 
versities ;  or  all  the  institutions  within  the  geo- 
graphical limits  described  which  have  freshman 
classes  of  fifty  or  more  students.  These  names 
are  at  once  a  pledge  that  the  new  plan  will  be 
thoroughly  tried,  and  also  that,  if  successful,  it 
will  exert  a  far-reaching  influence.  The  board 
of  examination  does  not  propose  to  interfere 
directly  with  college  entrance  requirements  in 
respect  either  to  the  studies  or  to  the  amount 
of  work  and  study  that  shall  be  demanded  for 
admission ;  but  only  to  establish  and  carry  on 
a  mint  for  the  coining  of  money  that  shall  have 
a  uniform  value,  with  which  students  can  pay 
their  college  entrance  charges.  However,  re- 
sults that  are  not  formally  provided  for  are 
quite  certain-  to  follow.  The  plan  will  save 
much  labor  and  expense ;  cause  the  necessary 
work  to  be  better  done  ;  bring  about  a  healthful 
degree  of  uniformity  in  studies  ;  save  students, 
preparatory  teachers,  and  professors  (deans 
especially)  much  unnecessary  work  and  per- 
plexity; cultivate  good  relations  among  institu- 
tions, and  between  institutions  and  the  public  ; 
and  tend  to  abolish  what  Dr.  Butler  has  called 
"  our  educational  atomism."  Perhaps  it  is  too 
much  to  expect  Eastern  colleges  and  univer- 
sities to  adopt  at  present  the  Western  plan  of 
receiving  freshmen  on  the  leaving  certificates 
of  approved  preparatory  schools ;  but  while  they 
are  moving  slowly  toward  that  goal,  the  Middle 
States  and  Maryland  may  well  be  congratulated 
on  the  long  step  they  have  taken  in  establishing 
this  Board  of  Examinations.  Henceforth,  Chaos 
ought  not  to  sit  as  umpire  over  the  colleges  and 
universities  of  that  region,  and,  by  deciding, 
more  to  embroil  the  fray. 

Much  the  most  important  action  taken  by 
any  single  college  or  university  during  the  year 
in  respect  to  entrance  is  the  new  requirements 
for  admission  to  Columbia  College.  Elemen- 
tary French  and  German  have  long  been  col- 
lege studies,  and  within  the  last  few  years  some 
institutions  have  put  elementary  Greek  on  the 
same  list.  Columbia  has  now  taken  the  unpre- 
cedented step  of  adding  elementary  Latin. 
The  immediate  result  will  be  that  a  student  who 
has  taken  a  non-Latin  course  in  the  secondary 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


45 


school  may  enter  Columbia  College  and  pro- 
ceed to  the  degree  of  A.B.  without  prejudice 
arising  from  that  fact.  The  total  requirement 
for  admission  is  fixed  at  fifteen  points,  of  which 
three  must  be  in  English  and  three  in  elemen- 
tary mathematics ;  while  the  remaining  nine 
may  be  selected,  in  measures  ranging  from  one 
point  to  four  points,  from  a  total  of  twenty-six 
points  to  be  made  in  Latin,  Greek,  history, 
French,  German,  mathematics,  physics,  Span- 
ish, chemistry,  botany,  physiography,  and  zool- 
ogy. At  the  University  of  Michigan,  also,  the 
entrance  requirements  have  been  revised  in  the 
interest  of  simplicity  and  elasticity. 

At  the  Washington  meeting  of  the  National 
Educational  Association,  two  years  ago,  the 
writer  of  this  article  presented  a  paper  in  the 
department  of  Higher  Instruction  on  the  possi- 
bility and  desirability  of  forming  a  federation 
of  colleges  and  universities  in  the  United  States 
similar  to  the  Association  of  American  Medical 
Colleges.  After  discussion,  a  committee  of  five 
was  appointed  to  report  at  the  uext  annual 
meeting  of  the  department  a  practical  plan  of 
effecting  such  a  federation,  and  to  offer  recom- 
mendations with  reference  to  the  same ;  but 
this  committee  was  not  heard  from  last  year  at 
Los  Angeles.  However,  another  movement, 
somewhat  similar  to  this  one  in  the  outcome, 
but  wholly  separate  from  it  in  origin  and 
original  purpose,  has  eventuated  in  an  organ- 
ization known  as  the  Association  of  American 
Universities.  A  circular  letter,  signed  by  the 
presidents  of  Harvard,  Columbia,  Johns  Hop- 
kins, Chicago,  and  California  Universities,  was 
sent  to  certain  selected  institutions,  inviting 
them  to  a  conference  to  be  held  in  Chicago  in 
February,  at  the  time  of  the  meeting  of  the 
Department  of  Superintendence,  to  consider 
primarily  the  relations  of  American  schools  and 
students  to  German  universities.  In  the  course 
of  the  discussions  at  the  conference,  this  sub- 
ject was  quietly  dropped,  and  an  association 
bearing  the  name  already  given  was  organized. 
The  object  of  this  organization  is  the  consid- 
eration of  matters  of  common  interest  relating 
to  graduate  study,  and  its  membership  is  natur- 
ally limited  to  institutions  that  are  actually 
engaged  in  giving  advanced  or  graduate  instruc- 
tion. The  initial  membership  consists  of  Cali- 
fornia, Chicago,  Clark,  Columbia,  Cornell, 
Harvard,  Johns  Hopkins,  Michigan,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Princeton,  Stanford,  Wisconsin,  and 
Yale  Universities,  and  the  Catholic  University 
of  America  ;  and  provision  is  made  for  length- 
ening the  list  at  the  annual  conference,  by  the 


admission  of  other  institutions,  on  the  invita- 
tion of  the  executive  committee  endorsed  by  a 
three-fourths  vote  of  the  members.  It  is  ex- 
pected by  the  founders  of  this  association  that 
it  will  do  something  of  value  for  fixing  the 
standard  for  the  Ph.D.  degree,  and  for  its 
proper  administration.  It  may  prove  to  be, 
what  one  writer  has  already  declared  that  it  is, 
"  a  long  step  toward  complete  university  coop- 
eration." 

To  explain  in  full  the  present  status  of  the 
proposition  to  found  a  national  institution  of 
learning  at  the  national  capital  is  not  an  easy 
matter.  It  appears,  however,  to  present  three 
distinct  forms.  The  first  is  the  plan,  which 
has  Washington  for  its  author,  to  establish  at 
the  capital  of  the  nation  a  statutory  university. 
This  plan  is  now  pending  before  the  Senate  in 
the  form  of  "  A  Bill  to  Establish  the  Univer- 
sity of  the  United  States,"  introduced  by  Mr. 
Depew.  The  second  form  is  the  plan  to  organ- 
ize for  the  purposes  of  instruction  the  various 
scientific  facilities,  resources,  and  materials 
belonging  to  the  government  at  Washington, — 
such  as  libraries  and  museums,  collections  and 
laboratories,  — under  the  supervision  and  over- 
sight of  the  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution, which  forms  the  centre  of  the  new 
scheme ;  the  instruction  furnished  to  be  limited 
to  students  who  are  graduates  of  properly  ac- 
credited institutions,  or  those  who  are  other- 
wise properly  qualified  ;  and  no  degrees  to  be 
conferred  in  connection  with  such  instruction. 
The  third  form  of  the  proposition  is  to  make  the 
Bureau  of  Education,  rather  than  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  the  administrative  centre  of 
the  Bureau  of  Research,  as  the  new  organiza- 
tion is  sometimes  called.  Of  these  three  plans, 
the  first  is  presse.d  more  or  less  vigorously  by 
a  national  committee  of  some  four  hundred 
members,  having  Dr.  John  W.  Hoyt  as  its 
chairman  ;  the  second  is  urged  with  much  per- 
sistence by  the  American  Association  of  Agri- 
cultural Colleges  and  Experiment  Stations ; 
while  the  third  does  not  appear  to  have  any 
organized  support. 

The  committee  of  fifteen  appointed  by  the 
President  of  the  National  Council  of  Educa- 
tion, in  July,  1898,  to  investigate  the  entire 
subject  of  the  establishment  of  a  National  Uni- 
versity, has  pronounced  decidedly  against  the 
plan  of  a  statutory  institution,  and  has  virtu- 
ally, if  not  formally,  declared  in  favor  of  some 
alternative  plan.  The  attitude  of  this  commit- 
tee is  well  shown  by  two  of  the  propositions 
that  it  has  adopted. 


46 


THE   DIAL 


[July  16, 


"  The  government  is  not  called  upon  to  maintain  at 
the  Capital  a  University  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  that 
term." 

"  That  a  sub-committee  be  requested  to  prepare  for 
consideration  by  the  full  committee  a  detailed  plan  by 
which  students  who  have  taken  a  baccalaureate  degree, 
or  who  have  had  an  equivalent  training,  may  have  full 
and  systematic  advantage  of  the  opportunities  for  ad- 
vanced instruction  and  research  which  may  now  or  may 
hereafter  be  afforded  by  the  government;  such  a  plan 
to  include  the  cooperation  with  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution of  the  universities  willing  to  accept  a  share  of 
the  responsibilities  incident  thereto." 

For  some  reason,  the  full  committee  did  not 
at  its  February  meeting  adopt  the  report  of  the 
sub- committee,  but,  after  discussion,  referred 
it  back  to  the  sub-committee  without  action. 
It  was  expected  that  the  subject  would  come 
up  for  final  disposition  at  the  late  meeting  of 
the  National  Educational  Association,  in  sub- 
stantial accordance  with  the  above  report. 

So  the  matter  stands  at  present.  Unless 
Congress  shall  sooner  cut  the  Gordian  knot, 
which  is  hardly  to  be  expected,  the  next  step, 
if  any,  will  no  doubt  be  taken  by  the  Regents 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  Conjectures 
as  to  what  they  will  probably  do  would  be  pre- 
mature. It  is  known,  however,  that  while  the 
Regents  are  in  sympathy  with  the  ultimate 
purpose  of  the  American  Association  of  Agri- 
cultural Colleges  and  Experiment  Stations, 
they  find  themselves  seriously  embarrassed 
when  they  take  up  the  question  of  the  provis- 
ion of  funds  with  which  to  do  the  work  that 
would  be  required,  and  the  further  question  of 
correlating  formal  instruction  or  teaching  with 
their  own  original  and  primary  office  of  ad- 
vancing knowledge  among  men.  To  quote  one 
of  the  abler  organs  of  public  opinion : 

"  One  of  the  most  interesting  developments  of  spe- 
cialization now  going  on  in  higher  education  in  this 
country  is  that  which  looks  toward  a  better  training  for 
business  men  and  civil  servants.  Whatever  the  pre- 
vailing view  of  the  primary  objects  of  a  college  or  a 
university,  and  however  narrowly  one  may  be  disposed 
to  limit  its  essential  field,  there  can  be  no  question  that 
the  most  progressive  of  these  institutions  are  now  zeal- 
ously seeking  to  put  themselves  in  touch  with  the  prac- 
tical business  needs  of  the  times,  and  to  fit  their  stu- 
dents for  participation  in  every-day  affairs." 

Proofs  of  this  tendency  have  become  too 
pronounced  to  be  overlooked  or  underrated. 
The  Wharton  School  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  the  School  of  Political  Science 
of  Columbia  University,  and  the  elaborate 
courses  in  history  and  economics  at  several  of 
the  stronger  institutions,  were  the  forerunners 
of  the  new  movement.  Two  years  ago,  the 
University  of  California  founded  a  School  of 


Commerce,  including  in  its  curriculum  studies 
in  history,  political  science,  commercial  and 
international  law,  technological  subjects,  and 
modern  languages  ;  and  laying  emphasis  upon 
our  commercial  relations  with  Asia.  A  little 
more  than  a  year  ago,  the  New  York  Chamber 
of  Commerce  determined  to  cooperate  with 
Columbia  University  in  establishing  a  collegi- 
ate course  of  instruction  in  commerce,  to  be 
open  to  high-school  graduates,  and  to  cover 
four  years.  Dartmouth  College  has  recently 
announced  the  Tuck  School,  with  a  programme 
of  studies  bearing  directly  upon  preparation 
for  business  and  administrative  life.  Again, 
the  University  of  Wisconsin  has  also  taken 
steps  to  organize  a  School  of  Commerce,  while 
the  University  of  Michigan  has  just  sent  out 
an  announcement  of  special  courses  in  higher 
commercial  education  and  in  public  adminis- 
tration. These  courses  are  especially  intended 
for  students,  graduates  or  under-graduates,  who 
desire  to  specialize  in  history,  economics,  and 
related  subjects ;  but  they  are  also  thrown  open 
to  those  who  wish  to  prepare  for  the  polit- 
ical and  social  side  of  newspaper  work,  for 
teaching  history  and  political  science  in  col- 
leges and  high  schools,  for  philanthropic  and 
pastoral  work,  or  for  diplomatic  or  consular 
service. 

These  several  schools  and  courses  of  instruc- 
tion are  not  yet  fully  organized,  but  that  con- 
summation will  not  be  long  deferred.  The 
causes  that  have  produced  them,  and  that 
promise  to  produce  others  like  them,  call  for 
but  the  slightest  suggestion.  They  are  the  in- 
dustrial and  political,  the  commercial  and  so- 
cial, activities  of  the  times.  Such  schools  and 
courses  would  no  doubt  have  come  in  time,  had 
the  nation  moved  on  in  its  old  path ;  but  they 
have  been  materially  hastened  by  the  fuller 
development  of  the  national  self-consciousness 
that  has  followed  events  in  our  recent  history. 
Those  persons  who  adopt  Mr.  Lowell's  charac- 
terization of  a  university  as  a  place  where  noth- 
ing useful  is  taught,  are  not  likely  to  take 
kindly  to  the  new  development ;  but  they  are 
no  more  likely  to  oppose  to  it  a  successful  re- 
sistance. In  fact,  we  are  but  following  in  the 
footsteps  of  Europe.  Special  schools  for  teach- 
ing business  and  administration  have  already 
been  successfully  established  in  France,  Ger- 
many, Austria,  and  Italy  —  the  best  known  of 
all,  perhaps,  being  the  school  at  Leipsic.  The 
new  University  of  Birmingham,  England,  will 
include  a  faculty  of  commerce. 

B.  A.  HINSDALE. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


47 


COMMUNICA  TIONS. 


DANGERS  AND  DRAWBACKS  IN  ENDOWMENTS. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  publication,  in  THE  DIAL  for  June  16,  of  statistics 
regarding  recent  gifts  and  bequests  for  educational, 
religious,  and  other  humane  purposes,  suggests  some 
further  comments.  In  the  first  place  it  is  to  be  noticed 
that  not  only  was  the  gross  amount  contributed  for 
1899  ($65,000,000)  much  greater  than  for  any  other 
year  recorded  (1893-1899),  but  the  number  of  con- 
tributors was  nevertheless  smaller,  making  the  average 
amounts  contributed  one-half  larger,  than  for  any  pre- 
vious year.  In  other  words,  much  larger  sums  were 
contributed  by  a  smaller  number  of  individuals.  These 
statistics  do  not  include,  however,  endowments  under 
five  thousand  dollars,  though  these  must  have  been 
important,  and  may  even  have  exceeded  in  gross  amount 
the  sums  tabulated.  Only  by  knowing  the  increase  or 
decrease  in  the  gross  amount  of  these  smaller  endowments 
can  the  complete  significance  of  the  published  statistics 
concerning  larger  endowments  be  determined.  Since 
this  is  not  known,  we  are  quite  in  the  dark  regarding 
the  relative  gross  amount  of  all  endowments  for  1899 
compared  with  those  for  previous  years.  We  may  sup- 
pose, however,  that  they  were  probably  somewhat 
greater,  since  the  presumptive  decrease  in  smaller  en- 
dowments was  very  likely  more  than  made  up  by  the 
increase  in  very  large  gifts.  The  impression  shining 
out  of  the  article  referred  to,  that  we  have  entered  into 
a  very  paradise  of  institutional  endowments,  may  re- 
quire modification.  Since  these  tabulations  seem  to 
show  that  not  more  than  one  in  fifty,  or  possibly  one  in 
a  hundred,  of  our  millionaires  contributed  at  all,  and 
since  single  individuals  or  corporations  are  known  to 
have  accumulated  within  the  single  year  sums  bordering 
close  upon,  or  exceeding,  the  entire  amount  of  these 
tabulations,  we  should  exercise  due  restraint  in  judging 
Ihe  self-sacrificing  benevolence  of  this  wealthy  social 
class. 

If  these  statistics  for  1899  really  point,  as  they  seem 
to  point,  to  a  future  in  which  many  smaller  endowments 
must  give  place  to  fewer  large  ones,  to  accord  perhaps 
with  tendencies  toward  concentration  of  wealth,  we  may 
well  hesitate  to  express  congratulation  for  any  expected 
future  increase  in  the  total  amounts.  As  between  hav- 
ing educational  and  humane  institutions  supported  by 
many  smaller  contributions,  or  by  few  large  ones,  by  all 
means  if  possible  let  us  have  the  former.  In  the  first 
place,  this  would  signify  that  the  people  themselves 
were  financially  able  and  willing  to  maintain  their  own 
cherished  institutions;  while  a  people  who  are  able  to 
have  great  institutions  only  through  the  gifts  of  the 
very  wealthy  are  in  danger  of  being  blinded  by  the 
ameliorating  and  debauching  influences  of  charity  to 
the  paramount  duty  of  obtaining  more  just  economic 
conditions  for  society  in  general.  Moreover,  that  any- 
one should  be  able  by  reason  of  his  wealth  to  influence 
unduly  our  religious  or  educational  institutions,  is  on 
the  whole  unfortunate.  When  these  institutions  are 
carried  on  through  the  support  of  many  persons,  there 
need  be  little  fear  of  undue  domination  by  any  particular 
benefactor.  But  if  an  institution  owes  its  existence 
wholly,  or  in  very  large  part,  to  the  financial  support  of 
one  man,  he  is  in  a  position  to  exercise  very  great  influ- 
ence over  its  management  and  policy.  If  the  endow- 
ment of  institutions  had  no  bearing  upon  the  material 


welfare  of  their  administrators,  and  if  human  action 
were  honestly  determined  in  strict  accordance  with 
correct  reasoning  processes,  we  should  have  no  occasion 
to  fear  the  subtle  influence  of  wealth  upon  our  educa- 
tional or  religious  institutions.  But  the  material  wel- 
fare of  the  adminstrators  is  closely  wrapped  up  in  the 
worldly  success  of  these  institutions;  and  the  human 
mind  is  wonderfully  impressionable,  and  always  prone 
to  be  swayed  by  transient  conditions  and  temptations. 
The  destruction  of  ideals  is  a  subtle  and  gradual  pro- 
cess, and  once  begun  it  is  not  easy  for  it  to  stop. 

Of  course,  the  sort  of  influence  exercised  by  a  munifi- 
cent donor  will  depend  upon  the  man.  His  influence 
may  be  broad  and  wholesome,  or  narrow  and  injurious. 
But  the  fact  that  it  is  exercised,  in  a  large  degree, 
under  practical  compulsion,  makes  it  always  objection- 
able. Moreover,  it  is  usually,  if  not  always,  a  secret 
influence.  Thus  it  may  happen  that  an  institution 
which  stands  before  the  world  as  free  and  sincere,  may 
in  fact  be  in  certain  respects  scarcely  more  than  the 
hired  advocate  of  a  certain  rich  benefactor.  I  do  not 
say  that  all  large  endowments  are  attended  with  this 
insidious  influence;  but  I  do  say  that  the  possibility  of 
such  influence  is  real  enough  to  awaken  serious  mis- 
givings. 

In  times  of  social  and  economic  ferment  and  unrest, 
such  as  we  are  living  in,  it  is  very  important  that  two 
institutions,  because  of  their  functions  as  moral  and 
economic  teachers,  should  remain  absolutely  unham- 
pered, —  the  church  and  the  college.  And  in  view  of 
the  well-known  ultra-conservative  attitude  of  great 
wealth,  large  endowments  to  such  institutions  cannot  at 
this  time  be  dissociated  from  economic  considerations. 
A  prominent  type  in  the  commercial  world,  whose  gifts 
to  religious  and  educational  institutions  have  been  large, 
is  deserving  of  special  consideration.  Great  fortunes 
may  sometimes  be  acquired  through  sheer  unaided 
ability  and  force,  —  though  also,  more  likely,  with  the 
addition  of  circumstance  and  favorable  economic  condi- 
tions. But  it  is  believed  that  in  the  accumulation  of 
such  fortunes  other  elements  are  sometimes  actively 
concerned,  such  as  an  unscrupulous  disregard  of  others' 
rights,  if  not  an  almost  absolute  disregard  of  honor. 
More  and  more  are  we  seeing  men  who,  through  the 
instrument  of  political  bribery,  deliberately  purpose  to 
undermine  the  very  foundations  of  justice  and  national 
life  in  order  to  enrich  themselves,  insinuating  their  influ- 
ence into  religious  and  educational  institutions.  It  is  a 
peculiarly  ingenuous  innocence  which  fails  to  suspect  in 
this  a  concealed  purpose.  Is  there  anything  more  hu- 
man than  the  disposition  of  a  corrupt  man  of  social 
standing  to  maintain  his  outward  respectability  ?  Could 
anything  be  better  calculated  to  ameliorate  the  harsh- 
ness of  public  criticism  for  public  crime  than  munificent 
financial  encouragement  to  institutions  which  stand  most 
for  purity  and  truth  ?  And  is  it  likely  that  one  whose 
methods  of  corruption  have  insinuated  themselves  into  his 
every  political  and  business  association  should  scruple  to 
insidiously  attempt  the  debasement  of  moral  ideals  to  the 
level  of  his  own,  if  his  welfare  seemed  to  demand  it  ? 
The  problem  of  de-Christianizing  the  world  may  be 
large,  —  but  some  men  glory  in  large  problems.  Can 
anyone  be  found  willing  to  maintain  that  no  progress  in 
this  evil  direction  has  been  made  ? 

The  problems  confronting  the  administrators  of  the 
immense  funds  of  our  endowed  institutions  are,  as  stated 
in  THE  DIAL'S  article,  serious.  But  again  I  must  insist 
that  bestowed  funds  do  have  a  commercial  significance, 


48 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


not  only  by  reason  of  the  conditions  which  created  them, 
or  of  the  possibility  of  their  influence  upon  moral  and 
economic  perceptions  and  teachings,  but  also  because 
their  administration  forces  the  institutions  themselves 
into  commercial  activities.  Large  endowments  un- 
doubtedly consist  in  considerable  part  of  the  watered 
stock  of  corporations  whose  dividends  depend  upon  sys- 
tematic public  corruption.  The  first  moral  problem 
which  administrators  have  to  meet  is  to  determine 
whether  such  wealth  can  honestly  be  accepted  at  all 
(although  this  doubtless  scarcely  presents  itself  as  a 
real  problem) ;  the  second,  to  determine  what  their  atti- 
tude shall  be  in  the  business  world  upon  matters  involv- 
ing business  immorality;  and  third,  that  of  deciding 
whether  the  teachings  of  the  institution  concerned  shall 
be  permitted  to  influence  detrimentally  the  possible 
earnings  of  invested  funds,  or  to  endanger  possible 
future  endowments.  It  is  not  my  purpose  to  pursue 
this  aspect  of  the  matter  further.  But  I  wish,  in  finally 
emphasizing  the  contention  that  commercialism  is  closely 
twined  about  all  sides  of  the  endowment  question,  to 
quote  the  following  statement  concerning  the  property 
of  one  of  our  prominent  educational  institutions  (made 
in  the  "  Chicago  Tribune  "  of  April  28, 1900,  by  Build- 
ing Commissioner  McAndrews) :  "  There  are  rows  and 
rows  of  unsafe  and  unsanitary  buildings  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Ward  which  belonged  to  the  Hull  estate  and  are 

now  owned  by University."   At  least  four  of  these 

buildings  were  ordered  destroyed,  including  one  devoted 
to  a  presumably  profitable  saloon  business.  Evidently 
the  very  poor  are  paying  for  the  education  of  the  com- 
fortable classes  more  directly  than  some  of  us  had  pre- 
sumed. It  speaks  with  peculiar  earnestness  for  the 
moral  sincerity  of  this  institution,  that  it  sees  fit  to 
foster  a  "  social  settlement,"  to  aid  its  students  in  the 
study  of  the  awful  conditions  of  a  "  slum "  neighbor- 
hood, which  it  is  finding  profit  in  helping  to  perpetuate. 
The  contemplation  of  a  great  humane  institution  is 
truly  inspiring,  but  none  the  less  if  it  be  the  fruit  of 
the  generosity  of  many  small  donors  rather  than  that  of 
one,  or  a  few,  extremely  large.  One  of  the  main  pur- 
poses of  this  communication  is  to  utter  what  seems  to  be 
a  needed  warning,  —  that  large  endowments  are  prone 
to  foster  a  complacency  regarding  the  injustices  through 
which  much  of  our  great  wealth  is  accumulated.  If 
the  endowments  to  a  great  university  may  so  subvert 
the  moral  judgment  of  its  president  as  to  cause  him  to 
hold  that  it  matters  little  how  a  man  obtains  his  wealth 
so  long  as  he  bestows  it  properly,  surely  none  of  us  can 
be  accounted  safe  from  this  subtle  influence. 


Chicago,  July  8,  1900. 


ELMER  L.  KENYON. 


WANTED  — A  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  INSTITUTE. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  December  of  last  year  the  writer  submitted  to  the 
Committee  on  Cooperation  of  the  American  Library 
Association,  and  to  the  Committee  on  Bibliography  of 
the  American  Historical  Association,  a  plan  for  a  com- 
plete bibliography  of  American  literature.  The  work 
was  to  be  done  cooperatively  by  several  libraries  and 
under  the  auspices  of  the  above  mentioned  and  other 
scientific  societies,  which,  it  was  thought,  might  be  able 
to  bear  the  cost  of  editing  and  publishing.  The  first- 
named  Committee  reported  at  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  American  Library  Association  at  Montreal  last 
month  "  that  the  Committee  recognized  the  importance 
of  such  a  catalogue,  and  that  the  plans  for  cooperative 


cataloguing  now  under  consideration  may  open  the  way 
to  its  preparation." 

Plans  for  cooperative  cataloguing  of  books  for  libra- 
ries have  been  put  before  American  librarians  at  various 
times  during  the  last  half  century,  and  their  realization 
at  this  time,  as  decided  upon  at  the  Montreal  conference, 
will  mark  in  a  fitting  way  the  end  of  a  century  rich  in 
achievements  in  librarianship  and  bibliography,  and  ripe 
with  promises  of  a  still  greater  future. 

Cooperative  cataloguing  for  libraries,  in  order  to  be 
successful,  must  be  made  according  to  rules  that  are  a 
result  of  a  compromise  between  the  conflicting  rules  and 
practices  of  many  libraries  of  different  character.  A 
bibliography,  on  the  other  hand,  must  follow  scientific 
principles  uncompromisingly.  It  is,  indeed,  doubtful 
whether  libraries  like  the  Boston  and  New  York  public 
libraries  and  the  Library  of  Congress,  engaged  as  they 
are  in  very  important  work  peculiarly  their  own,  could 
cooperate  in  an  undertaking  not  directly  concerned  with 
their  own  immediate  objects.  These  libraries  and  a, 
few  others  possess  the  main  part  of  the  material  for  an 
American  bibliography ;  but  a  great  mass  of  material, 
seemingly  of  less  value,  certainly  of  a  more  ephemeral 
nature,  will  be  found  in  a  great  number  of  smaller  and 
obscure  libraries.  This  is  particularly  true  of  topo- 
graphical, biographical,  and  other  local  literature.  It 
is  plain  that  in  order  to  get  together  all  this  material 
laborious  research  would  have  to  be  made  in  various 
parts  of  the  country. 

The  compilation  of  such  a  bibliography  as  has  been 
planned  must  necessarily  be  a  work  of  years,  even  if 
undertaken  by  a  considerable  number  of  bibliographers. 
Some  plan  must  therefore  be  devised  whereby  the  ma- 
terial will  be  made  available  as  far  as  already  collected. 
Such  a  device  has  been  found  by  the  Committee  on 
Cooperation  of  the  American  Library  Association  which 
proposes  to  make  for  each  title  a  linotype  plate  after  the 
plan  used  in  the  John  Crerar  Library,  and  to  keep  on 
hand  cards  printed  from  these  plates.  The  plates  and 
the  cards  being  numbered,  it  will  be  possible  to  publish 
a  list  of  books  on  certain  subjects,  or  by  certain  authors, 
as  soon  as  the  completeness  of  the  material  at  hand 
may  warrant  publication. 

The  need  of  an  American  bibliography  is  the  most 
pressing,  but  by  no  means  the  only,  need  of  the  Amer- 
ican bibliographer.  To  give  only  one  example,  a  new, 
complete,  and  trustworthy  critical  bibliography  of  bib- 
liographies might  be  prepared  by  the  joint  labor  of 
bibliographers  and  scientific  specialists.  A  bureau  of 
information  in  matters  bibliographical  is  a  desideratum 
long  felt  among  bibliographers  and  scholars.  Again, 
there  is  not  in  this  country  a  single  magazine  devoted 
to  scientific  and  bibliophilic  bibliography. 

No  library,  no  publishing  house,  could  think  of  under- 
taking a  work  of  the  magnitude  here  suggested.  The 
various  undertakings  outlined  cannot  be  attempted  ex- 
cept by  a  specially  founded  Bibliographical  Institute, 
with  a  large  endowment  and  a  competent  staff  of  bibli- 
ographers and  scientific  men.  An  endowment  for  one 
institution  of  this  kind  would  be  of  as  much  value  as 
the  endowment  of  ten  public  libraries. 

If  such  an  institution  were  founded  in  connection  with 
a  university,  there  might  be  a  way  of  realizing  the  ideal 
aimed  at  but  not  yet  even  approached  in  any  of  the 
library  schools  in  the  country,  —  namely,  a  real  post- 
graduate course  in  bibliography  and  librarianship. 

AKSEL  G.  S.  JOSEPHSON. 

The  John  Crerar  Library,  Chicago,  July  10,  1900. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


49 


MR.  FISKE  ox  THE  CIVIL,  WAR.* 

Laying  aside  temporarily  his  general  scheme 
for  a  continuous  series  of  American  histories, 
Mr.  Fiske  now  enters  one  field  of  the  Civil 
War,  and  indites  "  a  purely  military  narra- 
tive "  of  the  campaigns  in  the  Mississippi  Val- 
ley, including  in  this  term  the  whole  of  the 
territory  drained  by  the  great  river  and  its 
tributaries.  This  narrative  is  brought  down  to 
the  close  of  the  year  1864,  and  thus  virtually 
covers  the  period  of  the  entire  war.  Indeed, 
it  is  the  theory  of  this  volume  that  the  war  was 
mainly  fought  in  the  great  valley,  and  that  it 
was  the  achievements  of  the  Federal  armies  on 
this  Western  field  which  made  the  war  for  the 
Union  a  success.  Mr.  Fiske's  mode  of  pre- 
senting the  subject  is  striking.  He  pictures 
the  aggregation  of  all  the  campaigns  in  this 
field  as  one  extensive  battle,  waged  on  the 
modern  plan,  in  which  the  result  depends  upon 
skill  in  flanking.  The  Appalachian  chain  of 
mountains  had  divided  the  general  field  into 
two  fields,  each  of  which  was  to  be  separately 
fought  for.  In  the  East,  broad  flanking  opera- 
tions were  not  feasible,  and  the  campaigning 
was  largely  limited  to  frontal  attacks,  which  at 
the  end  of  four  years  had  not  carried  the  Fed- 
eral forces  beyond  the  James  River.  The  pro- 
longed contest  for  the  possession  of  the  great 
Western  field  was  distinguished  by  a  continu- 
ous succession  of  flanking  movements,  of  which 
the  most  sanguinary  battles  were  incidents,  and 
in  which  the  left  flank  of  the  Confederacy's 
Mississippi  Valley  armies  was  continuously 
turned.  Their  extreme  left  was  rolled  back 
when  the  state  of  Missouri  was  occupied  by  the 
Federals.  Next,  the  line  of  defense  first  estab- 
lished, with  its  left  resting  on  the  Ohio,  was 
turned  by  the  reduction  of  Forts  Henry  and 
Donelson,  and  the  Federal  occupation  of  the 
Mississippi  below  Columbus.  The  Confederates 
established  a  new  line  of  defense  along  the 
railroad  running  east  from  Memphis,  which 
was  in  turn  flanked  as  a  result  of  the  battles  of 
Shiloh,  luka,  and  Corinth,  and  other  operations 
on  the  Mississippi ;  and  the  recovery  of  the 
entire  control  of  that  stream  closed  a  broad 
flanking  movement,  and  forced  the  forming  of 
new  lines  by  the  Confederates,  in  a  reduced 
territory.  Once  again  was  their  left  turned, 

*THE  MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY  IN  THE  CIVIL  WAR.  By  John 
Fiske.  Boston :  Honghton,  Mifflin  &  Go. 


when  the  campaigning  around  Chattanooga 
terminated  in  the  fall  of  Atlanta  and  the  march 
to  the  sea, —  of  all  which,  Hood's  advance  upon 
Nashville  and  the  accompanying  battles  were 
but  incidents ;  and  this  extensive  flanking 
operation  made  the  ultimate  surrender  of  Lee 
inevitable. 

In  his  narrative  recital  of  the  main  features 
of  these  movements,  Mr.  Fiske  exhibits  the 
breadth  of  view,  keen  analysis,  and  judicious 
generalization  with  which  the  readers  of  his 
other  writings  are  familiar.  As  one  turns 
these  pages,  it  is  a  gigantic  game  of  chess  which 
one  sees  mapped  out  before  him.  Island  Ten, 
Corinth,  Vicksburg,  New  Orleans,  Chattanooga, 
Atlanta,  are  squares  upon  the  chess-board ;  and 
the  armies  and  corps  of  Grant,  Sherman, 
Thomas,  Johnston,  Pemberton,  and  Hood,  are 
the  pieces  and  pawns  of  the  magnificent  game. 
Grant,  on  the  Big  Black  Eiver,  between  his 
antagonists  Pemberton  and  Johnston,  is  no 
more  embarrassed  than  is  the  White  Queen 
who  has  invaded  the  domains  of  the  Black 
King,  reserving  both  direct  and  diagonal  lines 
of  movement ;  or  than  the  White  Knight  who, 
though  surrounded  by  Black  adversaries,  still 
has  squares  unoccupied  by  them  to  which  he 
can  make  his  erratic  retreat.  Frequently, 
Mr.  Fiske  finds  the  peculiar  terms  of  chess 
most  pertinent  for  his  illustrations.  And  this 
analogy  forcibly  impresses  the  necessity  of  one 
skilful  manager  to  plan  and  direct  all  the  de- 
tails of  the  great  enterprise.  The  several  epi- 
sodes of  the  war  in  the  West  are  dictated  by 
the  chess-player.  The  recovery  of  Missouri, 
which,  it  is  here  hinted,  took  the  west  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  out  of  the  active  field  of  the 
war ;  the  steps  by  which  the  control  of  that 
river  was  reassumed, —  namely,  Fort  Donelson 
and  Shiloh,  the  capture  of  New  Orleans,  the 
battles  of  Corinth  and  Stone  River,  and  finally 
the  reduction  of  Vicksburg  and  Port  Hudson, 
—  each  of  these  is  but  a  move  upon  the  mighty 
chess-board  of  war. 

Such  a  capacity  for  generalization  as  is  recog- 
nized in  Mr.  Fiske  finds  a  congenial  opportu- 
nity in  the  task  of  dealing  thus  comprehensively 
with  the  Civil  War.  We  find  in  this  book  all 
the  charm  of  his  other  historical  essays.  His 
facile  pen  flows  as  rapidly  and  as  smoothly 
through  sanguinary  campaigns  and  terrible 
crises  as  it  has  heretofore  done  through  political 
manoeuvres  and  intrigue,  and  the  romantic  and 
thrilling  experiences  of  frontier  life. 

But  Mr.  Fiske  has  sought  to  condense  so 
much  into  this  one  volume  of  360  pages  that 


50 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


he  has  apparently  pressed  out  some  important 
episodes  altogether,  and  has  sacrificed  histor- 
ical proportion.    We  are  transported  from  the 
western  side  of  the  Mississippi  to  the  eastern, 
with  the  impression  that  the  operations  in  the 
former  field  are  virtually  ended  by  its  conquest 
in  the  first  year  of  the  war.     The  battle  of 
Helena,  on  July  4,  1863,  is  a  witness  to  the 
contrary ;  but  this  engagement  is  not  mentioned 
by  our  author.     He  gives,  very  appropriately, 
a  chapter  to  Hood's  march  upon  Nashville, 
undertaken  for  the  purpose  of  embarrassing 
Sherman  at  Atlanta.    But  it  was  in  like  man- 
ner that  Price  had  hoped,  in  1863,  to  embarrass 
Grant  at  Vicksburg  by  the  capture  of  Helena. 
Fiske  says  that  later,  in  September,  1864,  "the 
irrepressible  Sterling  Price  had   bounced  up 
once  more  in  Missouri."     But  he  had  done 
more  than  this  in  July,  1863  :  he  had  gathered 
an  army  of  14,000  men,  whom  he  sought  to  fire 
to  action  with  the  appeal,  "  The  invaders  who 
seek  to  subjugate  you  have  been  driven  from 
Arkansas  save  at  one  point,  Helena ;  we  go  to 
retake  it."    Fiske  gives  due  credit  to  General 
Benjamin  M.  Prentiss  for  having  "  saved  the 
day  "  at  Shiloh  by  the  persistence  and  stub- 
bornness of  his  resistance  to  the  Confederate 
onslaughts.     But  Prentiss  rendered  more  con- 
spicuous and  valuable  service  at  Helena,  where 
he  brilliantly  repelled  the   impetuous  attack 
of  Price's  greatly  superior  force.     By  stoutly 
holding  with  his  small  army  the  west  bank  of 
the  river  at  Helena,  he  ably  complemented  the 
work  of  Grant  at  Vicksburg,  and  helped  to 
make  it  a  verity  that  "  the  Father  of  Waters 
rolled  unvexed  to  the  sea."     No  one  episode 
of  the  war  in  the  West  had  a  more  distinct 
effect  upon  the  whole  situation  than  this  march 
by  Price  upon  Helena  and  his  crushing  repulse ; 
nor  could  Mr.  Fiske  have  found  a  more  fortu- 
nate subject  for  the  exercise  of  his  powers  of 
picturesque   and  dramatic  description.      The 
greater  glamor  of  Vicksburg  and  Gettysburg 
has  served  to  dim  the  real  lustre  of  Helena ;  but 
this  should  not  be  allowed  to  mislead,  at  this 
distance  of  time,  a  careful  observer  of  the  moves 
on  the  chess-board  of  the  Mississippi  Valley. 

The  biographical  part  of  this  history  does 
not  conform  to  our  author's  usual  standard  of 
accuracy.  He  styles  the  same  General  Prentiss, 
who  entered  the  service  from  Illinois,  a  "  West 
Virginian  Brigadier."  He  dismisses  General 
Albert  Pike,  of  the  Confederate  Army,  with 
the  appellation  of  "  an  adventurer  from  Massa- 
chusetts." But  Pike  was  in  no  proper  sense  an 
adventurer,  though  born  in  New  England,  for 


he  had  lived  longer  in  Arkansas  than  General 
Blair,  whom  Mr.  Fiske  idolizes,  had  lived  in 
Missouri. 

Our  author  is  apparently  a  good  hater,  as 
witness  his  treatment  of  General  Benjamin  F. 
Butler.  Though  he  does  not  style  him  "  an 
adventurer  from  Massachusetts,"  he  adminis- 
ters to  his  memory  a  stinging  excoriation  for 
his  acts  as  commander  in  New  Orleans.  Doubt- 
less these  incidents  in  Butler's  career,  and  much 
other  personal  gossip  such  as  abounds  in  this 
book,  were  introduced  by  the  author  to  enliven 
and  spice  his  lectures,  in  which  form  these 
chapters  of  history  were  first  presented.  They 
may  add  entertainment  to  a  discourse  which 
might  otherwise  prove  dry  and  forbidding,  and 
thus  make  more  readable  the  details  of  marches 
and  countermarches  and  skirmishes  and  bloody 
battles.  This  may  have  been  the  author's 
intention.  But  we  do  not  expect  such  outbreaks 
from  the  impartial  historian. 

JAMES  OSCAR  PIERCE. 


THE  WORKING  PEOPLE  or  AMERICA.* 


"America's  Working  People  "  forms  the  sub- 
ject of  the  second  of  Mr.  Charles  B.  Spahr's 
contributions  to  the  sociological  literature  of  the 
day  ;  and,  like  his  "  Distribution  of  Wealth," 
the  present  work  deserves  the  most  careful 
attention.  To  the  student  of  the  modern  novel, 
these  researches  into  modern  American  life  will 
show  how  impossible  is  it  for  one  man  to  seek 
any  adequate  interpretation  of  that  life  at  the 
present  time,  even  should  his  work  take  the 
vast  scope  of  another  "  Comedie  Humaine  ";  to 
the  politician  they  will  prove  little  or  nothing  ; 
but  the  statesman  will  find  them  compact  with 
that  true  spirit  of  American  manhood  and  de- 
mocracy which  the  politicians  have  been  doing 
their  best  to  prostitute  by  pensions,  bounties, 
and  special  privileges  of  all  sorts.  To  the  plain 
citizen  and  patriot  who  loves  America  as  he  loves 
his  mother,  the  book  is  one  of  hope  and  illumi- 
nation, especially  worth  reading  by  those  whose 
residence  in  cities  has  given  them  an  outlook 
upon  the  rest  of  their  native  land  as  if  through 
smoked  glass ;  and,  finally,  all  humane  and  con- 
scientious people  will  find  here  inducement  to 
labor  unceasingly  and  with  good  courage. 

Mr.  Spahr  has  gone  the  round  of  the  United 
States  in  search  of  truth  :  unlike  Diogenes  — 
probably  because  his  method  is  the  reverse  of 

*  AMERICA'S  WORKING  PEOPLE.    By  Charles  B.  Spahr. 
New  York :  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 


1900.] 


51 


cynical  —  he  has  found  it.  His  journeys  began 
with  the  older  factory  towns  of  New  England ; 
successively  he  took  up  the  new  factory  towns 
in  the  Southern  States,  went  to  a  country  where 
the  life  is  still  that  of  the  pioneer  engaged  in 
clearing  away  the  primeval  forests  of  Arkan- 
sas, made  investigations  concerning  the  negro 
both  as  workman  and  citizen  which  shed  new 
light  on  a  dark  subject,  dug  into  that  still 
darker  blot  upon  our  civilization  comprised  in 
the  coal  mines  and  iron  works  of  Pennsylvania, 
studied  the  trades-unions  of  Chicago  with  a 
perspicuity  which  led  him  nearer  the  truth  than 
any  other  writer  with  whom  we  are  familiar, 
talked  and  lived  for  a  time  with  the  Mormons 
of  Utah,  and  learned  much  concerning  a  much 
misunderstood  people,  and  concluded  his  wan- 
derings among  the  northern  farms  of  Minne- 
sota and  the  Dakotas.  In  most  places,  but 
most  of  all  among  these  northern  farmers,  Mr. 
Spahr  found  the  people  free  —  that  is,  he  saw 
them  to  be  Americans,  unafraid  of  any  man 
that  walks  the  globe,  sovereign  citizens  of  the 
sort  which  bids  the  world  wonder  at  a  real  de- 
mocracy of  humanity.  Here  and  there,  as 
among  the  workmen  in  the  Chicago  building 
trades,  he  discovered  an  advocacy  of  freedom 
which  is  perilously  near  to  lawlessness.  Else- 
where, sporadically,  he  saw  servility,  the  fawn- 
ing upon  superiors  which  our  fathers  learned  to 
despise  generations  ago  as  "  flunkeyism."  Here 
is  an  example  of  this,  quite  as  marked  in  its 
way  as  the  heartbreaking  failure  of  philan- 
thropy at  Pullman  in  1894  : 

"  All  that  I  saw  at  Homestead  convinced  me  that 
Mr.  Carnegie  was  unusually  sincere  in  his  desire  for 
the  welfare  of  his  employees.  President  McKinley  is 
not  more  so  in  his  desire  for  the  welfare  of  Luzon.  But 
the  fatal  defect  which  Mr.  Carnegie  observes  in  the 
President's  policy  in  the  Philippines  permeates  his  own 
policy  at  Homestead.  The  government  at  Homestead 
aims  to  be  government  for  the  people,  but  its  funda- 
mental principle  is  that  there  shall  be  no  government  by 
the  people.  He  who  joins  an  organization  of  the  em- 
ployees at  Homestead  to  resist  the  absolute  supremacy 
of  the  employers  is  warned  in  advance  that  he  can  ac- 
complish nothing  except  his  own  ruin.  The  policy  is 
not,  indeed,  that  which  Mr.  Carnegie  employed  when 
he  was  directly  in  charge.  In  an  unusual  degree  he 
sympathized  with  the  organization  of  the  men  for  self- 
government.  But  the  imperialist  policy  in  its  most  abso- 
lute lines  is  the  one  pursued  and  avowed  by  the  present 
head  of  the  Carnegie  company,  Mr.  Charles  M.  Schwab." 

Similar  bits  of  illumination  pervade  the  book, 
and  no  one  can  read  it  without  the  conviction 
that  the  issue  really  before  the  American  peo- 
ple is  that  which  Professor  William  G.  Sumner 
has  so  succinctly  stated  as  "  the  issue  between 
plutocracy  and  democracy."  A  single  regret 


remains  after  reading  Mr.  Spahr's  book  through 
twice  with  the  certainty  of  taking  it  up  for 
more  than  one  re-reading :  he  did  not  dig  out 
the  truth  of  the  iniquity  in  the  Coaur  d'Alene 
region  in  Idaho,  a  spot  on  the  continent,  not  in 
the  islands,  where  imperialism  and  militarism 
are  reigning  unmodified  and  unchecked. 

JOHN  J.  HOLDEN. 


THE  EMPIRE  OF  THE  MOORS.* 


The  northwest  corner  of  the  continent  of 
Africa  is  practically  an  unknown  country  even 
to  the  educated  reader  on  this  side  of  the  sea. 
This  Moorish  sultanate  borders  on  the  Medi- 
terranean and  the  Atlantic,  and  on  Algeria  and 
the  Sahara.  It  embraces  about  220,000  square 
miles.  Its  rulers  and  people  have  played  a 
tragical  role  in  the  world's  history  for  more 
than  a  thousand  years. 

Mr.  Meakin's  "  Historical  Epitome  of  the 
Moorish  Empire "  is  the  first  of  a  series  of 
three  volumes  on  this  land  and  people.  The 
bibliography  of  this  vast  empire  has  already 
passed  far  beyond  two  .thousand  titles.  But 
there  has  been  no  modern  work  in  English  that 
brings  the  history  down  to  the  present  date. 
The  present  volume  epitomizes  the  history  of 
the  empire;  the  second,  already  announced, 
will  give  a  comprehensive  description  of  "  The 
Land  of  the  Moors  ";  and  the  third  will  be  a 
comprehensive  description  of  the  Moors. 

The  portly  volume  before  us  is  broken  into 
three  parts,  dealing  with  internal  development, 
external  relations,  and  Moroccan  literature, 
with  an  appendix  on  "  classical  authorities  on 
Morocco."  The  first  part  is  a  rapid  sketch  of 
history  from  500  B.  C.  down  to  1894  A.  D. 
It  is  so  sketchy,  now  and  then,  as  to  presup- 
pose more  information  than  most  of  its  readers 
possess.  But  its  narrative  rather  than  statis- 
tical style  holds  and  carries  along  the  mind  of 
the  reader  with  an  ever-increasing  interest. 
The  author  fortifies  his  pithy  statements  by 
ample  references  to  the  chief  authorities  on 
Moorish  history.  This  feature  of  the  work 
assures  the  reader  that  the  author  is  not  pre- 
suming on  his  good  faith,  but  is  ready  to  give 
him  for  his  own  verification  the  basis  of  his 
assertions.  To  aid  in  a  proper  conception  of 
the  history  of  the  empire,  the  book  is  supplied 
with  a  comparative  chart,  which  presents  to 

*  THE  MOORISH  EMPIRE  :  A  Historical  Epitome.  By 
Budgett  Meakin.  With  115  illustrations.  New  York :  The 
Macmillan  Co. 


62 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


the  eye,  in  a  length  of  about  one  yard,  its  his- 
torical, chronological,  geographical,  and  geneo- 
logical  relations  and  features.  This,  with 
smaller  charts  and  illustrations  in  abundance, 
affords  a  very  definite  idea  of  the  vicissitudes 
of  that  strange  and  often  dreadful  empire. 

There  is  no  part  of  that  long  stretch  of  his- 
tory that  exceeds  for  grim  savagery  and  tyran- 
nical villainy  the  career  of  Mulai  Ismail,  whose 
long  reign  covered  a  period  of  fifty-five  years, 
(1672-1727).  The  author  so  condenses  his 
administration  (pp.  139-161)  that  the  horrible 
details  of  his  barbarity  must  be  omitted.  The 
beginning  of  his  reign  is  described  thus : 

"  In  announcing  this  [the  determination  to  make 
Mequinez  his  capital]  he  sent  ten  thousand  heads,  includ- 
ing those  of  women  and  children  slain  in  his  rival's 
camp,  to  adorn  the  walls  of  Fez  and  Marr&kesh,  while 
he  caused  the  bodies  of  prisoners  of  war  to  be  inter- 
woven with  rushes  to  form  a  bridge  whereby  the  vic- 
torious army  might  cross  a  river.  Thus  commenced 
the  horrors  of  that  awful  reign." 

Chenier,  in  describing  his  perfidious  career, 
says : 

"  Active,  enterprising,  and  politic,  this  emperor  tar- 
nished the  glory  of  his  reign  by  avarice,  duplicity, 
oppression,  injustice,  and  continuous  barbarities,  the 
relation  of  which  would  be  dreadful,  and  the  remem- 
brance of  which  time  only  can  efface.  .  .  .  Nero, 
Caligula,  Heliogabalus  were  abhorent  villains;  yet  Nero, 
Caligula,  Heliogabalus  themselves  were  unequal  to  the 
fiend  of  whose  acts  I  give  [in  earlier  chapters]  but  a 
partial  account." 

His  mastery  of  the  situation  and  his  moulding 
influence  in  crystallizing  the  character  of  the 
empire  were  such  that  our  author  adds  :  "With- 
out an  understanding  of  the  Moorish  Empire 
as  Ismail  left  it,  it  would  be  impossible  to  un- 
derstand Morocco  as  it  is." 

After  drawing  a  lurid  picture  of  the  excesses 
and  oppressions  of  the  present  administration 
of  Morocco,  we  discover  a  ray  of  sunlight  in 
the  following  (p.  225) : 

"  The  only  satisfactory  officials  in  Morocco,  as  a  rule, 
are  those  who  have  been  drawn  from  the  ranks  of  re- 
tired men  of  business  —  men  whose  palms  no  longer 
itch  —  whose  knowledge  of  the  world  enables  them  to 
act  with  dignity  and  fairness,  and  whose  intercourse 
with  Europeans  has  removed  their  prejudices  to  a  great 
extent.  The  Moorish  method  is  to  select  from  among 
such  men  those  whose  reputation  is  high,  to  appoint 
them  as  administrators  of  customs,  of  whom  there  are 
several  at  every  port.  .  .  .  For  foreign  payments  these 
administrators  serve  as  Moorish  Government  bankers, 
on  whom  orders  are  given  at  court,  and  altogether  they 
play  a  part  not  unlike,  though  far  behind,  that  played 
by  the  excellent  service  under  the  inspector-general  of 
Chinese  imperial  customs." 

The  external  relations  of  the  Empire  are  de- 
picted in  strong  terms.  Beginning  with  1246 
A.D.,  the  author  traces  with  sufficient  fulness 


the  part  which  Europeans  and  others  have 
taken  and  suffered  in  their  relations  with  the 
Moors.  The  horrors  perpetrated,  particularly 
on  Christian  slaves,  by  the  above-mentioned 
Mulai  Ismail  are  indescribable  and  blood-curd- 
ling. The  only  check  to  Moorish  barbarity 
toward  foreigners  lay  in  their  fear  of  European 
powers.  This,  with  other  influences,  has  some- 
what modified  and  promoted  their  foreign  re- 
lations.  Foreign  enlightenment  has  compelled 
His  Majesty  to  regard  to  some  extent  the 
wishes  of  his  subjects.  Foreign  powers  have 
also  set  some  limits  to  his  absolute  freedom. 
So  that  our  author  speaks  of  "  that  decrepit 
Power  which  now,  by  courtesy  alone,  retains 
the  name  of  *  the  Moorish  Empire,'  ...  a 
ghastly  travesty  of  empire."  France,  beyond 
all  other  nations,  is  said  to  be  casting  longing 
eyes  toward  this  territory,  as  an  important 
section  of  her  projected  African  empire. 

The  author  has  done  good  service  for  stu- 
dents of  history  in  general  and  of  Morocco  in 
particular  by  his  110  pages  of  discussion  of  the 
best  literature  on  Morocco.  A  part  of  the  ma- 
terial is  in  the  form  of  reviews  of  books  and 
pamphlets  by  the  best  writers.  If  the  works 
announced  shall  come  up  to  the  standard  here 
laid  down,  modern  students  of  ethnology,  his- 
tory, and  geography  will  have  a  valuable  con- 
tribution to  their  apparatus. 

IRA  M.  PRICE. 


ETHNOGRAPHIC  ALBUM  OF 
MEXICAN  INDIANS.* 


The  opportunity  to  go  among  barbarous 
peoples  is  given  to  but  few.  Nor  are  there 
many  who  have  the  enthusiasm  or  the  interest 
to  create  such  opportunity.  There  are  no  well- 
defined  tourist  routes  to  the  homes  of  the  un- 
civilized, nor  carefully  planned  accommodations 
for  the  traveller  in  those  regions.  He  must 
take  his  host  as  he  finds  him,  but  usually  he 
can  be  assured  that  his  reception  will  not  be 
unkindly  nor  his  hospitality  stinted. 

Though  so  few  really  know  the  uncivilized 
man  at  home,  almost  everyone  finds  him  inter- 
esting as  a  curiosity,  and  an  increasing  number 
are  coming  to  learn  more  and  more  from  him 
by  serious  study.  So  to  almost  everyone  an 
ethnographic  album,  such  as  Professor  Fred- 
erick Starr  has  given  us  of  the  Indians  of 
Southern  Mexico,  comes  as  a  pleasant  surprise 

*  THE  INDIANS  OF  SOUTHERN  MEXICO.  An  Ethnographic 
Album  of  141  plates.  By  Frederick  Starr.  Chicago :  Pub- 
lished by  the  author. 


1900.} 


53 


among  books,  and  as  an  object  of  great  interest. 
It  is  entertaining  to  see  how  other  people  do 
things ;  it  is  of  value  to  the  student  to  be  able 
to  make  a  comparative  study  of  the  mode  of 
life,  dress,  customs,  and  physical  features  of 
other  people  than  ourselves. 

There  are  few  places  in  the  world  where  the 
mixture  of  tribes  and  languages  is  more  con- 
fused than  in  Southern  Mexico  and  Central 
America.  An  interesting  problem  is  here  pre- 
sented to  the  student  of  ethnology,  to  account 
for  this  confusion.  Is  it  due  to  a  mixture  of 
many  radically  distinct  tribes?  or  are  these 
but  variations  of  a  few  stocks  now  so  far  apart 
that  little  connection  between  them  can  be  de- 
tected ?  In  the  absence  of  all  historic  data,  the 
answer  to  such  a  question  is  to  be  found  in  a 
study  of  the  customs  and  physical  features  of 
the  people  themselves.  This  is  the  work  which 
Professor  Starr  has  been  carrying  on  for  some 
years.  He  has  made  many  visits  to  Mexico, 
accompanied  by  a  photographer,  and  has  visited 
those  least  known,  least  accessible,  and  most 
interesting  parts  of  the  Mexican  Republic.  One 
result  of  this  work  appears  in  his  album  illus- 
trating the  Indians  of  Southern  Mexico. 

Ethnographic  albums  have  been  issued  be- 
fore ;  but  rarely  if  ever  have  they  been  satis- 
factory, partly  because  of  a  lack  of  material  to 
make  a  good  album  and  partly  because  the 
work  of  reproduction  has  been  poorly  done. 
Professor  Starr,  in  a  series  of  141  plates  re- 
produced from  photographs  selected  from  many 
hundreds,  gives  an  idea  of  the  general  appear- 
ance of  the  people  of  thirteen  tribes,  of  their 
villages,  homes,  and  occupations.  The  work  of 
reproduction  is  excellent :  almost  none  of  the 
sharpness  of  outline  and  definiteness  of  detail 
of  the  original  photographs  is  lost.  Thirty-two 
pages  of  text  are  included  to  explain  the  plates. 
This  publication  will  soon  be  followed  by  a 
paper  by  Professor  Starr,  descriptive  of  the 
daily  life  and  industries  of  the  people  illus- 
trated in  the  album,  which  will  add  greatly  to 
the  interest  and  value  of  the  present  work. 
MERTON  L.  MILLER. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

In  such  a  series  as  that  of  "  Heroes 
of  .the  Nations  "  (P«tnam),  a  life  of 
Oliver  Cromwell  was  pretty  sure  to 
appear  sooner  or  later  :  so  it  is  perhaps  a  mere  coin- 
cidence that  Mr.  Charles  Firth's  "  Oliver  Cromwell 
and  the  Rule  of  the  Puritans  in  England  "  should 
be  given  to  the  public  at  the  same  time  with  Mr. 


Morley's  narrative  in  "  The  Century  "  and  that  of 
Mr.  Roosevelt  in  "  Scribner's."  Careful  readers 
and  interested  students  will  peruse  all  three  of  these, 
and  will  understand  something  of  the  fascination 
which  the  life  and  work  of  the  Protector  have  exer- 
cised on  such  widely  variant  natures  as  Carlyle  and 
Gardiner  and  Morley  and  Firth  in  England,  and 
Roosevelt  and  S.  H.  Church  in  America.  Mr. 
Charles  Firth  is  not  a  genius  like  Carlyle,  nor  a  lit- 
erary master  like  John  Morley  ;  but  in  all  matters 
where  patient  research  and  a  real  instinct  for  get- 
ting at  the  truth  are  involved,  he  is  an  authority 
whom  other  writers  are  glad  to  quote.  The  book 
before  us  is  an  expansion  of  Mr.  Firth's  article  in 
the  "  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,"  written  in 
1888  ;  but  it  embodies  the  results  of  later  researches 
and  of  recently  discovered  documents.  The  narra- 
tive is  an  abridged  but  adequate  account  of  the  great 
events  which  made  epical  the  twenty  years  between 
1640  and  1660.  Mr.  Firth's  estimate  of  Crom- 
well's character  is  candid,  tinged  though  it  be  with 
sympathetic  admiration.  The  summary  of  his  work 
which  forms  the  concluding  paragraph  is  worth 
quoting :  "  Cromwell  remained  throughout  his  life 
too  much  the  champion  of  a  party  to  be  accepted  as 
a  national  hero  by  later  generations,  but  in  serving 
his  Cause  he  served  his  Country  too.  No  English 
ruler  did  more  to  shape  the  future  of  the  land  he 
governed,  none  showed  more  clearly  in  his  acts  the 
-  plain  heroic  magnitude  of  mind.' "  The  book  is 
unusually  rich  in  illustrations  —  over  forty  of  them, 
seven  being  portraits  (of  one  kind  or  another)  of 
Cromwell.  There  are  seven  maps,  prepared  by 
Mr.  B.  V.  Darbishire  under  Mr.  Firth's  direction, 
to  illustrate  important  campaigns  or  battles.  Two 
of  these  "differ  considerably"  (as  the  author  says 
in  his  preface)  "  from  those  generally  accepted  as 
correct."  It  may  be  added  that  Mr.  Morley,  in  his 
account  of  Marston  Moor,  accepts  Mr.  Firth's  plan 
as  the  most  trustworthy.  In  the  plan  to  illustrate 
the  battle  of  Naseby  (to  face  p.  128)  the  draughts- 
man seems  inadvertently  to  have  confused  the  posi- 
tions of  "Parliamentarians"  and  "Royalists"  by 
misplacing  the  devices  employed  to  indicate  the 
respective  armies.  The  book  will  take  its  place  in 
Cromwellian  literature  as  a  clear,  impartial,  and 
authoritative  presentment  of  one  of  the  most  fruitful 
epochs  in  the  history  of  self-government,  and  of  the 
all-compelling  man  who  was  its  central  figure. 

Lovers  of  Robert  Louis  Stevenson 
find  the  life  of  the  man  as  interest- 
ing as  his  books ;  and  Mr.  L.  Cope 
Cornford,  in  his  volume  of  biography  and  criticism 
of  Stevenson  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.),  has  made  a  very 
engaging  sketch  of  an  attractive  personality.  In 
his  preface,  the  author  disclaims  any  attempt  to 
write  the  full  story  of  Stevenson's  life,  satisfying 
himself  with  a  "study  of  his  finished  achievement, 
and  of  his  personality  and  temperament  as  expressed 
in  that  achievement ";  and  this  study  he  has  made 
with  fine  sympathy  and  careful  critical  discrimina- 


Stevensori's 
romantic  life. 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


tion.  Discussing  Stevenson's  philosophy  in  the 
chapter  on  "  The  Moralist,"  he  finds  courage  the 
last  word  of  that  philosophy ;  hut  somehow  through 
it  all  is  "  the  want  of  some  kindly,  indefinable,  hu- 
man quality,"  and  he  deepens  our  impression  that 
Stevenson  was  one  who,  by  reason  of  his  courage, 
played  a  little  too  lightly  and  buoyantly  over  the 
surface  of  things.  For  a  time,  perhaps,  in  our  de- 
light in  his  romancing,  we  were  inclined  to  glorify 
Stevenson  beyond  the  warrant  of  his  work ;  and  it 
is  therefore  all  the  more  pleasant  to  find  Mr.  Corn- 
ford's  appreciation  balanced  by  so  sane  a  judgment. 
In  conclusion  he  says :  "  But  with  all  Stevenson's 
brilliant  endowment  and  all  his  amazing  cleverness, 
the  sane,  serenely  humorous  vision  of  the  great 
masters  is  denied  him."  What  those  brilliant  en- 
dowments were,  he  sets  before  us  with  a  very  pleas- 
ing literary  art  of  his  own.  In  the  chapters  on 
"The  Romanticist,"  "The  Novelist,"  and  "The 
Limner  of  Landscape,"  he  discusses  with  surprising 
fulness  (since  the  chapters  are  not  long)  the  dis- 
tinctive characteristics  of  Stevenson's  work,  and  his 
limitations.  The  wonderful  versatility  of  the  man 
is  the  most  striking  thing  in  the  impression  which 
these  chapters  make,  and  the  range  of  his  achieve- 
ment comes  up  pretty  clearly  in  this  account  of  it. 
Something  of  the  color  that  vibrates  in  the  pages 
of  "  The  Master  of  Ballantrae  "  or  "  The  Wrecker  " 
has  found  place  in  the  book.  Though  a  volume  of 
but  two  hundred  pages,  it  contains  about  as  much 
as  the  ordinary  reader  will  care  to  know  about 
Stevenson,  and  no  reader  will  think  it  a  word  too 
long. 

It  has  been  remarked,  by  Mr.  Her- 

carVS^Ln.       bert    SP6DCer    and.    Other8>    that    ™ 
spend  our  youth  in  learning  every 

sort  of  thing  except  the  supremely  important  one  — 
that  of  taking  care  of  the  coming  generation.  Prob- 
ably no  parent  has  entered  into  the  joys  of  parent- 
hood prospectively  without  an  earnest  search 
through  the  literature  of  the  day  to  find  some  book 
that  will  set  forth  the  rule  of  conduct  in  such  case 
made  and  provided  —  at  least  no  parent  who  is  ac- 
customed to  go  to  books  for  information.  For  the 
most  part,  such  a  quest  has  been  vain ;  all  the  in- 
telligence which  school  and  college  has  sharpened 
into  acuteness  stands  dulled  before  the  immutable 
and  mysterious  facts  of  nature ;  and  we  boasting 
moderns  take  up  our  duties  as  fathers  and  mothers 
in  the  same  tentative,  empirical,  impractical  way 
that  befalls  all  mankind  after  it  leaves  the  safe  har- 
bor of  savagery  and  invincible  ignorance.  False 
modesty,  what  White  called  "prurient  prudery," 
the  hypocrisy  of  Anglo-Saxonry,  and  the  lack  of 
real  civilization,  combine  to  keep  us  from  our  duty 
and  our  rightful  inheritance.  In  this  emergency, 
Dr.  Nathan  Oppenheim  steps  forward  for  the  third 
time  with  "  The  Care  of  the  Child  in  Health  " 
(Macmillan),  and  with  courage  enough  to  begin 
his  suggestions  for  the  care  of  the  child  when  the 
child's  life  begins,  and  not  after  it  is  too  late  for 


the  mother  to  avail  herself  of  some  simple  direc- 
tions which  will  add  greatly  to  her  peace  of  mind 
and  to  the  future  happiness  of  the  child  itself.  The 
book  is  not  filled  with  veiled  suggestions  which  will 
serve  to  keep  it  under  lock  and  key  —  to  become  a 
fearful  joy  to  the  youngster  who  chances  upon  it 
later ;  rather  is  it  a  book  of  facts  to  be  kept  where 
all  the  family  can  read  it  and  do  what  they  can  to 
make  amends  for  the  lack  which  Mr.  Spencer  has 
observed  in  us.  Though  the  latest  in  point  of  time 
of  Dr.  Oppenheim's  excellent  treatises,  it  precedes 
them  in  the  facts  discussed,  and  serves  as  a  scien- 
tific introduction  to  them  as  to  the  facts  of  parent- 
hood.   

Hard  realities  Mr-  Karl  Irving  Faust's  rather  elab- 
of  warfare  in  orately  gotten  up  volume  entitled 
the  Philippines.  „  Campaigning  in  the  Philippines  " 
(Hicks-Judd  Co.,  San  Francisco)  is  frankly  a  com- 
pilation, by  no  means  altogether  of  stale  matter 
however,  and  the  fact  that  its  contents  are  largely 
from  the  pens  of  men  who  were  active  participants 
in  the  events  described  lends  it  a  certain  interest. 
The  graphic  quality  of  the  book  is  enhanced  by  the 
numerous  illustrations  after  photographic  snap-shots 
taken  largely  at  the  scene  of  action,  and  in  some 
instances  under  conditions  arduous  enough,  one 
would  think,  to  baffle  the  ingenuity  or  cool  the 
courage  of  the  most  enterprising  "  camera  fiend." 
Let  us  add  that  the  ghastly  objects  shown  in  some 
of  these  plates  —  the  trenches  choked  with  corpses, 
and  courtyards  covered  with  mangled  trunks  and 
torn  disjecta  membra,  and  so  on, —  should  suffice 
to  chill  the  martial  ardor  of  the  most  strenuous. 
The  compiler  of  the  volume  went  out  to  Manila  in 
December,  1898,  to  collect  data  for  an  account  of 
the  military  operations  then  thought  to  be  virtually 
over.  Arriving  at  Manila  on  the  eve  of  the  out- 
break of  the  trouble  with  our  late  allies,  Mr.  Faust 
saw  that  the  scope  of  the  projected  book  must  be 
enlarged,  so  as  to  include  accounts  of  the  new  cam- 
paigns then  evidently  impending.  A  staff  of  writers 
was  therefore  organized  to  follow  up  the  move- 
ments of  the  troops  in  the  field,  and  the  cooperation 
of  competent  men  in  the  various  regiments  was  ar- 
ranged for.  The  result  of  this  enterprise  is  a 
melange  of  descriptive  and  statistical  matter  that 
undoubtedly  contains  a  fair  amount  of  the  raw  ma- 
terial of  history  proper.  The  editor  has  evidently 
tried  to  get  at  the  truth  as  far  as  possible,  as  well 
as  to  make  a  readable  and  salable  book.  A  supple- 
mentary chapter  sketches  the  history  of  the  Philip- 
pines and  their  people,  and  there  are  some  useful 
maps.  The  lack  of  an  index  seriously  impairs  its 
value  as  a  book  of  reference. 

Mr.  Edmund  Hamilton  Sears's 
"  Outline  of  Political  Growth  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century"  (Macmillan) 
is  not  very  happily  named :  it  might  better  have 
been  called  an  "  Outline  of  Political  History,"  or 
something  of  that  sort.  The  author  explains,  in 
his  preface,  that  he  wished  to  emphasize  the  growth 


The  growth 
of  modern 
democracy. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


55 


of  popular  institutions,  which  he  has  done  ;  but  the 
words  "  political  growth  "  do  not  necessarily  con- 
vey this  idea.  From  this  point  of  view,  he  should 
have  called  his  work  an  "Outline  of  Democratic 
Growth  "  or  of  the  "  Growth  of  Democracy."  The 
conception  of  the  work  is  a  good  one,  and  its  execu- 
tion is  in  some  particulars  meritorious.  The  book 
shows  reading,  if  not  original  investigation  —  which, 
however,  is  not  claimed  but  disclaimed ;  and  the 
arrangement  and  handling  of  the  material  show 
grasp  of  the  subject.  A  very  large  amount  of  use- 
ful information  relating  to  an  important  topic  is 
brought  into  convenient  compass.  But,  we  regret 
to  say,  this  information  cannot  always  be  implicitly 
accepted.  For  example,  in  dealing  with  the  Home 
Rule  controversy  in  England,  the  author  makes  all 
Home  Rulers  Irishmen,  thus  confounding  them 
with  the  Irish  Nationalists ;  while  he  says  Mr. 
Gladstone's  retirement  from  office  and  public  life 
was  "owing  to  the  formation  of  a  cataract  in  his 
eyes."  The  ten-line  personal  sketch  of  President 
Garfield  contains  two  positive  errors.  Garfield  did 
not,  as  asserted,  "  abandon  the  law  to  serve,  first  in 
the  army,  and  afterwards  in  Congress ";  neither 
was  he,  at  the  time  of  his  nomination  for  the  Presi- 
dency, serving  in  the  Senate.  Garfield's  law  prac- 
tice all  followed  his  entry  into  Congress,  and  he 
never  served  in  the  Senate  at  all,  although  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  that  body  the  winter  before  he 
was  elected  President. 


A -wheel  in 
Normandy. 


Tourists  who  know  Normandy  only 
through  its  fashionable  watering- 
places  and  its  one  or  two  larger  his- 
toric towns  will  find  Mr.  Percy  Dearmer's  valuable 
little  book,  "Highways  and  Byways  in  Normandy" 
(Macmillan),  in  its  way  a  revelation.  Mr.  Dear- 
mer's scholarly  descriptions  are  copiously  illustrated 
by  the  delightful  drawings  of  Mr.  Joseph  Pennell, 
whose  pencil  is  very  much  at  home  in  depicting  the 
picturesque  nooks  and  corners  and  unspoiled  archi- 
tectural charms  of  the  quaint  old  Norman  towns. 
For  those  who  desire  to  explore  and  to  know  Nor- 
mandy, to  get  away  from  the  beaten  track  of  the 
"  personally  conducted "  tourist,  this  is  assuredly 
the  book.  Not  that  Mr.  Dearmer  has  by  any  means 
exhausted  the  riches  of  this  lovely  corner  of  France. 
His  trip  was  made  a-wheel,  and  he  cheerfully  ad- 
mits that  "  it  would  be  easy  to  leave  the  route  that 
is  here  suggested  at  almost  any  point  and  discover 
fresh  country."  In  Mr.  Dearmer's  narrative,  if 
such  it  can  properly  be  called,  the  personal  note  is 
not  conspicuous,  the  space  being  devoted  mainly  to 
objective  description  of  the  country  passed  through. 
Much  desirable  information  as  to  the  historic  asso- 
ciations and  past  of  notable  towns  and  buildings  is 
interspersed.  There  is  a  folding  map  showing  the 
author's  route,  and  Mr.  Pennell's  very  tasteful 
drawings  serve  to  illustrate  as  well  as  adorn  this 
capital  descriptive  and  historical  guide  to  the  tempt- 
ing region  explored  by  Mr.  Dearmer. 


Recollections 
of  Presidential 


Colonel  A.  K.  McClure  is  a  veteran 
of  American  politics.  He  has  ac- 
^y^  participated  in  fourteen  Presi- 
dential contests,  or  nearly  half  of  the  entire  number. 
In  the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1860  he 
played  a  prominent  part,  leading,  with  Mr.  Curtin, 
the  "  break  "  of  his  delegation  from  Cameron  to 
Lincoln.  In  the  ensuing  campaign  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  State  Committee.  In  addition  to  his 
experience,  Colonel  McClure  has  made  a  life-long 
study  of  the  history  and  methods  of  American  poli- 
tics, especially  of  the  great  quadrennial  contests  for 
the  Presidency.  He  now  embodies  the  information 
thus  gained  in  'a  volume  of  some  400  pages,  entitled 
"Our  Presidents  and  How  We  Make  Them" 
(Harper),  which  aims  to  narrate  succinctly  yet 
readably  the  story  of  each  Presidential  campaign, 
down  to  and  inclusive  of  that  of  1896.  Upon  the 
inside  history  of  those  campaigns  in  which  Colonel 
McClure  personally  took  part  some  interesting  side- 
lights are  shed.  The  text  is  brightened  with  an 
occasional  anecdote.  The  book  is,  all  things  con- 
sidered, commendably  impartial,  and  contains  much 
information  of  the  sort  that  an  active  political  ex- 
perience can  best  supply.  There  are  twenty-five 
portraits,  including  one  of  the  author. 


Dr.  E.  E.  Hale 
on  Emerson. 


Dr.  Edward  Everett  Hale  writing  of 
Emerson  could  hardly  fail  to  be 
interesting,  and  though  his  book  is 
not  very  thick,  containing  only  an  address  of  some 
fifty-three  pages  by  the  author  and  two  early  essays 
of  Emerson's,  the  address  itself,  is  pure  gold  and 
the  essays  are  more  than  interesting.  Little  per- 
sonal touches  that  bring  us  near  to  the  warm  human 
nature  of  the  transcendental  philosopher  crop  out 
on  every  page,  and  his  figure  grows  larger  for  us  as 
we  realize  more  fully  the  range  of  his  sympathies. 
It  is  refreshing  to  read  accounts  of  his  efforts  to 
hold  the  Town  and  Country  Club  to  practical  aims, 
and  equally  so  to  read  of  his  getting  up  in  the  dim 
midnight  to  soothe  and  comfort  two  lonely  boys,  like 
himself  guests  in  a  strange  house.  "  He  was  what 
his  own  New  England  had  made  him.  And  this 
was  a  child  of  God  who  chose  to  go  to  God  for 
instructions.  .  .  .  And  no  interpretation  of  that 
word  by  any  of  these  aides  —  brothers  and  sisters 
of  his  —  could  turn  him  from  the  Father.  This  is 
the  secret  of  the  power  of  Emerson."  Slight  as  it 
is,  all  lovers  of  Emerson  will  want  the  book,  with 
its  revealings  of  the  inner  spirit  of  the  loftiest  figure 
in  American  letters.  (Brown  &  Co.) 

Gargantua  and  A  three-volume  reprint  of  Rabelais, 
Pantagruel  in  in  Sir  Thomas  Urquhart's  seven- 
a  new  dress.  teenth-century  English,  forms  the 

latest  issue  in  the  admirable  series  of  "  Tudor 
Translations"  published  by  Mr.  David  Nutt  of 
London.  The  edition  is  edited  by  Mr.  Charles 
Whibley,  whose  introductory  essay  of  nearly  a  hun- 
dred pages  contains  all  the  information,  biograph- 


THE    DIAL, 


[July  16, 


ical  and  critical,  essential  to  a  right  understanding 
of  Rabelais  and  his  work.  Sir  Thomas  Urquhart's 
rendering  of  the  immortal  tales  of  Gargantua  and 
Pantagruel,  first  issued  in  1653,  occupies  a  posi- 
tion immeasurably  above  any  other  English  version. 
It  is,  as  Mr.  Whibley  says,  "  a  translation,  unique 
in  its  kind,  which  has  no  rival  in  profane  letters. 
Indeed  it  can  scarcely  be  called  a  translation  at  all ; 
rather  it  is  the  English  Rabelais.  .  .  .  He  [Urqu- 
hart  ]  was,  in  a  sense,  Rabelais  incarnate."  The 
mechanical  form  of  this  new  edition  is  in  keeping 
with  previous  volumes  of  the  "  Tudor  Transla- 
tions,"—  that  is  to  say,  the  volumes  are  models  of 
typographical  dignity  and  excellence:  It  is  certain 
that  Rabelais  was  never  before  presented  to  English 
readers  in  so  satisfactory  and  attractive  a  form. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


In  "  Paris  As  It  Is  "  (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.)  Miss 
Katherine  de  Forest  has  given  us  a  very  readable  book, 
which,  in  spite  of  the  disclaimer  of  its  preface,  will 
convey  a  good  deal  of  information  to  the  average  reader 
and  probably  contribute  in  its  way  something  toward  a 
better  appreciation  of  French  life.  Her  account  of  what 
she  has  seen  is  sprightly  and  enlivened  with  anecdotes 
not  always  new  but  generally  good.  When  she  drops 
into  philosophy  of  art  or  literature  she  shows  to  less 
advantage.  Her  ambition  to  "  interpret  the  genius  of 
Paris  "  must  not  lead  one  to  expect  anything  that  may 
be  compared  with  the  chapters  of  Mr.  Hamerton  or 
Mr.  Browuell.  There  are  some  excellent  pictures,  and 
the  book  is  neatly  printed  and  bound.  Unfortunately, 
the  proof-reading  is  atrocious.  The  foreign  names  and 
phrases  which  liberally  besprinkle  the  pages  appear 
under  horrible  disguises;  the  blunders  here  are  some- 
times of  a  character  to  make  us  suspect  the  complicity 
of  the  author. 

The  latest  "  Temple  Classics  "  (Macmillan)  to  reach 
us  form  a  group  of  exceptionally  attractive  titles  in  a 
series  which  is  uniformly  attractive.  They  comprise  a 
two-volume  edition  of  Goldsmith's  "  A  Citizen  of  the 
World,"  with  notes  by  Mr.  Austin  Dobson;  the  "  Silex 
Scintillans,  or  Sacred  Poems  and  Private  Ejaculations  " 
of  Henry  Vaughan;  Cowper's  "The  Task";  Carlyle's 
"Heroes  and  Hero- Worship";  Matthew  Arnold's 
4t  Narrative,  Elegiac,  and  Lyric  Poems,"  edited  by  Mr. 
H.  Buxton  Forman,  with  the  Watts  portrait  as  frontis- 
piece and  including  the  famous  first-edition  preface; 
and,  finally,  Vols.  I.  and  II.  in  a  seven-volume  edition 
of  William  Caxton's  "  The  Golden  Legend,  or  Lives  of 
the  Saints." 

The  following  modern  language  text-books  are  the 
latest  that  we  have  received:  "Journalistic  German," 
being  "  selections  from  current  German  periodicals  " 
(American  Book  Co.),  edited  by  Dr.  August  Prehn; 
"Les  Fautes  du  Langage"  (Jenkins),  by  Mr.  Victor 
F.  Bernard;  "  Progressive  Exercises  in  Spanish  Prose 
Composition  "  (Holt),  by  Mr.  M.  Montrose  Ramsey  and 
Miss  Aneta  Johnstone  Lewis;  and  Herr  Sudermann's 
"Frau  Sorge "  (Holt),  edited  by  Professor  Gustav 
Gruener.  Unfortunately,  the  latter  work  is  not  given 
complete,  one  long  and  important  episode  being  omitted 
altogether. 


NOTES. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  have  just  published  a  new  edition 
of  Dr.  Richard  T.  Ely's  "Outlines  of  Economics." 

"  How  to  Recite  "  is  a  school  speaker,  edited  by  Mr. 
F.  Townsend  South  wick,  and  published  by  the  American 
Book  Co. 

Mrs.  Humphry  Ward's  "  Helbeck  of  Bannisdale  "  has 
just  been  reissued,  two  volumes  in  one,  by  the  Mac- 
millan Co. 

Mr.  David  Nutt,  London,  publishes  a  pamphlet  en- 
titled "  Peasant  Lore  from  Gaelic  Ireland,"  collected  by 
Mr.  Daniel  Deeney. 

Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.  publish  the  "  Elements  of  Al- 
gebra," by  Messrs.  W.  W.  Beman  and  D.  E.  Smith,  as 
a  text-book  for  secondary  schools. 

Mr.  M.  F.  Mansfield  publishes  a  reprint  of  "The 
Mutiny  on  Board  H.  M.  S.  Bounty,"  from  the  original 
narrative  of  Lieutenant  William  Bligh. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  have  just  published  a  third  edition 
of  Mr.  Henry  Wallace's  "  Letters  to  the  Farm  Boy,"  a 
book  which  has  had  a  wide  popular  success. 

Mr.  Robert  Luce,  Boston,  is  both  author  and  pub- 
lisher of  "Going  Abroad?  Some  Advice,"  a  small 
volume  first  issued  three  years  ago,  and  now  reproduced 
in  a  new  edition. 

Twenty  lives,  by  Cornelius  Nepos,  edited  by  Mr. 
John  Edmund  Barss,  and  published  by  the  Macmillan 
Co.,  form  a  volume  which  is  a  welcome  addition  to  Latin 
texts  suitable  for  beginners. 

A  condensation  for  young  readers  of  "  The  Chronicles 
of  Sir  John  Froissart,  made  by  Mr.  Adam  Singleton,  is 
a  most  welcome  reading-book  for  schools  recently  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

"  The  World's  Work  "  is  the  title  of  a  new  magazine 
to  be  published  in  the  Fall  by  Messrs.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co.,  under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  Walter  H.  Page, 
formerly  editor  of  "  The  Forum  "  and  "  The  Atlantic." 

A  new  illustrated  edition  of  Carlyle's  "  French  Revo- 
lution," in  a  single  thick  volume,  has  recently  been 
imported  by  the  Messrs.  Scribner.  The  illustrations 
are  full-page  plates,  fifteen  in  number,  reproductions  of 
old  prints. 

A  new  edition  of  Miss  Cholmondeley's  "  Diana  Tem- 
pest," recalled  to  favor  by  the  success  of  her  more  re- 
cent "  Red  Pottage,"  is  published  by  Messrs.  Harper  & 
Brothers.  It  includes  a  portrait  and  a  biographical 
sketch  of  the  author. 

The  official  illustrated  catalogue  of  the  American  fine 
arts  exhibit  at  the  Paris  Exposition,  as  published  by 
Messrs.  Noyes,  Platt,  &  Co.,  makes  a  small  and  neat 
volume,  and  is  given  particular  attractiveness  by  the 
half  hundred  full-page  plates  at  the  end  of  the  book. 

A  new  edition  of  "  The  Story  of  Grettir  the  Strong," 
as  translated  from  the  Icelandic  over  thirty  years  ago 
by  William  Morris  and  Eirikr  Magnusson,  has  just 
been  published  by  Messrs.  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.  in 
their  uniform  library  edition  of  the  writings  of  Morris. 

"  Pausanias,  and  Other  Greek  Sketches  "  is  the  title 
of  a  volume  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Frazer,  just  published  in 
"  Eversley "  form  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  It  consists 
for  the  most  part  of  matter  reprinted  from  the  author's 
monumental  edition  of  Pausanias.  The  essay  which 
served  that  edition  as  an  introduction  fills  the  first 
hundred  and  sixty  pages  of  this  volume,  and  is  here  fol- 
lowed by  nearly  a  hundred  brief  descriptive  sketches 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


57 


selected  from  the  author's  commentary  on  Pausanias. 
His  "  Encyclopaedia  Britaunica  "  article  on  "  Pericles  " 
closes  this  collection  of  essays. 

Milton's  "  Paradise  Lost,"  I.  and  II.,  De  Quincey's 
"  Opium  Eater,"  and  Scott's  "  Lady  of  the  Lake,"  are 
three  new  volumes  of  the  "  Pocket  English  Classics" 
published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  The  respective  editors 
are  Mr.  W.  I.  Crane,  Dr.  Arthur  Beatty,  and  Miss 
Elizabeth  A.  Packard. 

Messrs.  Davis  &  Co.,  Chicago,  are  the  publishers  of 
«  The  Crucifixion,"  by  Mr.  William  T.  Stead.  The  book 
is  a  sort  of  religious  novel  dealing  with  the  last  days  in 
the  life  of  Jesus,  and  intended  as  a  sort  of  commentary 
upon  the  play  at  Oberammergau.  It  is  written  in  Mr. 
Stead's  most  approved  style  of  sensational  journalism. 

"The  Young  Folks'  Cyclopaedia  of  Persons  and 
Places,"  by  Mr.  John  Denison  Champlin,  is  published 
by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  in  a  third  and  revised 
edition.  The  original  work  is  now  twenty  years  old, 
and  the  revision  has  occasioned  many  changes,  including 
the  preparation  of  more  than  five  hundred  new  articles. 

New  reading-books  sent  us  by  the  American  Book 
Co.  in  their  "  Eclectic  "  series  are  the  following  :  "  Dis- 
coverers and  Explorers,"  by  Mr.  Edward  R.  Shaw; 
"  Alice's  Visit  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands,"  by  Miss  Mary 
H.  Krout;  the  "Story  of  Ulysses,"  by  Mr.  M.  Clarke; 
and  «  The  True  Citizen,"  by  Dr.  W.  F.  Markwick  and 
Mr.  W.  A.  Smith. 

"  Robert  Browning,"  by  Mr.  Arthur  Waugh,  and 
41  John  Wesley,"  by  Mr.  Frank  Banfield,  are  the  first 
two  volumes  in  the  series  of  "  Westminster  Biographies," 
published  by  Messrs.  Small,  Maynard,  &  Co.  These 
biographies  are  similar  in  size  and  appearance  to  those 
of  the  "  Beacon  "  series,  and  are  to  deal  similarly  with 
famous  modern  Englishmen. 

"  The  Story  of  Captain  Meriwether  Lewis  and  Cap- 
tain William  Clark  for  Young  Readers,"  retold  in  simple 
prose  by  Miss  Nellie  F.  Kingsley,  is  a  recent  publication 
of  the  Werner  School  Book  Co.,  who  also  send  us  "  Four 
American  Pioneers,"a  reading-book  about  Boone,  George 
Rogers  Clark,  Crockett,  and  Kit  Carson,  prepared  by 
Miss  Frances  M.  Perry  and  Miss  Katharine  Beebe. 

"  Exhibition  Paris,  1900,"  is  a  practical  guide  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  in  connection  with 
Mr.  William  Heinemann,  of  London.  The  opening 
chapter,  on  "  how  to  see  Paris  in  one  day  for  forty-five 
francs,"  should  appeal  irresistibly  to  hurried  Americans. 
By  this  feature,  as  well  as  by  many  others,  the  book 
unquestionably  earns  its  title  of  a  "  practical "  manual. 

The  Macmillan  Company  have  in  preparation  an 
edition  de  luxe  of  the  works  of  Walter  Pater,  in  eight 
volumes.  The  edition  will  be  limited  to  775  copies, 
250  of  which  will  be  reserved  for  America.  The  first 
volume,  "  Studies  in  the  History  of  the  Renaissance," 
will  be  issued  iu  September,  followed  by  monthly  vol- 
umes, the  last  of  which,  "  Miscellaneous  Studies,"  will 
be  issued  in  April,  1901. 

The  Hon.  Mellen  Chamberlain,  jurist,  librarian,  and 
author  of  numerous  essays  and  reviews  on  historical 
subjects,  died  in  Boston  on  the  25th  of  last  month  in 
his  eightieth  year.  He  was  both  lawyer  and  judge  be- 
fore he  became  librarian  of  the  Boston  Public  Library, 
which  position  he  left  about  ten  years  ago,  and  since 
then  has  given  his  time  to  literary  work,  of  which  his 
volume  entitled  "John  Adams,  the  Statesman  of  the 
American  Revolution  "  is  perhaps  the  best  known  ex- 
ample. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  Containing  40  titles,  includes   books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 
The  Writings  of  James  Monroe.    Edited  by  Stanislaus 

Murray  Hamilton.     Vol.   HI.,   1796-1802.     Large  8vo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  457.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $5.  net. 

(Sold  only  in  seta.) 
Flashes  of  Wit  and  Humor;  or,  A  Brief  Study  of  the  Best 

Things  of  the  Brightest  Minds.   By  Robert  Waters.    12mo, 

gilt  top,  pp.  186.    New  York :  Edgar  S.  Werner  Co.  . 
Quaint  Nuggets.    Gathered  by  Eveline  Warner  Brainerd. 

With  portrait,  32mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  136.    Fords,  Howard,  & 

Hulbert.    45  ets. 

FICTION. 
The  Last  Sentence.    By  Maxwell  Gray.    12mo,  pp.  491. 

D.  Appleton  &  Co.    $1.;  paper,  50  cts. 

A  Friend  of  Ceesar:  A  Tale  of  the  Fall  of  the  Roman  Re- 
public. By  William  Stearns  Davis.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  501.    Macmillan  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Meloon  Farm.    By  Maria  Louisa  Pool.    Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  401.    Harper  &  Brothers.    $1.50. 
Bequeathed.    By  Beatrice  Whitby.  12mo,  pp.  335.  Harper 

&  Brothers.     $1.50. 
A  Gentleman  Born.    By  Edward  C.  Kane.    12mo,  gilt  top, 

pp.  340.    G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Woman  That's  Good:  A  Story  of  the  Undoing  of  a 

Dreamer.     By  Harold  Richard  Vynne.     12mo,  gilt  top, 

pp.  473.    Rand,  McNally  &  Co.     $1.50. 
The  Bed  Badge  of  Courage :  An  Episode  of  the  American 

Civil  War.     By  Stephen  Crane.    New  edition,  with  por- 
trait and  Preface.    12mo,  uncut,  pp.  233.    D.  Appleton  & 

Co.    $1. 
The  Secret  of  the  Crater.    By  Duffield  Osborne.    12mo, 

pp.  312.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.     $1.;  paper,  50  cts. 
The  Heart  of  Hetta.    By  Effie  Adelaide  Rowlands.    Illus., 

12mo,  pp.  292.    Laird  &  Lee.    $1.25. 
Secrets  of  Monte  Carlo.    By  William  Le  Queux.    12mo, 

pp.  204.    G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.    $1. 
Lady  Blanche's  Salon :  A  Story  of  Some  Souls.    By  Lloyd 

Bryce.  Second  edition  ;  12mo,  pp.  229.  Harper  &  Brothers. 

*i  ')•". 

4M.4d. 

Widow  Magoogin.    By  John  J.  Jennings.    12mo,  gilt  top, 

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Black  Rock:  A  Tale  of  the  Selkirks.     By  Ralph  Conner. 

New  edition ;  12mo,  pp.  314.    F.  H.  Revell  Co.    Paper, 

25  cts. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

Overland  to  China.  By  Archibald  R.  Colquhoun.  Illus., 
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China,  the  Long-Lived  Empire.  By  Eliza  Ruhamah  Scid- 
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South  America,  Social,  Industrial,  and  Political :  A  Twenty- 
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Frank  G.  Carpenter.  Illus.,  4to,  pp.  625.  Akron,  Ohio: 
The  Saalfield  Publishing  Co. 

European  Travel  for  Women:  Notes  and  Suggestions. 
By  Mary  Cadwalader  Jones.  16mo,  pp.  301.  Macmillan 
Co.  $1. 

BOOKS  FOR   THE  YOUNG. 

With  Lawton  and  Roberts:  A  Boy's  Adventures  in  the 
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The  Noank's  Log:  A  Privateer  of  the  Revolution.  By 
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lishing Co.  $1.25. 

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Benj.  H.  Sanborn  &  Co.     $1. 
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Sibley  &  Ducker. 
A  Geography  of  North  America.  By  Ralph  S.  Tarr,  B.S., 

and  Frank  M.  McMurray,  Ph.D.     Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  469. 

Macmillan  Co.    75  cts. 


58 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


Child  Life  in  Many  Lands :  A  Third  Reader.    By  Etta  A. 

and  Mary  F.  Blaisdell.    Illus.,  Hvo,  pp.  192.    Macmillan 

Co.    36  cts. 
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The  Trust  Problem.    By  Jeremiah  Whipple  Jenks,  Ph.D. 

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The  American  Business  Woman :  A  Guide  for  the  Invest- 
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No.  SS9.        AUGUST  1,  1900.       Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


A  YEAR  OF  CONTINENTAL  LITERATURE -I.    65 

COMMUNICATION 70 

Who  Are  the  English  People  ?    Alfred  Nutt. 

CHINA  AND  THE  CHINESE.     Wallace  Rice  .    ,    .    71 
The  Chinese  Empire,  Past  and  Present. —  Miss  Scid- 
raore's  China,  the  Long-Lived  Empire. — Colquhonn's 
Overland  to  China. — Smith's  Village  Life  in  China. 

THEOCRACY  AND  DEMOCRACY.     James   Oscar 

Pierce 74 

THE  SCOPE  OF  RELIGIOUS  DISCUSSION.    John 

Bascom 76 

Hall's  The  Social  Meaning  of  Modern  Religions 
Movements  in  England. — Paine's  A  Critical  History 
of  the  Evolution  of  Trinitarianism. — Pullan's  History 
of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. — Pratt's  The  State 
and  the  Church.— Merrill's  Faith  and  Sight.— Ethics 
and  Religion. —  Iverach's  Theism. — Coe's  The  Spir- 
itual Life.  —  Spence's  Back  to  Christ.  —  Gladden's 
How  Much  is  Left  of  the  Old  Doctrines? — Jagger's 
The  Personality  of  Truth.  —  Huntington's  Personal 
Religious  Life  in  the  Ministry. — Royce's  The  Concep- 
tion of  Immortality.—  Clarke's  Man  and  his  Divine 
Father.  —  Robbins's  An  Essay  Toward  Faith.— 
Urmy's  Christ  Came  Again.  —  Hutton's  The  Crown 
of  Christ. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 78 

Literature  as  revealing  life.  —  Christian  philosophy 
and  civic  needs.  —  Hotel  de  Rambouillet  and  the 
Pre"cieuses.  —  Persistent  features  of  the  French  con- 
stitutional life.  —  Croquet,  properly  so  called.  —  En- 
glish abbeys  and  cathedrals.  —  A  genial  idler  among 


BRIEFER  MENTION 80 

NOTES 81 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 82 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .    82 


A    YEAR   OF  CONTINENTAL 

LITERATURE. 

i. 

In  pursuance  of  our  custom  of  several  years' 
standing,  we  have  summarized  for  this  and  the 
succeeding  issue  of  THE  DIAL  the  reports  made 
to  the  London  "  Athenaeum  "  by  the  foreign 
correspondents  of  that  journal,  upon  the  liter- 
ary history  of  the  last  twelvemonth  in  the  sev- 
eral countries  of  Continental  Europe.  Our 
acknowledgments  are  once  more  due  to  our 
English  contemporary  for  the  material  herewith 
presented.  The  reports  for  the  present  year 
include  twelve  countries,  the  only  noticeable 
omissions  being  Greece,  Portugal,  and  Sweden. 
We  present  our  summary  by  countries,  in 
alphabetical  order,  following  the  example  set 
by  the  "  Athenaeum." 

Professor  Paul  Fredericq  writes  of  Belgium, 
and  begins  with  mention  of  E.  Banning'* 
posthumous  "  Reflexions  Morales  et  Poli- 
tiques."  The  author  was  a  diplomat  and  a 
student  of  political  science,  not  unlike  Laveleye 
in  the  range  of  his  interests. 

"  The  French  poets  and  prose  authors  of  Belgium 
who  enjoy  a  reputation  outside  their  country  are  becom- 
ing naturalized  in  France  in  increasing  numbers.  MM. 
Maeterlinck,  Camille  Lemonnier,  Eeckhoud,  and  Roden- 
bach  —  the  last  died  at  Paris  last  year  —  have  even 
settled  in  the  French  capital,  which  now  sends  forth 
their  books  instead  of  Ghent  or  Brussels  or  Antwerp. 
M.  Lemonnier  has  published  two  novels,  '  Une  Femme  ' 
and  'Au  Co3ur  Frais  de  la  ForeV;  M.  Maeterlinck 
continues  his  series  of  philosophical  compositions  with 
'  Le  Mystere  de  la  Justice.'  A  collection  of  Roden- 
bach's  work  has  appeared  under  the  title  of  '  L'Elite,' 
containing  the  portraits  of  the  authors  and  artists  of 
the  day  whom  he  considered  the  best." 

In  Belgium,  we  are  told,  "  the  theatre  lives 
almost  entirely  on  pieces  from  France."  There 
are,  however,  a  few  Belgian  pieces,  the  most 
important  of  them  being  "  Le  Cloitre,"  by  M. 
Verhaeren.  A  work  of  timely  interest  is  the 
"  Pays  des  Boers  "  of  M.  Leclercq,  who  visited 
South  Africa  just  before  the  war.  In  their 
"Controverse  Transvaalienne,"  MM.  Abel  and 
Christophe  "have  gathered  the  arguments  for 
both  sides  as  they  appear  to  Belgians,"  where 
the  Boers  are  generally  favored  by  public 
opinion.  M.  Henri  Pirenne's  "  Histoire  de 
Belgique,"  now  published  in  French,  has  made 


66 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


a  considerable  sensation,  although  it  has  not 
got  beyond  the  fourteenth  century.  There  are 
many  other  contributions  to  national  history 
besides  this.  In  Flemish  literature  nothing 
very  remarkable  seems  to  have  been  published, 
unless  we  except  "  Te  Lande,"  a  volume  of 
sketches  by  Mr.  Cyriel  Buysse. 

"  Flemish  literature,  which  began  by  being  at  first 
merely  popular  and  poetical,  is  gradually  becoming 
learned.  The  professors  of  our  universities  are  begin- 
ning to  write  their  books  in  their  mother  tongue.  .  .  . 
The  Flemish  even  dream  of  forming  at  Ghent  a  uni- 
versity of  their  own,  like  the  Slav  University  the  Czechs 
of  Bohemia  have  had  for  some  years  at  Prague.  What- 
ever comes  of  the  scheme,  no  one  can  deny  that  the 
level  of  Flemish  literature  is  gradually  but  surely  rising 
year  by  year." 

Finally,  mention  is  made  of  two  small  works 
interesting  to  English  scholars  —  "  The  En- 
glish Faust-Book  of  1592,"  edited  by  Professor 
Logeman ;  and  "  Was  Dachte  Shakespeare 
iiber  Poesie?"  by  M.  Paul  Hamelius. 

Mr.  V.  Tille,  writing  of  Bohemia,  begins  by 
saying : 

"  In  all  branches  of  mental  activity,  Bohemia  is  mak- 
ing fresh  starts,  energetic  attempts  at  novel  forms  and 
developments.  The  older  generation  is  passing  away, 
people  who  in  their  day  have  done  their  duty  in  different 
departments  of  science  and  literature;  but  we  are  still 
waiting  for  a  man  capable  of  shaping  something  new 
out  of  the  chaos  of  modern  tendencies.  For  this  reason 
also,  the  majority  of  our  authors'  tendencies  are  char- 
acterized by  general  rather  than  by  individual  quali- 
ties, and  only  very  few  books  rise  above  the  average 
level." 

In  serious  writing,  mention  is  made  of  some 
works  on  the  development  of  civilization  and  of 
art,  besides  studies  in  literary  criticism,  such  as 
Mr.  Vrchlicky's  "  Chapters  on  Recent  French 
Fiction,"  and  Mr.  Vlcek's  "  History  of  Our 
Poetry."  But  in  general,  "  literary  criticism 
shows  a  great  lack  of  depth  and  elaboration, 
yet  at  the  same  time  plenty  of  cursory  studies 
and  interesting  struggles  between  the  several 
tendencies  of  our  younger  writers.  A  large 
systematic  work  on  the  history  of  universal 
literature  is  in  preparation,  but  as  yet  nothing 
can  be  said  about  its  execution."  Literature 
proper  is  summarized  in  a  few  such  sentences 
as  the  following : 

"  The  older  authors  who  have  already  secured  hon- 
ourable places  in  the  history  of  our  literature  remain 
quiet,  and  are  mostly  occupied  in  publishing  collections 
of  their  own  works.  ...  A  kind  of  fiction  cultivated 
in  Bohemia  with  uncommon  predilection  is  the  tale  of 
popular  life,  embracing  scenes  from  the  life  of  Bohe- 
mian peasantry,  directly  drawn  from  different  parts  of 
the  country.  .  .  .  Dramatic  literature  is  now  on  the 
eve  of  a  new  era  caused  by  the  change  in  the  working 
of  the  national  theatre  in  Prague.  The  management 


passes  this  year  into  the  hands  of  a  new  society  consist- 
ing of  the  foremost  men  in  the  literary  and  financial 
world." 

The  plays  which  have  made  the  most  stir  have 
been  Mr.  Svoboda's  "  Passion  Flowers  "  and 
"  The  Uprooted  Oak,"  and  Mr.  Hilbert's  "  The 
Exiles,"  which  has  been  published  but  not  yet 
produced. 

The  report  from  Denmark  is  contributed  by 
Dr.  Alfred  Ipsen,  who  says,  among  other 
things,  that  a  new  collected  edition  of  Dr. 
Brandes  has  just  been  published  ;  that  Profes- 
sor Hansen  is  bringing  out  a  second  edition  of 
his  monumental  "History  of  Danish  Litera- 
ture ";  that  Herr  Julius  Clausen  is  editing  a 
literary  history  of  the  world  on  a  plan  similar 
to  that  of  the  English  series  in  charge  of  Pro- 
fessor Gosse  ;  and  that  a  large  new  "  History 
of  the  Danish  Kingdom,"  by  many  hands,  is 
now  in  course  of  publication.  Herr  Drach- 
mann's  "  Hellige  lid  "  (Sacred  Fire),  written 
during  his  American  sojourn,  is  probably  the 
most  noteworthy  literary  production  of  the 
year.  "  Carit  Etlar,"  not  long  before  his 
death,  published  a  story  of  old-time  Norway 
entitled  "  Bjorneset,"  highly  romantic  in  color- 
ing and  treatment.  Herr  Skjoldborg's  "  Krage- 
huset  "  "  presents  a  picture  of  peasant  life  on 
the  western  coast  of  Jutland.  He  knows  the 
peasants  there  as  scarcely  any  other  man  does, 
being  himself  settled  among  them  as  a  teacher." 
Other  works  of  fiction  are  "  Lykke-Peer,"  by 
Herr  Pontoppidan,  which  is  largely  autobio- 
graphical ;  "  The  Sins  of  the  People,"  by  Mr. 
Gyrithe  Lemche,  which  treats  of  a  delicate 
subject,  but  not  with  sensational  intent ;  and 
"  Before  the  Portal  of  Death,"  by  Herr  Ed- 
vard  Egeberg,  "  a  most  serious  and  momentous 
effort."  In  verse,  Herr  E.  Blaumuller,  a  cler- 
gyman, has  published  a  volume  "  in  which  a 
whole  cycle  of  songs  is  devoted  to  Spinoza." 

"  I  must  first  consider  various  theatrical 
pieces  of  the  year,"  says  M.  Jules  Pravieux, 
writing  of  French  literature. 

"  We  are  tired,  quite  tired,  of  the  brutal  or  bitter  or 
immoral  sort  of  piece.  This  style  has  become  dreadfully 
commonplace.  To  do  realism  justice,  it  has  rendered 
a  real  service  to  letters:  it  has  done  away  with  the  cult 
of  the  vaudeville,  which  has  had  so  many  faithful  fol- 
lowers since  Scribe  was  its  chief  prophet.  We  have 
learnt  to  despise  ingenious  combinations,  elaborate  im- 
broglios. People  have,  it  appears,  an  increasing  fond- 
ness for  ideas  at  the  theatre  —  ideas  belonging  to 
psychology,  morals,  philosophy,  sociology.  I  will  not 
go  so  far  as  to  say  that  the  French  theatre  is  confined 
to  idealism.  The  statement  would  be  untrue,  and  this 
chronicle  of  the  chief  pieces  will  have  to  notice  attempts 
of  quite  a  different  sort." 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


67 


"  Les  Maris  de  Leontine,"  by  M.  Capus,  and 
«  Le  Pere  Naturel,"  by  MM.  Dupre  and  Char- 
ton,  are  pieces  in  the  style  of  refined  vaude- 
ville, but  they  stand  out  as  rather  exceptional. 
A  few  problem  plays  are  briefly  characterized. 
M.  Bruyere,  in  the  piece  called  "  En  Paix," 
"  attacks  the  law  on  the  confinement  of  the 
insane,"  but  makes  of  his  theme  "  a  deep-dyed 
melodrama." 

"M.  Jacques  Normand  leads  us  to  calmer  regions. 
The  problem  he  has  intended  to  study  in  '  La  Douceur 
de  Croire '  is  this:  «  Have  you  the  right  to  destroy  faith 
if  you  have  nothing  to  put  in  its  place  ?  Reasoning  is 
powerless  to  resolve  problems  whose  essential  elements 
are  beyond  reason.  .  .  .  M.  Brieux  in '  La  Robe  Rouge  ' 
proves  once  more  his  lively  gifts.  He  has  exhibited  in 
some  scenes  of  real  power  the  distortions  of  soul  in  a 
magistrate  due  to  the  professional  spirit.  M.  Brieux 
in  all  his  pieces  puts  before  one  the  most  pressing  social 
and  moral  problems  of  the  day  with  a  keen  sense  of 
life,  and  his  boldness  is  almost  always  crowned  with 
success.  He  despises  the  common  proceedings  by 
which  authors  in  vogue  capture  the  applause  of  the 
gallery.  .  .  .  M.  Hermant  also  looks  out  for  '  actual ' 
subjects.  He  has  given  us  '  L'Empreinte  '  and  '  Le 
Faubourg.'  The  first  can  be  without  hesitation  reck- 
oned a  '  piece  a  these.'  '  L'Empreinte '  belongs  to  the 
daily  increasing  list  of  pieces  against  divorce.  If  one 
wished  to  be  ironical,  it  would  be  pleasant  to  observe 
how  the  dramatists,  after  having  advertised  divorce, 
now  seem  to  exert  a  keenness  in  fighting  against  it  as 
great  as  the  energy,  audacity,  and  enthusiasm  with 
which  they  celebrated  its  benefits.  .  .  .  Since  the  extra- 
ordinary success  of  '  Cyrano,'  a  passionate  curiosity  fol- 
lows the  works  of  M.  Rostand.  In  '  L'Aiglon '  he  has 
resolutely  left  fiction  alone,  and  the  methods  of  Dumas 
the  elder  and  Victor  Hugo.  His  idea  is,  in  a  series  of 
well-chosen  scenes,  to  bring  out  the  real  figure  of  the 
son  of  Napoleon.  He  has  made  up  for  the  absence  of 
incident  by  a  strong  precise  psychological  analysis,  thus 
imitating  the  great  classics.  M.  Rostand  has  written 
an  unequal,  but  splendid  work,  full  of  pathetic  beauty, 
with  a  breath,  at  times,  of  Victor  Hugo's  epic  genius. 
If  he  sins  in  any  direction,  it  is  in  excessive  facility,  in 
the  over-use  of  comparison  and  metaphor." 

"The  tendencies  of  the  poets  are  not  very 
clearly  defined,"  we  are  told. 

"  Their  common  aim  seems  to  be  to  put  ideas  into 
poetry,  but  broad  ideas  which  are  the  expression  of  the 
most  intimate  personality,  which  render  the  deep  vibra- 
tions resulting  from  being  in  contact  with  things  and 
faced  by  the  great  enigma  of  life.  The  evolution  of 
versification  is  going  on.  The  romantic  reform  is  being 
completed  by  the  banishment  of  the  last  traces  of 
caesura  of  the  hemistich  in  the  verses  which  are  not  ex- 
pressly formed  on  the  classical  type.  The  aim  is  to 
make  verse  still  more  supple,  and  capable  of  finer,  more 
clearly  expressive,  harmonies." 

The  most  noteworthy  volumes  of  recent  poetry 
are  "  La  Beaute  de  Vivre,"  by  M.  Fernand 
Gregh;  "Les  Medailles  d'Argile,"  by  M. 
Henri  de  Regnier;  "Berthe  aux  Longs  Pieds," 
by  M.  Andre  Rivoire  ;  "  La  Legende  Ailee  de 
Wieland  le  Forgeron,"  by  M.  Viele  Griffin ; 


"  Fleurs  de  Corail,"  by  M.  Maurice  Olivaint ; 
"  Fleurs  d'Hiver,"  by  M.  Armand  Silvestre  ; 
"  Au  Champs  et  au  Foyer,"  by  M.  Achille 
Million ;  "  La  Bretagne  Enchantee,"  by  M. 
Paul  Sebillot ;  and  "  La  Charmille  d'Or,"  by 
M.  A.  Joubert. 

"  Our  century  is  so  infatuated  with  the  novel  that  it 
is  not  strange  to  see  novelists  multiplying  at  a  rate 
really  frightful.  .  .  .  One  fact  is  evident,  for  every 
year  brings  fresh  proof  of  it:  there  is  no  school,  a  fact 
which  cannot  be  regretted.  Every  one  goes  his  own 
way  —  follows  his  ideal,  his  own  bent,  as  he  chooses. 
Every  one  is  innovating  or  imitating  as  his  innate  tem- 
perament or  his  lively  affection  directs." 

M.  Bourget  is  becoming  a  moralist  rather  than 
a  psychologist. 

"The  time  has  come  when  simple  undiluted  state- 
ments of  fact  do  not  satisfy  him.  The  study  of  the 
human  heart  leaves  an  uneasiness,  and  as  by  living  near 
the  sick  one  gets  the  desire  to  care  for  them,  the  psy- 
chologist is  being  moved  with  pity  for  the  poor  suffering 
souls  whose  wounds  he  examined  at  first  with  mere  cu- 
riosity. Having  seen  souls  suffer,  he  attempts  to  cure 
them  with  beliefs." 

These  statements  are  illustrated  by  M.  Bour- 
get's  "Drames  de  Famille." 

"  Nor  do  the  brothers  Margueritte,  in  their  novel 
<Femmes  Nouvelles,'  aim  at  merely  amusing  their 
readers.  They  wish  to  oblige  them  to  verify,  and  cor- 
rect some  of  the  gravest  errors,  some  of  the  worst  in- 
justices, of  our  contemporary  civilization.  So  their 
book,  before  being  a  work  of  art,  is  a  social  work." 

M.  Barres,  in  "  L'Appel  au  Soldat,"  has  con- 
tinued the  theme  of  his  "  Deracines."  M. 
Rod's  latest  novel,  "  Au  Milieu  du  Chemin," 
studies  "  the  important  question  of  the  respon- 
sibility of  the  man  of  letters.  The  book  de- 
rives a  great  beauty  from  the  gravity  of  the 
subject  alone,  but  the  novel  spoils  the  moral 
treatment."  M.  Marcel  Prevost,  in  "  Freder- 
ique  "  and  "  Lea,"  has  attacked  the  "  question 
feministe  " — "  his  characters  are  thrown  into 
strong  relief  by  his  dramatic  power,  and  their 
experiences  are  vividly  related."  Of  M.  Zola's 
"  Fecondite  "  we  are  told  that 
"  One  cannot  help  admiring  the  extraordinary  powers  of 
his  imagination,  the  gift  he  has  of  creating  great  wholes, 
of  painting  crowds  of  stirring  people  all  alive,  thrilled, 
carried  away  by  great  movements,  roused  by  great  agita- 
tions to  revolt.  His  novel  is  a  poem,  a  highly  realistic 
poem.  Its  descriptions  are  intense,  brilliant,  winding  off 
into  visions.  It  moves  towards  the  organization  of  a  vast 
allegory,  disengaging  more  or  less  confusedly  a  social  con- 
ception whose  chief  merit  is  not  originality.  The  novel 
of  M.  Zola  gives  me  a  chance  to  note  once  more  that  the 
realist  school,  of  which  he  is  the  chief,  has  seen  its  day. 
The  preferences  of  young  men  entering  letters  are  not 
for  the  literary  doctrines  of  M.  Zola,  and  few  are  the 
books  which  can  be  referred  to  realism,  if  one  prefers 
naturalism." 

A  few  other  novels  are  "La  Double  Mai- 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


tresse,"  by  M.  de  Regnier ;  "  La  Romance  du 
Temps  Present,"  by  M.  Leon  Daudet ;  "  La 
Princesse  de  Lerne,"  by  M.  Ernest  Daudet ; 
"Au  Coaur  Frais  de  la  Foret,"  by  M.  Lem- 
onnier ;  "  Claudette,"  by  M.  Theuriet ;  and 
"  Sous  la  Tyrannie,"  by  M.  A.  Filon.  In  lit- 
erary criticism,  much  praise  is  given  to  M.  de 
Wyzewa  for  his  persistent  endeavor  to  make 
the  French  public  acquainted  with  the  modern 
works  of  other  literatures.  M.  Ehrhard's  work 
on  Grillparzer  and  the  Austrian  theatre  is  com- 
mended, as  well  as  M.  Rebelliau's  study  of 
Bossuet.  M.  Emile  Faguet  continues  the  best 
traditions  of  French  criticism. 

"  He  seems  to  steer  clear  carefully  of  general  theo- 
ries, mere  erudition,  and  anecdotes.  He  presents  curi- 
ous studies  of  minds.  His  one  aim  is  to  distinguish  and 
define  the  moral  existences  which  are  revealed  by  works, 
and  all  these  mixtures  of  temperaments,  intelligence, 
and  affections  are  analyzed  by  him  with  fine  precision. 
He  has  published  this  year  two  important  works, 
« L'Histoire  de  la  Litte*rature  Franchise  '  and « Politiques 
et  Moralistes  du  XlXeme  Siecle.'  The  former  is  nota- 
ble for  immense  learning,  originality  of  view,  abundance 
of  ideas,  and,  above  all,  lucidity,  wonderful  distinctness 
of  exposition." 

Memoirs  of  the  First  Empire  abound  this  year 
as  usual,  and  include  a  new  volume  by  M. 
Frederic  Masson.  M.  Alberic  Neton  devotes 
a  thorough  study  to  "  Sieyes."  M.  Aulard 
has  written  a  "  Histoire  Politique  de  la  Revo- 
lution Fransaise."  M.  Victor  du  Bled  has 
written  a  volume  on  "  La  Societe  Fran£aise  du 
XVIeme  au  XXeme  Siecle."  "  For  M.  Ana- 
tole  France,  history  is  once  again  a  muse,  as 
she  used  to  be  when  she  charmed  young  hu- 
manity. In  his  book  *  Clio  '  the  past  is  exactly 
and  scrupulously  revived  as  imagination  pic- 
tures it,  and  as  it  really  was,  without,  however, 
losing  the  distinct  charm  of  things  death  has 
sheltered  from  the  ravages  of  time.  Clearly 
under  history  must  also  be  included  Victor 
Hugo's  posthumous  *  Choses  Vues,'  of  which 
a  new  volume  has  been  brought  out  by  the  ex- 
ecutors of  the  poet."  Philosophy  is  represented 
by  numerous  works,  among  which  M.  Fouil- 
lee's  "  La  France  au  Point  de  Vue  Moral "  is 
of  the  first  importance. 

"  In  it  he  studies  the  press,  politics,  and  religion,  he 
inquires  what  this  great  word  «  decadence,'  which  we 
utter  so  lightly,  means.  He  puts  at  the  end  of  his  long 
study  the  remedies  for  the  ills  he  has  exhibited,  attach- 
ing special  importance  to  the  grave  question  of  national 
education.  It  is  the  work  of  a  thinker  and  a  moralist." 

Other  books  in  this  department  are  "  Les 
Causes  Sociales  de  la  Folie,"  by  M.  G.  L. 
Duprat;  "  Recherches  sur  1'Esthetique  et  la 
Morale, "by  M.  Durand  de  Gros ;  and  "La  Phil- 


osophic d'Auguste  Comte,"  by  M.  Levy-Bruhl. 
Two  books  of  interest  to  English  readers  are 
"  Les  Milliardaires  Americains,"  by  M.  F.  de 
Norvins,  and  "  Newman  et  le  Mouvement  d'Ox- 
ford,"  by  M.  Thureau-Dangin.  This  year  has 
also  seen  the  appearance  of  the  first  volume  of 
a  long-awaited  life  of  Louis  Veuillot,  by  his 
brother. 

"  At  the  end  of  this  review  the  leading  idea  to  be 
discovered  in  the  literary  effort  of  the  year  might  be  a 
subject  for  inquiry.  Tendencies  are  confused,  and  the 
result  of  all  this  agitation  and  preparation  of  all  sorts 
may  be  asked.  If  I  can  trust  an  eminent  critic  and 
authority,  it  is  now  all  over  with  scientific  literature, 
only  an  artistic  literature  can  be  produced.  To-day  it  is 
all  over  with  naturalism,  as  it  was  forty  years  ago  with 
romanticism,  and  seventy  years  ago  with  classicism. 
The  literature  of  the  future  will  be  a  naturalism  wid- 
ened by  being  reformed  out  of  certain  romantic  and 
especially  classic  elements,  a  synthesis,  as  it  were,  of 
the  three  doctrines  of  art  which  our  literature  has 
evolved  since  the  Renaissance." 

The  persistence  of  the  romantic  tendency  is 
the  keynote  of  Herr  Ernst  Heilborn's  account 
of  the  German  literature  of  the  past  year. 

"  Literary  tendencies  come  and  go,  but  that  romantic 
undercurrent  is  enduring.  What  is  designated  as  lit- 
erature and,  dubbed  as  the  <  spirit  of  the  age,'  fills  up 
the  pages  of  our  histories  of  literature  is,  after  all,  only 
the  property  of  a  few  cultured  persons.  The  great 
mass  of  the  people,  at  any  rate  in  Germany,  remain 
untouched  by  it.  They  continue  to  lead  their  own  intel- 
lectual life;  and  only  those  writers  who  strike  the 
notes  that  find  an  echo  in  the  popular  range  of  feeling 
are  able  to  conquer  this  tough  and  unwieldy  mass,  and 
so  win  their  way  '  to  the  people.'  Now  and  then  it 
happens  that  this  undercurrent,  which  regularly  reveals 
itself  in  the  back-staircase  novels  and  stories  of  the 
people,  extends  its  dominion  over  literature  proper  — 
of  course,  in  some  higher  and  purer  manifestation.  Or 
else  the  same  mood  may  prevail  among  the  cultured 
and  the  masses,  though  with  different  effects  on  the 
feelings.  Such  a  period  seems  at  hand.  Unless  all  the 
signs  are  deceptive,  we  are  steering  towards  a  new 
romanticism." 

The  indications  of  this  drift  are  numerous, 
among  them  being  the  two  here  mentioned : 

"  Next  winter  a  theatre  is  to  be  opened  in  Berlin  de- 
voted principally,  if  not  exclusively,  to  a  new  romantic 
movement.  Quite  lately  a  series  of  lectures  was  given 
in  one  of  the  artistic  salons  of  Berlin,  with  the  expressed 
object  of  paving  the  way  for  interest  in  and  compre- 
hension of  romantic  art." 

The  drama  occupies  the  forefront  of  the  present 
discussion,  and  Herr  Heilborn  presents  unusu- 
ally interesting  summaries  of  the  important 
plays  of  the  year. 

"  Gerhart  Hauptmann's  latest  work,  the  farce 
'  Schluck  und  Jau,'  deals  with  quite  a  romantic  sub- 
ject, familiar  from  one  of  the  stories  in  the  «  Arabian 
Nights  '  as  well  as  one  of  the  plays  by  the  Danish  dram- 
atist Holberg;  still  more  familiar  in  the  Introduction 
to  Shakespeare's  '  Taming  of  the  Shrew.'  Two  tipsy 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


69 


tramps  —  in  the  familiar  instances  there  is  only  one  — 
are  carried  to  a  castle  by  a  merry  hunting  party,  and 
one  of  them  on  awakening  from  his  fit  of  intoxication 
is  made  to  fancy  himself  the  lord.  His  companion  has 
to  play  the  part  of  his  consort  and  to  deceive  his  com- 
rade, who  is  the  dupe.  ...  In  sharp  contrast  to  the 
broken-down  drunkard  are  the  members  of  the  hunting 
party ;  on  their  behalf  Hauptmann  has  for  the  first  time 
invented  a  dignified  yet  characteristic  style,  abounding 
in  metaphor;  even  in  the  '  Versunkene  Glocke '  there 
was  too  great  a  tendency  to  allusiveuess." 

Herr  Max  Halbe's  new  play,  "  Das  Tausend- 
jjihrige  Keich,"  has  for  its  subject  "  the  old 
dream  that  Christ  would  come  again  to  estab- 
lish an  earthly  kingdom  of  happiness  and 
gentle  peace  —  a  conception  which  Christian- 
ity has  taken  over  as  a  legacy  from  Judaism." 
The  author  "  plants  this  dream  in  the  heart  of 
a  man  of  the  people,  a  village  blacksmith. 
While  famine  prevails  in  the  land  and  revolu- 
tionary bands  are  stirring  up  strife  —  for  this 
is  the  year  1848  —  this  village  blacksmith  col- 
lects a  company  of  the  faithful,  to  await  the 
coming  of  the  Lord."  In  Herr  Ludwig 
Fulda's  "  Das  Schlaraffenland," 

"  An  apprentice  to  whom  reality  refuses  all  that  his 
heart  desires,  and  grants  him  only  the  objects  of  his 
aversion,  enters  Lazyland  (Schlaraffenlaud)  in  a  dream. 
There  he  meets  with  all  his  coveted  delights  —  sweet 
dreams  and  pretty  girls.  He  even  attains  the  honour 
of  a  throne  in  Lazyland.  But  in  the  midst  of  his  bliss 
he  discovers  that  work  is  a  condiment  which  even  the 
sweetest  of  dainties  cannot  dispense  with.  He  tries  to 
introduce  work  into  Lazyland,  and  this  leads  to  terrible 
disturbances,  so  that  he  is  glad  enough  to  wake  up 
once  more  in  the  reality  he  had  despised." 

Herr  Georg  von  Ompteda  is  the  author  of 
"  Worth,"  a  one-act  piece  "which  satisfies  the 
most  exacting  demands  in  its  simple  and  poetic 
expression."  Compared  with  this  little  piece, 
"  The  play  which  is  regarded  as  the  great  dramatic 
success  of  the  year,  Max  Dreyer's  '  Probekandidat,'  ap- 
pears somewhat  threadbare.  It  owed  its  success  to  its 
'  purpose,'  and  this  is  laudable  enough,  but,  like  every 
other  purpose,  it  tends  to  injure  what  is  the  chief  aim 
of  all  art,  the  purely  human  interest ;  in  fact,  it  is  truth 
that  suffers.  A  young  teacher  during  his  probationary 
period  expounds  Darwinian  views  to  the  highest  class 
in  the  natural  history  lesson.  The  school  comes  under 
clerical  influence,  the  head  master  is  a  time-server,  and 
the  young  probationer  is  called  upon  to  retract  his  state- 
ments in  a  public  lesson.  The  pressure  of  domestic 
circumstances  compels  him  to  consent;  but  when  it 
comes  to  the  point,  and  he  looks  into  the  clear  eyes  of 
his  pupils,  the  truth  overwhelms  him  with  irresistible 
force,  and  instead  of  retracting,  he  confirms  his  pre- 
vious statements  with  greater  emphasis.  He  is  dismissed, 
he  loses  his  sweetheart,  but  in  his  heart  he  feels  a  sense 
of  victory,  and  the  play  ends  with  an  epigram." 

Herr  von  Wildenbrach's  new  historic  tragedy, 
"  Die  Tochter  des  Erasmus,"  is  thus  charac- 
terized : 


"  Passionate  love  for  German  nationality  and  patriotic 
sentiment,  for  pure  doctrine  and  unfettered  belief,  en- 
thusiasm for  the  capacity  for  enthusiasm,  animates  the 
whole  play.  Even  the  dramatic  situation  depends  on 
it.  Erasmus  of  Rotterdam  appears  as  the  cool,  scep- 
tical critic;  Hutten,  at  first  his  friend,  is  the  enthusiast. 
Erasmus's  daughter  is  naturally  her  father's  true  child, 
all  reason  and  calm  calculation;  it  is  her  love  for  Hut- 
ten  that  effects  the  great  transformation  in  her.  As 
his  mistress  she  follows  him  into  banishment  and  misery. 
At  last  the  score  has  to  be  settled  between  his  daughter 
and  Erasmus,  now  grown  an  old  man.  Then  she,  the 
disgraced  and  abandoned  in  the  eyes  of  the  world,  re- 
nounces him,  and  breaks  her  staff  over  him." 

Herr  Heyse,  at  the  age  of  seventy,  has  written 
a  "  Neues  Marchenbuch,"  which  is  called  the 
best  product  of  his  old  age.  The  "  tales  are 
simple  and  unpretending,  some  of  them  only 
fresh  versions  or  interpretations  of  old  fairy 
tales  ;  but  there  is  unusual  grace  in  their  form, 
and  they  are  pervaded  by  a  peculiar  restrained 
humour  accompanied  by  a  tinge  of  sadness." 
Herr  P.  K.  Rosegger's  novel,  "Erdsegen," 
takes  us  to  a  peasant's  cottage  among  the  au- 
thor's native  mountains,  and  draws  a  sharp  and 
too  didactic  contrast  "  between  the  patriarchal 
existence  on  mountain  heights  and  life  in  a 
great  city." 

"The  same  civilization  which  Rosegger  desires  to 
banish  from  his  world  becomes  in  Adolf  Wilbrandt  a 
refined  intellectual  culture,  the  force  that  sustains  life. 
Wilbrandt,  another  distinguished  representative  of  the 
older  generation  in  our  literature,  delights  in  depicting 
as  the  leading  figure  of  his  stories  an  ideal  of  free, 
intellectual,  ethical  manhood,  such  as  he  cherishes  in 
his  own  heart." 

He  has  published  two  stories,  "  Erika "  and 
"  Das  Kind, "  which  embody  this  ideal. 
"  Thekla  Ludekind,"  by  Herr  W.  von  Polenz, 
"  is  an  educational  romance,  of  the  kind  that 
*  Wilhelm  Meister '  made  popular  in  German 
literature,  a  book  in  which  life  itself  plays  the 
part  of  the  educator." 

"  The  book  is  good,  as  marking  an  advance,  not  only 
in  Polenz's  own  development,  but  also  in  the  present 
position  of  our  fiction  as  a  whole.  The  same  may  be 
even  more  emphatically  asserted  of  Georg  von  Omp- 
teda's  novel  '  Eysen.'  Polenz  bases  his  picture  on  the 
individual  fortunes  of  one  person,  while  Ompteda's 
1  Eysen  '  rests  on  a  broader  basis.  The  book  bears  the 
characteristic  sub-title  «  Deutscher  Adel  urn  1900,'  and 
describes  the  fortunes  of  a  whole  family,  the  von 
Eysens;  but  though  the  interest  is  equally  directed  to  a 
variety  of  figures,  artistic  unity  is  by  no  means  lacking." 

Herr  Detlev  von  Liliencron  has  this  year  pub- 
lished a  few  new  poems  in  the  collection, 
"  Nebel  und  Sonne." 

"  He  possesses  a  warm  masculine  temperament  which 
carries  one  away;  a  daring  humour  which  can  make 
head  against  life  pervades  the  elegiac  atmosphere;  and 
when  his  poems  originate  in  mystic  sentiment  this  mys 
ticism  springs  from  true  nature  feeling.  .  .  .  There  i 


70 


THE    DIAL, 


[Aug.  1, 


a  curious  contradiction  about  his  moods,  but  no  matter 
what  their  character,  their  effect  is  genuine." 

Other  volumes  of  poetry  are  by  Fraulein  Anna 
Bitter  and  Herr  Carl  Spitteler.  In  literary 
criticism  and  miscellany,  mention  is  made  of 
Professor  Grimm's  "  Fragmente,"  of  Fraulein 
Kicarda  Huch's  "  Aus  der  Friihzeit  der  Ro- 
mantik,"  of  Herr  Julius  Rodenberg's  "  Jugen- 
derinnerungen,"  and  of  Ludwig  Bamberger's 
posthumous  "  Erinnerungen."  At  the  close  of 
his  discussion,  the  author  reverts  to  his  key- 
note, and  says : 

"  A  new  romantic  movement  is  making  way  in  art. 
Whether  it  will  bear  fruit  who  shall  say?  Yet  to  me  it 
seems  to  originate  in  an  awakening  desire  for  greater 
depth  and  thoughtfulness,  and  the  longing  that  still 
seeks  timidly  and  hesitatingly  for  expression  is  a  holi- 
day yearning  after  inner  contemplation.  If  this  be  so, 
the  fruits  cannot  fail  to  appear." 


COMMUNICA  TION. 

WHO  ARE  THE  ENGLISH  PEOPLE? 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

May  I  take  exception  to  a  passage  which  I  note  in 
your  issue  of  June  1   (pp.  442-443)  in  a  paragraph 
entitled  "  The  Fighting  Englishman  "  ?   The  passage  is 
as  follows:  "  Dr.  Fitchett's  own  pages  must  often  enough 
traverse  the  assumption  of  his  title  [« How  England 
saved  Europe ']    by  showing  how  often,   during   the 
Napoleonic  wars,  it  was  not  the  English,  but  the  Celts, 
the  Scotch  and  Irish  contingents  of  the  British  forces, 
that  did  the  bulk  of  the  fighting."  This  criticism  would 
only  be  justified  if  the  word  English  had  in  Dr.  Fitch- 
ett's work  a  racial  significance  opposed  to  the  word  Celt. 
It  has  not,  nor  has  it  in  current  usage ;  it  connotes,  on 
the  contrary,  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  British  Isles  — 
not  merely  those  of  the  country  south  of  the  Cheviots 
and  west  of  Offa's  Dyke.   It  is  as  justifiable,  historically, 
in  this  sense  as  the  term  French,  which  connotes  popu- 
lation without  a  drop  of  Frankish  blood  in  their  veins, 
—  population  speaking  Celtic  and  Germanic  languages, 
as  well  as  population  speaking  a  very  different  form  of 
Romance  from  that  known  as  French ;  population,  I  may 
add,  which  within  a  very  recent  historical  period  were 
bitterly  opposed  to  the  hegemony  of  France  proper. 
All   modern   nations   are   amalgams;   it  is   practically 
impossible  to  devise  a  name  which  shall  express  every 
element  of  the  amalgam ;  it  is  inevitable  that  that  ele- 
ment which  takes  the  lead  by  virtue  of  position,  supe- 
rior energy,  and  superior  wealth  (of  all  kinds),  should 
impose  its  name.    In  the  present  case  your  criticism  is 
the  more  unfortunate  because  it  was  England  in  the 
narrow  sense  in  which  you  take  the  term  rather  than 
England  in  the  larger  sense  (t.  e.,  the  British  Isles)  in 
which  Mr.  Fitchett  takes  it,  which  did  "save  Europe." 
So  far  as  the  power  of  Napoleon  was  shattered  by  fight- 
ing, it  was  shattered  by  sea-fighting,  the  partakers  in 
which  were  almost  entirely  Englishmen  in  the  narrower 
sense.     But,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  it  was  the  policy  of 
stubborn  and  indomitable  opposition  to  Napoleon,  far 
more  than  the  fighting  by  which  it  was  supported,  which 
ultimately  won  the  day;  and  for  this  policy  the  specific- 
ally English  portion  of  the  British  Isles  was  responsible. 


In  the  same  paragraph,  you  continue:  "To  come 
nearer  our  own  day,  what  sort  of  showing  must  Tommy 
Atkins  proper  (though  outnumbering  his  foes  four  to 
one)  have  made  against  the  hardy  South  African  ranch- 
man without  the  support  of  the  Scotch  and  Irish  and 
Colonials  ?  "     In  the  first  place,  if  you  deduct  Scotch 
and  Irish  and  Colonial  troops  from  the  British  forces 
the  residue  does  not  outnumber  the  Boer  forces  "  four  to 
one,"  however  low  an  estimate  be  made  of  the  latter. 
In  the  second  place,  it  is  quite  illusory  to  imagine  that 
the  territorial  designations  of  our  regiments  imply  ex- 
clusive connection  with  different  localities.     There  are 
Londoners  in  Highland  regiments,  there  are  Irishmen 
and  Highlanders  in  South  "  English  "  regiments.      But 
thirdly  (and  this  is  a  simple  matter  of  fact)  there  has 
been  no  such  distinction  as  you  imply  between  the  dif- 
ferent regiments  ;    the  errors  of  conduct  have  been 
spread  over  the  same  area  —  and  that  the  whole  of  the 
army  —  as  the  excellences  of  conduct.    The  "  cockney  " 
whom  you  decry  (without,  if  I  may  urge,  knowing  any- 
thing about  him)  has  fought  quite  as  well  as  the  man 
from  Devon,  or  Tipperary,  or  Carnarvon,  or  Lanark,  or 
Rosshire;  just  as  well,  but  no  better, —  and  at  times 
he  has  had  to  put  up  with  nasty  reverses  equally  with 
his  "  rural "  or  "  Celtic  "  comrade.      As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  "  cockney  "  is  by  no  means  so  largely  repre- 
sented in  the  ranks  of  the  British  army  as  you  seem 
to  think, —  more 's  the  pity,  perhaps,  as  he  is,  like  the 
Parisian,  a  first-class  fighting  man,  making  up  in  ner- 
vous energy  what  he  lacks  in  stamina. 

One  more  point:  You  speak  of  the  "  ludicrous  failure 
of  the  English  attempt  to  raise  in  the  rural  districts  a 
corps  of  « rough  riders '  on  the  American  model."  You 
are  misinformed  on  this  matter.  The  attempt  has  not 
been  a  failure.  The  "  Yeomanry  "  raised  in  all  parts  of 
the  British  Isles  (it  was  the  Irish  corps  which  has  suf- 
fered the  chief  reverse  that  has  befallen  this  branch  of 
the  forces)  has  done  excellent  service  and  shown  itself 
fully  the  equal  of  the  American  "  Rough  Riders."  The 
latter  were  doubtless  a  gallant  set  of  men  and  did  their 
duty  nobly ;  but  you  must  pardon  my  pointing  out  that 
they  had  to  face  an  enemy  pour  rire,  and  that  they,  at 
least  once,  got  themselves,  as  volunteer  troops  will, 
into  such  a  position  that,  had  they  been  opposed  by  ca- 
pable sharpshooters  like  the  Boers,  scarcely  a  man 
would  have  escaped.  I  am  convinced  that  the  Rough 
Riders  would  have  borne  themselves  as  bravely  at  Spion 
Kop  or  at  Gettysburg  as  they  did  at  Santiago;  in  either 
case  they  would  have  been  exterminated,  or  they  would 
have  had  to  fall  back,  just  as  Pickett's  magnificent 
corps  had  to  do.  The  American  army  has  such  a  superb 
history  of  real  fighting  that  it  seems  inadvisable  to 
dwell  overmuch  upon  the  military  promenade  in  Cuba. 

May  I  add  that,  although  an  Englishman  in  the  nar- 
rower sense  of  the  word, —  nay,  a  cockney,  and  one  who 
glories  in  the  name, —  I  have  for  twenty  years  urged, 
in  season  and  out  of  season,  the  importance  of  recog- 
nizing and  fostering  every  element  in  our  mixed  British 
population.  In  especial  I  have  extolled  and  vindicated 
the  importance  of  the  Celtic  element.  Nor  have  I  other 
than  the  warmest  feeling  for  the  English  race  in 
America.  I  look  upon  Lincoln  as  the  greatest  man 
produced  by  our  common  race  in  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury; and  I  do  think  that  some  of  his  greatness  is  due 
to  the  blood  derived  ultimately  from  the  British  Isles, 
and  from  that  portion  of  it  to  which  you  —  incorrectly, 
as  I  maintain  —  would  restrict  the  name  England. 

ALFRED  NUTT. 
London,  July  7,  1900. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


71 


CHINA  AND  THE  CHINESE.* 

Of  the  four  profusely  illustrated  books  in 
our  present  category,  only  one  seems  to  have 
been  gotten  out  with  any  reference  to  the  ex- 
isting eruption  in  China.  The  Reverend  Doctor 
Smith's  highly  interesting  and  instructive  work 
has  been  in  print  for  several  months ;  Miss 
Scidmore's  bright  and  prejudiced  book  is  the 
result  of  her  many  journeys  and  residences  in 
the  newly  roused  country ;  while  Mr.  Colqu- 
houn's  instructive  volume  is  the  product  of 
long  acquaintance  with  Oriental  affairs,  and 
has  more  diplomatic  value  than  the  others. 
All  of  them,  it  may  be  added,  make  it  apparent 
that  one  sees  in  China  much  that  one  wishes  to 
see,  and  correction  of  the  personal  equation  is 
more  than  ordinarily  needful  if  the  truth  is  to 
be  ascertained  approximately,  the  realities  be- 
neath the  life  of  the  Chinese  remaining  largely 
unexplored  through  ethnical  miscomprehen- 
sions. 

"  The  Chinese  Empire,  Past  and  Present," 
is  a  book  of  encyclopedic  scope.  Many  sources 
are  drawn  upon  for  a  knowledge  of  the  Middle 
Kingdom  which  is  felt  to  be  necessary  in  the 
present  crisis.  General  Tcheng-Ki-Tong,  Mili- 
tary Attache  to  the  Imperial  Chinese  Legation 
in  Paris ;  the  Very  Reverend  John  Henry  Gray, 
Archdeacon  of  Hong  Kong ;  the  Reverend 
William  C.  Milne,  with  some  less  well-known 
persons,  have  been  quoted  extensively.  The 
third  chapter  of  the  book  brings  the  history  of 
the  country  down  to  the  immediate  present, 
while  the  other  chapters  contain  the  elementary 
facts  respecting  the  people  and  their  customs 
which  are  taken  for  granted  by  the  other 
writers  under  consideration.  It  will  be  found 
useful  for  those  newly  interested  in  the  subject, 
but  it  sheds  little  light  on  the  causes  now  at 
work  to  overthrow  the  whites  and  their  recently 
acquired  possessions. 

Miss  Scidmore,  the  author  of  "  China,  the 
Long-Lived  Empire,"  is  possessed  of  a  bouyant 
Americanism  which  is  not  as  common  as  it 

*  THE  CHINESE  EMPIKE,  PAST  AND  PRESENT.  By  General 
Techeng-Ki-Tong,  John  Henry  Gray,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  and 
Others.  Chicago :  Rand,  McNally  &  Co. 

CHINA,  THE  LONG-LIVED  EMPIRE.  By  Eliza  Ruhamah 
Scidmore.  New  York :  The  Century  Co. 

OVERLAND  TO  CHINA.  By  Archibald  R.  Colqnhoun.  New 
York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

VILLAGE  LIFE  IN  CHINA:  A  Study  in  Sociology.  By 
Arthur  H.  Smith,  D.D.  Chicago:  The  Fleming  H.  Revell 
Company. 


was  once ;  and  a  certain  amused  contempt  for 
foreigners  in  general,  and  yellow-skinned  for- 
eigners in  particular,  runs  through  her  vivid 
pages.  She  gives  a  lively  picture  of  the  life 
led  in  Peking  by  Europeans  connected  with 
diplomacy,  and  from  it  may  be  obtained  con- 
siderable light.  Referring  to  the  legations, 
she  says : 

"All  these  official  European  residences  are  main- 
tained on  a  scale  of  considerable  splendor,  and  the 
sudden  transfers  from  the  noisome  streets  to  the  beau- 
tiful parks  and  garden  compounds,  the  drawing-rooms 
and  ball-rooms,  with  their  brilliant  companies  living  and 
amusing  themselves  exactly  as  in  Europe,  are  among 
the  greatest  contrasts  and  surprises  of  Peking.  The 
picked  diplomats  of  all  Europe  are  sent  to  Peking,  paid 
high  salaries,  and  sustained  by  the  certainty  of  promo- 
tions and  rewards  after  a  useful  term  at  Peking  —  all 
but  the  American  minister.  .  .  .  The  diplomats  in  exile 
lead  a  narrow  busy  life  among  themselves,  occupied 
with  their  social  amusements  and  feuds,  often  well 
satisfied  with  Peking  after  their  first  months  of  disgust, 
resentment,  and  homesickness,  and  even  becoming  sensi- 
tive to  any  criticism  or  disparagement  of  the  place.  .  .  . 

"  For  the  nearly  forty  years  that  the  fine  flowers  of 
European  diplomacy  have  been  transplanted  to  Peking, 
they  have  been  content  to  wallow  along  this  filthy  Lega- 
tion Street,  breathing  its  dust,  sickened  with  its  mud 
stenches,  the  highway  before  their  doors  a  general  sewer 
and  dumping  ground  for  offensive  refuse  of  every  kind. 
.  .  .  '  We  are  here  on  sufferance,  you  know,'  said  the 
meek  and  lowly  diplomats.  'We  must  not  offend 
Chinese  prejudices.'  Moreover,  all  the  legations  would 
not  subscribe  to  an  attempted  improvement  fund,  nor 
all  unite  in  demanding  that  the  Chinese  should  clean, 
light,  pave,  and  drain  Legation  Street  —  that  jealousy 
of  the  great  powers  so  ironically  termed  the  « Concert  of 
Europe '  as  much  to  blame  for  the  sanitary  situation  in 
one  corner  of  Peking  as  for  affairs  in  Crete  and  Ar- 
menia." 

It  is  evident  that  Miss  Scidmore  has  a 
hearty  disgust  for  policies  which  lead  the  Eu- 
ropean ministers  to  humiliate  themselves  for 
the  sake  of  gaining  a  slight  temporary  advan- 
tage for  their  countries  respectively,  through 
their  complaisance.  Here,  Mr.  Colquhoun 
brings  more  positive  information  to  aid  in  an 
understanding  of  the  situation,  which  will  be 
referred  to  presently. 

For  Li  Hung  Chang,  Miss  Scidmore  enter- 
tains a  real  hostility.  It  is  difficult  to  fathom 
Chinese  methods  at  best,  but  no  light  is  given 
by  such  a  statement  as  this : 

« The  Russians  chose  Li  Hung  Chang,  who  had 
served  them  well  before,  and  deserved  a  reward  and  an 
incentive  for  the  future  [to  attend  the  Tsar's  coronation 
ceremonies].  The  Manchu  enemies  of  the  grand  secre- 
tary, who  hated  him  for  the  disasters  attending  the  war 
[with  Japan]  he  had  protested  against  their  inviting, 
hailed  the  idea  of  his  going  abroad.  During  his  ab- 
sence they  expected  to  undermine  him  thoroughly,  never 
dreaming  of  the  honors  and  distinction  to  be  accorded 
the  '  Grand  Old  Man  of  China,'  the  absurdities  of  adu- 


72 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


ation  which  all  Europe  and  America  were  to  heap  upon 
a  deposed  and  discredited  provincial  governor,  a  Chinese 
politician  out  of  a  job.  They  were  dumfounded  and 
chagrined  when  reports  of  Li's  triumphal  progress 
reached  China,  and  the  cry  was  raised  that  the  great 
tourist  was  assuming  honors  due  a  sovereign.  .  .  .  The 
United  States,  not  first  among  Chinophile  countries 
certainly,  and  whose  regularly  accredited  ministers  at 
Peking  have  received  but  the  scantiest  hospitality  and 
very  little  courtesy  from  the  individuals  directing  the 
Chinese  government,  spent  thirty  thousand  dollars  in 
United  States  gold  entertaining  this  passed  politician 
and  ex-office-holder,  and  fairly  outdid  Europe  in  its 
abject  attitude  before  this  great  hypnotizer." 

It  is  perhaps  unfair  to  criticize  the  instruc- 
tion conveyed  in  a  book  which  is  certainly 
intended  to  be  entertaining.  Miss  Scidmore  is 
at  her  best  in  describing  visits  of  ceremony 
to  some  Manchu  ladies  of  the  court  or  to  the 
family  of  a  provincial  magnate  of  the  Chinese 
race.  The  book  is  a  beautiful  one,  and  reada- 
ble in  every  sense. 

Mr.  Colquhoun,  whose  "  China  in   Trans- 
formation "  will  be  recalled  as  a  luminous  book, 
is  an  indefatigable  traveller  and   newspaper 
correspondent,  and  formerly  held  rank  in  the 
administration  of  affairs  in  Burmah  and  Ma- 
slionaland.    He  has  recently  made  the  long  and 
arduous  overland  journey  from  Russia  proper 
through  Siberia  to  Peking,  leaving  the  line  of 
the  new  transcontinental  railway,  and  forming 
estimates  of  Manchuria  and  other  recently  ac- 
quired Russian  possessions  which  overthrow 
established  opinions  and  indicate  how  rapidly 
the  Tsar  has  been  developing  the  deep  and 
extensive  policy  of  his  imperial  predecessors. 
A  most  instructive  account  of  the  vast  sweep  of 
the  Cossack  pioneers  of  empire  through  Asia 
serves  as  an  introduction  to  the  sudden  acqui- 
sition of  Port  Arthur,  which  brings  to  a  fitting 
close  the  Siberian  policy  of  the  Russians  by 
furnishing  them  with  an  unfrozen  port  on  the 
Pacific.      But   Manchuria   and   Liao    Tung, 
though  they  enable  the  rulers  of  Muscovy  to 
consider  one  definite  aim  fully  accomplished, 
have  only  increased  their  appetite  for  more.   As 
Mr.  Colquhoun  says,  with  convincing  logic  : 

"Attainment  of  the  longed-for  prize  has  given  an 
added  impetus  of  irresistible  force  to  the  ambition  and 
enterprise  of  the  Russians.  Sweeping  the  hand  across 
the  map  southward  as  far  as  the  Great  Wall, '  All  that 
is  ours!'  they  exclaim  in  astonishment,  contemplating 
their  extraordinary  windfall ;  and  they  are  hastening  to 
take  full  advantage  of  their  good  fortune,  as  is  evi- 
denced by  the  phenomenal  activity  recently  witnessed 
at  Port  Arthur,  Talienwan,  and  in  the  Hinterland,  where 
many  thousands  of  Cossacks  and  large  bodies  of  Chinese 
are  employed  on  fortifications,  harbors,  and  railways, 
and  by  the  increased  zeal  and  energy  with  which  the 
Construction  of  the  trans-Siberian  railway  is  being  car- 


ried on.  Many  Russians,  indeed,  more  advanced  in 
their  views,  already  include  Tientsin  and  Chefoo  (that 
is  to  say,  the  whole  Gulf  of  Pechihli),  and  even  Peking. 
.  .  .  The  alignment  of  the  railway  has  been  several 
times  shifted  farther  and  farther  to  the  southwest, 
following  the  rapid  succession  of  diplomatic  achieve- 
ments." 

From  the  general  tone  of  the  book  it  is  evi- 
dent that  the  author  holds  Great  Britain  and 
the  United  States  to  have  been  hoodwinked  in 
the  game  of  grab  by  the  zealous  agents  of  the 
Tsar,  —  joining  the  American  cause  with  that 
of  the  British  quite  as  a  matter  of  course.  He 
shows  that  Manchuria,  set  down  as  worthless 
by  the  deluded  British,  is  worth  as  much  as 
Canada  for  purposes  of  development,  and  is 
regarded  as  an  earthly  paradise  by  the  Russians 
from  the  arctic  North.  A  glance  at  the  map 
will  show  what  its  possibilities  are  by  way  of 
advance, —  the  Russians  at  Tsien  Wei,  on  the 
great  highway,  being  less  than  two  hundred 
miles  from  the  Chinese  capital.  The  very 
possession  of  Mukden,  the  ancient  seat  of  the 
Manchu  power,  gives  the  Tsar  a  prestige  in 
the  minds  of  the  Chinese  which  is  dangerous  to 
the  reigning  family  —  though  the  present  de- 
termination of  the  long  oppressed  natives  to 
rule  themselves  has  apparently  overthrown 
every  European  calculation,  Russia's  with  the 
rest. 

Though  recent  events  vitiate  many  of  Mr. 
Colquhoun's  conclusions  respecting  Chinese 
partiality  for  Russia,  even  to  the  point  where 
the  reader  will  suspect  the  author  of  exaggera- 
tion for  the  sake  of  awakening  Great  Britain 
to  a  realization  of  the  facts,  many  of  his  sen- 
tences are  illuminating,  —  as,  for  example, 
these,  taken  from  different  portions  of  the  book : 

"  China  has  now  passed  into  such  a  condition  that 
indifference  is  no  longer  possible  for  her,  neither  will  it 
be  long  possible  for  us.  It  is  preeminently  true  in 
China  that  whoever  is  not  for  Britain  is  against  her, 
and  the  alternative  must  soon  be  faced  by  the  most 
reluctant  of  governments:  shall  they  vindicate  the  inter- 
ests of  the  British  —  and  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  gen- 
erally—  vigorously,  manfully,  and  straightforwardly,  or 
submit  to  their  being  completely  crushed  by  the  powers 
who  are  pressing  forward  their  own  claims  to  the  entire 
exclusion  of  those  of  Britain  ?  " 

"  The  policy  of  Germany  in  the  Far  East  is,  and  must 
be,  dependent  on  the  basis  of  her  world-policy  —  a  good 
understanding  with  Russia  —  and  it  is  idle  for  the  British 
to  expect  Germany,  now  the  neighbor  of  Russia  in  Asia, 
as  in  Europe,  to  depart  from  that  programme.  Her 
policy,  like  that  of  Japan,  is  opportunist,  but,  unlike 
Japan,  she  is  committed  by  force  of  circumstances  to 
Russia." 

"  The  most  cursory  glance  at  any  map,  showing  the 
railway  schemes  and  spheres  of  influence  or  interest,  or 
whatever  they  may  be  called,  of  foreign  powers,  must 


1900.] 


73 


shatter  any  belief  in  a  responsible  or  organic  govern- 
ment iu  China.  The  trail  of  the  foreigner  is  on  the 
land  from  north  to  south.  The  Western  powers  have 
come  to  stay,  and  the  extension  of  the  present  spheres 
is  merely  a  matter  of  time.  Internally,  the  forces  mak- 
ing for  rebellion  on  a  grand  scale  are  daily  gaining 
strength,  and,  once  they  realize  that  no  power  exists  to 
suppress  them,  will  usurp  in  vast  regions  the  office  of 
government." 

It  is  noteworthy  that  the  price  President 
Krueger  said  he  would  make  England  pay  for 
taking  the  Transvaal  is  growing  larger  with 
every  day  of  British  conquest  in  South  Africa, 
Mr.  Colquhoun  himself  admitting  the  loss  of 
prestige  the  British  name  has  suffered  in  the 
Far  East  through  the  war  against  the  burghers. 
The  paltry  gold  of  the  Witwatersrand,  most  of 
it  owned  on  the  Continent  of  Europe  in  any 
event,  seems  to  have  effectually  decoyed  Britain 
away  from  her  real  imperial  interests,  which 
are  certain  to  suffer  in  China  through  the 
entente  between  Russia,  France,  and  Germany. 
Just  as  the  unorganized  opposition  of  the  Fili- 
pino "savages"  keeps  the  American  imperialist 
from  being  anything  more  than  a  politician  at 
this  time,  with  the  certainty  that  the  govern- 
ment is,  like  England's,  powerless  to  protect 
its  great  commerce  with  China,  so  the  imperial 
armies  of  the  Empress  of  India  are  preoccupied 
with  spreading  civilization  among  the  Dutch, 
when  they  might  be  enjoying  the  spoils  of  piracy 
with  those  nations  which  talk  less  about  Chris- 
tianity and  civilization  and  have  a  keener  nose 
for  loot. 

It  is  of  the  individual  Chinaman,  not  of  the 
nation,  that  the  Reverend  Doctor  Arthur  Smith 
treats  in  his  "  Village  Life  in  China,"  and  his 
panoramic  volume  shows  how  human  the  pig- 
tailed  Celestial  is,  all  testimony  of  those  who 
do  not  know  him  so  well  to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding. Doctor  Smith  writes  from  an 
intimate  knowledge,  his  work  being  both  an 
expansion  and  a  supplement  to  his  earlier 
"  Chinese  Characteristics."  He  paints  a  suc- 
cession of  pictures,  showing  a  patient  and  long- 
suffering  folk,  whose  struggle  for  mere  exist- 
ence has  taken  from  them  many  of  the  finer 
qualities  of  humanity  to  leave  them  the  very 
exemplars  of  the  earth  for  the  ability  to  be 
content  upon  nothing.  So  overcrowded  is  the 
country,  so  honored  from  age  to  age  the  equiv- 
alent of  the  scriptural  injunction  to  "  increase 
and  multiply,"  that  no  people  can  surpass  the 
Chinese  for  patience,  for  industry,  and  for 
adaptability  to  hard  conditions.  Dr.  Smith 
says : 

"  Poverty  in  China  is  often  a  synonym  for  the  most 


abject  misery  and  want.  The  entire  possessions  of  great 
numbers  of  the  people  would  not  amount  in  value  to 
five  dollars,  and  thousands  of  persons  never  know  whence 
the  next  meal  is  to  come.  Such  persons  would  in  Eu- 
ropean countries  constitute  what  are  called  « the  dan- 
gerous classes.'  In  China,  unless  their  distress  is  extreme, 
they  do  not  mass  themselves,  and  they  seldom  wage 
war  against  society  as  a  whole." 

"  A  few  small  birds,  and  the  common  hare,  seem  to 
constitute  the  objects  most  frequently  shot,  but  except 
in  the  case  of  the  limited  number  of  those  who  make  a 
business  of  securing  such  game  to  sell  as  a  means  of 
support,  there  are  very  few  persons  who  devote  their 
energies  to  any  form  of  hunting.  Indeed,  the  instinct 
which  is  said  to  lead  the  average  Englishman  to  remark 
« It  is  a  fine  day,  let  us  go  and  kill  something,'  is  totally 
lacking  in  the  Chinese." 

"  To  the  intelligent  foreigner,  the  most  prominent 
fact  in  China  is  the  poverty  of  its  people.  There  are 
too  many  villages  to  the  square  mile,  too  many  families 
to  the  village,  too  many  mouths  to  the  family.  Where- 
ever  one  goes,  it  is  the  same  weary  tale  with  intermina- 
ble reiteration.  Poverty,  poverty,  poverty,  always  and 
evermore  poverty.  The  empire  is  broad,  its  unoccupied 
regions  are  extensive,  and  its  undeveloped  resources 
undoubtedly  vast.  But  in  what  way  can  these  resources 
be  so  developed  as  to  benefit  the  great  mass  of  the 
Chinese  people  ?  By  none  with  which  we  are  acquainted 
or  of  which  we  can  conceive,  without  a  radical  disturb- 
ance of  the  existing  conditions.  The  seething  mass  of 
over-population  must  be  drawn  off  to  the  regions  where 
it  is  needed,  and  then  only  will  there  be  room  for  the 
relief  of  those  who  remain.  .  .  .  War,  famine,  pesti- 
lence sweep  off  millions  of  the  population,  but  a  few 
decades  of  peace  seem  to  repair  the  ravages  of  the  past, 
which  are  lost  to  sight,  like  battlefields  covered  with 
wide  areas  of  waving  grain." 

These  are  a  few  scattered  excerpts  from  a 
book  which  should  be  read  as  a  whole,  one 
which  it  is  hard  to  overpraise.  It  is  apparent 
that  the  Chinese  dislike  foreigners,  but  the 
dislike  seems  to  spring  from  the  active  inter- 
vention of  the  conservative  literary  class  in 
concrete  examples,  rather  than  to  be  based 
upon  anything  more  hostile  than  the  dislike  of 
all  ignorant  folk  for  strangers.  It  is  to  be 
learned  that  there  are  a  million  of  native  Ro- 
man Catholics  distributed  through  twenty-five 
bishoprics  in  China,  with  fifty  thousand  pro- 
testants  of  all  denominations,  the  Catholics 
being  independent  of  European  contributions 
either  in  men  or  money.  Many  other  surprises 
are  contained  in  one  or  another  of  these  books, 
which  are  all  in  a  degree  complementary  of  and 
supplementary  to  one  another. 

Yet,  when  all  have  been  read  and  digested, 
there  will  be  found  something  very  baffling 
beneath  all  the  information  and  speculation, 
bearing  out  to  the  full  Doctor  Smith's  dictum, 
"  It  is  seldom  safe  to  generalize  in  regard  to 

anything  in  China." 

WALLACE  RICE. 


74 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1 


THEOCRACY  AND  DEMOCRACY.* 

Though  the  title  of  Mr.  Howe's  book  on 
"  The  Puritan  Republic  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bay  "  suggests  to  the  reader,  and  was  prob- 
ably suggested  by,  Mr.  Goodwin's  "  Pilgrim 
Republic,"  yet  the  comparison  ends  with  the 
titles.  Mr.  Goodwin  traced  in  a  minute  man- 
ner the  development  of  what  was  indeed,  from 
first  to  last,  the  "Pilgrim  Republic."  Mr. 
Howe  could  not  exhibit  a  parallel  process  in 
Massachusetts  Bay,  for  the  process  there  was 
radically  different  from  that  in  Plymouth.  In- 
deed, he  has  not,  in  the  contents  of  his  book, 
illustrated  his  title.  He  has  re-stated  the  de- 
tails, in  succinct  and  agreeable  form,  of  the 
establishment  of  the  Puritan  Theocracy  in  the 
Bay  Colony.  Of  his  eighteen  chapters,  the 
eleventh  closes  with  his  account  of  the  "  Fall 
of  the  Theocracy."  In  the  succeeding  chap- 
ters he  traces  the  development,  out  of  the  the- 
ocratic system  first  established,  of  the  principles 
and  practice  of  local  representative  government ; 
and  next  the  growth  of  the  idea  of  federation,  as 
exemplified  in  the  association  of  the  United 
Colonies  of  New  England.  It  is  made  plain  in 
his  pages  that  the  sturdy  independence  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay  colonists,  which  was  so  great 
a  factor  in  the  American  Revolution,  grew  up 
on  the  ruins  and  after  the  fall  of  the  theocracy. 
It  was  in  spite  of  Puritanism,  and  in  opposi- 
tion to  its  spirit  and  tendencies  in  government, 
that  a  popular  representative  system  was  devel- 
oped. The  commonwealth  utilized  many  of 
the  liberal  ideas  which  had  distinguished  the 
government  of  the  Pilgrims  ;  but  the  influences 
thus  contributed  by  the  Pilgrim  Republic  to 
the  commonwealth  into  which  it  was  merged 
are  not  here  given  the  prominence  they  deserve. 
The  republic  in  the  Bay  Colony,  though  pro- 
moted by  many  persons  of  Puritan  antecedents 
and  sympathies,  was  not  a  Puritan  movement ; 
and  the  title  of  Mr.  Howe's  book  is  misleading. 

This  contribution  to  Massachusetts  history 
is  written  in  protest  against  the  strictures  of 
the  Brooks  Adams  school  concerning  the  theo- 
crats,  and  with  a  desire  to  treat  them  fairly, 
and  to  place  honorably  to  their  credit  their 
sturdiness,  energy,  and  honesty.  Mr.  Howe 
emulates  the  calmness  and  impartiality  of  Pal- 
frey, and  seeks  to  recall  criticism  from  the 
extreme  views  championed  by  our  contempo- 
rary Adamses.  He  has  not  veiled  the  excesses 

*  THE  PURITAN  REPUBLIC  OF  THE  MASSACHUSETTS  BAT 
IN  NEW  ENGLAND.  By  Daniel  Wait  Howe.  Indianapolis : 
The  Bowen-Merrill  Company. 


or  absurdities  of  the  theocratic  government, 
nor  sought  to  palliate  or  excuse  them.  His 
summary  statement,  in  the  compass  of  a  few 
chapters,  of  the  characteristics,  habits,  mode 
of  life,  aims  and  plans  of  government  of  the 
Puritans  of  the  Bay  Colony  presents  the  whole 
subject,  in  its  various  aspects,  in  convenient 
and  succinct  form.  It  is  an  admirable  con- 
densation of  the  historical  matter  to  which  so 
many  compendious  volumes  have  been  devoted. 
Extenuating  nothing,  and  setting  down  nothing 
in  either  malice  or  prejudice,  Mr.  Howe  dem- 
onstrates that  there  were  merits  even  in  this 
system,  which  has  become  so  far  outgrown  that 
no  one  now  has  any  sympathy  for  it.  The  facts 
he  has  summarized,  in  his  concluding  chap- 
ters, tracing  the  "  Genesis  of  a  still  greater  Re- 
public," show  clearly  how  the  vigorous  and 
trenchant  democracy  of  Massachusetts  became 
the  prototype  and  the  inspirer  of  a  democratic 
spirit  of  continental  operation,  and  illustrate 
the  extent  of  our  national  indebtedness  to  the 
rejected  theocracy. 

The  position  of  the  Theocrats  respecting  re- 
ligious toleration  is  here  stated  with  a  dignified 
calmness.  They  did  not  pretend  that  heresy 
should  be  tolerated,  even  in  themselves.  They 
maintained  their  own  immunity  from  hostile  ac- 
tion by  the  English  government,  "  not  because 
it  had  no  right  to  punish  men  for  advocating 
heretical  views,  but  because  their  views  were 
not  heretical ";  and  they  asserted  the  right  to 
punish,  as  they  did,  those  who  held  certain 
views,  "because,  as  they  believed,  such  views 
were  heretical,  and  dangerous  to  church  and 
state  "  (p.  256).  So  the  Puritans  are  acquitted 
of  the  common  accusation  of  insincerity. 
"  Whatever  else  they  were,"  says  Mr.  Howe, 
"  they  were  not  hypocrites.  They  did  not  de- 
vour widows'  houses  and  for  a  pretense  make 
long  prayers  "  (p.  256).  They  possessed  a 
share  of  the  intense  intolerance  of  their  age, 
"  and  of  whatever  there  was  heroic  in  it,  the 
Puritans  presented  the  highest  types "  (p. 
258).  So  the  author  strives  to  retouch  the 
gloomy  portraits  of  the  Puritan  ministers 
which  have  been  "  painted  by  Oliver  and 
Brooks  Adams,"  and  to  remove  the  impression 
"  evidently  sought  to  be  conveyed  by  Mr. 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  that  the  Puritans 
themselves  were  hypocritical,  or  at  least  incon- 
sistent "  (p.  255). 

But  with  all  his  generosity  of  feeling  for 
the  accused  colonists  of  the  Bay,  Mr.  Howe 
turns  sharply  against  them  when  he  comes 
to  consider  their  politics.  In  two  chapters  he 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL, 


75 


traces  chronologically  the  resistance  of  the 
Puritans  of  the  Theocracy  and  of  the  statesmen 
of  the  Commonwealth  to  the  attempted  aggres- 
sions of  the  British  Parliament,  under  the  title 
of  "  The  Struggle  for  Independence."  This 
resistance,  from  as  early  as  1646  at  least,  down 
to  1776,  Mr.  Howe  stigmatizes  as  aiming  really 
at  independence,  while  covered  with  a  thin 
veneer  of  pretended  allegiance  to  the  crown. 
In  his  view,  the  constant  assertions  by  the  col- 
onists of  such  allegiance  were  as  thoroughly 
devoid  of  sincerity  as  were  their  religious  as- 
sertions in  the  view  of  the  Adamses.  To  ex- 
ploit this  view,  that  the  Bay  colonists  were  in 
fact  struggling  for  independence  for  a  hundred 
and  thirty  years,  seems  to  be  one  object  of  Mr. 
Howe's  book.  "It  is  certain,"  he  says,  "that 
long  before  the  end  of  the  commonwealth  " 
they  entertained  this  idea.  They  admitted 
only  "  some  shadowy  sort  of  allegiance  to  En- 
gland," and  they  "  did  try  to  demonstrate  how 
they  could  be  independent  and  at  the  same 
time  owe  allegiance  to  England,  but  the  ex- 
periment was  a  failure  "  (p.  319).  After  the 
accession  of  Charles  II.,  their  struggle  is  "  seen 
more  and  more  clearly  "  to  be  one  for  inde- 
pendence. The  answers  of  the  colonial  gov- 
ernment in  1681  to  the  complaints  of  the  king 
"were  probably  the  best  that  could  be  de- 
vised," but  Mr.  Howe  is  not  surprised  that 
they  "  were  far  from  being  satisfactory  "  to  the 
king.  So  he  industriously  convicts  the  colon- 
ists of  a  studied  hypocrisy  in  politics,  only 
equal  in  degree  to  that  in  religion  of  which 
Mr.  Adams  convicts  them,  but  of  which  we 
have  seen  Mr.  Howe  acquit  them.  The  fre- 
quent assertion  of  the  Massachusetts  leaders 
in  the  Revolution,  that  they,  in  common  with 
all  the  other  colonists,  aimed  in  the  beginning, 
not  at  independence,  but  only  at  the  preserva- 
tion of  their  rights  under  the  British  constitu- 
tion, was  indeed  hypocrisy  most  offensive,  if 
Mr.  Howe's  views  are  correct. 

It  is  plain  that  he  has  wholly  failed  to  ap- 
prehend the  position  of  the  colonies,  Massa- 
chusetts included,  before  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  as  to  their  constitutional  rela- 
tions to  the  crown  of  Great  Britain.  This 
appears  from  his  assertion  that  the  Bay  colo- 
nists "  by  their  acceptance  of  the  charter  had 
recognized  the  authority  of  England  to  levy 
and  collect  taxes,  one  of  the  highest  attributes 
of  sovereignty  "  (p.  355).  The  arguments  of 
John  Adams  and  Thomas  Jefferson  as  to  the 
position  of  the  colonists  as  separate  parts  of 
the  British  empire,  and  their  several  allegiance 


to  the  crown,  which  were  based  in  part  on  the 
same  historical  precedents  as  those  cited  by  the 
Bay  colonists  in  1646,  would  have  no  effect 
upon  our  author,  for  they  were  only  "  verbi- 
age "  when  used  by  these  Puritans.  In  all 
this,  he  seems  to  have  taken  his  cue  from  Mr. 
Brooks  Adams,  who,  in  his  "  Emancipation 
of  Massachusetts,"  demurs  to  the  legal  views 
of  Mr.  John  Adams,  expressed  in  1776,  as 
to  the  "nullity  of  the  acts  of  Parliament" 
against  which  he  and  his  compatriots  had  so 
earnestly  protested  (p.  302),  and  who  thinks 
the  colonial  clergy  of  1646,  in  their  statement 
of  the  colonial  relations  toward  England, 
wished  "  to  enjoy  tHe  privileges  and  safe- 
guards of  British  subjects  without  yielding 
obedience  to  British  law  "  (p.  90).  But  even 
Mr.  Brooks  Adams,  while  he  doubted  the 
soundness  of  the  legal  views  of  his  great  an- 
cestor, did  not  go  on  to  criticize  him  as  a  hyp- 
ocrite in  pretending  that  independence  was  a 
second  thought,  but  says,  in  the  same  thesis, 
that  not  only  Washington  but  Jefferson  and 
Adams  were  at  first  opposed  to  the  idea  of  sep- 
aration from  Great  Britain  (p.  347). 

The  new  historical  theories  of  the  modern 
Adamses  are  hardly  a  safe  guide  for  historians. 
Mr.  John  Adams,  in  his  arguments  in  support 
of  the  constitutional  position  so  carefully  as- 
sumed by  the  American  colonies  under  his 
guidance,  successfully  refuted  the  Parliament- 
ary assumptions  by  precedents  from  British 
historical  and  juridical  sources,  proved  by 
those  precedents  the  right  of  each  colony  to 
have  its  internal  affairs,  including  taxation, 
regulated  by  its  own  legislative  assembly,  and 
demonstrated  the  superior  acquaintance  of 
American  lawyers  with  the  British  constitution. 
The  pages  of  Mr.  Howe's  "  Puritan  Republic  " 
abound  with  statements  and  arguments  and 
protests  made  by  the  colonists  of  whom  he 
writes,  which  evidence  their  ability,  early  and 
late,  as  constitutional  statesmen.  He  might 
well  have  selected  this  feature  of  their  history 
— namely,  their  struggle  for  their  constitutional 
rights  —  as  illustrated  in  the  citations  he  has 
made  from  their  deliverances,  to  be  his  special 
thesis.  JAMES  OSCAR  PIERCE, 


ALONG-FORGOTTEN  little  book  by  William  Penn  enti- 
tled "  Some  Fruits  of  Solitude,"  first  published  in  1693, 
has  been  reprinted  by  Messrs.  Truslove,  Hanson  &  Comba 
in  dainty  form,  under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  Edmund 
Gosse.  The  "  Fruits  "  are  in  the  form  of  detached  re- 
flections and  maxims  on  the  conduct  of  life,  written 
somewhat  in  the  manner  of  "  Poor  Richard  "  and  quite 
deserving  of  a  place  on  the  shelf  beside  that  worthy. 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


THE  SCOPE  or  RELIGIOUS  DISCUSSION.* 


The  seventeen  volumes  in  our  present  group  of 
recent  religious  discussions  are  pretty  evenly  divided 
between  discussions  in  which  the  historical  or  the 
theoretical  or  the  practical  element  respectively  pre- 
dominates. We  shall  notice  them  in  this  general 
order.  There  cannot  readily  be  a  more  wholesome 
relation  than  that  in  which  the  theoretical  is  snugly 
laid  away  between  the  historical  and  the  practical. 

"  The  Social  Meaning  of  Modern  Religious  Move- 
ments in  England"  is  an  admirable  book.  The 
purpose  is  comprehensive  and  historic,  and  is  pur- 
sued with  liberality  of  feeling  and  with  insight. 
The  author  conceives  clearly  the  immense  import- 
ance of  the  social  and  religious  changes  that  have 
taken  place  in  England  in  the  present  century  and 
the  last  portion  of  the  previous  one.  He  also  ap- 
prehends the  great  variety  of  conflicting  causes  that 
have  promoted  them.  Free  of  dogmatism,  he  finds 
his  way  among  these  great  events  as  an  Alpine  road 
threads  ravines  and  passes  right  and  left  lofty  sum- 
mits. The  style  is  sometimes  negligent,  but  this  is 
of  minor  moment. 

"  A  Critical  History  of  the  Evolution  of  Trinita- 
rianism"  will  interest  all  to  whom  the  subject  seems 
inviting.  It  is  a  scholarly  and  critical  tracing  of 
the  changes  which  that  central  dogma  of  orthodox 
theology,  the  Trinity,  has  undergone;  and  of  the  pas- 

*THE  SOCIAL  MEANING  OF  MODERN  RELIGIOUS  MOVE- 
MENTS IN  ENGLAND.  By  Thomas  C.  Hall,  D.D.  New  York: 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

A  CRITICAL  HISTORY  OF  THE  EVOLUTION  OF  TRINITA- 
RIANISM.  By  Levi  Leonard  Paine.  Boston:  Houghton, 
Mifflin  &  Co. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  BOOK  OF  COMMON  PRAYER.  By  the 
Rev.  Leighton  Pullan.  New  York :  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 

THE  STATE  AND  THE  CHURCH.  By  William  Pratt.  New 
York :  Thomas  Whittaker. 

FAITH  AND  SIGHT.  By  William  Pieraon  Merrill.  New 
York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

ETHICS  AND  RELIGION.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Com- 
pany. 

THEISM,  in  the  Light  of  Present  Science  and  Philosophy. 
By  James  Iverach,  M.A.,  D.D.  New  York :  The  Macmillan 
Company. 

THE  SPIRITUAL  LIFE.  By  George  A.  Coe,  Ph.D.  New 
York :  Eaton  &  Mains. 

BACK  TO  CHRIST.  By  Walter  Spence.  Chicago:  A.  C. 
McClurg  &  Co. 

How  MUCH  is  LEFT  OF  THE  OLD  DOCTRINES  ?  By  Wash- 
ington Gladden.  Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

THE  PERSONALITY  OF  TRUTH.  By  the  Rt.  Rev.  Thomas 
Augustus  Jagger,  D.D.  New  York :  Thomas  Whittaker. 

PERSONAL  RELIGIOUS  LIFE  in  the  Ministry  and  in  Minis- 
tering Women.  By  F.  D.  Huntington,  S.S.D.,  LL.D.,  L.H.D. 
New  York :  Thomas  Whittaker. 

THE  CONCEPTION  OF  IMMORTALITY.  By  Josiah  Royce. 
Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

MAN  AND  HIS  DIVINE  FATHER.  By  John  C.  C.  Clarke, 
D.D.  Chicago :  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 

AN  ESSAY  TOWARD  FAITH.  By  Wilford  L.  Robbins,  D.D. 
New  York :  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 

CHRIST  CAME  AGAIN.  By  William  S.  Urmy,  D.D.  New 
York :  Eaton  &  Mains. 

THE  CROWN  OF  CHRIST.  By  R.  E.  Button.  New  York  : 
The  Macmillan  Co. 


sage  of  belief  into  what  is  known  as  the  New  Theol- 
ogy. A  remarkable  chapter  in  religious  speculation 
is  discussed  with  ability  and  in  a  liberal  spirit. 

The  Rev.  Leighton  Pullan  has  given  us  a  minute 
historical  sketch  of  the  growth  of  the  Book  of  Com- 
mon Prayer,  and  of  its  relation  to  other  similar 
compilations.  The  work  is  made  up  of  a  series  of 
relatively  trifling  facts  with  no  commanding  views  ; 
and  an  intense  interest  in  the  subject  itself  is  re- 
quired to  make  it  readable. 

"The  State  and  the  Church"  is  historical  and 
critical.  It  is  popular  in  form,  and  is  exceedingly 
discursive.  It  lacks  that  systematic,  thorough,  and 
independent  line  of  thought  which  would  make  it 
valuable  to  the  scholar.  The  book  is  strongly 
American  in  its  temper. 

"  Faith  and  Sight  "  is  a  clear,  able,  and  candid 
production.  Its  main  purpose  is  to  give  agnosti- 
cism standing  in  the  religious  court,  and  to  put  it 
on  terms  of  giving  and  receiving  with  definite  forms 
of  faith.  The  chief  criticism  we  are  disposed  to 
pass  upon  it  is,  that  the  author,  in  common  with  so 
many,  seems  inclined  to  separate  science  and  faith 
widely  from  each  other,  assigning  the  one  a  force 
more  absolute,  and  the  other  a  form  less  verifiable, 
than  belong  to  them  respectively.  Knowledge  is 
one,  from  side  to  side.  The  same  elements  enter 
into  it  everywhere.  What  we  know,  we  know  under 
the  same  general  conditions  and  by  virtue  of  the 
same  powers.  We  might  as  well  think  of  the  at- 
mosphere as  without  moisture,  and  of  the  ocean  as 
without  air,  as  to  think  of  science  as  without  the 
fallibility  of  human  conceptions,  or  of  religion  as 
without  the  basis  of  valid  experiences. 

The  essays  that  make  up  the  volume  called 
"Ethics  and  Religion"  were  written  early  in  the 
opening  of  the  Ethical  Movement,  and  "  then  gave 
character  and  direction  "  to  it.  They  are  the  pro- 
duction of  leaders  in  that  movement,  and  are  of 
deep  interest.  There  is  no  spirit  current  among 
men  more  pure,  discriminating,  and  gentle  than 
the  distinctively  ethical  spirit ;  and  none  with  which 
our  social  and  religious  life  can  be  more  advan- 
tageously infused.  These  essays  are  fitted  to  test 
and  to  stimulate  the  spiritual  tone  of  every  thought- 
ful man. 

The  volume  entitled  "Theism  in  the  Light  of 
Present  Science  and  Philosophy  "  is  a  series  of  lect- 
ures given  as  the  first  course  on  the  foundation  of 
the  Charles  F.  Deems  Lectureship.  As  the  title 
implies,  the  lectures  are  primarily  philosophical. 
They  do  not  seem  to  us  to  be  as  interesting  or  as 
profitable  as  the  extended  knowledge  and  marked 
resources  of  the  author  should  have  made  them. 
While  a  general  line  of  thought  is  indicated  in 
them,  they  unfold  too  much  as  an  endless  series  of 
observations.  We  are  not  held  close  to  a  well  de- 
fined purpose.  It  is  hard  to  tell  where  we  are,  or 
whither  we  are  going.  Decision  in  announcing 
one's  object,  and  tenacity  in  pursuing  it,  are  espe- 
cially needful  in  a  region  of  thought  which  suffers 
so  much  from  a  vague  and  changeable  outlook. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


77 


Dr.  Coe's  work  on  "  The  Spiritual  Life  "  calls  for 
a  favorable  notice.  It  is  a  wise  and  patient  effort 
to  inquire  into  the  physical  conditions,  especially 
those  of  temperament,  which  affect  our  spiritual 
life  and  oftentimes  give  color  to  it.  While  assign- 
ing due  importance  to  these  facts,  the  author  does 
not  use  them  as  a  means  of  subverting  the  spiritual 
phenomena  under  consideration.  We  shall  be  better 
able  to  handle  our  own  lives  and  the  lives  of  others 
by  virtue  of  this  discussion. 

"  Back  to  Christ "  is  a  book  which  springs  from 
a  strong  sense  of  the  confusion  and  failure  that 
have  accompanied  theological  speculations.  The 
tone  and  purpose  elicit  our  sympathy ;  but  the  au- 
thor pushes  his  remedy  too  far.  We  are  not  to  be 
led  back  to  Christ  simply  as  an  authority.  A  better 
phrase  is  "  Forward  with  Christ."  Each  man  must 
be  an  authority  to  himself,  no  matter  by  whom  he 
is  led  and  taught.  The  autocracy  of  the  spirit  is 
the  leading  fact  of  the  spirit,  and  the  pivotal  point 
on  which  debate  is  revolving.  Christ  leads  us  into 
truth. 

The  books  of  Dr.  Washington  Gladden  belong  to 
a  class  one  is  glad  to  recommend.  They  are  liberal, 
practical,  and  stimulating.  The  style  is  agreeable 
and  the  matter  is  instructive.  Dr.  Gladden  is  a 
favorable  example  of  the  efficiency  of  the  new  the- 
ology in  every  good  word  and  work.  The  present 
volume,  "  How  Much  is  Left  of  the  Old  Doctrines  ?  " 
is  a  detached  discussion  of  a  variety  of  current  re- 
ligious themes,  such  as  "  What  is  the  Supernatural  ?  " 
«  What  is  the  Bible?  "  "  Is  there  a  Personal  Devil?  " 
It  is  characterized  by  sound  sense. 

"  The  Personality  of  Truth  "  is  brief  and  bright, 
and  sound  in  its  main  contention.  The  assertion  of 
the  personality  of  man  as  the  indissoluble  unit  in 
all  analytic  processes,  is  the  impregnable  citadel  of 
spiritual  truth.  However  the  battle  may  go  here 
and  there  in  the  open  field,  man  has  only  to  retire 
into  himself  and  be  safe.  Truths,  like  words,  lie 
between  persons.  Truth  involves  the  giving  and 
receiving  mind,  as  much  as  does  the  tennis  ball  the 
two  rackets. 

Bishop  Huntington's  volume  on  "  Personal  Reli- 
gious Life  in  the  Ministry  "  is  made  up  of  six  dis- 
courses on  such  themes  as  "  Singleness  of  Heart," 
"  Self -Sacrifice,"  "  Thorough  Service."  In  reading 
it,  we  are  rid  for  the  moment  of  all  controversy. 
We  are  taken  into  the  confidence  of  a  single  and 
pure  heart,  holding  tenaciously  by  its  own  renovat- 
ing divine  service. 

"  The  Conception  of  Immortality,"  by  Dr.  Josiah 
Royce,  is  a  discussion  of  much  ingenuity,  of  decisive 
literary  merit,  and,  due  allowance  being  made  for 
the  remoteness  of  the  thought,  one  clearly  rendered. 
It  is  a  good  running-mate  with  the  discourse  on  the 
some  theme  recently  given  on  the  same  foundation 
by  Professor  James.  That  discussion  suggested  a 
possible  reconciliation  of  immortality  with  physical 
forces :  this  discussion  considers  its  possible  har- 
mony with  the  relations  of  the  spiritual  world  under 
an  idealistic  philosophy.  One  already  well-grounded 


in  the  belief  in  immortality,  and  with  a  relish  for 
astute  thought,  might  read  both  works  without  any 
serious  loss  of  faith.  The  doctrine  of  immortality, 
like  an  ocean  current,  is  far-reaching  though  not 
conspicuous  in  its  forces.  The  practical  mariner 
will  be  profoundly  aware  of  it ;  the  mere  voyager 
may  pass  into  it  and  out  of  it  with  little  observation, 
and  find  difficulty  in  determining  its  whereabouts. 

"  Man  and  his  Divine  Father  "  is  a  very  discur- 
sive treatise.  The  subject  is  comprehensive,  and  it 
loses  nothing  in  vagueness  by  the  treatment.  The 
volume  ranges  from  a  consideration  of  the  nature 
of  man  and  of  God  to  the  philosophy  of  Philo,  the 
state  of  Syria,  and  the  Apocalypse.  The  work  evinces 
profound  self-confidence,  and  is  marked  by  rash  and 
unguarded  assertions.  The  author  seems  to  think 
that  if  he  but  walks  across  the  world,  a  conspicuous 
path  will  be  left  behind  him  which  all  men  will  do 
well  to  follow.  The  true  things  that  are  said  are 
thus  lost  in  the  general  confusion  and  irrelevancy  of 
the  method. 

"  An  Essay  toward  Faith  "  is  a  book  of  devotion 
fitted  to  deepen  our  thoughts  of  life  without  render- 
ing them  morbid.  It  combines,  with  more  success 
than  is  usual,  the  comprehensiveness  of  human 
feeling  with  its  spiritual  quality. 

The  last  two  volumes  on  our  list,  while  wholly 
unlike  in  contents,  fall  together  in  one  respect.  In 
both,  Biblical  thoughts  and  Biblical  events  are  used 
in  so  rigid  and  narrow  a  way  as  largely  to  separate 
spiritual  life  from  the  normal  history  of  the  world, 
and  to  put  it  under  a  comparatively  barren  disci- 
pline of  its  own.  "  Christ  Came  Again  "  is  a  pains- 
taking book.  It  presents  very  fully  the  words  of 
Christ,  and  the  anticipation  of  his  disciples  in  con- 
nection with  his  second  coming.  This  expectation 
was  deep-seated  and  general.  The  author  is  by  no 
means  as  successful  in  showing  that  the  destruction 
of  Jerusalem,  or  any  events  in  connection  with  it, 
were  the  fulfilment  of  this  anticipation.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  they  were  not  so  regarded.  The 
conviction  lived  on  in  spite  of  them,  and  has 
wrought  mischief  to  our  own  time.  Aside  from  a 
theoretical  necessity  of  meeting  the  prophetic  lan- 
guage with  some  corresponding  event,  few  if  any 
would  have  thought  of  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem 
as  standing  for  the  coming  of  Christ.  The  author 
struggles  with  the  fact  that  the  minds  of  men  have 
not  seen  or  accepted  the  agreement  between  the 
expectation  and  its  fulfilment.  This  lack  of  corre- 
spondence remains  a  serious  obstacle  to  the  theory 
of  the  absolute  and  accurate  inspiration  of  the  New 
Testament.  No  ingenuity  can  evade  the  fact  that 
the  feelings  called  out  and  the  events  that  followed 
after  them  have  not  corresponded  with  each  other. 

"  The  Crown  of  Christ "  is  a  series  of  Scripture 
readings,  and  of  reflections  meant  to  accompany 
the  sacred  seasons  of  the  Church  in  the  circuit  of 
its  Liturgical  Year.  They  are  well  of  their  kind, — 
but,  alas,  what  a  kind  !  One  is  strongly  and  pain- 
fully impressed  in  this  volume,  and  in  the  preceding 
one,  with  the  immense  burden  of  dogma  and  lit- 


78 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


urgy  which  oppresses  the  Christian  Church.  Many 
nuts  germinate  slowly,  or  not  at  all,  because  of  the 
thickness  of  the  shell.  Spiritual  life  is  enveloped 
by  a  tenacious  religiosity  which  separates  it  from 
the  vitalizing  power  of  the  present.  We  have  a 
liturgical  year,  and  not  God's  year  of  fresh  experi- 
ences—  a  world  on  the  march.  Many,  like  a  timid 
woodsman,  are  trying  to  find  their  way  by  studying 
half-effaced,  conflicting,  and  overgrown  marks 
blazed  on  the  trees ;  they  fail  to  comprehend  the 
cardinal  points  of  the  compass,  the  lay  of  the  land, 
and  the  world  that  envelopes  them.  When  will 
men  believe  that  God's  immediate  word  is  as  good 
as  any  word  he  has  ever  spoken,  and,  more  than 
any,  pertinent  to  our  wants !  These  two  books  dis- 
close the  ease  with  which  believers  make  a  religion, 
infinitely  more  narrow  than  our  present  living  faith, 
out  of  the  mere  shreds  and  waste  experiences  of 
previous  generations.  JOHN  BASCOM. 


BKIBFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

Professor  Crawshaw,  in  his  "  Liter- 
«7  Interpretation  of  Life"  (Mac- 
millan),  shows  that  literature,  as  a 
natural  outgrowth  of  life,  also  reveals  life.  This 
revelation  concerns  the  personality  of  the  author, 
the  age  in  which  he  lives,  his  race,  and  his  nation- 
ality in  distinction  from  his  race.  It  is  also  the 
reflector  of  the  broad  traits  of  humanity.  The  influ- 
ence of  Taine  is  tolerably  evident  in  the  division  of 
the  subject-matter,  and  it  must  be  said,  as  the  au- 
thor anticipates  in  his  prefatory  note,  that  in  the 
outlines  of  his  course  there  is  much  that  is  reminis- 
cent of  the  beaten  track.  Yet  there  are  numerous 
passages  of  vivid  suggestion,  as,  "  When  most  sin- 
cere [literature]  is  less  a  desire  to  be  heard  than  a 
desire  to  speak  ";  and,  "  If  the  absolute  truth  of  life 
could  ever  be  presented,  then  any  particular  phase 
might  be  treated  once  and  for  all.  It  is  because 
we  can  at  best  have  only  approximations  to  the 
truth  that  all  artistic  representations  of  life,  even 
though  they  should  cover  essentially  the  same 
ground,  have  importance  and  value."  The  author 
uses  as  tools,  to  dig  out  the  details  of  his  amplifi- 
cation, a  few  favorite  topics.  He  recommends, 
again  and  again,  the  chronological  order  of  literary 
study,  based  on  individual  works  and  the  complete 
works  of  individual  writers.  This  completeness  is 
to  be  extended  to  epochs,  and  to  the  synchronous 
production  of  several  races,  suggesting  the  need  of 
more  than  one  lifetime  for  the  student.  Contem- 
porary history  is  to  be  carefully  studied  as  well,  in 
order  to  reach  the  full  revelation  of  literature,  which 
includes  both  the  external  aspects  of  man,  like  his 
manners,  and  also  his  inward  life  or  character. 
The  revelation  may  be  direct  or  indirect,  conscious 
or  unconscious,  "  objective  or  subjective," —  the  last 
set  of  terms  being  somewhat  out  of  favor,  one  may 
remark,  since  Carlyle's  satirical  description  of  Cole- 


ridge's monologue,  in  which  these  Kantian  terms 
were  mumbled.  Browning,  whose  name  appears 
again  and  again,  is  accepted  as  "  the  sufficient  rep- 
resentation of  that  power  of  genius  which  has  filled 
the  world's  literature  with  immortal  creations  of 
men  and  women  who  are  at  once  living  individuals 
and  impressive  types  of  the  qualities  and  charac- 
teristics of  humanity."  Yet  the  author's  view  in- 
cludes reference  to  names  covering  the  whole  field 
of  English  literature,  and  he  makes  illuminating 
mention  of  one  or  two  American  writers.  Some  of 
his  quotations,  like  those  from  Matthew  Arnold, 
show  how  very  possible  it  is  for  good  people  to 
differ  as  to  the  value  of  poetical  passages.  A  num- 
ber of  topics  are  touched  in  a  manner  to  open  dis- 
cussion and  stimulate  thought.  Indeed,  the  chief 
originality  of  the  book,  it  would  seem,  lies  in  these 
incidental  remarks.  It  is  here  that  the  author  him- 
self appears.  He  is  a  stanch  defender  of  literature 
as  one  of  the  arts,  holding  it  to  be  the  most  natural 
and  adequate  means  of  human  expression,  perfect 
and  universal.  And  his  book  will  serve  both  the 
general  reader  and  the  teacher  of  literature  by 
showing  in  how  many  different  ways  the  study  of 
literature  may  be  profitably  pursued. 

Christian  To    those  who   know   Dr.  Thomas 

philosophy  and  Chalmers  simply  as  a  great  preacher, 
civic  needs.  an(j  ag  the  iea(jer  of  that  dramatic 

secession  from  the  Established  Church  which  be- 
came the  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  his  volume  on 
"The  Christian  and  Civic  Economy  of  Large 
Towns  "  (Scribner)  will  be  something  of  a  surprise, 
revealing  him  as  a  vigorous  writer  on  some  of  the 
most  important  economic  and  sociological  questions 
of  the  present  day,  such  as  wages,  trades-unions, 
pauperism,  savings-banks,  mechanic  schools,  etc. 
His  treatment  of  these  subjects  is  always  from  a 
practical  and  Christian  standpoint,  with  the  earnest 
intention  of  improving  the  condition  of  the  working 
classes.  He  is  not  an  original  authority  in  economic 
theory ;  but  he  is  an  independent  thinker  and  a 
powerful  writer.  His  theories  go  hand  in  hand 
with  earnest  practical  work  in  the  slums  of  Edin- 
burgh ;  and  in  the  book  can  be  felt  the  heart-throbs 
of  a  man  who  is  in  personal  contact  with  the  men 
and  women  to  whose  sufferings  and  struggles  he  is 
attempting  to  apply  the  relief  of  Christian  philos- 
ophy. The  social  settlement  and  institutional 
church  of  our  day  find  their  antetype  in  Dr.  Chal- 
mers's later  work,  which  called  forth  the  admira- 
tion of  Carlyle :  "  What  a  wonderful  old  man 
Chalmers  is !  When  so  many  of  us  are  wringing 
our  hands  in  hopeless  despair  over  the  vileness  and 
wretchedness  of  the  large  towns,  there  goes  the  old 
man,  shovel  in  hand,  down  into  the  dirtiest  puddles 
of  the  West  Port  of  Edinburgh,  cleans  them  out, 
and  fills  the  sewers  with  living  waters.  It  is  a 
beautiful  sight."  The  work  of  Dr.  C.  R.  Hender- 
son, in  abridging  Dr.  Chalmers's  treatise,  is  admir- 
ably done.  In  a  volume  of  350  pages,  he  has 
condensed  the  three  bulky  volumes  of  the  original 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


79 


text,  reproducing  its  exact  words,  but  omitting  repe- 
titions and  matters  of  local  or  temporary  interest. 
Connecting  the  portions  of  the  original  work  thus 
transcribed,  are  "  bracketed  additions  designed  to 
indicate  the  transitional  thoughts  or  to  explain  some 
point  which  might  otherwise  be  left  in  obscurity." 
Dr.  Henderson  has  also  prefixed  a  valuable  Intro- 
duction, in  which  Dr.  Chalmers's  doctrines  are 
carefully  examined  and  his  contributions  to  mod- 
ern thought  considered. 

Hotel  de  Not  infrequently  the  mention  of  the 

Rambouillet  Hotel  de  Rambouillet  calls  at  once 

and  the  Precieuses.  to  the  min(j  of  the  general  reader  of 

French  literature  scenes  in  Les  Precieuses  Ridi- 
cules, and  he  thinks  of  the  first  French  salon  only 
as  the  hot-bed  of  absurd  affectations  of  speech, 
dress,  and  manners,  which  were  epidemic  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  The  world  has  joined  so 
heartily  with  Moliere  in  the  laugh  at  the  expense 
of  these  faddists,  who  were  only  imitators  of  imi- 
tators, that  it  has  often  failed  to  appreciate  the 
originators,  the  coterie  which  the  Marquise  de  Ram- 
bouillet gathered  about  her  for  twoscore  years. 
The  influence  of  this  brilliant  marquise  was  excep- 
tional, even  in  France,  where  women  as  society 
leaders  have  done  so  much.  A  misjudgment  of  the 
Hotel  de  Rambouillet  means  a  misunderstanding  of 
some  of  the  most  important  and  characteristic  fea- 
tures of  France  of  the  seventeenth  century, —  in- 
deed, of  France  of  all  times;  for  what  is  more 
peculiarly  French  than  its  social  genius?  It  is 
worth  while  for  us  Anglo-Saxons,  who  many  times 
are  keen  for  the  vices  and  blind  to  the  virtues  of 
the  French,  to  get  a  true  conception  of  this  salon, 
which,  if  it  did  contain  the  genius  of  affectation, 
threw  its  weight  so  unmistakably  on  the  side  of 
purity  and  refinement.  It  is  interesting  also  to 
study  the  achievement  of  a  woman  who  saw  better 
things  for  her  associates  than  formality  and  attend- 
ance on  lectures  and  classes.  A  small  library  has 
already  been  written  on  the  subject ;  and  the  dif- 
ficult task  which  Mr.  Leon  H.  Vincent  has  per- 
formed in  "Hotel  de  Rambouillet  and  the  Pre*- 
cieuses  "  (Houghton)  is  to  condense  the  chief  facts 
within  about  a  hundred  pages.  He  promises  only 
a  resume,  but  the  bare  bones  show  through  but  sel- 
dom. He  has  given  an  interesting  as  well  as  help- 
ful and  suggestive  narrative,  which  entices  the 
reader  into  the  wider  fields  opened  by  a  valuable 
bibliography  of  the  subject,  appended  to  the  book. 

Persistent  features  ^n  l"8  brief  sketch  of  "  France  Since 
of  the  French  1814"  (Macmillan),  Baron  Pierre 

constitutional  life.     de    Coubertin    has    8ought    to    bring 

clearly  into  view  those  elements  in  the  political 
structure  of  France,  which,  though  profoundly 
shaken  by  the  revolutions  of  1830, 1848,  and  1870, 
have  nevertheless  been  preserved  or  restored.  He 
thinks  that  the  persistence  of  these  features  of 
French  constitutional  life  has  been  obscured  by  the 
division  of  the  whole  period  into  sections,  such  as 


the  "  Restoration,"  the  "  Monarchy  of  July,"  the 
"  Republic  of  '48,"  etc.,  in  this  way  emphasizing 
the  phenomena  of  crises.  To  Louis  XVIII.  he 
gives  the  chief  credit  for  whatever  has  been  accom- 
plished toward  establishing  a  sound  constitutional 
system.  And  it  was  the  prosperity  which  the  re- 
stored monarchy  created  that  enabled  Napoleon 
III.,  in  the  early  days  of  the  Empire,  to  make 
France  the  arbiter  of  Europe.  Moreover,  so  soon 
as  the  spectre  of  the  June  days  ceased  to  terrify 
the  Bourgeoisie,  the  desire  for  a  return  to  the  con- 
stitutional system  of  the  monarchy  was  difficult  to 
resist,  and  the  Empire  became  "  liberal."  The 
Third  Republic,  too,  is  in  its  governmental  forms 
hardly  more  than  a  revival  of  the  same  constitu- 
tional system.  This  is  Baron  de  Coubertin's  thesis, 
which  gradually  becomes  clearer  as  one  moves 
through  his  running  commentary  on  Nineteenth 
Century  France.  The  second  half  of  the  book  is 
stronger  than  the  first,  which  abounds  in  strange, 
not  to  say  untenable,  views  of  the  period  from  1814 
to  1848.  As  has  already  been  intimated,  Baron 
de  Coubertin  has  a  high  opinion  of  the  statesman- 
ship of  Louis  XVIII.  and  of  "  his  intense  moral 
energy."  He  has  an  equally  unmeasured  contempt 
for  Thiers,  who,  he  thinks,  was  the  principal  mis- 
chief-maker in  July,  1830.  The  Ordinances,  he 
says,  hardly  constituted  a  coup  d'etat,  adding  that 
it  was  only  the  absence  of  preparation  for  resist- 
ance that  finally  provoked  the  rioting.  But  the 
most  extraordinary  assertion  in  the  book  explains 
that  "the  recognition  of  those  Spanish  colonies 
which  were  already  constituted  separate  States,  to- 
gether with  their  commercial  liberty,"  was  "  secured 
by  our  [sic]  initiative."  One  or  two  curious  verbal 
blunders  have  crept  into  the  text :  "  orthodoxes," 
referring  to  Greek  Christians,  and  the  "  Chamber 
of  Communes  "  for  the  House  of  Commons. 


Croquet, 
properly 
so  called. 


To  those  who  in  these  days  of  golf 
are  scornful  of  the  game  which  we 
have  heard  called  "Presbyterian 
billiards  "  we  commend  Mr.  Arthur  Lillie's  "  Cro- 
quet up  to  Date  "  (Longmans).  From  that  instruc- 
tive treatise  many  things  may  be  learned,  and,  as 
not  the  least  among  them,  respect  for  a  game  far 
superior  to  either  tennis  or  golf  in  the  opportunities 
which  it  offers  for  strategy  and  finesse,  and,  indeed, 
for  most  other  forms  of  skill  which  demand  some- 
thing more  than  brute  strength.  The  term  "  cro- 
quet," as  here  used,  is  of  course  something  very 
different  from  that  childish  parody  of  the  sport 
often  practised  upon  American  lawns,  in  which  two 
shots  are  claimed  for  scoring  two  points  at  once,  and 
in  which  the  player  puts  his  foot  upon  his  own  ball 
to  keep  it  from  following  the  ball  that  he  is  engaged 
in  croquetting.  These  strange  vagaries,  and  others 
equally  weird,  are,  we  believe,  still  prevalent  in  this 
country,  and  are  even  countenanced  by  the  "  rules  " 
which  the  manufacturers  of  "  croquet  sets  "  provide 
for  innocent  purchasers.  That  they  disappeared 
from  the  real  game  decades  ago  is  a  fact  which  all 


80 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


players  know,  of  course,  but  which  it  seems  about 
as  difficult  to  enforce  upon  old-fashioned  persons  as 
it  is  difficult  to  enforce  the  principles  of  modern 
whist  upon  persons  who  deem  the  last  word  to  have 
been  said  by  the  earlier  Hoyle.  Mr.  Lillie's  book 
is  full  of  interesting  matter  —  openings,  systems  of 
tactics,  accounts  of  famous  players,  and  suggestions 
for  revised  rules.  We  recommend  it  to  all  devotees 
of  the  unduly  neglected  game  of  skill  with  which  it 
deals,  and  particularly  to  such  others  as,  knowing 
nothing  of  the  sport,  have  minds  that  are  open  to 
conviction  upon  the  subject. 

An  interesting  little  manual  in  eccle- 

English  abbeyt          oi  oaf?  pal   architpphirfi    has   hpon    ™-» 

and  cathedrals. 

pared  by  Dr.  H.  D.  M.  Spence,  Dean 
of  Gloucester,  under  the  title  of  "  The  White  Robe 
of  Churches"  (Scribner's  importation).  Living  in 
Gloucester  deanery,  and  in  the  very  shadow  of  the 
grand  Cathedral,  various  questions  have  from  time 
to  time  naturally  suggested  themselves  to  Dr. 
Spence,  such  as,  "  At  what  special  epoch,  and  under 
what  special  circumstances,  were  these  inimitable 
mighty  prayer-homes  built?  and  what  special  inspi- 
ration fired  the  builders'  hearts?  Was  there  any 
ancient  type  after  which  these  grand  piles  were  de- 
signed and  finished?  Who  were  the  builders? 
What  of  the  vanished  dwellers  in  these  abbeys  and 
cloisters?  have  they  any  special  story?"  It  was 
in  framing  replies  to  these  and  kindred  queries  that 
Dr.  Spence's  little  book  grew  up.  It  is  popular  and 
entertaining,  rather  than  drily  technical,  and  writ- 
ten in  a  vein  of  pious  enthusiasm  that  warms  the 
style  and  fixes  the  attention  of  the  reader.  We 
know  of  no  book  of  its  scope  in  which  the  history 
and  the  main  structural  features  of  these  grand  and 
inspiring  mediaeval  edifices  are  more  intelligently 
and  attractively  set  forth  for  the  general  reader 
than  this  temptingly  made  and  beautifully  illus- 
trated one  by  Dean  Spence.  There  are  sixty-eight 
plates,  full-page  and  vignette,  from  photographs, 
drawings,  and  standard  books  on  architecture. 

Urbanity,  a  light  satiric  touch,  and 
seasonableness  of  theme,  mark  the 
essays  by  Mr.  Eliot  Gregory  which 
are  grouped  in  a  neat  volume  under  the  title  "  The 
Ways  of  Men"  (Scribner).  There  are  thirty-three 
papers  in  all,  under  such  tempting  captions  as 
"  Domestic  Despots,"  "  Machine  -  Made  Men," 
"Some  American  Husbands,"  "The  Grand  Opera 
Fad,"  "  The  Genealogical  Craze,"  "  Pre-palatial 
Newport,"  "  The  Dinner  and  the  Drama,"  etc. 
Other  papers,  wherein  the  satirist  of  current  follies 
and  fleeting  social  affectations  is  less  apparent,  are  : 
"Cyrano,  Rostand,  Coquelin "  (substantially  M. 
Coquelin's  own  account,  as  given  to  Mr.  Gregory, 
of  his  earlier  acquaintance  with  M.  Rostand  and 
first  production  of  "  Cyrano  ")  ;  "  Calve'  at  Cabri- 
eres,"  "  Carolus "  (Carolus-Duran),  "Sardou  at 
Marly-le-Roy,"  etc.  As  a  satirist  of  manners,  Mr. 
Gregory  knows  how  to  be  both  sensible  and  amus- 


ing ;  and  his  gentle  ridicule  of  passing  folly  is  of 
the  stingless  kind  that  cures.  Let  us  add  that  Mr. 
Gregory  will  be  better  known  to  many  under  his 
pen-name,  "  An  Idler."  He  has  "  idled  "  to  good 
purpose. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


Dr.  Ernest  F.  Henderson's  "  Side  Lights  on  English 
History,"  published  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.,  is  a 
royal  octavo  volume  of  extracts  from  letters,  papers, 
and  diaries  of  the  past  three  centuries.  It  places  in  the 
hands  of  students  a  great  amount  of  original  material, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  comprehensive  and  satisfactory 
of  the  many  source-books  that  have  been  published 
during  recent  years.  Even  more  interesting  than  the 
text  is  the  series  of  sumptuous  illustrations,  eighty  in 
number,  with  which  it  is  provided.  These  are  for  the 
most  part  full-page  portraits  from  contemporary  paint- 
ings and  engravings,  and  constitute  such  a  series  as 
cannot  be  found  in  any  other  similar  work. 

Mr.  Henry  W.  Elson  has  just  published,  through  the 
Messrs.  Macmillan,  a  second  volume  of  his  readable  and 
entertaining  "  Side  Lights  on  American  History."  The 
period  covered  is  that  from  1860  to  the  present  time. 
The  author  gets  on  delicate  ground  when  he  discusses 
the  recent  war,  and  there  is  too  much  of  the  "  poor  old 
Spain  "  idea  about  his  writing  to  win  the  approval  of 
sober  readers.  But  teachers,  and  others,  will  welcome 
this  book  as  a  whole,  because  of  its  intelligent  account 
of  such  things  as  the  Alabama  Claims,  the  impeachment 
of  Johnson,  and  the  Electoral  Commission  of  1876  — 
things  about  which  it  is  not  always  easy  to  get  definite 
and  compact  information. 

Mr.  Robert  Waters  is  the  author,  and  the  Edgar  S. 
Werner  Co.  are  the  publishers,  of  a  volume  entitled 
"  Flashes  of  Wit  and  Humor."  It  is  a  pleasant  little 
book,  full  of  anecdotes  and  witticisms  of  all  degrees  of 
antiquity,  collected  into  a  series  of  chapters,  to  each  of 
which  the  author  gives  a  sort  of  unity  by  means  of  his 
own  appreciative  and  genial  commentary.  He  has  a 
quick  sense  for  the  humorous  phrase  or  situation,  and  a 
wholesome  instinct  for  the  rejection  of  anything  that 
approaches  coarseness  or  vulgarity.  We  are  glad  to 
say  a  word  in  commendation  of  this  latest  of  "  Joe 
Millers." 

"  North  America  "  is  the  subject  of  the  second  book 
in  the  series  of  geographies  prepared  for  the  Macmillan 
Co.  by  Professors  Ralph  S.  Tarr  and  Frank  M.  Mc- 
Murry.  These  books  certainly  solve  the  problem  of 
reducing  a  school  geography  to  the  dimensions  of  an 
ordinary  book,  which  alone  should  prove  a  potent  rec- 
ommendation. They  are  in  other  respects  thoroughly 
praiseworthy,  being  modern  in  scholarship  and  treat- 
ment, provided  with  all  sorts  of  helpful  suggestions  for 
the  work  of  teaching,  as  well  as  with  illustrations  in 
unusual  number  and  variety. 

A  handsomely-printed  catalogue  of  the  exhibit  of  the 
Oxford  University  Press  at  the  Paris  Exposition  is 
issued  by  Mr.  Henry  Frowde.  The  catalogue  is  in 
three  parts,  devoted  respectively  to  the  Educational, 
Binding,  and  Paper  exhibits.  The  illustrations  of 
unique  special  bindings  executed  at  the  Oxford  Press, 
and  the  description  of  the  wonderful  Oxford  India  paper, 
are  the  most  noteworthy  features  of  this  altogether 
interesting  catalogue. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


81 


NOTES. 


Mr.  G.  Bernard  Shaw's  "  An  Unsocial  Socialist "  has 
just  been  published  in  a  satisfactory  new  edition  by  the 
Messrs.  Brentano. 

"  Robert's  Primer  of  Parliamentary  Law,"  by  Mr. 
Joseph  Thomas  Robert,  is  a  recent  publication  of  the 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

Messrs.  Sibley  &  Ducker  publish  a  "  Practical  Com- 
position and  Rhetoric,"  the  work  of  Messrs.  William 
E.  Mead  and  Wilbur  F.  Gordy. 

Dr.  Charles  G.  Herbermann  has  edited  the  "  Bellum 
Catilinse "  of  Sallust  for  schools,  and  the  book  is  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  B.  H.  Sanborn  &  Co. 

Volume  XI.  of  the  "  Larger  Temple  Shakespeare  " 
(Dent-Macmilhui)  has  just  been  published,  leaving  but 
one  more  volume  to  complete  the  edition. 

"  A  Term  of  Ovid,"  by  Mr.  Clarence  W.  Gleason,  is 
a  text  which  provides  "  ten  stories  from  the  '  Meta- 
morphoses '  for  girls  and  boys."  It  is  published  by  the 
American  Book  Co. 

"  The  Red  Badge  of  Courage,"  by  Stephen  Crane,  is 
republished  by  the  Messrs.  Appleton,  this  time  accom- 
panied by  a  portrait,  as  well  as  by  a  biographical  sketch 
which  Mr.  Ripley  Hitchcock  signs. 

A  new  volume  in  the  attractive  little  "  Nugget  Series," 
published  by  Messrs.  Fords,  Howard  &  Hulbert,  is  a 
compilation  of  "  Quaint  Nuggets,"  made  up  of  selec- 
tions from  various  Elizabethan  writers. 

"  Tom  Jones,"  in  two  volumes,  edited  by  Mr.  A.  W. 
Pollard,  is  the  latest  addition  to  the  "  Library  of  En- 
glish Classics "  published  by  the  Messrs.  Macmillan. 
Mr.  A.  W.  Pollard  has  edited  the  text,  as  in  the  case 
of  the  rest  of  the  series. 

"  Dreams  of  a  Spirit-Seer,  Illustrated  by  Dreams  of 
Metaphysics  "  (Macmillan)  is  a  translation  from  Kant, 
supplemented  by  correlative  passages  from  Swedenborg. 
Mr.  E.  F.  Goerwitz  is  the  translator,  and  Mr.  Frank 
Sewall  the  editor  of  this  volume. 

"  Some  Problems  of  Lotze's  Theory  of  Knowledge," 
discussed  by  Edwin  Proctor  Robins,  is  the  first  volume 
in  the  series  of  "  Cornell  Studies  in  Philosophy,"  pub- 
lished by  the  Macmillan  Co.  The  author  of  this  mon- 
ograph was  a  promising  scholar  who  died  about  a  year 
ago  at  the  age  of  twenty-six. 

The  following  numbers  have  just  been  added  to  the 
Columbia  series  of  studies  in  political  science :  "  Colo- 
nial Immigration  Laws,"  by  Mr.  E.  E.  Proper;  "His- 
tory of  Military  Pension  Legislation  in  the  United 
States,"  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Glasson;  and  "  History  of  the 
Theory  of  Sovereignty  since  Rousseau,"  by  Dr.  C.  E. 
Merriam. 

The  latest  expression  of  the  energy  and  good  taste 
of  the  English  firm  of  Messrs.  J.  M.  Dent  &  Co.  is  the 
series  of  "  Illustrated  English  Poems."  Shelley's  "  The 
Sensitive  Plant "  and  Cowper's  "  John  Gilpin  "  are  the 
two  widely  different  texts  chosen  to  inaugurate  the 
series.  In  his  spirited  drawings  for  "John  Gilpin," 
Mr.  Brock  proves  himself  the  legitimate  successor  to 
Randolph  Caldecott.  Mr.  Housman's  work  is  strongly 
suggestive  of  Pre-Raphaelite  influences,  and  the  mystic 
quality  of  his  drawings  is  well  adapted  to  Shelley's  lines. 

"  A  High  School  Grammar,"  by  Dr.  Brainard  Kel- 
logg and  the  late  Alonzo  Reed,  with  much  helpful  col- 
laboration from  Professor  F.  A.  March,  is  a  recent 
publication  of  Messrs.  Maynard,  Merrill  &  Co.  It 


includes  a  good  deal  of  historical  and  comparative 
grammar,  with  references  to  Latin,  Old  English,  and 
the  modern  languages,  which,  of  course,  place  it  be- 
yond the  reach  of  elementary  school  children,  and  jus- 
tifies its  title.  It  seems  an  excellent  book  for  its  purpose. 

A  new  monthly  magazine  is  about  to  make  its  appear- 
ance in  London  under  the  title  of  "  The  New  Liberal 
Review."  It  will  resemble  most  of  the  well-known 
English  reviews  in  form  and  size,  and  will  include  arti- 
cles on  literary  and  general  interest.  In  spite  of  its 
popular  attractions,  however,  its  principal  aim  is  to  be 
the  monthly  organ  of  liberal  imperialism,  with  particu- 
lar attraction  for  the  younger  writers  of  the  Liberal 
cause.  The  joint  editors  of  the  new  venture  will  be 
Messrs.  Cecil  and  Hildebrand  Harmsworth. 

Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  publish  "  Specimens  of  the 
Forms  of  Discourse,"  a  text  for  schools  edited  by  Dr. 
E.  H.  Lewis.  Criticism  is  illustrated,  as  well  as  the 
four  primary  types  of  discourse,  and  there  is  a  useful 
list  of  suggested  exercises  at  the  end  of  the  volume. 
The  same  publishers  send  us  an  edition  of  Tennyson's 
"  Princess,"  prepared  by  Professor  L.  A.  Sherman,  and 
illustrating  his  peculiar  methods  of  annotation  and 
instruction.  There  is  a  sixty-page  introduction  upon 
poetic  diction  in  general,  full  of  solemn  vagaries,  and 
illustrated  with  remarkable  diagrams.  It  is  lucky  that 
the  approach  to  literature  is  not  often  hedged  about 
with  such  forbidding  defences. 

The  organization  is  announced,  in  New  York  City,  of 
the  American  Publishers'  Association,  with  Mr.  Charles 
Scribner  as  President,  Gen.  A.  C.  McClurg  and  Mr. 
George  Mifflin  as  Vice-Presidents,  Mr.  George  P.  Brett 
(of  The  Macmillan  Co.)  as  Secretary,  and  Mr.  G.  B.  M. 
Harvey  (of  Harper  &  Brothers)  as  Treasurer.  The 
promotion  of  the  interests  of  publishers,  authors,  book- 
sellers, book  manufacturers,  and  bookbuyers  is  stated 
to  be  the  general  purpose  of  the  association;  while, 
more  specifically,  an  attempt  will  be  made  to  secure 
greater  uniformity  of  prices  to  the  public  and  to  pre- 
vent the  "  cutting  "  system  which  has  proved  so  detri- 
mental and  demoralizing  to  the  regular  book  trade. 

Readers  of  the  American  Economic  Association's  col- 
lection of  critical  monographs  on  "  The  Federal  Census," 
reviewed  in  THE  DIAL  a  few  months  ago,  will  be  inter- 
ested in  a  paper  by  Professor  Walter  F.  Willcox,  one 
of  the  chief  statisticians  of  the  Census  Office  in  charge 
of  the  Division  of  Methods  and  Results,  and  a  contrib- 
utor to  the  former  discussion,  entitled  "  Plans  for  the 
Twelfth  Census,"  and  in  an  "  Outline  of  the  Plans  for 
the  Agricultural  Census,"  by  Mr.  H.  T.  Newcomb,  also 
of  the  Census  Office.  These  papers  were  presented 
before  the  Economic  Association  at  its  Ithaca  meeting 
last  winter,  and  have  been  printed  in  a  separate  pam- 
phlet, as  well  as  in  the  proceedings  of  the  association. 
Together  they  give  a  very  good  idea  of  what  the  Census 
Office  is  doing  and  how  it  is  doing  it. 

The  following  information  about  Professor  Barrett 
Wendell's  forthcoming  "  Literary  History  of  America," 
from  the  London  " Athenseum,"  is  of  interest:  "The 
author  endeavours  to  define  the  points  in  which  the 
nation,  character,  and  thought  of  America  have  di- 
verged from  those  of  England.  Touching  briefly  on 
the  seventeenth  century,  with  a  special  chapter  on  Cotton 
Mather,  he  discusses  the  eighteenth  century  at  greater 
length,  with  special  chapters  on  Jonathan  Edwards, 
Benjamin  Franklin,  and  the  American  Revolution.  The 
nineteenth  century  is  treated  more  in  detail,  special 


82 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


chapters  being  assigned  to  Brockden  Brown,  Irving, 
Cooper,  Bryant,  Poe,  Emerson,  Whittier,  Longfellow, 
Lowell,  Holmes,  and  Walt  Whitman.  The  chief  em- 
phasis is  laid  on  the  literature  of  New  England  and  its 
differences  from  that  of  the  mother  country." 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

August,  1900. 

Afghanistan,  Present  Status  of.    Sultan  Khan.    Forum. 

Alaskan  Waters,  Holidays  in.    John  Burroughs.   Century. 

Art  Exhibition,  A  National.  W.  0.  Partridge.  Rev.  ofEevs. 

Bryan  at  Home.    Review  of  Reviews. 

Canada  and  Imperialism.    John  Charlton.    Forum. 

Child-Study.    G.  Stanley  Hall.    Forum. 

China  and  Japan,  Peace  between.    Charles  Denby.    Forum. 

China,  Our  Rights  in.    M.  B.  Dnnnell.    Atlantic. 

Chinese  Revolution,  The.    Stephen  Bonsai.  Rev.  of  Revs. 

lowans,  The.    R.  L.  Hartt.    Atlantic. 

Italian  Problems,  Some.    H.  R.  Whitehouse.    Forum. 

Kansas  City  Convention.   WalterWellman.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 

Labor  and  Politics  in  Great  Britain.  J.  K.Hardie.  Forum. 

Loches.    Ernest  C.  Peixotto.    Scribner. 

London,  East,  Riverside  of.    Walter  Besant.    Century. 

Manners,  Decadence  of.    Amelia  G.  Mason.     Century. 

Michigan  Town,  Embellishment  of  a.    Review  of  Reviews. 

Montgomery  Race  Conference,  The.  B.T.Washington.  Cent. 

Negro  Problem  in  the  South.    C.  H.  Grosvenor.    Forum. 

New  York  Appellate  Court-house,  The  New.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 

New  York  Aquarium,  Treasures  of.    C.  L.  Bristol.    Century. 

Order,  The  Price  of.    Talcott  Williams.    Atlantic. 

Paris  Exposition,  Amusements  of.    Jean  Schopfer.   Century. 

Philippines,  Present  and  Future  of.    F.  F.  Hilder.  Forum. 

Political  Education.    A.  T.  Hadley.    Atlantic. 

Pretoria  in  War  Time.    R.  H.  Davis.    Scribner. 

Roosevelt,  Theodore.  Jacob  A.  Riis.    Review  of  Reviews. 

Roosevelt's  Work  as  Governor.    Review  of  Reviews. 

Statesmen,  Four  American.    Frederic  Bancroft.  Atlantic. 

Submarine  Signaling.    Sylvester  Baxter.    Atlantic. 

Texas,  Past  and  Present.    R.  T.  Hill.    Forum. 

Tolstoy's  Russia.    G.  H.  Ferris.    Forum. 

United  States  as  a  World  Power.    C.  A.  Conant.    Forum. 

Volcanic  Scenery  of  Northwest.  R.  E.  Strahorn.  Rev.  of  Revs. 

Yosemite  Park,  Wild  Gardens  of.   John  Muir.    Atlantic. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  37  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY. 

Joel  Dorman  Steele,  Teacher  and  Author.  By  Mrs.  George 
Archibald.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  215.  A.  S. 
Barnes  &  Co.  $1. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 
Essays  of  John  Dryden.    Selected  and  edited  by  W.  P. 

Ker,  M.A.    In  2  vols.,  12mo,  uncut.    Oxford  University 

Press.    $3.40  net. 
Publishers'  Associations :  An  Address  Delivered  before  the 

School  Book  Publishers'  Association.  1899.     By  D.  C. 

Heath.     18mo,  uncut,  pp.  56.     New  York:    Privately 

Printed. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

The  History  of  Tom  Jones,  a  Foundling.  By  Henry 
Fielding.  In  2  vols.,  large  8vo,  uncut.  "  Library  of  En- 
glish Classics."  Macmillan  Co.  $3. 

Kings  in  Exile.  By  Alphonse  Daudet ;  trans,  by  Katharine 
Prescott  Wormeley.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  gilt  top, 
pp.  412.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Little  Parish  Church  ("La  Petite  Paroisse").  By 
Alphpnse  Daudet ;  trans,  by  George  Burnham  Ives.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  360.  Little,  Brown,  & 
Co.  $1.50. 


Numa  Roumestan.  By  Alphonse  Daudet;  trans,  by 
Charles  de  Kay.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  396. 
Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Works  of  Shakespeare,  "Larger  Temple"  edition. 
Edited  by  Israel  Gollancz.  Vol.  XL,  Othello,  Antony  and 
Cleopatra,  and  Pericles.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc., 
12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  408.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

Cassell's  National  Library.  Edited  by  Henry  Morley. 
New  vols.:  Bacon's  The  Wisdom  of  the  Ancients  and  New 
Atlantis,  and  Burke's  Thoughts  on  the  Present  Discon- 
tents. Each  24mo.  Cassell  &  Co.  Per  vol.,  paper, 
lOcts. 

BOOKS  OF  VERSE. 

Liberty  Poems  Inspired  by  the  Crisis  of  1898-1900.  By 
various  authors.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  120.  Boston :  James  H.  West  Co.  75  cts.;  paper,  25  cts. 

Up  in  Maine :  Stories  of  Yankee  Life  Told  in  Verse.  By 
Holman  F.  Day ;  with  Introduction  by  C.  E.  Littlefield. 
Dlus.,  16mo,  pp.  209.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  $1. 

FICTION. 

The  Reign  of  Law :  A  Tale  of  the  Kentucky  Hemp  Fields. 

By  James  Lane  Allen.     Illus.,  1'2 mo,   gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  385.    Macmillan  Co.     $1.50. 
The  Web  of  Life.     By  Robert  Herrick.    12mo,  gilt  top, 

uncut,  pp.  356.    Macmillan  Co.    $1.50. 
Eben  Holden:  A  Tale  of  the  North  Country.     By  Irving 

Bacheller.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  432.    Lothrop  Pub- 
lishing Co.    $1.50. 
An  Unsocial  Socialist.     By  G.  Bernard  Shaw.     12mo, 

uncut,  pp.  373.     Brentano's.    $1.25. 
A  Millionaire  of  Yesterday.    By  E.  Phillips  Oppenheim. 

12mo.    J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.    $1.;  paper,  50c. 
A  Continental  Cavalier.    By  Kimball  Scribner.     Illus., 

12mo,  uncut,  pp.  258.     New  York:  The  Abbey  Press. 

$1. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 
In  South  Africa  with  Buller.    By  George  Clarke  Mus- 

grave.    Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  364.    Little,  Brown,  &  Co.    $2. 
Greater  Canada:  The  Past,  Present,  and  Future  of  the 

Canadian  Northwest.    By  E.  B.  Osborn,  B.A.  With  map, 

12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  243.  A.  Wessels  Co.   $1.25. 

BOOKS  FOR  SCHOOL  AND  COLLEGE. 

Fortuna  y  Otros  Cuentos.  Por  R.  Diez  de  la  Cortina,  B.A. 
16mo,  pp.  135.  Wm.  R.  Jenkins.  Paper,  35  cts. 

Temprano  y  Con  Sol.  Por  Emilia  Pardo  Bazdn ;  edited  by 
R.  Diez  de  la  Cortina,  B.A.  16mo,  pp.  77.  Wm.  R. 
Jenkins.  Paper,  35  cts. 

Logical  Chart  for  Teaching  and  Learning  the  French  Con- 
jugation. By  Stanislas  Le  Roy.  8vo.  Wm.  R.  Jenkins. 

MISCELLANEO  US. 

Historical  Jurisprudence:  An  Introduction  to  the  Sys- 
tematic Study  of  the  Development  of  Law.  By  Guy  Carle- 
ton  Lee,  Ph.D.  Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  517.  Macmillan 
Co.  $3.  net. 

Croquet  Up  to  Date :  Containing  the  Ideas  and  Teachings 
of  the  Leading  Players  and  Champions.  Edited  by  Arthur 
Little.  Illus.,  large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  313.  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co.  $3.50. 

Foreign  Missions  of  the  Protestant  Churches.  By 
Stephen  L.  Baldwin,  D.D.  12mo,  pp.  272.  Eaton  & 
Mains.  $1. 

The  Cradle  of  the  Republic:  Jamestown  and  James  River. 
By  Lyon  Gardiner  Tyler.  Illus.,  large  8vo,  pp.  187. 
Richmond,  Va.:  Whittet  &  Shepperson. 

Some  Problems  of  Lotze's  Theory  of  Knowledge.  By 
Edwin  Proctor  Robins,  M.A.;  edited  by  J.  E.  Creighton. 
Large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  108.  "Cornell  Studies."  Mac- 
millan Co.  Paper,  75  cts.  net. 

Bunny's  Friends.  By  Amy  Le  Feuvre.  Illus.,  12mo, 
pp.  54.  F.  H.  Revell  Co.  30  cts. 

SOCIAL,  ECONOMIC,  AND  POLITICAL 

STUDIES. 
War  and  Labour.     By  Michael  Anitchkow.    Large  8vo, 

uncut,  pp.  578.    Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.    $5. 
History  of  the  Theory  of  Sovereignty  since  Rousseau. 
By  C.  E.  Merriam,  Jr.,  Ph.D.    Large  8vp.  uncut,  pp.  232. 
"Columbia  University  Studies."    Macmillan  Co.    Paper, 
$1.50  net. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


83 


Economic  Crises.  By  Edward  D.  Jones,  Ph.D.  12mo, 
pp.  251.  "  Citizen's  Library."  Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

History  of  Military  Pension  Legislation  in  the  United 
States.  By  William  Henry  Olasson,  Ph.D.  Large  8vo, 
uncut,  pp.  135.  "Columbia  University  Studies."  Mac- 
millan Co.  Paper,  $1.  net. 

Colonial  Immigration  Laws:  A  Study  of  the  Regulation 
of  Immigration  by  the  English  Colonies  in  America.  By 
Emberson  Edward  Proper,  A.M.  Large  8vo,  uncut, 
pp.  91.  "  Columbia  University  Studies."  Macmillan  Co. 
Paper,  75  cts.  net. 

NATURE  AND  SCIENCE. 
Nature  in  Downland.  By  W.  H.  Hudson.  Illus.,  large  8vo, 

uncut,  pp.  307.    Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.    $3.50. 
Flowers  in  the  Pave.    By  Charles  M.  Skinner.    Illus.  in 

photogravure,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  216.    J.  B.  Lip- 

pincott  Co.     $1.50. 
Nature's  Miracles :  Familiar  Talks  on  Science.    By  Elisha 

Gray,  Ph.D.  Vol.  II. .Energy  and  Vibration.  18mo,  pp.243. 

Fords,  Howard,  &  Hulbert.    60  cts.  net. 


Ajthors' 
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No.  340.       AUGUST  16,  1900.      Vol.  XXIX. 
CONTENTS. 


A  YEAR  OF  CONTINENTAL  LITERATURE— II.    89 

TWO  GREAT  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  OF  ENGLAND. 

H.  M.  Stanley 93 

A    TRANSITION    PERIOD    IN    AMERICAN 

HISTORY.    Francis  Wayland  Shepardson     .    .    94 

STUDIES  OF  THE  HUMAN  SPECIES.    Frederick 

Starr 96 

RECENT  BOOKS  ON  EDUCATION.    B.  A.  Hins- 

dale,  A.  S.  Whitney 97 

Smith's  The  Teaching  of  Elementary  Mathematics. 

—  Adams's  Public  Educational  Work  in  Baltimore. 

—  Dewey's  The    School    and    Society.  —  Sheldon's 
The  Ethical  Sunday  School.  —  Fitch's  Educational 
Aims   and    Methods.  —  Sweet's    American    Public 
Schools.  —  MacCunn's  The  Making  of  Character. — 
Sarah  L.  Arnold's  Reading.  —  Bolton's  The  Second- 

.  ary  School  System  of  Germany.  —  Seeley's  History 
of  Education.  —  Welton's  The  Logical  Basis  of  Edu- 
cation.—  Howe's  Advanced  Elementary  Science. — 
Warner's  The  Nervous  System  of  the  Child. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 100 

Preservation  of  forest  trees.  —  The  bright  side  of  the 
story  of  Philadelphia. — The  growth  of  Nationality. 

—  Readable,    if    apocryphal,    memoirs.  —  A   half- 
century  of  naval  architecture.  —  Melic  poetry  of  the 
Greeks. — Twenty  years  of  consular  experiences. — 
Our  foreign  civil  service. — The  Nicaraguan  canal 
and  country. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 102 

NOTES  .  103 


A    YEAR   OF  CONTINENTAL 
LITERATURE. 

ii. 

It  is  now  about  twenty  years,  says  Mr.  C.  K. 
Elout,  writing  of  the  literary  history  of  the 
past  twelvemonth  in  Holland,  since  "  De 
Nieuwe  Gids  "  started  a  new  intellectual  and 
artistic  movement. 

"  The  movement  swept  over  the  country  like  a  huge 
wave,  and  caused  an  immense  disturbance,  for  the  bold 
behaviour  of  the  young  authors,  their  courageous  criti- 
cism of  their  predecessors,  and  especially  their  coinage 
of  new  and  strange  expressions,  roused  a  storm  of  anger 


and  indignation.  But  at  the  same  time  a  band  of  ad- 
mirers gathered  around  them  with  an  enthusiasm  equal 
to  the  indignation  displayed  on  the  other  side.  And  for 
many  years  the  battle  went  on  fiercely.  It  looked  as 
if  both  parties  were  determined  to  fight  '  to  the  bitter 
end,'  but  at  length  the  opposition  to  the  '  new  literature  ' 
was  abandoned  slowly  and  sullenly.  The  older  gen- 
eration gave  way.  It  continued  writing  in  its  own  old- 
fashioned  style  —  though  modified  to  a  great  extent  by 
contact  with  its  adversaries  —  but  it  stopped  criticizing." 

Of  the  writers  who  were  identified  with  the 
new  movement —  Messrs.  Verwey,  van  Deyssel, 
van  Eeden,  Gorier,  and  Kloos  —  only  one,  the 
first  named,  has  published  anything  during  the 
past  year.  The  writer  last  named,  however, 
has  made  a  "  literary  "  marriage  which  has  at- 
tracted as  much  attention  as  a  new  book  from 
his  pen  would  have  done.  His  bride  is  Miss 
Jeanne  Reyneke  van  Stuwe,  whose  first  book, 
"  Hartstocht  "  (Passion),  "  is  a  short  novel  in 
which  the  author  describes  the  life  of  one  whom 
she  thinks  to  be  a  man  of  passion,  but  who  is 
really  nothing  of  the  kind,  merely  a  base  and 
reckless  rake."  The  same  young  woman  "  has 
also  issued  a  collection  of  poems  in  praise  of 
Mr.  Kloos,  which  an  outsider  —  I  mean  one 
who  is  neither  Mr.  Kloos  nor  Miss  Reyneke 
—  cannot  help  finding  rather  monotonous.'* 
The  chief  novels  of  the  year  are  "  Als  Kaf 
voor  den  Wind  "  (As  Chaff  before  the  Wind), 
by  a  pseudonymous  lady  ;  "Geloof  "  (Faith), 
by  Miss  de  Savornin  Lohman ;  "  Kameleon," 
by  Mr.  V.  Loosjes ;  and  "  Verborgen  Bronnen  " 
(Hidden  Springs),  by  Miss  Augusta  de  Wit. 
Mr.  Couperus  has  turned  to  fairy-tales.  His 
"  Fidessa,"  "  is  both  interesting  in  its  story 
and  beautiful  in  the  exquisite  poetry  of  its 
language."  The  leading  play  of  the  year  is 
»  Het  Zevende  Gebod  "  (The  Seventh  Com- 
mandment), by  Mr.  Heyermans.  This  "  tragi- 
comedy of  love  without  marriage  in  a  flat  in 
the  Quartier  Latin  of  Amsterdam  "  has  proved 
immensely  successful  as  a  stage  production. 

Mr.  Leopold  Katscher,  writing  from  Hun- 
gary, begins  his  article  with  mention  of  some 
works  of  serious  scholarship.  Among  them 
are  the  "  History  of  Greece  "  of  the  late  Pro- 
fessor Schvarcz  ;  a  "  History  of  the  Greeks," 
by  Professor  G.  Gyomlai;  "The  Life  and 
Poetry  of  Imre  Madach,"  by  Mr.  M.  Palagyi ;, 
"Hungarian  Music  in  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury," by  Mr.  Kernel  Abranyi ;  "  The  King- 
dom of  Hungary,"  by  Mr.  A.  V.  Matlekovits  ; 


90 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


"  Studies  in  Social  Politics,"  by  Mr.  Mano 
Somogyi ;  "  The  Solution  of  the  Peace  Prob- 
lem," by  Mr.  Ferencz  Kemeny;  and  "Wo- 
man's Work,"  by  Mr.  Andor  Maday.  In 
poetry,  mention  is  made  of  Mr.  Sandor  Feleki's 
"  Wandering  Clouds,"  "  a  collection  of  nearly 
a  hundred  pieces  of  genuine  poetry  of  a  dreamy 
sort,  without  a  trace  of  artificiality."  In  the 
drama,  there  are  "  Mother  Earth,"  by  Mr. 
Istvan  Geczy  ;  "  Prince  Unique,"  a  fairy  piece 
by  Mr.  Elek  Benedek ;  "  Learned  Professor 
Hatvani,"  a  comedy  in  verse  by  Mr.  Emil 
Makai ;  and  u  Shakespeare,"  by  Mr.  Arpad 
Zigany.  In  fiction,  mention  is  made  of 
"  Among  Strangers,"  by  Mr.  Ferencz  Herczeg ; 
"  Blue-Eyed  Mrs.  Davidka,"  by  Mr.  G.  Gar- 
donyi  ;  "  The  Last,"  by  Mr.  Dezso  Malonyay  ; 
and  the  "  Dying  Gladiator,"  by  Mr.  Arpad 
Abonyi.  Mr.  Jokai's  new  book  is  the  most 
important  of  all  this  fiction,  and  is  character- 
ized as  "a  highly  fantastic  romance,  which 
created  the  more  stir  as  the  writer  gave  up  his 
widower's  state  last  year  in  his  seventy-fifth 
year  to  marry  a  young  lady  of  twenty,  and  the 
book  is  highly  personal,  though  not  autobio- 
graphical. Love  and  old  age  are  the  subjects 
round  which  the  master's  extraordinary  imagi- 
nation revolves.  He  squanders  a  whole  mine 
of  sarcasm,  humor,  self-mockery,  bitter  truth, 
and  romantic  extravagance.  This  strange  pro- 
duction reads  like  a  fascinating  mixture  of 
Boccaccio,  Jules  Verne,  and  E.  T.  A.  Hoff- 
mann." "  Aged  but  not  Old  "  is  the  appro- 
priate title  of  this  characteristic  work. 

In  Italy,  writes  Sig.  Guido  Biagi,  the  greatest 
literary  successes  of  the  year  have  been  two 
foreign  productions  —  the  "  Quo  Vadis  "  of 
Mr.  Sienkiewicz,  and  the  "  Cyrano  "  of  M. 
Rostand.  The  former,  published  in  an  author- 
ized translation  by  Sig.  F.  Verdinois,  has,  owing 
to  a  defect  in  the  copyright  laws,  been  also 
translated  by  several  other  hands,  and  thus 
pirated  right  and  left.  Its  vogue,  both  as  a 
book  and  as  a  drama,  has  been  something  ex- 
traordinary, and  has  even  led  to  the  prepara- 
tion of  illustrated  postcards,  beyond  which 
popularity  can  no  farther  go.  The  past  year, 
— "  which  in  the  history  of  the  Catholic  world  will  be 
called  the  Anno  Santo  or  year  of  jubilee  —  might  in  a 
literary  sense,  as  far  as  Italy  is  concerned,  be  called  the 
Dantesque  year,  since  in  it  coincide  centenaries  of 
Dante's  vision,  and  also  of  the  year  of  his  priorate 
(1300).  .  .  .  The  cult  of  the  hero  as  poet  has  taken  at 
the  present  day  a  form  which  would  have  pleased  even 
Carlyle,  since  he  is  celebrated  by  the  younger  men,  and 
becoming  more  and  more  popular." 

The  Florentines  have  now  a  Dante  lectureship 


in  full  swing,  and  the  poet  is  periodically  ex- 
pounded in  Orsanmichele. 

"  Lectures  011  Dante  and  readings  from  his  works  have 
been  given  everywhere  this  year,  and  the  finest  cantos 
of  the  '  Commedia '  have  even  been  recited  on  the  stage. 
In  fact,  the  poet  has  been  all  the  rage,  and  the  natural 
eloquence,  not  to  say  verbosity,  of  the  Italians  must 
have  found  utterance  to  the  full  in  this  enthusiasm." 

The  serious  works  upon  Dante  include  "  Dante 
and  Heresy,"  by  Sig.  Felice  Tocco  ;  "  La  Vita 
e  la  Coltura  Italian  a  al  Tempo  di  Dante,"  by 
various  writers,  and  a  further  instalment  of  the 
work  entitled  "  Poesie  di  Mille  Autori  intorno 
di  Dante  Allighieri,"  which,  intended  to  fill 
twelve  volumes,  will  be  "  a  complete  collection 
of  poems,  including  those  written  in  imitation 
of  Dante,  in  all  languages."  Sig.  Carlo  del 
Balzo  is  the  editor  of  this  work.  In  literary 
history,  Sig.  A.  Belloni  has  written  an  account 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  Sig.  G.  Fumagalli 
has  compiled  a  "  Parini  Album,"  Sig.  de 
Amicis  has  published  "  Memorie,"  and  Sig. 
Vittorio  Pica  has  discussed  recent  French  au- 
thors in  a  volume  entitled  "Letteratura  d'Ec- 
cezione."  An  important  life  of  Leopardi  has 
been  published,  described  as  written  by  the 
poet  himself,  but  in  reality  compiled  by  the 
editor,  Sig.  G.  Piergili,  being  a  mosaic  of  ex- 
tracts from  Leopardi's  writings.  Sig.  d'An- 
nunzio's  "Laudi  del  Cielo,  del  Mare,  della 
Terra,  e  degli  Eroi,"  including  a  hymn  in 
praise  of  Dante,  is  a  book  "  full  of  images, 
visions,  and  thoughts  of  wonderful  beauty,  with 
a  faint  archaic  perfume  of  Franciscan  poetry." 
Other  volumes  of  poetry  are  "Poemetti,"  by 
Sig.  G.  Pascoli ;  "  Leggenda  Eterna,"  by  Sig- 
norina  Aganoor  ;  "  Primavira  Fiorentina,"  by 
Sig.  Ferrari ;  and  "  Canzoni,"  by  Sig.  Antonio 
della  Porta.  The  first  place  among  novels  be- 
longs to  the  "  Fuoco "  of  Sig.  d'Annunzio. 
Other  novels  are  "  L'lllusione,"  by  Sig.  F.  de 
Roberto  ;  "  La  Signorina,"  by  Sig.  G.  Rovetta  ; 
"  II  Giuoco  dell'  Amore,"  by  Sig.  Ugo  Ojetti ; 
"  Sant'  Elena,"  by  Sig.  G.  Rossi ;  "  Le  Mili- 
taresse,"  by  Captain  O.  San  Giacomo ;  "  Un 
Duello,"  by  Sig.  F.  Crispolti ;  and  «  A  Rac- 
colta,"  by  Signorina  A.  Giacomelli.  The  one 
noteworthy  theatrical  success  —  Sig.  Giacosa's 
"Come  le  Foglie"  —  has  already  been  men- 
tioned ;  of  theatrical  interest  are  Sig.  Rasi's 
"  I  Comici  Italiani,"  a  richly  illustrated  work, 
and  the  translation  of  Shelley's  "  Cenci  "  made 
by  Sig.  A.  de  Bosis.  This  tragedy  will  soon 
be  produced  upon  the  Italian  stage,  which 
should  do  something  to  put  the  poet's  country- 
men to  shame.  Many  works  of  historical  in- 
terest have  appeared.  We  note  the  first  vol- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


91 


times  of  the  "  Rerum  Italic-arum  Scriptores," 
"  La  Fine  d'  un  Regno,"  by  Sig.  R.  de  Cesare  ; 
"  Storia  d'  Italia  Contemporanea,"  by  Sig. 
Paolo  Orsi ;  and  "  II  Centre  di  Firenze,"  a 
volume  issued  by  the  Commune  of  Florence. 
The  writer  glances  in  conclusion  at  the  scien- 
tific output,  remarking  that "  the  archaeological 
discoveries  at  Rome,  the  Stele  arcaica,  the 
Oriental  Congress,  the  Congress  of  Christian 
Archaeology,  the  centenaries  of  Paulus  Diac- 
onus  and  Francesco  Filelf o,  the  commemoration 
of  the  great  legal  writer  Francesco  Carrara,  of 
Lucca,  and  other  events,  have  given  rise  to 
many  valuable  publications."  Senator  D. 
Comparetti's  monograph  on  the  Stele  arcaica 
is  particularly  noteworthy.  Of  philosophical 
publications,  the  most  important  seem  to  be 
"  Le  Mostruosita  dello  Spirito,"  by  Sig.  Ven- 
turi ;  "  Rosmini-Spencer,"  by  Sig.  G.  Vidari ; 
"Nord  e  Sud,"  by  Sig.  F.  S.  Nitti ;  and  "II 
Governo  Locale  Inglese  e  le  Sue  Relazioni  con 
la  Vita  Nazionale,"  by  Sig.  Pietro  Bertolini. 

Mr.  C.  Brinchmann,  writing  of  Norwegian 
literature,  naturally  gives  the  first  place  to  Dr. 
Ibsen's  "  When  We  Dead  Awake,"  and  ac- 
cepts the  sub-title,  "  a  dramatic  epilogue,"  as 
meaning  that  this  work  "  is  to  be  the  last  link 
in  the  chain  of  ideas  that  have  occupied  his 
mind  since  *  A  Doll  Home '  appeared."  Herr 
Jonas  Lie,  like  Dr.  Ibsen,  has  chosen  an  artist's 
career  for  the  subject  of  his  this  year's  novel. 

"  Both  writers  seem  to  have  drawn  largely  on  per- 
sonal experience,  their  difference  of  temperament  being 
made  clearly  evident.  Where  Dr.  Ibsen's  drama  re- 
veals concentrated  self-consciousness  coupled  with  much 
that  is  tender,  Herr  Jonas  Lie's  novel, « Faste  Forland,' 
shows  its  author's  frank  disposition  and  absolute  faith 
in  the  eventual  triumph  of  life's  healthy  instincts,  as 
clearly  as  when  in  his  youth,  after  the  usual  fate  of  an 
inexperienced  financial  promoter,  the  inevitable  final 
shock  only  broke  the  chrysalis  to  send  forth  the  novelist. 
And  all  the  best  qualities  of  this  delightful  narrator 
show  themselves  once  again  in  this  his  latest  volume, 
which  would  doubtless  appeal  favorably  to  many  in  the 
country  that  love  Dickens.  On  the  other  hand,  English 
readers  more  seriously  inclined  would  value  the  later 
books  of  Herr  Arne  Garborg  for  their  clear  reasoning 
and  fearless  inquiries  into  life's  realities,  presented  as 
they  are  with  a  masterly  perfection  of  language  and 
imagery.  His  last  Christmas  production,  '  Den  Burt- 
komne  Faderen,'  is  a  clever  narrative  in  monologue 
form  about  silenced  doubts  and  fears,  written  with  the 
same  purpose  to  fight  the  good  fight  and  win  back  the 
belief  in  an  all-good,  almighty  Ruler.  In  an  article  like 
this  it  is  only  possible  to  point  out  how  intelligent,  think- 
ing readers  of  Herr  Garborg's  book  are  charmed  by  the 
purer  atmosphere  into  which  he  leads  them,  where  no 
clash  of  arms  resounds." 

Other  works  of  interest  are  "  Harald  Svan's 
Mother,"  an  "  Aristophanic  Comedy  "  by  Herr 


G.  Heiberg ;  "  Gammelholm,"  a  "  grand  novel " 
by  Herr  Peter  Egge ;  "  Norges  Daemring,"  a 
descriptive  history  of  Norwegian  literature 
during  the  thirties,  by  Professor  G.  Gran  ;  and 
a  biography  of  Welhaven,  by  Professor  A. 
Lochen.  The  death  of  J.  B.  Halvorsen,  who 
had  almost  completed  his  "Norsk  Forfatter 
Lexicon,"  has  deprived  Norway  of  its  greatest 
authority  on  literary  matters.  Certain  philo- 
logical publications  have  brought  on 
"  A  renewed  contest  between  the  rival  camps  of  Lands- 
maal  and  Rigsmaal,  one  side  urging  the  substitution  of 
an  artificial  aggregate  of  dialects  for  the  usual  Norwe- 
gian written  language,  the  other  opposing  any  such  inno- 
vation, the  two  representatives  of  the  contending  par- 
ties being  the  poets  Herr  Bjornson  and  Herr  Garborg." 

Professor  A.  Belcikowski  gives  an  interest- 
ing account  of  Polish  belles  lettres  for  the  year. 

"  The  Nestor  of  our  novelists,  Mr.  T.  T.  Jez,  a  man 
who  has  rendered  many  services  to  literature,  has  re- 
cently increased  the  number  of  valuable  works  which 
he  has  written  by  publishing  a  tale,  « By  the  Waters  of 
Babylon,'  which  describes  the  melancholy  life  led  by 
the  Polish  refugees  in  Paris.  Madame  E.  Orzeszko,  who 
also  belongs  to  the  older  generation,  still  continues  to 
improve,  so  far,  at  least,  as  the  artistic  form  of  her  fic- 
tion is  concerned,  and,  in  my  opinion  at  any  rate,  her 
latest  romance,  '  The  Argonauts,'  is  even  more  mature 
than  any  of  her  previous  efforts." 

Other  works  of  fiction  are  "  The  Homeless 
Race,"  by  Mr.  S.  Zeromski ;  "  Risztau  "  and 
"  The  Abyss  of  Misery,"  by  Mr.  W.  Sieros- 
zewski ;  "  The  Eye  of  the  Prophet,"  by  Mr, 
W.  Lozinski;  "For  a  Million,"  by  Mr.  A. 
Gruszecki ;  "  Letters  of  a  Madman,"  by  Mr. 
A.  Niemojewski ;  and  "  The  Forest,"  by  Mr. 
W.  Zmudski.  The  leader  of  the  moderns, 
"  Mr.  S.  Przybyszewski,  writes  his  poetry  in  prose,  and 
continues  the  practice  in  his  recent  effusions,  '  On  the 
Sea,'  '  In  the  Path  of  Souls,'  and  '  Androgyne,'  but  ex- 
cept to  the  initiated  he  remains  unintelligible  ;  the 
thought  in  his  works  loses  itself  in  dreamy  phantoms 
and  apocalyptic  phraseology.  There  is  nothing  of  im- 
portance in  the  way  of  drama.  There  are  some  new 
farces  and  some  plays  by  authors  of  no  repute,  who  have 
made  no  real  addition  to  the  literature  of  the  stage." 

The  recent  celebration  of  the  fifth  centenary 
of  the  University  of  Cracow  led  to  the  appear- 
ance of  several  works  in  the  history  of  Polish 
education.  A  "  History  of  Polish  Literature," 
in  six  volumes,  by  Mr.  P.  Chmielowski,  is  "  the 
first  work  of  the  kind  which  has  afforded  a 
synthetic  account  of  the  whole  of  our  litera- 
ture." Other  books  are  "  Literary  Criticism 
in  France,"  by  Mr.  E.  Przewoski ;  "  The  Devil 
in  Poetry,"  by  Mr.  J.  Matuszewski ;  "  St. 
Francis  of  Assisi,"  by  Mr.  E.  Porembowicz  ; 
and  "  Studies  and  Sketches  from  the  History 
of  Art  and  Civilization,"  by  Mr.  Sokolowski. 


92 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


Mr.  Constantine  Balmont  writes  of  literary 
Russia  in  somewhat  pessimistic  strain.  Although 
the  past  year  witnessed  the  Pushkin  centenary, 
"  There  did  not  appear  a  single  book  or  a  single  essay 
worthy  of  the  great  poet,  and  the  historical  date  which 
should  have  been  the  joyful  festival  of  a  great  people 
forms  another  ignominious  page  in  literary  chronicles." 

Count  Tolstoy's  "  Resurrection  "  has  been  the 
one  great  work  of  the  year. 

"  It  presents  a  remarkably  complicated  picture,  parts 
of  which  may  produce  a  frigid  impression  upon  the 
spectator,  or  even  shock  his  feelings,  but  it  is,  consid- 
ered as  a  whole,  a  magnificent  fresco  not  to  be  forgot- 
ten, and  unique.  It  is  impossible  to  express  any  deep 
regrets  that  Count  Leo  Tolstoi  has  not  openly  given 
himself  up  to  a  purely  artistic  impulse,  as  he  did  in  his 
Homerically  great  novels  '  Anna  Karenina  '  and  '  War 
and  Peace.'  But  in  spite  of  all  the  fatiguing  deficien- 
cies of  his  improving  and  sermonizing  manner,  the  new 
novel  shows  that  Tolstoi  even  now,  when  his  life  is 
drawing  to  a  close,  may  furnish  us  with  types  and 
create  effects  with  all  the  force  of  youth.  The  descrip- 
tion of  spring  at  the  beginning  of  the  novel;  the  de- 
scription of  the  maison  publique  and  the  fallen  women; 
the  description  of  the  malodorous  prison,  which  de- 
pressed even  the  attendants  in  it;  the  breaking  up  of 
the  ice;  the  autumnal  night  when  the  heroine  Katusha 
runs  after  the  train  in  which  Nekhludov,  who  has  de- 
ceived her,  is  departing;  the  various  scenes  of  convict 
life  —  all  these  are  pictures  such  as  show  an  artist  of 
the  first  rank  who  understands  how  to  be  responsive  to 
the  most  varying  demands." 

The  work  of  next  importance  in  the  year's  lit- 
erature is  "  Thomas  Gordeyev,"  a  novel  by 
Mr.  Maxim  Gorski. 

"  This  novel,  which  depicts  the  life  of  the  tradesmen 
who  live  about  the  Volga,  is  as  complete  and  finished 
as  a  lyrical  poem.  The  types  are  powerfully  drawn 
with  bold  strokes,  and  the  language  of  the  tradesmen, 
always  picturesque  and  incisive,  has  for  the  first  time 
in  Russia  found  its  artist." 

Mr.  Merezhovski  has  written  "  The  Resurrec- 
tion of  the  Gods,"  a  romance  having  Leonardo 
da  Vinci  for  its  hero. 

"  A  certain  change  is  perceptible  in  the  ordinary  life 
of  contemporary  Russian  singers,  owing  to  the  circum- 
stance that  a  poetical  club  has  been  established  at  St. 
Petersburg,  founded  by  Mr.  K.  K.  Sluchevski,  the  best 
of  living  Russian  poets;  and  a  company  for  the  publi- 
cation of  books,  called  the  « Scorpion,'  has  been  started 
at  Moscow,  around  which  the  younger  bards  have 
grouped  themselves." 

Important  new  editions  of  the  poets  Tiutchev 
and  Fet,  and  of  the  critic  Bielinski,  have  been 
published.  Among  works  of  scholarship  the 
following  should  be  mentioned :  "  Village 
Economy  in  Muscovy  in  the  Sixteenth  Cen- 
tury," by  Mr.  N.  Rozhkov ;  "  Aids  to  Lec- 
tures on  Russian  History,"  by  Mr.  B.  Kliu- 
chevski ;  "  The  Economic  Development  of 
Europe  Till  the  Rise  of  Capitalism,"  by  Mr. 
Maxim  Kovalevski ;  "  European  Novels  Dur- 


ing Two-Thirds  of  the  Nineteenth  Century," 
by  Mr.  P.  Boborikin  ;  and  "  The  Struggle  for 
Idealism,"  by  Mr.  A.  Volinski.  Generally 
speaking,  the  writer  thinks  that 
"The  season  just  closed  has  shown  more  life  than  that 
which  preceded  it.  The  inevitable  separation  between 
1  fathers '  and  '  children '  raises  the  temperature  of  jour- 
nalistic life.  Unfortunately  the  opponents  of  all  that  is 
new  in  literature,  seeing  almost  a  mortal  sin  in  the  crea- 
tion of  new  forms  of  poetical  production,  appear  to  be 
intellectually  flaccid,  and  greet  the  constant  struggle  of 
ideas  with  a  heap  of  interjections.  But  youth  must  be 
young,  and  no  amount  of  shrieks  can  prevent  us  from 
celebrating  our  poetical  May." 

Last  of  all  in  the  series  of  reports,  we  come 
to  Don  Rafael  Altamira's  account  of  Spanish 
literature. 

"  No  one,  it  may  be  assumed,  will  be  surprised  that 
after  the  disastrous  issue  of  the  struggle  in  Cuba  and 
the  Philippines  the  intellectual  classes  in  Spain  have  felt 
the  necessity  of  studying  plans  for  national  reorganiza- 
tion, and  have  been  led  to  consider  the  causes  of  our 
decline  and  our  inferiority  to  other  nations  and  the 
means  of  bringing  about  a  new  renascence.  Clearly, 
while  they  interest  the  nation  more  than  any  others, 
books  that  deal  with  these  questions  offer  to  foreigners 
valuable  sources  of  information  regarding  the  actual 
condition  of  our  commonwealth,  and  the  aspirations  of 
those  among  us  who  form,  or  may  form,  the  governing 
classes." 

"  El  Problema  Nacional,"  by  the  late  Macias 
Picavea,  makes 

"  A  truly  scientific  study  of  the  Spanish  people  and  the 
problems  before  it,  tracing  the  general  outlines  of  its 
innate  peculiarities  and  their  history,  and  analyzing  the 
influence  of  its  physical  condition,  and  especially  the 
causes  of  its  decline  and  also  the  remedies  for  them,  the 
chief  of  which  he  considers  to  be  popular  education." 

Other  works  in  this  field  are  "  La  Moral  de  la 
Derrota,"  by  Senor  Morote ;  "  Hacia  otra 
Espana,"  by  Senor  Maeztu  ;  "  Problemas  del 
Dia,"  by  Senor  Silio  ;  "  Del  Desastro  Nacional 
y  Sus  Consecuencias,"  by  Senor  Isern  ;  and 
"Los  Desastres  y  la  Regeneracion  de  Espana," 
by  Senor  Rodriguez  Martinez.  Addresses  upon 
this  subject  have  also  been  made,  and  after- 
wards printed,  by  the  author  of  the  present 
article,  by  Senor  Echegaray  and  by  Senora 
Bazan.  Works  of  erudition  are  mentioned  in 
great  numbers,  the  most  conspicuous  place 
being  given  to  the  Festschrift  inscribed  to 
Professor  Menendez  y  Pelayo,  and  containing 
fifty-seven  monographs  by  the  most  distin- 
guished Spanish  and  foreign  scholars.  Fiction 
is  illustrated  by  "Morsamor,"  by  Senor  Valera; 
three  new  "  Episodios  Nacionales,"  by  Senor 
Galdos ;  and  a  volume  of  stories  by  Senora 
Bazan.  In  poetry  and  the  drama  little  work 
of  any  consequence  has  appeared  during  the 
year. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


93 


0oks. 


Two  GREAT  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 
OF  ENGLAND.* 


The  term  Public  Schools,  in  English  usage 
as  distinct  from  American  usage,  denotes  boys' 
boarding-schools  that  fit  for  the  universities 
These  schools   are   established    upon    private 
foundations,  and  are  made  free  only  to  a  small 
number  of  day  scholars,  called  "  foundationers," 
in  the  town  in  which  they  are  situated.  Thus,  the 
public  school  is  merely  set  off  from  the  private 
tutor,  as  when  Thomas  Arnold  writes  that  his 
experience  "  seems  to  point  out  no  one  plan  of 
education  as  decidedly  the  best ;  it  only  says 
that  public  education  is  the  best  when  it  an- 
swers.   A  very  good  private  tutor  would  tempt 
one  to  try  private  education  ;  or  a  very  good 
public  school,  with  connections  with  the  boys  at 
it,  might  induce  one  to  venture  upon  public." 
The  stories  of  two  of  these  great  English  pub- 
lic schools  —  Rugby  and  Charterhouse  —  form 
the  subjects  of  two  excellent  volumes  of  a  series 
which  is  to  cover  the  whole  system  of  the  lead- 
ing public  schools  of  England.  Rugby  is  treated 
by  the  Assistant  Master,  Mr.  H.  C.  Bradby, 
who  has,  while  confessedly  giving  nothing  new, 
compiled  the  main  facts  into  a  useful  sketch. 
Rugby  School  was  founded  in  1567,  "  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  will  of  Lawrence  Sheriffe, 
citizen  and  grocer  of  London,"  to  be  a  free 
school  "  chiefly  for  the  children  of  Rugby  and 
Brownsover."    For  the  first  century  of  its  life  it 
had  but  a  precarious  existence ;  but  with  Henry 
Holyoake,  who  held  the  head  mastership  for 
forty-three  years,  from  1687  to  1731,  it  began 
a  vigorous   career.      Thomas  James,   Henry 
Ingles,  and  John  Wooll  were  successors  of 
note.    Of  the  last  named  it  is  recorded  that  he 
"  did  not  forget  Solomon's  precept,  and  we  read 
of  one  occasion  when  in  the  extraordinarily  short 
space  of  fifteen  minutes  he  flogged  the  whole  of 
a  form  of  thirty-eight  boys,  who  had  thought 
fit  to  put  a  stop  to  a  lesson  by  the  simple  expe- 
dient of  going  away." 

After  this  redoubtable  flogger  came  the 
greatest  of  all  masters,  Thomas  Arnold. 

"  What  Arnold  did  for  public  schools  was  to  alter  and 
expand,  to  a  degree  which  amounted  to  a  revolution, 
the  aims  and  objects  which  these  institutions  set  before 

*  RUGBY.  By  H.  C.  Bradby,  B.A.  Illustrated.  "Hand- 
books to  the  Great  Public  Schools."  New  York:  The 
Macmillan  Co. 

CHARTERHOUSE.  By  A.  H.  Tod,  M.A.  Illustrated. 
"Handbooks  to  the  Great  Public  Schools."  New  York: 
The  Macmillan  Co. 


themselves.     Before  his  time  the  avowed  object  of  the 
public  schools  was  to  impart  learning;  systems  and 
discipline  were  subservient  to  this  end,  and  though  inci- 
dentally they  had  other  effects,  their  main  object  was  to 
render  learning  possible  and  effective;  if  this  object  was 
attained  their  work  was  done,  and  they  were  judged  by 
their  success  or  failure  in  this  respect.     Arnold  took  a 
much  broader  view  of  the  objects  of  education;  while 
deeply  impressed  with  the  importance  of  learning,  he 
realized  that  it  was  only  a  part  of  education,  and  that 
the  great  end  and  aim  of  education  was  the  formation  of 
character.   This  was  the  great  object  which  was  to  domi- 
nate all  others:  to  this  end  learning  and  everything  else 
must  be  subservient.     The  ideal  which  he  set  before 
himself  was  to  train  boys  to  become  not  merely  scholars 
but  Christian  gentlemen.  .  .  .  He  accepted  the   two 
great  features  of  English  public  schools,  the  liberty 
allowed  to  all,  and  the  power  exercised  by  the  senior 
over  the  junior  boys;  but  he  bent  all  his  energies  to 
bring  it  about  that  the  liberty  should  not  be  mere 
license,  and  that  the  power  should  be  exercised  for 
good  and  not  for  evil,  as  had  been  too  often  the  case. 
.  .  .  Arnold's  greatness  and  his  success  lay  in  the  fact 
that  he  did  inspire  a  very  large  proportion  of  boys 
placed  in  authority  with  something  of  his  own  spirit  of 
duty,  and  that  in  the  minds  even  of  boys  who  did  not 
come  into  personal  contact  with  him  he  implanted  a 
feeling  of  their  responsibility  as  members  of  a  great 
society.    In  this  way  he  did  succeed  in  showing  what  a 
public  school,  in  spite  of  its  imperfections,  « might,'  to 
use  his  own  phrase, '  and  ought  to  be.'   He  did  succeed 
in  rousing  people  to  the  fact  that  the  aim  of  education 
was  not  merely  to  stimulate  the  intellectual  faculties 
but  the  moral  faculties  as  well,  that  the  great  object  to 
be  pursued  was  the  formation  of  character.    In  this  he 
was  a  pioneer,  and  his  example  soon  had  great  results." 

The  most  noted  men  of  letters  who  have 
come  from  Rugby  are  Walter  Savage  Landor, 
A.  H.  Clough,  and  Matthew  Arnold.  Lander's 
independent  and  fiery  personality  displayed 
itself  at  Rugby  as  in  all  his  later  life.  When 
the  head  master  knocked  at  his  door,  his  only 
reply  was,  "  Get  thee  hence,  Satan  !  "  and  "  it 
was  for  writing  scurrillous  verses  in  the  head 
master's  album  that  that  strange  genius  had 
finally  to  be  removed."  Lander's  name  is 
linked  with  Rugby  by  the  lines  on  «'  The  Swift 
joining  the  Avon,"  just  as  Arnold's  is  by  his 
great  poem  on  "  Rugby  Chapel."  Thomas 
Hughes,  who  has  been  described  as  "  the  incar- 
nation of  the  highest  form  of  the  British  school- 
boy, the  best  type  of  the  character  of  the  school 
which  moulded  him,"  has  immortalized  Rugby 
scenes  in  "  Tom  Brown's  Schooldays." 

The  second  chapter  of  this  book  gives  a 
detailed  description  of  the  buildings  and 
grounds.  A  large  and  well-equipped  art  mu- 
seum is  an  unusual  feature  in  a  boy's  school, 
but  it  seems  very  serviceable  at  Rugby.  The 
third  chapter  gives  a  brief  account  of  the  work 
of  the  school,  while  the  fourth  is  devoted  to 
societies,  games,  etc.  Several  pages  are  given 


94 


THE    DIAL, 


[Aug  16, 


to  football,  and  we  note  that  this  game  is  "  com- 
pulsory for  all  below  the  Sixth  who  have  not 
got  a  medical  certificate  of  unfitness." 

Charterhouse,  though  not  so  familiar  a  name 
as  Rugby,  is  one  of  the  great  and  venerable 
English  public  schools.  It  dates  from  1609, 
and  was  founded  by  Thomas  Sutton,  a  banker 
of  London.  The  name  Charterhouse  is  a  cor- 
rupt form  of  "  Chartreuse,"  it  being  situated 
on  the  site  of  "  L'Abbaye  Chartreuse "  at 
Smithfield  ;  and  hence  the  name  Charterhouse 
is  properly  spelled  as  one  word,  and  members 
of  the  school  are  known  as  "  Carthusians." 
By  the  Chantry  Acts  of  Henry  VIII.  and 
Edward  VI.,  a  large  number  of  grammar 
schools  where  Latin  had  been  taught  were 
done  away  with. 

"  Now  Latin  was  then  the  universal  language  of  in- 
ternational commerce.  Knowledge  of  Latin  at  that 
time  was  as  necessary  for  foreign  commerce  as  a 
knowledge  of  French  and  German  is  now.  Sutton,  a 
man  of  business  in  many  lands,  must  have  felt  that  his 
countrymen,  who  were  losing  their  Latin,  were  at  a 
disadvantage  in  commerce,  —  just  as  boys  who  neglect 
modern  languages  are  at  the  present  time.  So  in 
founding  a  grammar  school  Sutton  was  founding  the 
equivalent  of  a  modern  technical  school." 

Charterhouse  cannot  count  so  distinguished 
a  line  of  masters  as  Rugby.  One  of  the  early 
masters,  Robert  Brooke,  "  was  ejected  for  flog- 
ging boys  who  did  not  share  his  political 
views."  Dr.  Russell,  who  was  head  master  in 
the  early  part  of  this  century,  abolished  flog- 
ging, and  substituted  fines,  to  the  indignation 
of  the  boys  who  regarded  flogging  "  as  very 
gentlemanly,  but  fines  most  ungentlemanly." 
The  rebellion  against  fines  was  so  fierce  that 
Dr.  Russell  re-adopted  flogging,  and  one  of  the 
students  of  the  times  writes  that  on  the  day 
when  fines  were  abolished,  "  when  we  all 
walked  into  school  together,  we  found  a  per- 
fect forest  of  birch  rods,  and  I  should  think 
that  the  whole  school-time  of  two  hours  was 
expended  in  the  use  and  application  of  them!" 
The  rod  is  now  rarely  used  at  Charterhouse. 
In  the  realm  of  letters,  Thackeray  was  the 
most  distinguished  son  of  Charterhouse,  and 
he  shows  in  his  writings  a  devoted  attachment 
to  the  school. 

In  1872  Charterhouse  was  removed  from 
London  to  new  buildings  at  Godalming.  Chap- 
ter II.  of  the  volume  devoted  to  this  school  is 
an  illustrated  description  of  the  "  New  Char- 
terhouse." Chapters  III.- VIII.  give  accounts 
of  the  varied  life  there,  work,  plays,  discipline, 
manners,  prizes,  expenses,  etc.  Charterhouse, 
like  other  public  schools,  has  been  greatly  hu- 


manized in  the  last  few  decades ;  legalized 
fighting  and  the  worse  forms  of  bullying  have 
been  suppressed,  and  the  power  of  the  monitor 
over  the  fag  has  been  restricted.  It  is  also 
notable  that  now  in  this  school,  where,  as  in 
other  schools,  athleticism  has  been  dominant, 
"  intellectual  pursuits  are  regarded  with  toler- 
ance ";  the  scholarly  boy  is  no  longer  subject 
to  constant  persecution.  Another  change  at 
Charterhouse  is  one  which  does  not  meet  with 
the  unlimited  approval  of  the  author  —  namely, 
the  mapping  out  of  the  boy's  leisure  time  by 
set  games  and  entertainments,  so  that  he  no 
longer  has  time  fully  to  himself  to  act  upon  his 
own  initiative. 

"There  does  appear  a  distinct  danger  of  public 
schools  becoming  more  and  more  what  they  are  some- 
times said  to  be,  '  the  home  of  the  commonplace.' 
Hitherto  their  tradition  has  been  to  encourage  manliness, 
self-reliance,  independence,  and  a  high  sense  of  duty; 
the  monitorial  system  taught  all,  first  how  to  obey,  and 
afterwards  how  to  command,  while  the  unrestricted 
life  fostered  originality  and  self-reliance.  What  will 
be  the  results  of  the  present  method,  time  must  show." 

These  little  handbooks  are  compends  of  in- 
formation, and  are  presumably  meant  more  to 
be  consulted  than  to  be  read.  However,  they 
are  clearly  written  and  well  illustrated,  and 
will  be  of  considerable  interest  to  the  general 
reader,  and  of  special  interest  to  the  educator, 
the  tourist,  the  alumnus,  and  the  patron. 

H.  M.  STANLEY. 


A   TRANSITION   PERIOD 
AMERICAN  HISTORY.* 


The  years  which  intervened  between  the 
second  term  of  President  Monroe  and  the  tri- 
umph of  "  the  people  "  in  the  election  of  their 
favorite  Andrew  Jackson  were  years  marked  by 
many  changes  in  the  political,  social,  industrial, 
and  intellectual  life  of  the  United  States.  The 
departure  from  the  scene,  with  the  passing  of 
Monroe,  of  the  generation  which  had  been  influ- 
ential in  the  revolutionary  movements,  and  the 
incoming  of  a  new  stock  of  voters,  many  of 
them  born  "  since  the  war,"  were  accompanied 
by  a  corresponding  shifting  of  ideas  which  made 
the  "  era  of  good  feelings  "  notable  for  the  nu- 
merous revolutions  effected  in  thought  and  life. 

The  fifth  volume  of  Mr.  McMaster's  "  His- 
tory of  the  People  of  the  United  States  "  is 
largely  given  to  an  examination  of  these  revo- 

*A  HISTORY  OF  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 
from  the  Revolution  to  the  Civil  War.  By  John  Bach 
McMaster.  In  seven  volumes.  Volume  V.,  1821-1830.  New 
York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


95 


lutions.  After  some  consideration  of  the  pre- 
liminary questions  that  later  became  important 
in  the  settlement  of  the  Texas  and  Oregon 
problems,  an  extended  chapter  deals  with  the 
Monroe  Doctrine,  tracing  its  history  up  to  the 
time  when  it  was  formulated  by  the  President 
whose  name  it  bears,  the  occasion  which  called 
it  forth  being  indicated  at  length.  The  history 
of  the  Holy  Alliance  is  so  related  as  to  show 
how  a  "  meaningless  pledge  "  of  1815,  framed 
in  a  moment  of  religious  excitement,  led  the 
allied  rulers  into  a  position  where  they  were 
forced  to  oppose  all  popular  government,  until 
at  Aix-la-Chapelle  in  1818  they  became  organ- 
ized into  a  mutual  association  for  the  insurance 
of  monarchy.  This  chapter  is  a  fair  type  of 
the  volume,  which  is  largely  taken  up  with 
essays  descriptive  of  the  development  of  ideas 
in  the  United  States,  essays  on  Socialistic  and 
Labor  Reforms,  on  the  Negro  Problem,  the 
Industrial  Revolution,  Early  Literature,  Brit- 
ish Criticism  of  the  United  States,  the  Com- 
mon School  in  the  First  Half  Century,  and 
Political  Ideas  in  the  First  Half  Century. 
These  essays  lead  up  to  the  surprisingly  rapid 
changes  of  the  period  under  consideration,  and 
in  many  instances  the  interplay  of  forces  is 
admirably,  if  perhaps  unconsciously,  indicated. 
The  account  is  very  interesting  of  the  agitation 
by  laboring  men  for  a  shorter  day,  of  the  influ- 
ence upon  labor  and  society  of  the  invention 
and  introduction  of  labor-saving  machinery,  of 
the  preaching  of  doctrines  of  social  betterment 
with  the  accompaniment  of  the  formation  of 
communities  for  the  working  out  of  theories. 
Men  are  taught  the  wisdom  of  cutting  loose 
from  old  party  ties,  and  the  attractiveness  of 
the  anti-masonic  party  is  in  a  measure  under- 
stood as  people  look  to  see  the  new  leader  or 
the  most  likely  new  theory. 

The  beginnings  of  the  importance  of  urban 
life  are  noted  in  such  striking  paragraphs  as  this : 

"  At  New  York,  now  the  metropolis  of  the  country, 
the  growth  of  the  city  was  astonishing  to  its  own  citi- 
zens. The  population  numbered  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
two  thousand,  an  increase  of  forty  thousand  in  five 
years.  To  keep  pace  with  such  an  inpouring  of  strang- 
ers was  hardly  possible.  More  than  three  thousand 
buildings  were  under  way  in  1825,  yet  such  was  the 
press  that  not  an  unoccupied  dwelling  house  existed  in 
the  entire  city,  and  it  was  quite  common  to  see  families 
living  in  houses  with  unfinished  floors,  with  windows 
destitute  of  sashes,  and  in  which  the  carpenters  had  not 
hung  a  single  door.  Nor  was  this  an  accident.  Year 
after  year  the  same  thing  occurred,  and  on  one  first  of 
May  —  the  great '  moving  day  ' —  three  hundred  home- 
less people  gathered  in  the  park  with  their  household 
goods  and  were  lodged  in  the  jail  till  the  houses  they 
had  rented  were  finished  and  made  habitable." 


The  same  activity  was  indicated  in  business 
circles  as  in  domestic. 

"  Five  hundred  new  mercantile  houses  were  said  to 
have  been  established  in  the  city  in  the  early  months  of 
1825,  a  statement  well  borne  out  by  the  crowded  con- 
dition of  the  mercantile  newspapers.  The  '  Gazette '  in 
seven  days  contained  1,115  new  advertisements,  and  in 
one  issue,  a  week  later,  printed  213,  and  stated  that  23 
others  were  left  out  for  want  of  space." 

The  lack  of  preparation  of  the  people  for  the 
rapid  changes  can  hardly  be  better  indicated 
than  by  mention  of  a  newspaper  which  would 
let  twenty-three  advertisements  escape  it  be- 
cause of  "  want  of  space."  As  another  indica- 
tion, it  may  be  mentioned  that  of  the  three 
thousand  dwellings  reported  as  building  in 
1825,  it  is  related  that,  "  Most  of  these  houses 
were  built  by  speculators,  and  were  erected  so 
cheaply  and  hastily  that  several  fell  down  while 
in  course  of  construction ;  others  were  torn 
down  by  order  of  the  authorities." 

The  attempts  of  the  citizens  to  wrestle  with 
the  new  problems  of  city  life  naturally  were 
extremely  faulty.  The  cleaning  of  the  streets, 
the  protection  from  fire  and  from  evil  doers, 
the  lighting  of  streets  and  houses,  caused  the 
residents  of  the  new  cities  just  as  much  trouble 
as  they  do  people  of  to-day,  and,  as  presented 
by  Mr.  McMaster,  stand  in  suggestive  opposi- 
tion to  the  difficulties  of  rural  life,  where  vast 
sums  were  spent  in  schemes  for  the  improve- 
ment of  transportation,  and  thousands  of  dollars 
were  buried  in  connection  with  efforts  to  solve 
problems  in  which  highway  and  canal  and  rail- 
road figured  largely.  The  questions  of  the 
city  and  the  country  differed  materially,  but  in 
each  place  the  same  characteristics  marked  the 
period,  —  the  temptation  to  deal  in  futures,  a 
wild  rush  for  speculation,  an  abundance  of 
cheap  money,  social  distress,  relief  laws,  then  a 
gradual  settling  down  on  a  firmer  and  steadier 
basis. 

The  changes  which  were  taking  place  in 
political  ideas  were  as  numerous  and  as  marked 
as  those  in  the  field  of  social  life.  New  and 
more  liberal  constitutions  were  adopted,  grant- 
ing a  wider  suffrage  and  more  generous  privi- 
leges. Ideas  advanced  in  theory  as  part  of 
the  revolutionary  movement  became  realized  in 
fact.  A  number  of  perplexing  and  puzzling 
problems  presented  themselves  for  solution, — 
the  status  of  the  free  negro,  the  quieting  of 
Indian  titles  (notably  in  Georgia),  the  ever 
important  matter  of  slavery  extension,  the  ac- 
tual working  of  tariff  provisions.  Put  these 
with  an  occasional  diplomatic  question,  —  the 
Panama  Congress,  the  settlement  of  the  dis- 


96 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


puted  Maine  boundary,  the  future  of  Oregon, 
the  possibilities  in  the  direction  of  Texas, — 
and  one  has  the  panorama  passing  before  him, 
which  Mr.  McMaster  has  successfully  de- 
scribed. 

The  political  history  in  the  volume  is  com- 
paratively unimportant.  The  discussion  of  the 
problems  mentioned  everywhere  dominates. 
But  a  word  must  be  said  of  the  account  of  the 
development  of  the  "Jackson  men,"  and  the 
attractiveness  of  the  study  of  the  machinery  of 
popular  elections  which  was  being  formed  in 
opposition  to  the  congressional  caucus.  Why 
it  was  that  Jackson  had  such  a  hold  upon  the 
common  people  will  certainly  be  clearer  to 
anyone  after  reading  Mr.  McMaster's  story. 

In  mechanical  construction  this  volume, 
which  is  the  smallest  of  the  five  in  the  series, 
reveals  the  haste  in  which  it  was  printed,  a 
haste  which  is  apparent  notwithstanding  the 
length  of  time  of  the  publishers'  preliminary 
announcements  of  "  ready  soon "  and  "  in 
press,"  promises  for  whose  fulfilment  eager 
students  waited  long.  Careful  proof-reading 
would  have  prevented  such  mistakes  as  "  Nile's 
Register"  (p.  7),  "$3,720  dollars"  (p.  24), 
"Washinton"  (p.  24),  "the  French  .  .  . 
•was  about  to  invade  and  seize  Cuba"  (p.  53). 
A  little  care  might  have  avoided  anachronisms 
in  maps,  as  in  the  one  on  page  121,  where  the 
United  States  in  1826  is  shown  with  one  of  the 
lines  marked  "confirmed  by  Mexico  in  1828." 
The  same  map  indicates  the  line  of  54°  40 '  as 
being  quite  a  distance  north  of  the  line  of  55°. 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee  are  given  place,  and 
some  names  of  places  important  in  early  his- 
tory are  misspelled.  In  a  number  of  pages  the 
plates  are  faulty,  especially  in  the  foot-notes. 
FRANCIS  WAYLAND  SHEPARDSON. 


STUDIES  OF  THE  HUMAN  SPECIES.* 

For  a  long  time  no  new  books  of  serious 
character  dealing  with  the  Human  Races  were 
printed  in  English.  After  the  battle  over 
monogenistic  and  polygenistic  ideas,  giving  rise 
to  such  books  as  Nott  and  Gliddon's  works  and 
Knox'  "  On  Race,"  the  only  serviceable  work 
was  Peschel's  "  Races  of  Men."  The  long 
silence  was  broken  by  Brinton's  "  Races  and 
Peoples,"  which  was  quickly  followed  by 
Keane's  "  Ethnology."  Then  Ratzel  was  given 
an  English  dress,  and  recently  three  highly 

*THE  RACES  OF  MAN.    By  J.  Deniker.    London :  Walter 
Scott.     (Imported  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.) 


important  books  have  appeared,  Keane's  "  Man, 
Past  and  Present,"  Ripley's  "  Races  of  Europe," 
and  the  book  before  us,  Deniker's  "  Races  of 
Man."  The  author  is  Librarian  at  the  Museum 
of  Natural  History  in  Paris,  and  has  long 
been  prominent  in  the  anthropological  work  of 
France. 

The  alternative  title,  "  An  Outline  of  An- 
thropology and  Ethnology,"  gives  a  fair  idea  of 
the  scope  of  the  work.  The  first  seven  chap- 
ters study  the  characters  investigated  by  an- 
thropologists—  the  Somatic  (Morphological, 
Physiological,  and  Pathological),  the  Ethnic 
(including  Linguistic),  and  Sociological  (Ma- 
terial Life,  Psychic  Life,  Family  Life,  and 
Social  Life)  characters.  Attention  is  then 
turned  to  Systematic  Ethnology.  In  one  chapter 
the  matter  of  Classification  of  Races  and  Peo- 
ples is  presented.  The  method  of  defining  races 
by  the  synthesis  of  a  few  fundamental  somato- 
logical  characters,  carefully  examined  and 
traced  out  through  humanity,  was  first  fully 
carried  out  by  Topinard,  who  thus  defined  nine- 
teen original  races.  Deniker  pursues  the  same 
method,  but  makes  out  and  names  twenty-nine 
races.  These  are  succinctly  described.  In 
grouping  these  in  a  table,  the  author  considers 
the  hair  as  a  fundamental  character  for  sub- 
division purposes  and  recognizes  six  groups : 

(A)  Woolly  hair,  broad  nose  (four  types)  ; 

(B)  Curly  hair  or  wavy  (four  types)  ;  (C) 
Wavy  brown  or  black  hair,  dark  eyes  (seven 
types)  ;  (D)  Fair,  wavy  or  straight  hair,  light 
eyes  (two  types)  ;  (E)  Straight  or  wavy  hair, 
dark,  black  eyes  (four  types)  ;  (F)  Straight 
hair  (eight  types).     These  twenty-nine  race- 
types,  when  grouped  to  show  relationship,  give 
rise  to  some  seventeen  new  groups  which  are 
characterized  and  then  rather  unsatisfactorily 
arranged  in  a  two-dimension  tabulation. 

The  author  next  examines  the  distribution  of 
these  races  and  groups,  taking  up  five  great 
world  divisions  in  the  following  order :  Europe, 
Asia,  Africa,  Oceania,  America.  He  is  every- 
where exact  and  rigid,  laying  down  hard  and 
fast  lines.  There  is  no  doubt  or  uncertainty  in 
his  statements,  no  controversies  or  difficulties. 
Here  we  have  such  and  such  types,  pure  or 
unmixed ;  there  we  find  such  and  such  a  com- 
bination. The  author  is  undoubtedly  too  arbi- 
trary, yet  some  degree  of  arbitrariness  is  inher- 
ent in  the  nature  of  such  a  treatise.  It  is  best, 
perhaps,  to  admit  his  assumptions ;  but  we  ought 
always  to  remember  that  all  types  have  not  yet 
been  finally  marked  out,  and  that  many  conclu- 
sions here  presented  will  surely  be  modified. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


97 


It  is  fair  to  say,  however,  that  the  author  has 
read  widely  and  has  carefully  weighed  his 
reading. 

Interest  naturally  centres  in  Deniker's  treat- 
ment of  the  populations  of  Europe,  a  subject 
which  has  engaged  his  attention  for  years,  and 
upon  which  he  is  high  authority.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  Dr.  Ripley,  whose  book  we 
recently  noticed  in  these  columns,  claimed  but 
three  European  types — Mediterranean,  Alpine, 
Teutonic.  It  was  a  view  ideally  simple  and 
attractive.  Deniker  recognizes  six  principal 
and  four  secondary  races.  Two  of  his  six 
principal  races  are  fair-haired,  four  are  dark- 
haired.  The  six  principal  races  are  the 
Northern,  Eastern,  Ibero-insular,  Western  or 
Cevenole,  Littoral  or  Atlanto-Mediterranean, 
Adriatic  or  Dinaric.  Each  of  these  is  described 
and  the  influence  of  each  in  the  present  popu- 
lations examined.  On  the  whole,  without 
claiming  for  it  inerrancy,  Deniker's  classifica- 
tion better  suits  us  than  Ripley's.  In  his  dis- 
cussion of  each  world  district,  the  author  first 
presents  an  outline  of  the  prehistoric  evidence 
regarding  past  populations,  and  then  discusses 
those  of  the  present. 

We  always  read,  with  great  satisfaction,  the 
discussions,  in  these  general  treatises,  of  those 
areas  with  which  we  are  least  familiar.  It  is 
only  when  we  read  those  dealing  with  ground 
most  familiar  to  us  that  we  become  doubtful 
and  hesitant.  Where  in  the  large  list  of  Eu- 
ropean writers  have  we  a  discussion  of  American 
ethnologic  problems  that  is  half-way  satisfac- 
tory ?  Peschel  fell  far  short.  Eatzel,  Schmidt, 
Keane,  Nadaillac,  always  just  fail  to  grasp  re- 
lations and  bearings.  Deniker  does  little  better. 
The  realization  of  this  failure  in  the  field  we 
best  know  always  leaves  a  haunting  dread  lest 
other  fields  may  be  as  bad.  Let  us  hope  not. 

A  word  of  criticism  must  be  made  either  of 
the  translator  or  proof-reader  of  this  book. 
The  statement  that  there  are  but  two  thousand 
Livonians  is  almost  as  startling  as  that  the 
English  lung  capacity  is  3.7  cubic  metres.  One 
of  the  best  features  of  the  book  is  its  series  of 
tables  of  measurements ;  but  unless  their  proof- 
reading has  been  done  with  great  care  their 

value  is  gone.  -c,  0 

1  REDBRICK  STARR. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS  are  being  collected  throughout  Poland 
for  the  presentation  of  a  jubilee  gift  to  Mr.  Henryk 
Sienkiewicz.  The  presentation  is  to  be  made  in  Novem- 
ber next,  and  it  is  sanguinely  expected  that  sufficient 
money  will  be  subscribed  to  purchase  a  country  estate 
for  the  famous  novelist. 


RECENT  BOOKS  ON  EDUCATION.* 

Perhaps  the  most  significant  of  the  recent  an- 
nouncements of  educational  publications  is  that  of 
the  "  Teacher's  Professional  Library,"  edited  by 
Dr.  Nicholas  Murray  Butler  and  published  by  the 
Macmillan  Company.  The  published  list  contains 
books  on  the  various  studies  of  the  secondary  schools, 
to  be  written  by  favorably  known  teachers.  That  the 
editor  and  publishers  should  venture  on  so  extensive 
an  enterprise  speaks  well  for  the  educational  intelli- 
gence and  interest  of  the  country,  at  least  as  these 
gentlemen  view  matters.  They  evidently  expect 
teachers  and  scholars  to  respond  liberally  to  their 
enterprise,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  they  will  do  so. 
It  fell  to  the  lot  of  Dr.  D.  E.  Smith,  of  the  Brockport, 
N.  Y.,  Normal  School,  to  open  the  series,  which  he 
has  done  in  a  commendable  way  in  his  "  Teaching  of 
Elementary  Mathematics."  If  the  opinion  which  is 
held  in  some  quarters  to  the  effect  that  of  late  the 
teaching  of  mathematics  has  suffered  in  the  atten- 
tion that  it  has  received  in  comparison  with  some 
other  subjects,  this  volume  will  do  something  to  re- 
dress the  balance.  Again,  one  of  the  serious  educa- 
tional questions  of  the  time  is,  What  parts  of  math- 
ematics shall  be  taught  in  the  elementary  schools? 
One  of  the  merits  of  the  book  is  that  it  will  help  to 
find  a  practical  answer  to  this  question.  For  ex- 
ample, Dr.  Smith's  criticisms  on  the  current  arith- 
metic and  suggestions  of  reform  are  thoroughly 
sensible  and  judicious.  The  author  considers  his 
three  main  subjects,  arithmetic,  algebra,  and  geom- 
etry, under  the  four  aspects :  nature  of  the  study, 
educational  value,  history,  and  method,  handling 
them  in  a  manner  that  the  great  majority  of  teach- 


*THB  TEACHING  OF  ELEMENTARY  MATHEMATICS.  By 
David  Eugene  Smith,  Principal  of  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Brockport,  N.  Y.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

PUBLIC  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  IN  BALTIMORE.  By  H.  B. 
Adams.  Baltimore :  The  Johns  Hopkins  Press. 

THE  SCHOOL  AND  SOCIETY.  By  John  Dewey,  Professor  of 
Pedagogy  in  the  University  of  Chicago.  Supplemented  by  a 
statement  of  the  University  Elementary  School.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Press. 

THE  ETHICAL  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  :  A  Scheme  for  the  Moral 
Instruction  of  the  Young.  By  Walter  L.  Sheldon.  New  York : 
The  Macmillan  Co. 

EDUCATIONAL  AIMS  AND  METHODS  :  Lectures  and  Ad- 
dresses. By  Sir  Joshua  Fitch.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

AMERICAN  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  :  History  and  Pedagogics.  By 
John  Sweet.  Chicago :  The  American  Book  Co. 

THE  MAKING  OF  CHARACTER  :  Some  Educational  Aspects 
of  Ethics.  By  John  MacCunn,  Professor  of  Philosophy  in 
University  College,  Liverpool.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

READING  :  How  to  Teach  It.  By  Sarah  Louise  Arnold. 
Boston :  Silver,  Burdett  &  Co. 

THE  SECONDARY  SCHOOL  SYSTEM  OF  GERMANY.  By 
Frederick  E.  Bolton.  New  York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

HISTORY  OF  EDUCATION.  By  Levi  Seeley.  Chicago :  The 
American  Book  Co. 

THE  LOGICAL  BASIS  OF  EDUCATION.  By  J.  Welton.  New 
York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

ADVANCED  ELEMENTARY  SCIENCE.  By  Edward  Howe. 
New  York  :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

THE  NERVOUS  SYSTEM  OF  THE  CHILD.  By  Francis  Warner. 
New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


98 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


ers  for  whom  the  book  is  intended  cannot  fail  to 
find  illuminating  and  helpful.  Our  severest  criti- 
cism of  the  book  is  that  the  author  has  not  always 
distributed  his  matter  in  as  clear  and  logical  a  way 
as  he  might  have  done.  The  mechanical  make-up 
and  appearance  of  the  volume  are  excellent. 

Professor  H.  B.  Adams  gives  in  "  Public  Educa- 
tional Work  in  Baltimore  "  an  interesting  account 
of  such  work  done  since  1876  by  or  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University.  It  is  a 
good  contribution  to  the  literature  of  University 
Extension,  although  the  work  that  is  treated  has 
not  always,  or  generally,  borne  that  name.  A  be- 
ginning was  made  before  University  Extension  had 
been  introduced  into  the  country ;  moreover,  the 
claim  is  made  that  the  first  conscious  attempt  to 
introduce  English  university  methods  into  this  coun- 
try were  made  in  1887  by  individuals  connected  with 
Johns  Hopkins.  The  monograph  closes  with  an  inter- 
esting but  rather  strained  attempt  to  find  educational 
meaning  in  Washington's  relations  to  Baltimore. 

When  the  first  reports  of  the  University  Ele- 
mentary School  of  Chicago  reached  the  outside 
world,  they  were  not  taken  seriously  save  by  isolated 
persons  here  and  there.  It  was  not  anticipated  by 
teachers  and  educators  generally  that  the  school 
would  last  long,  or  that  it  would  teach  any  important 
lessons,  save  one  very  old  lesson  that  has  been  so 
many  times  repeated  that  an  additional  repetition 
can  hardly  make  it  more  impressive.  But  to  the 
surprise  of  persons  holding  this  view,  the  school  has 
lived  on  until  it  is  now  in  its  fourth  year,  and  has 
more  eyes  fixed  upon  it  to-day,  undoubtedly,  than 
any  other  elementary  school  in  the  country.  This 
fact  must  be  admitted,  but  just  what  may  be  its 
significance  is  a  question  that  would  call  out  a 
diversity  of  answers.  In  our  view  its  meaning  will 
be  found  in  large  part,  but  not  wholly,  in  current 
dissatisfaction  with  our  conventional  common  school 
education,  and  desire  to  find  something  better. 
Although  considerable  has  been  written  about  this 
school,  we  have  not  had  hitherto  an  authorized 
statement  of  its  aims  and  methods.  This  lack  is 
now  supplied  by  Professor  Dewey,  the  author  of  the 
school,  in  his  book  entitled  "  The  School  and  So- 
ciety." This  volume  consists  of  three  lectures  "  sup- 
plemented by  a  statement  of  the  University  school," 
the  whole  comprehending  but  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  pages.  But  small  as  it  is,  it  is  not 
impossible  that  the  book  will  come  to  hold  some 
such  prominence  among  the  pedagogical  books  of 
the  time  as  the  school  itself  is  now  holding  among 
the  schools  of  the  country.  The  central  ideas  of 
the  three  lectures  are  that  the  school  has  entirely 
failed  to  keep  pace  with  social  progress,  and  must 
be  readjusted  to  society ;  that,  owing  in  great  part 
to  this  failure,  the  school  has  fallen  out  of  relation 
to  the  life  of  the  child  and  must  in  some  way  be 
brought  back  into  such  relation,  and  that,  as  a  re- 
sult of  these  two  facts,  there  is  now  great  waste  in 
education  going  on.  Furthermore,  the  readjust- 
ment of  the  school  to  society  and  to  child-life  can- 


not be  effected  on  the  lines  of  reconstructed  scholas- 
ticism or  a  new  course  of  study,  but  must  be 
accomplished  on  the  lines  of  manual  training,  cook- 
ing, sewing,  drawing,  modelling,  and  the  other  "  fads 
and  frills  "  which  call  down  the  wrath  of  educational  , 
conservatives.  While  no  one  can  tell  what  the  future 
of  the  University  Elementary  School  may  be,  it  does 
not  require  much  foresight  to  see  that  it  can  never 
become  the  type  of  the  public  elementary  school :  its 
cost  and  the  delicacy  of  the  organization  make  this 
impossible.  But  it  would  be  a  great  mistake  to 
identify  the  fortunes  of  the  book  and  the  fortunes  of 
the  school.  The  book  has  virtue,  no  matter  what 
the  future  of  the  school  may  be.  It  is  to  be  hoped, 
therefore,  that  teachers  will  be  more  interested  in 
making  some  practical  application  of  this  virtue  to  the 
schools  of  the  country  than  in  watching  the  develop- 
ment of  the  little  institution  in  Chicago  that  was  the 
occasion  of  this  virtue  obtaining  literary  expression. 

It  was  perfectly  natural  that  the  promoters  of 
the  Ethical  Culture  movement  should  impress  the 
Sunday  school  into  their  service,  and  that  they 
should  begin  to  produce  a  Sunday  School  literature. 
Still,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  Mr.  Sheldon's  "  An 
Ethical  Sunday  School "  is  the  first  essay  in  that 
direction.  The  book  has,  however,  other  sources  of 
interest.  The  distinction  between  the  new  type  of 
school  and  the  old  one  is  thus  expressed : 

"  We  desire  that  all  that  sanctity  which  in  the  con- 
ventional Sunday  school  has  been  connected  with  the 
word  «  God  '  should  surround  the  thought  of  the  Moral 
Law.  It  is  the  Moral  Law  which  should  sanctify  the 
thought  of  God,  rather  than  the  thought  of  God  which 
should  sanctify  the  Moral  Law." 

We  are  told  further  that  the  aim  is  — 
"  To  associate  the  sentiments  belonging  to  the  Eternal, 
the  Infinite,  the  Absolute,  with  the  distinction  between 
right  and  wrong,  with  the  thought  of  the  Moral  Law, 
but  not  to  use  these  words  so  that  they  shall  become 
hackneyed  before  the  child-mind  has  begun  to  have  any 
conception  at  all  as  to  what  these  words  stand  for." 

We  do  not  propose  to  discuss  the  new  ideal,  or  even 
to  give  an  account  of  the  modus  by  which  it  is  pro- 
posed to  realize  it.  On  the  latter  point,  the  author 
tells  us  that  his  book  is  a  description  of  the  system 
of  Sunday  School  work  that  has  been  developed  in 
an  Ethical  Sunday  School  in  St.  Louis.  He  has 
evidently  devoted  much  time  and  thought  to  the 
subject,  and  his  work  may,  in  our  opinion,  be  read 
with  advantage  by  the  managers  and  teachers  of 
conventional  Sunday  Schools.  They  may  get  from 
it  some  useful  ideas  of  method  and  of  systematic 
instruction,  if  nothing  more.  For  ourselves,  we 
think  there  is  a  valuable  suggestion  in  the  statement : 
"We  undertake  to  develop  certain  tendencies  of 
thought  and  feeling  in  the  young,  or  to  develop  a  cer- 
tain attitude  of  mind  on  the  problems  of  life,  rather  than 
to  give  the  young  a  specific  knowledge  or  to  impart 
definite  beliefs  or  facts  of  scriptural  history." 

"  Educational  Aims  and  Methods,"  by  the  veteran 
English  educator,  Sir  Joshua  Fitch,  will  naturally 
attract  the  attention  of  the  better  class  of  American 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


teachers,  to  whom  he  is  so  favorably  known.  These 
teachers  will  desire  no  other  recommendation  of  the 
book  than  that  it  is,  in  a  sense,  supplementary  to 
the  author's  well-known  "  Lectures  on  Teaching," 
which  has  been  republished  by  more  than  one 
American  house.  The  volume  is  composed  of  lec- 
tures and  addresses  that  have  been  given  at  various 
times  within  the  last  few  years  before  different 
audiences  in  England  and  America.  These  dis- 
courses treat  of  miscellaneous  subjects,  so  that  the 
book  has  no  distinct  centre  of  unity.  The  subjects 
dealt  with  lie  in  "  the  borderland  "  which  "  separates 
the  corporate  life  of  the  school  from  the  larger  life 
of  the  family  and  the  community,"  as  Sir  Joshua 
puts  it,  and  are  all  interesting  and  important.  The 
book  contains  fifteen  lectures  and  addresses. 

That  veteran  educator  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  Mr. 
John  Sweet,  has  made  a  useful  contribution  to  the 
literature  of  the  profession  that  he  has  honored,  in 
"  American  Public  Schools."  The  peculiar  feature 
of  the  book  is  that  it  is  made  up  in  something  like 
equal  measure  of  history  and  pedagogics ;  a  combi- 
nation for  which,  in  the  case  of  the  great  majority 
of  teachers,  much  can  be  said.  To  this  class  of 
persons  the  volume  may  be  strongly  recommended. 

Professor  MacCunn's  "  The  Making  of  Charac- 
ter "  is  a  valuable  addition  to  the  literature  of  moral 
training.  The  book  covers  a  wide  field  of  topics, 
and  covers  it  well  and  wisely.  Incalculably  more 
valuable  than  intellectual  training,  moral  training, 
in  its  nature,  processes,  and  methods,  if  not  in  its 
results,  is  yet  much  less  understood.  There  is, 
indeed,  an  extensive  literature  of  moral  counsel  and 
exhortation,  some  of  it  of  great  value ;  but  there  is 
a  great  lack  of  a  body  of  definite  and  practical  teach- 
ing, or  a  moral  pedagogy,  that  teachers  can  use. 
This  book  is  not  just  the  book  that  is  most  needed, 
but  it  will  do  something  to  supply  that  need.  It 
abounds  in  quotable  passages. 

"  Reading :  How  to  Teach  It,"  by  Sarah  Louise 
Arnold,  Supervisor  of  Schools  of  Boston,  Mass.,  is 
one  of  the  most  attractive  and  sensible  books  that 
has  appeared  on  the  subject  in  many  a  day.  In 
choice  of  matter  and  in  method  of  presentation  it  is 
thoroughly  practical  and  exceedingly  suggestive,  its 
key-note  being  a  setting  forth  of  the  best  methods  of 
teaching  a  pupil  how  to  read  and  what  to  read,  and 
of  creating  within  him  a  permanent  love  for  choicest 
reading.  Every  page  shows  the  masterful  author 
and  the  experienced  supervisor.  It  is  a  fine  contri- 
bution to  this  important  branch  of  learning,  and 
should  be  welcomed  by  every  teacher  of  reading. 
We  predict  for  it  a  large  sale. 

"Advanced  Elementary  Science"  is  the  latest 
volume  in  the  "International  Education  Series." 
It  is  by  Professor  Edward  Howe,  author  of  "  Sys- 
tematic Science  Teaching,"  and  is  intended  to  pro- 
vide symmetrical  outlines  for  grammar  grades 
similar  to  those  therein  provided  for  primary  grades. 
The  book  treats  of  the  elements  of  botany,  zoology, 
geology,  mineralogy,  and  astronomy,  and  offers  rich 
suggestions  and  illustrations  of  the  best  methods  of 


presentation  to  pupils.  The  aim  of  the  work,  like 
that  of  its  fore-runner,  is  the  cultivation  of  accurate 
habits  of  observation,  the  acquirement  of  common 
facts,  and  the  establishment  of  proper  apperception 
bases  for  future  scientific  instruction.  It  will  be  ex- 
ceedingly helpful  to  the  great  mass  of  teachers  in  this 
field  of  work,  and  should  receive  a  warm  welcome. 

"  The  Logical  Bases  of  Education,"  by  J.  Welton, 
Professor  of  Education  in  the  Yorkshire  College, 
Victoria  University,  is  well  written,  thoughtful,  and 
scholarly,  and  aims  to  point  out  a  system  of  instruc- 
tion whereby  logical  habits  of  thinking  and  study 
can  best  be  developed.  It  is,  however,  too  far  be- 
yond the  grasp  of  the  ordinary  teacher  to  attract 
serious  attention,  or  to  be  of  much  value  as  an  edu- 
cational contribution.  It  could  wisely  be  denomi- 
nated a  Logic,  and  placed  in  that  particular  field. 

Mr.  Seeley's  "  A  History  of  Education  "  is  de- 
signed especially  for  teachers  preparing  for  exam- 
ination. The  book  is  not  based  on  theory,  has  no 
logical  beginning  or  ending,  makes  no  claim  to 
thoroughness,  but  aims  to  furnish  plain,  accurate 
material  of  sufficient  comprehensiveness  to  meet  the 
demands  of  all  reasonable  examining  boards. 

Professor  F.  E.  Bolton's  "  Secondary  School  Sys- 
tem of  Germany  "  is  a  very  interesting  volume. 
The  book  is  the  outcome  of  a  year's  residence  de- 
voted to  an  examination  of  the  school  system  and 
to  a  study  of  the  underlying  principles  involved. 
It  treats  in  a  very  clear  and  concise  manner  of  the 
general  organization  and  management  of  the  schools, 
the  status  of  the  teacher,  the  course  of  study,  the 
higher  education  of  women,  and  of  many  other 
topics  of  special  interest  and  value  to  American 
students.  The  author  is  especially  happy  in  depict- 
ing those  very  features  of  the  system  which  the 
average  educator  is  most  anxious  to  know  about. 
The  author  is  also  unique  in  that  he  does  not  fall 
down  and  worship  at  the  German  educational  shrine 
as  so  many  are  wont  to  do,  but  is  as  quick  to  por- 
tray their  defects  as  their  excellences.  The  book  is 
a  valuable  contribution  to  the  literature  on  this  sub- 
ject, and  should  be  extensively  read. 

"  The  Nervous  System  of  the  Child,"  by  Francis 
Warner,  M.D.,  author  of  "  The  Study  of  School 
Children  and  their  Training,"  is  clear,  comprehen- 
sive, and  scientific,  and  is  the  result  of  long  study 
and  practice  as  teacher  and  physician.  It  treats  of 
the  following  topics  :  the  brain  and  body  in  infancy 
and  early  childhood  ;  the  child  at  school ;  observa- 
tion, description,  and  classification  of  children  in 
school ;  evolution  of  the  child  and  his  brain  power ; 
physical  care  of  the  child,  hygiene  and  feeding  ;  the 
training  and  teaching  of  young  children  ;  advancing 
school  method  and  teaching ;  the  nerve  centres  in 
infancy  school  life  and  adolescence,  their  health  and 
training ;  and  mental  hygiene  and  voluntary  mental 
power.  In  view  of  the  wide-spread  interest  in  every- 
thing that  pertains  to  the  welfare  of  the  child,  these 
topics  ought  to  prove  of  unusual  interest  to  teachers 
and  to  the  public  generally.  B.  A.  HINSDALE. 

A.  S.  WHITNEY. 


100 


THE    DIAL, 


[Aug.  16, 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

It  is  more  than  half  a  generation 
.  since  a  few  scientific  men,  to  whom 

the  situation  had  become  an  increas- 
ingly grave  one,  formed  in  Washington  "The 
American  Forestry  Association,"  which  has  long 
labored  under  all  the  disadvantages  pertaining  to 
any  movement  the  need  of  which  is  unrecognized 
by  the  people  at  large.  When  an  American  fron- 
tiersman sees  a  tree  —  at  any  rate,  on  land  over 
which  he  has  any  control  —  he  cuts  it  down.  That 
is  part  of  the  instinct  of  clearing  the  ground  for 
work.  But  the  American  lumberman  has  cleared 
it  simply  for  profit,  with  no  knowledge  that  thus  he 
was  creating  inevitably  not  only  arid  lands,  but  dis- 
ease and  other  unpleasant  conditions.  Our  forests 
have  vanished  not  only  before  the  axe  and  the  gen- 
eral march  of  what  we  call  civilization,  but  by  the 
fires  of  yearly  recurrence.  Even  now,  as  these 
words  are  written,  the  most  glorious  trees  eye  of 
man  in  this  country  has  ever  rested  upon  —  the 
redwoods  of  California  —  are  at  the  mercy  of  a 
lumber  corporation,  and  the  women  of  California 
are  cogitating  what  to  do  about  it.  In  short,  while 
the  meaning  of  a  tree  is  becoming  a  trifle  clearer 
to  the  general  mind,  we  need  all  the  education  that 
can  be  given,  in  school  and  out,  to  fix  the  fact  that 
man  cannot  make  a  tree,  and  that  its  destruction 
save  for  essential  purposes  is  a  crime.  In  good 
time,  then,  comes  an  admirable  manual  for  just 
such  ends,  —  "  North  American  Forests  and  For- 
estry," by  an  expert,  Mr.  Ernest  Bruncken  of  the 
Wisconsin  Forestry  Commission  ;  his  German  name 
not  only  implying  but  insuring  the  patient,  careful, 
indefatigable  work  that  is  evident  in  every  page  of 
the  volume.  The  twelve  chapters,  with  their  full 
table  of  contents  and  index,  mean  a  book  that 
should  be  on  the  shelves  of  every  lover  of  trees, 
and  no  less  on  those  of  every  householder  in  city  or 
country,  since  to  act  as  it  directs  is  now  a  recog- 
nized duty  of  the  citizen.  Waste  is  an  American 
vice, —  waste  of  food,  of  material  in  a  thousand 
ways,  of  life  itself,  in  our  hurry  and  rush.  There 
is  no  need  of  surprise,  but  there  is  surely  need  for 
shame,  as  we  read  the  story  of  our  own  wholesale 
destruction  of  what  we  have  the  right  to  use  as  a 
gift  of  nature,  but  never  the  right  to  waste  or  reck- 
lessly destroy.  The  book  pleads  for  general  educa- 
tion in  this  study,  not  alone  for  the  personal  knowl- 
edge and  its  pleasure,  but  as  a  national  necessity, 
and  it  makes  all  the  reasons  plain.  Mr.  Bruncken's 
work  is  clear,  definite,  practical,  above  all  in  its 
definition  of  what  Forestry  really  is,  and  the  clear- 
est of  statements  as  to  what  deforestation  means  in 
the  life  of  the  people.  The  final  chapter,  "  Forestry 
as  a  Profession,"  opens  up  a  new  place  in  life  for 
many  a  nature  lover,  and  is  as  thoroughly  common- 
sense  as  are  other  suggestions.  The  book  is  not  a 
technical  manual,  save  as  some  technicalities  are  a 
necessary  part  of  the  presentation.  It  is  a  very 
live,  very  earnest  statement  of  needs,  as  well  as  a 


story  of  Forestry  at  home  and  abroad ;  and  every 
school  that  keeps  Arbor  Day  should  have  it  on  the 
school  library  shelves,  as  motive  and  reason  for  the 
custom  that  Arbor  Day  is  at  last  making  a  national 
matter.  The  book  is  published  by  the  Messrs. 
Putnam.  

The  bright  side  "  The  Story  of  Philadelphia']  ( Amer- 
of  the  story  of  ican  Hook  Co.),  by  Miss  Lillian  lone 
Philadelphia.  Rhoades,  is  intended  for  use  as  a 
text-book  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city,  as  an  aid 
to  "  the  training  of  pupils  to  intelligent  and  virtu- 
ous citizenship."  The  work  is  a  good  one  for  the 
purpose,  so  far  as  it  goes,  but  it  seems  to  us  to  go 
scarcely  half  way.  It  has  apparently  been  prepared 
on  the  theory  that  the  training  aimed  at  is  to  be 
got  by  the  pupil  through  the  contemplation  of  the 
virtues  and  achievements  of  a  historic  past,  without 
study  of  the  municipal  needs,  conditions,  and  short- 
comings of  the  immediate  past  and  the  present. 
An  ideal  text-book  of  the  kind  for  the  young  Phila- 
delphian  would,  we  should  think,  display  also  the 
reverse  side,  so  to  speak,  of  the  medal,  and  thus 
serve  to  foster  not  only  a  due  sense  of  pride  in  the 
glories  of  the  remoter  past,  but  a  knowledge  of 
present-day  abuses  and  deficiencies,  and  a  deter- 
mination to  remedy  them.  A  keen  realization  of 
the  mortifying  fact  that  the  city  of  Penn  and 
Franklin,  the  Mecca  of  pilgrims  to  the  shrine  of 
American  independence,  had  sunk,  through  the 
supineness  of  her  citizens,  into  a  notorious  citadel 
of  "  bossism  "  and  municipal  corruption,  might  well 
prove  even  more  useful  in  the  arena  of  political 
action  to  the  young  Philadelphian  than  a  thorough 
familiarity  with  the  historical  springs  of  civic  self- 
complacency  interestingly  set  forth  by  Miss  Rhoades 
in  the  present  volume.  Indeed,  to  go  farther,  we 
are  inclined  to  think  that  American  youth  in  gen- 
eral has  lost  not  a  little  in  point  of  political  judg- 
ment and  efficiency  through  the  vainglorious  or  un- 
critical historical  text-book,  which,  in  drawing  up 
our  national  account,  has  unduly  ignored  the  debit 
side  of  the  ledger.  Miss  Rhoades's  little  book,  how- 
ever, is,  we  repeat,  good  so  far  as  it  goes,  and  re- 
capitulates pleasantly,  in  a  series  of  brief  special 
chapters,  a  story  the  chief  features  of  which  should 
be  familiar  to  every  young  American.  Mr.  Edward 
Brooks,  Superintendent  of  the  Philadelphia  public 
schools,  supplies  a  brief  introduction,  and  there  is 
a  liberal  sprinkling  of  illustrations. 

Dr.  John  Bascom  has  drawn,  in  his 
latest  volume  "  Growth  of  Nation- 
ality in  the  United  States"  (Put- 
nam), from  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  Federal 
Constitution,  some  chapters  illustrating  the  country's 
development  under  that  Constitution  out  of  scattered 
colonies  into  a  compact  whole.  Traces  of  prepara- 
tion for  the  class-room  appear  everywhere,  with 
occasional  infelicities  of  style ;  yet  the  reader  can 
easily  overlook  these,  along  with  a  general  heavi- 
ness in  the  treatment,  if  he  is  assisted  to  understand 
such  political  phenomena  as  the  willingness  of  John 


The  growth  of 
Nationality. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL, 


101 


Jay,  a  century  ago,  to  give  up  the  unique  office  of 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  in  order  to  be 
Governor  of  New  York.  The  tendency  to  nation- 
ality, in  this  "  social  study,"  is  accepted  as  inher- 
ent, only  interrupted  by  obstacles  which  it  in  time 
overcame :  diversity  in  origin  of  the  different  colo- 
nies ;  distance  in  miles,  in  cost  and  time  of  com- 
munication, with  consequent  scanty  intercourse  and 
diverging  interests ;  cessation  of  the  need,  with  the 
conclusion  of  peace,  of  union  for  defense ;  rivalry 
of  States  with  one  another,  of  States  with  the  gen- 
eral government,  and  between  departments  of  gov- 
ernment ;  and  the  social  fusion  of  class  and  class. 
These  obstacles  give  titles  to  successive  chapters  in 
which  progress  toward  union  is  noted,  the  steps 
being  marked  mainly  by  decisions  of  the  national 
Supreme  Court  in  its  slow  but  effective  work  of 
establishing  a  closer  Federal  Union.  It  is  under 
the  last  head,  "  Strife  between  Classes,"  that  the 
author  will  be  most  likely  to  meet  with  criticism ; 
his  pronounced  views  on  the  relation  of  the  State  to 
corporations,  on  railroads  and  the  Inter-State  Com- 
merce Commission,  on  "  government  by  injunction," 
and  the  income  tax,  being  not  only  opposed  to  those 
of  many  respected  fellow-citizens,  but  chargeable 
also  with  having  no  close  necessary  logical  relation 
with  the  development  of  his  subject.  On  these 
points,  however,  he  is  fair  and  sincere :  while  the 
motif  of  this  chapter,  "  The  prosperity  of  a  people 
can  no  longer  be  defined  in  terms  of  wealth  merely, 
or  civilization  that  attaches  to  classes ;  it  must  be 
defined  in  terms  which  express  the  common  social 
welfare,  and  run  through  the  body  of  the  nation," 
stands  quite  above  criticism.  The  slavery  contro- 
versy fills  its  due  space  in  the  history,  its  decision 
resting  on  immutable  decree :  "  The  impossibility 
of  successfully  compromising  a  moral  question  lies 
in  the  fact  that  Ethical  Law  is  a  vital  issue,  inter- 
lacing all  social  facts,"  etc.  Not  only  is  this  the 
best  of  lessons  for  the  instruction  of  a  class  of 
undergraduates,  but  it  is  one  which  many  of  the 
nation's  legislators  might,  now  no  less  than  fifty 
years  ago,  be  the  better  for  taking  to  heart.  A 
good  analytical  table  of  contents  and  a  useful  list  of 
fifty-six  "  cases  cited  "  from  the  Supreme  Court 
reports  are  provided. 

Readable  "  ^ke  Memoirs  of  the  Baroness  Cecile 

if  apocryphal,  de  Courtot,  Lady  in  Waiting  to  the 
memoir,.  Princess  de  Lamballe,  Compiled  from 

the  Letters  of  the  Baroness  to  Frau  von  Alvensleben, 
and  the  Diary  of  the  latter  by  her  great  grandson, 
Moritz  von  Kaisenberg,"  is  the  reading  of  the  title 
page  of  an  outwardly  attractive  book  recently  trans- 
lated from  the  German  and  issued  by  Messrs. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.  In  the  preface  the  editor  relates 
how  he  found  one  day,  at  the  bottom  of  an  an- 
cient oak  chest  belonging  to  the  heirlooms  of  his 
family,  a  packet  of  letters  tied  with  the  usual  blue 
ribbon,  and  a  red  velvet  album  containing  a  diary 
which  proved  to  be  a  veritable  treasure  trove,  and 
whose  translation  from  the  original  French,  together 


with  editorial  matter,  furnish  the  contents  of  the 
present  volume.  Briefly  told,  the  contents  are  as 
follows  :  The  editor  gives  the  Vorgeschichte  of  the 
von  Alvenslebens,  an  exemplary  noble  Prussian  pair, 
who  receive  the  Emigre'e  Baroness  de  Courtot  into 
their  family  ;  the  Baroness  on  several  succeeding 
days  relates  her  story  up-to-date,  which  her  hostess 
immediately  writes  down  in  the  words  of  the  nar- 
rator in  the  red  album  ;  the  Baroness  resides  eight 
years  with  the  von  Alvenslebens,  the  record  of  which 
is  furnished  by  the  album  ;  she  returns  to  France, 
whence  she  writes  seventeen  long  letters  to'  her 
benefactors,  which  are  translated  in  full.  The  en- 
tire book  gives  the  impression  of  unreality.  The 
marvellous  rescue  of  the  heroine  from  the  guillotine 
'by  her  lover  ;  her  recognition  of  Napoleon  at  their 
first  interview  as  the  pale-faced  cadet  who  had  once 
rescued  her  from  a  mad  bull  when  she  was  walking 
under  the  shade  of  a  red  parasol  in  the  fields  near 
Brienne,  and  whom  she  had  afterwards  crowned  with 
a  wreath  of  laurel  leaves  at  the  distribution  of  prizes 
at  its  Military  College  ;  the  return  of  the  supposedly 
dead  lover  as  a  famous  soldier,  —  all  this  and  much 
more  of  the  same  kind  bears  the  appearance  of  ro- 
mance. There  is  also  a  striking  similarity  of  style 
in  the  parts  supplied  by  the  editor,  the  diary,  and 
the  letters.  If  the  letters  and  diary  are  not  genuine, 
the  intimate  knowledge  of  millinery  and  housekeep- 
ing displayed  would  preclude  masculine  authorship, 
nor  would  an  author  of  the  male  sex  people  his 
pages  with  so  many  sweet  friends,  dear  princesses, 
and  dear  old  uncles  and  pastors.  But  however  this 
may  be,  the  book  is  a  good  one  to  add  to  the  list 
of  light  summer  reading. 

In  its  original  form,  when  first  pub- 
lislied  ten  years  ago,  Captain  S. 
Eardley-Wilmot's  "Our  Fleet  To- 
day "  was  a  review  in  outline  of  the  changes  that 
had  taken  place  in  the  principal  fleets  of  the  world 
during  the  preceding  half-century,  —  mainly,  of 
course,  in  the  navy  of  Great  Britain.  Naval  archi- 
tecture develops  apace,  and  maritime  nations  have 
during  the  past  decade  been  adding  with  feverish 
haste  to  their  strength.  A  new  and  powerful  navy 
has  arisen  in  the  East,  and  America  has  recently 
startled  the  world  with  an  unexpected  proof  of  the 
strength  and  efficiency  of  her  rehabilitated  fleet. 
The  Chino-  Japanese  War  and  the  Hispano-  American 
War  have  furnished  many  subsidiary  lessons  in 
equipment,  structural  details,  and  organization. 
Captain  Eardley-Wilmot  has  therefore  seen  fit  to 
revise  and  to  a  considerable  extent  recast  his  book, 
with  a  view  of  bringing  it  up  to  date,  and  it  is  now 
re-issued  in  attractive  form  with  some  important 
alterations  and  additions  (Scribners'  importation). 
In  order  to  keep  the  volume  within  the  space  limits 
originally  assigned  to  it,  the  chapters  on  foreign 
navies  are  omitted  from  the  new  edition,  which  is 
generally  restricted  to  a  history  of  the  development 
of  the  British  fleet  from  1840  to  the  present  day,  a 
period  which  includes  the  radical  changes  from  sail 


oj  naval 
architecture. 


102 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


to  steam,  wood  to  iron,  and  smooth-bore  guns  to 
rifled  ordnance,  "quick  firers,"  and  torpedoes.  Brief 
accounts  of  the  wars  between  China  and  Japan,  and 
the  United  States  and  Spain,  are  added.  The  book 
is  compact,  well  written,  and  acceptably  illustrated, 
and  will  be  found  to  meet  the  wants  of  those  in  need 
of  accurate  general  information  on  the  subject.  The 
author  is  an  officer  in  the  Royal  Navy. 

Professor  Smyth's  "  Greek  Melic 
Poets"  (Macmillan)  is  marked  by 
the  sure  and  abundant  scholarship 
which  we  expect  from  its  author.  The  notes  are 
catholic  in  their  range.  Questions  of  text  criticism, 
the  dialects,  metrical  theory,  and  the  obscure  his- 
tory of  Greek  lyric  forms,  are  treated  with  copious 
erudition,  while  literary  criticism  and  illustration 
are  not  neglected.  Professor  Smyth  would  have 
made  a  more  useful  book  for  American  teachers  if 
he  had  insisted  less  rigidly  on  the  scientific  distinc- 
tion between  melic  poetry  and  lyric  poetry  in  gen- 
eral. We  need  for  the  class-room  a  convenient 
annotated  edition  of  the  Teubner  Anthologla  Lyrica 
including  both  Iambic  and  Elegiac  poets.  Pro- 
fessor Smyth  could  easily  have  found  room  for  this 
additional  text  within  his  564  pages  by  referring 
the  student  to  the  histories  of  Greek  literature  for 
much  of  the  historical  material  given  in  his  intro- 
ductions. The  proof-reading  and  printing  have 
been  done  with  care.  "  Ruffian  Boreas  "  is  surely 
Shakespeare,  not  Chaucer.  And  Rossetti's  "  Combi- 
nation from  Sappho  "  should  read  "  Forgot  it  not, 
Nay  !  but  got  it  not,  for  none  could  get  it  till  now," 
not  "  for  they  could  not  get  it  till  now." 

Twenty  vears  *n  hia  "Twenty  Years  in  Europe" 
of  conLiar  (Rand,  McNally  &  Co.)  Mr.  S.  H.  M. 

experiences.  Byers  gives  us  the  cream  of  his  recol- 

lections as  a  consular  officer  in  Switzerland  and 
Italy  from  August,  1869,  to  September,  1891. 
Mr.  Byers's  book  is  lively  and  entertaining,  and 
contains  many  anecdotes  of  and  letters  from  notable 
people,  that  are  worth  preserving.  Among  the 
letters  are  fifty  from  General  Sherman,  whose  name 
crops  up  frequently  in  the  narrative.  Mr.  Byers 
saw  something  of  General  Grant  during  the  latter's 
tour  of  Europe.  Mr.  Byers  made  many  agreeable 
and  noteworthy  acquaintances  while  abroad,  and 
gratified  to  the  full  a  keen  appetite  for  sight-seeing. 
His  experiences  are  pleasantly  reflected  in  his  book, 
which  is  based  on  a  diary  kept  during  the  period 
treated.  There  are  a  number  of  illustrations  from 
photographs.  _ 

Mr.  J.  E.  Conner's    "Uncle   Sam 


Abroad  "  /Rand,  McNally  &  Co.), 
furnishes  in  concise  form  and  pop- 
ular style  an  elementary  yet  a  fairly  critical  and 
comprehensive  account  of  our  consular  and  diplo- 
matic service.  The  text  is  cast  in  the  form  of  five 
lectures  (supposed  to  be  delivered  by  "  Professor 
Loyal  of  the  University  of  -  ")  on  the  several 
topics  :  The  State  Department  ;  Consular  Service 


—  Officers  ;  Consular  Service  —  Duties  ;  Diplo- 
matic Service ;  Uncle  Sam  and  Expansion.  The 
Appendix  contains  a  tabulated  Synopsis  of  Com- 
mercial Treaties,  and  lists  of  places  and  their  pres- 
ent incumbents  in  the  two  services.  A  slightly 
humorous  flavor  pervades  the  text,  which  is  further 
popularized  by  a  sprinkling  of  comic  drawings 
by  Mr.  Clyde  J.  Newman ;  but  serious  instruc- 
tion is  the  essential  purpose  of  the  book.  Mr. 
Conner's  views  as  to  the  needs  and  standards 
of  our  foreign  civil  service  are  sound,  and  clearly 
and  persuasively  put. 

An  interesting  description  of  Nica- 

raS»a'  it8  Pe°Ple'  government,  pro- 
ducts,  industries,  flora  and  fauna, 
etc.,  together  with  a  brief  history  of  the  projected 
interoceanic  waterway  which  promises  in  time  to 
turn  a  main  stream  of  the  world's  traffic  through 
this  now  comparatively  virgin  country,  is  to  be 
found  in  Mr.  W.  E.  Simmons's  "  The  Nicaragua 
Canal "  (Harper).  The  book  is  mainly  the  fruit  of 
personal  observation,  and  is  entertainingly  written. 
Readers  sharing  the  pretty  common,  but  as  we  now 
learn  mistaken,  belief  in  the  insalubrity  of  Nica- 
ragua, will  be  surprised  to  find  Mr.  Simmons  apos- 
trophizing the  country  as  a  "  land  of  sunny  skies 
and  sparkling  lakes ;  ...  of  healthful  and  delight- 
ful climate."  "  Fevers,"  he  adds,  "  which  in  the 
United  States  are  supposed  to  be  the  curse  of  the 
country,  are  extremely  rare,  and  it  would  be  hard 
to  find  another  land  in  which  so  little  disease  of 
any  kind  prevails." 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


"  A  History  of  Sanskrit  Literature  "  (Appleton),  by 
Dr.  Arthur  A.  MacDonell,  has  been  added  to  the  series 
of  "  Literatures  of  the  World."  It  is  the  first  history 
of  the  subject  that  has  been  written  in  English,  a  fact 
which  gives  it  a  value  quite  apart  from  that  which  re- 
sults from  its  great  intrinsic  merit.  Heretofore,  the 
English  reader  has  had  to  remain  content  with  Weber's 
volume,  nearly  half  a  century  old,  and  with  Professor 
Max  Miiller's  history  of  the  Vedic  period.  Since  the 
writer  is  a  competent  scholar  in  his  chosen  subject,  and 
has  made  use  of  the  results  of  the  latest  scholarship, 
his  volume  makes  a  peculiarly  acceptable  addition  to  the 
useful  series  for  which  it  has  been  written. 

English  readers  have  taken  much  interest  in  Russian 
literature  of  late  years,  and  much  has  been  written 
upon  the  subject  in  a  fragmentary  way.  But  we  have 
had  no  good  modern  manual  of  the  subject  and  are  thus 
prepared  to  welcome,  in  spite  of  certain  shortcomings 
and  defects  in  perspective,  the  "  History  of  Russian 
Literature  "  (Appleton),  which  has  recently  been  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  K.  Waliszewski.  The  writer  is  rather 
French  than  Russian  in  his  standpoint,  which  makes  his 
book  lose  something  in  sympathetic  insight,  although  it 
probably  gains  in  interest  of  presentation.  It  appears 
as  a  volume  in  the  series  entitled  "  Literatures  of  the 
World." 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


103 


NOTES. 

"  Milton's  Minor  Poems,"  edited  by  Mr.  E.  S.  Parsons, 
is  a  recent  English  text  published  by  Messrs.  B.  H. 
Sanborn  &  Co. 

"Lawton:  An  Ode,"  by  Mr.  Clinton  Scollard,  was 
read  last  June  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  of  Harvard, 
and  is  now  printed  in  a  neat  pamphlet. 

"  To  an  English  Sparrow  "  is  the  title  of  a  copy  of 
verses,  written  by  Mr.  William  S.  Lord,  Evanston,  and 
published  by  him  as  an  artistic  booklet. 

Messrs.  J.  F.  Taylor  &  Co.  have  in  preparation  a 
popular  edition  of  the  works  of  Charles  Kingsley,  from 
the  same  plates  used  in  their  subscription  edition  of 
this  author. 

Messrs.  McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.  announce  a  unique 
volume  claiming  Abraham  Lincoln  as  its  author.  It  is 
a  scrap-book  Lincoln  made  up  for  use  in  the  campaign 
of  1858,  containing,  as  he  said,  everything  he  had  ever 
uttered  on  the  subject  of  negro  equality. 

Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  have  just  sent  us  three 
modern  language  texts:  — Scribe's  "  Le  Verre  d'Eau," 
edited  by  Dr.  C.  A.  Eggert;  Bendix's  "  Nein,"  edited 
by  Mr.  A.  Werner- Spanhoofd;  and  Elz's  "  Er  1st  Nicht 
Eifersiichtig,"  edited  by  Dr.  Benjamin  W.  Wells. 

North's  Plutarch's  "  Alexander  the  Great,"  and 
Ruskin's  "  Sesame  and  Lilies,"  both  with  introductions 
and  other  editorial  matter  furnished  by  Mr.  H.  E. 
Scudder,  have  just  been  published  by  Messrs.  Houghton, 
Mifflin  &  Co.  in  the  "  Riverside  "  series  of  school  texts. 

"  A  List  of  Books  in  the  Reading  Room  "  of  the  John 
Crerar  Library,  just  published  by  the  Directors  of  that 
institution,  makes  a  dignified  pamphlet  of  two  hundred 
and  fifty  pages,  and  comprises  about  three  thousand 
volumes,  which  "  may  be  used  by  the  public  without 
any  formality." 

The  Library  of  Congress  is  now  issuing  a  series  of 
bulletins  of  much  bibliographical  value.  Among  the 
latest  issues  are  lists  relating  to  Trusts  and  to  the  Gov- 
ernment of  Dependencies.  From  the  (Copyright  Office 
we  have  an  extremely  useful  compilation  of  Copyright 
Enactments  from  1783  to  1900. 

"  Numa  Roumestan,"  translated  by  Mr.  Charles 
DeKay,  and  "  The  Little  Parish  Church,"  translated  by 
Mr.  George  Burnham  Ives,  have  just  been  sent  us  by 
Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  They  are  uniform  with 
the  other  volumes  of  Daudet  issued  by  these  publish- 
ers, and  have  attractive  frontispieces. 

Messrs.  Isaac  Pitman  &  Sons  have  in  press  for  early 
publication  "  Pitman's  Twentieth  Century  Dictation 
Book  and  Legal  Forms,"  being  an  American  commer- 
cial dictation  book  for  schools,  without  reference  to  the 
system  of  shorthand  taught.  The  firm  will  also  issue, 
about  September  15,  "  Robinson  Crusoe,"  in  Isaac  Pit- 
man's phonography. 

A  "  Logical  Chart  for  Teaching  and  Learning  the 
French  Conjugation,"  by  Mr.  Stanislas  LeRoy,  is  a  re- 
cent pamphlet  publication  of  Mr.  W.  R.  Jenkins.  The 
same  publisher  sends  us  two  Spanish  texts: — "Fortuna 
y  Otros  Cuentos,"  by  Seuor  R.  Diez  de  la  Cortina;  and 
"  Temprana  y  con  Sol  y  Tres  Otros  Cuentos,"  by  Senora 
Bazan,  the  latter  edited  by  Senor  de  la  Cortina. 

"  The  Private  Memoirs  of  Madame  Roland,"  edited 
by  Mr.  Edward  Gilpin  Johnson,  will  shortly  be  issued  by 
Messrs.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  The  work  is  based  upon 
a  translation  made  from  Bosc's  original  edition  of  the 


memoirs,  published  at  London  within  two  years  after 
Madame  Roland's  death.  It  will  be  the  first  English 
translation  since  the  above  very  scarce  English  edi- 
tion. The  volume  will  contain  a  number  of  full-page 
illustrations. 

The  University  of  Illinois  has  fallen  into  line  with 
many  of  its  fellow  institutions  by  inaugurating  a  series 
of  "  University  Studies,"  which  will  appear  at  irregular 
intervals.  The  first  number  of  the  series  is  by  Dr. 
D.  K.  Dodge,  and  has  for  its  subject  "  Abraham 
Lincoln :  The  Evolution  of  His  Literary  Style  "  —  an 
interesting  subject,  certainly,  and  treated  with  discern- 
ment. 

The  science  text-books  of  the  late  Joel  Dormau 
Steele,  with  their  fourteen  weeks  to  each  subject,  have 
long  been  the  synonym  for  everything  that  is  pedagog- 
ically  and  scientifically  mischievous,  and  we  doubt  the 
desirability  of  prolonging  their  life  in  any  shape.  But 
it  must  be  admitted  that  Mrs.  Mabel  Loomis  Todd,  in 
rewriting  the  old  Steele  "  Astronomy,"  has  produced  a 
book  that  is  both  scientific  and  interesting.  This  means, 
of  course,  that  she  has  produced  what  is  practically  a 
new  work ;  and  we  would  have  been  better  pleased  had 
she  discarded  the  Steele  idea  altogether,  for  that  is 
more  likely  to  hurt  than  to  help  her  book.  The  volume 
is  published  by  the  American  Book  Co. 

Dr.  John  Clark  Rid  path,  the  well-known  American 
historian,  died  in  New  York  City  July  31,  at  the  age  of 
fifty-nine.  His  first  book  was  an  "  Academic  History 
of  the  United  States  "  (1874-5),  from  which  he  abridged 
his  "  Grammar  School  History,"  long  a  standard  text- 
book. From  1869  to  1885  he  was  a  professor  in  De 
Pauw  University.  His  biographical  work  included  the 
«  Life  and  Work  of  Garfield,"  the  «  Life  and  Work  of 
James  G.  Blaine,"  and  the  "  Life  and  Times  of  Glad- 
stone." In  1894  appeared  his  most  comprehensive 
work,  entitled  "  Great  Races  of  Mankind,"  in  four  vol- 
umes. He  was  engaged  for  ten  years  in  preparing  the 
material,  and  another  four  years  in  writing  this  work. 
He  was  for  a  time  editor  of  "  The  Arena  "  of  Boston. 
His  monographs  are  numerous. 

Ready :  The  Study  of  Ivanhoe. 

By  H.  A.  Davidson. 

Arranged  for  high-school  students.    References,  Topics  for 
Critical  Study,  Composition  work  on  the  text. 

Single  copies 50  cts. 

Ten  copies  or  more,  each    ...    30  cts. 
Publisher,  H.  A.  DAVIDSON,  No.  1  Sprague  Place,  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

NEW   BOOKS. 

A  School  History  of  England.  By  J.  N.  LARNBD,  author  of  "His- 
tory for  Ready  Reference."  Crown  8vo,  half  leather,  81-25  net. 

English:  Composition  and  Literature.  A  Development  of  Course 
of  Study  adopted  by  Committee  on  College  Entrance  Requirements 
of  the  National  Education  Association.  By  W.  F.  WBBSTBK.  Crown 
8vo,  half-leather,  90  cents  net. 

RIVERSIDE  LITERATURE   SERIES  —  Recent  Issues: 
144.    Scudder's  Book  of  Legends.  Paper,  15  cents  ;  cloth,  25  cents. 
143.    Plutarch's  Life  of  Alexander  the  Great.    North's  Transla- 
tion.   Paper,  15  cents. 

142.    Ruskin's  Sesame  and  Lilies.    Paper,  15  cents. 
141.    Three  Outdoor  Papers.  By  T.  W.  HIGGINSON.   Paper,  15  cents. 
140.    Thackeray's  Henry  Esmond.    (Quintuple  number).    Many 
illustrations.     Crown  8vo,  paper,  60  cents ;  cloth,  75  cents. 
Descriptive  circulars  sent  on  application. 

HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN   &   CO., 

4  Park  Street,  Boston.  11  East  Seventeenth  Street,  New  York. 

378-388  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago. 


104 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


"A  DEVOUT  BLUEBEARD." 

This  is  a  powerful  work  by  "  Marie  Graham,"  and  a  truthful 
satire  on  the  snobbery  of  the  day.  A  fascinating  sketch  of  the  early 
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will  fail  to  recognize  him.  It  abounds  in  naturalness  and  witticisms. 
Price,  One  Dollar.  May  be  ordered  through  any  bookseller,  or 
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THE   DIAL 


105 


A   ROMANCE  OF  THE  FRENCH  REVOLUTION 

ROBERT  TOURNAY     ,  ,w 

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'E.     With  Diagrams  and  Reproductions  of  Drawings. 
"  Geneva  Medium,"  Helen  Smith,  whose  case  is  even 
In  her  trances  she  lives  the  dual  existence  of  an 
Mars.     Professor  Flournoy  and  his  fellow  scientists 
se  astounding  psychical  phenomena,  and  this  book  is 
o,  $1.50 

RUSSIA  AGAINST  INDIA 

By  ARCHIBALD   ROSS  COLQUHOUN 

This  is  an  authoritative  book.    The  contents  are: 
Historical  Introduction.  —  Central  Asia  :    Country 
and  People.  —  The  British  Rule  in  India.  —  Afghan- 
istan and  Persia.  —  Russia  in  Central  Asia.  —  The 
Defence  of  India. 
Post  8vo,  $1.50 

TO  BE  PUBLISHED  ON  SEPTEMBER  7 

CHLORIS  OF  THE  ISLAND 

By  H.  B.  MARRIOT  WATSON 

This  is  a  spirited  story  of  the  last  century,  the 
scene  being  laid  in  England.    The  hero  falls  unknow- 
ingly in  love  with  the  beautiful  daughter  of  a  daring 
smuggler. 
Post  8vo,  Illustrated,  $1.50 

HYPNOTISM  IN  MENTAL 
AND  MORAL  CULTURE 

By  JOHN  DUNCAN  QUACKENBOS,  M.  D. 

This  is  a  "  popular  "  exposition  of  an  important 
subject,  equally  interesting  to  professional  men  and 
laymen.    The  question  of  a  practically  beneficent  use 
of  the  power  of  hypnotism,  its  availability  as  a  cura- 
tive and  reformatory  agency,  is  here  ably  treated. 
Post  8vo,  $1.25 

THE  LOST  CONTINENT 

By  CUTCLIFFE  HYNE 

The   author  has  laid   his    scenes   in    prehistoric 
times,    on    the   lost   continent  of  Atlantis.     In   its 
thrilling  dramatic  situations  the  story  rivals  Rider 
Haggard's  "She." 
Post  8vo,  $1.50 

THE  DISHONOR  OF  FRANK  SCOTT 

By  M.  HAMILTON 

The  hero  of  this  novel  is  the  son  of  an  English 
lord  engaged  to  marry  the  daughter  of  an  English 
army  officer,  upon  whose  staff  he  is.     He  sails  on  a 
P.  &  O.  steamer  for  India,  and  meets  during  the 
voyage  a  young  woman  who  is  going  out  to  wed  an 
Indian  potentate.     The  plot  then  develops  fast. 
Post  8vo,  $1.50 

HARPER  &  BROTHERS,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK 

110 


THE    DIAL 


I  Sept. 


250TH  THOUSAND 


To  HAVE  AND  To  HOLD 


By  MARY  JOHNSTON 
Illustrated.     Crown  8vo.     Price 


$1.50 


The  demand  for  Miss  Johnston's  novels  still  continues  very  large,  To  HAVE 

AND  To  HOLD  having  reached  a  quarter  million  copies,  and 

PRISONERS  OF  HOPE  seventy  thousand. 


BOOKS  FOR  SEPTEMBER 


A  CENTURY  OF  AMERICAN 
DIPLOMACY 

Being  a  Brief  Review  of  the  Foreign  Relations  of  the 
United  States,  1776-1876.  By  JOHN  W.  FOSTER, 
former  Secretary  of  State  for  the  United  States. 
8vo. 

Mr.  Foster  is  exceptionally  competent  to  write  a  diplo- 
matic history  of  the  United  States.  He  has  been  longer  in 
the  American  diplomatic  service  than  any  other  man,  except 
John  Quincy  Adams.  He  served  as  United  States  Minister 
to  Mexico,  Russia,  Spain,  Germany,  China,  and  Japan  ;  and 
has  been  a  member  of  the  most  important  high  commission 
sitting  in  this  country  for  many  years.  His  book  is  one  of 
great  value,  is  enlivened  by  many  personal  sketches,  and 
written  in  a  popular  style. 

THE  MONITOR  AND 

THE  NAVY 

Under  Steam.  By  FRANK  M.  BENNETT,  Lieutenant 
U.  S.  Navy.  Fully  illustrated.  12mo,  $1.50. 
Lieut.  Bennett  tells  the  very  interesting  story  of  the 
United  States  Navy  from  the  time  when  steam  and  iron 
became  the  leading  factors  in  construction  and  motive 
power.  Beginning  with  the  dramatic  duel  between  the 
Monitor  and  the  Merrimac  he  traces  the  history  through 
the  triumphs  of  Admiral  Farragut,  the  sinking  of  the 
Albemarle  by  the  Katahdin,  to  the  great  victories  at  Manila 
and  Santiago.  Lieut.  Bennett  was  on  the  New  York  during 
the  war  with  Spain. 

THE  WOODPECKERS 

By  Mrs.  FANNY  HARDY  ECKSTORM.  With  five  full- 
page  colored  plates,  and  many  illustrations  in  the 
text.  Square  12mo,  $1.00. 

This  is  a  new  thing  in  bird  books.  It  is  devoted  to  a 
single  family,  but  one  represented  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
It  describes  all  varieties  of  woodpeckers,  their  appearance, 
habits,  and  their  tools  —  bill,  foot,  tail,  and  tongue.  It  is 
a  very  interesting  book,  attractively  illustrated. 


HIGGINSON'S  WORKS 

New  Riverside  Edition  of  the    Writings   of   T.   W. 

HIGGINSON.  Rearranged  and  revised  by  the  author. 

Vols.  I.  and  II CHEERFUL  YESTERDAYS   and 

CONTEMPORARIES  have  already  appeared. 

Vol.  Ill ARMY  LIFE  IN  A  BLACK  REGIMENT. 

With  a  portrait  of  Colonel  Higginson  in  uniform. 

Vol.  IV. — WOMEN  AND  THE  ALPHABET. 
12mo,  $2  00  each. 

This  is  a  new  and  handsome  library  edition  of  Colonel 
Higginson's  writings,  in  seven  volumes.  Vol.  III.  is  the 
extremely  interesting  account  of  the  colored  regiment  which 
he  commanded  ;  Vol  IV.  groups  his  important  and  delight- 
ful essays  relating  to  women  and  their  rightful  position  in 
modern  life. 

LIFE  AND   LETTERS   OF 
ROBERT   BROWNING 

By  Mrs.  SUTHERLAND  ORR.  With  a  portrait  and  a 
view  of  Mr.  Browning's  Study  in  a  Garden.  New 
Edition,  two  volumes  in  one,  uniform  with  the 
Riverside  Browning.  $2.00. 

Mrs,  Orr's  book  is  quite  the  best  and  fullest  account  yet 
published  of  Browning's  life,  the  London  Athenceum  declar- 
ing that  "  Mrs.  Orr  has  executed  her  delicate  task  with 
singular  tact  and  discretion." 

SQUIRRELS  AND  OTHER 
FUR-BEARERS 

By  JOHN  BURROUGHS.  With  fifteen  illustrations  in 
colors  after  Audubon,  and  a  frontispiece  from  life. 
Square  12mo,  $1.00. 

A  charming  book  on  squirrels,  the  chipmunk,  wood- 
chuck,  rabbit,  muskrat,  skunk,  fox,  weasel,  mink,  raccoon, 
porcupine,  possum,  and  wild  mice.  Mr.  Burroughs's  obser- 
vations on  these  are  exceedingly  interesting,  and  the 
reproduction  of  some  of  Audubon's  colored  plates  adds 
much  to  the  value  and  attractiveness  of  the  book. 


SOLD  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS.     SENT  POSTPAID  BY 


HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN  &  CO.,  Boston;  11  East  17th  St.,  New  York 


1900.]  THE    DIAL  m 


FOUR  IMPORTANT  BOOKS 


On  July  21,  we  published 

A  GEORGIAN  ACTRESS 

By  PAULINE  BRADFORD  MACKIE,  author  of  "Ye  Lyttle  Salem  Maide,"  and  "Mademoiselle 
de  Benry,"  and  on  August  1,  not  quite  two  weeks  later,  we  announced 

THE    FIFTH   THOUSAND 

This  is  a  strong  book  and  well  worth  reading.     Illustrated.     $  1.50. 

On  May  1,  we  published 

PHILIP  WINWOOD 

By  ROBERT  NEILSON  STEPHENS,  author  of  "  An  Enemy  to  the  King,"  «« A  Gentleman 
Player,"  etc.,  and  on  August  1,  just  three  months  later,  we  announced 

THE   FIFTIETH   THOUSAND 

The  large  sale  it  has  had  is  enough  said  of  this  book.     Illustrated.     $1.50. 

It  is  a  long  time  since  a  better  sea  story  than 

,  ,          EDWARD  BARRY    v       J;. 

By  Louis  BECKE,  author  of  "  By  Reef  and  Palm"  and  "  Ridan,  the  Devil,"  has  appeared, 
and  in  this,  his  latest  book,  Mr.  Becke  is  at  his  best. 

Illustrated.     $1.50. 
Just  Published : 

1  HER  BOSTON  EXPERIENCES 

By  MARGARET  ALLSTON  (nom  de  plume).     Illustrated.     Price,  $1.25. 

This  is  a  most  interesting  and  vivacious  novel,  dealing  with  society  life  in  the  Hub, 
with  perhaps  a  tinge  of  the  flavor  of  Vagabondia.  We  are  not  yet  at  liberty  to  give  the 
true  name  of  the  author,  but  she  is  well  known  in  literature. 

L.  C.  PAGE  &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  BOSTON 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


McCLURE'S  FOR  SEPTEMBER 


CONTAINS 


Three  Chicago  Stories 

By   EDITH   WYATT 


SEPTEMBER  McCLURE'S  contains  three  tales  which  enter  an  entirely  new 
field  in  fiction  and  which  are  sure  to  attract  wide  attention.  They  deal  with  contem- 
porary Chicago  life.  The  German  family  of  Hoffmans,  in  this  group  of  stories,  the  self- 
centred  Richard  Elliot,  and  the  puritan  Miss  Alden,  all  show  Miss  Wyatt's  versatility  in 
the  delineation  of  widely  diverging  types  of  character.  Miss  Wyatt,  unlike  most  authors, 
does  not  defend  any  one  of  her  characters.  On  the  other  hand,  not  one  of  them  escapes 
her  searching  satire,  and  each,  at  one  time  or  another,  is  presented  in  an  amusing  light. 
A  marriage  makes  possible  the  dramatic  situation  which  gives  rise  to  the  action  of  the 
stories.  They  are  illustrated  in  an  original  way  by  Frederic  R.  Gruger,  who  spent  some 
time  in  Chicago  for  the  purpose. 

TEN  CENTS  EVERYWHERE 


TIMELY   PUBLICATIONS. 

FOREIGN    POLICY   OF   THE    UNITED    STATES.     Pp.  216.    Price,  paper,  $1.00;  cloth,  $1.50.    A 

series  of  papers  on  t.he  political  and  commercial  aspects  of  our  foreign  policy. 
PART  I.       The  Government  of  Dependencies.     Professor  Theodore  S.  Woolsey,  and  others. 
PART  II.     Militarism  and  Democracy.     Hon.  Carl  Schurz. 

PART  III.   Commercial  Relations  of  the  United  States  with  the  Far  East.     Mr.  Worthinffton  C.  Ford,  and  others. 
PART  IV.    Political  Relations  of  the  United  States  with  the  Far  East.     His  Excellency,  Wu  Ting-fang,  and  others. 

CORPORATIONS   AND    PUBLIC   WELFARE.     Pp.  208.     Price,  paper,  $1.00;  cloth,  $1.50.     This 

volume  deals  with  pressing  questions  of  the  present  campaign. 
PART  I.       Control  of  Public- Service  Corporations.     Hon.  B.  S   Coler,  and  others. 
PART  II.     Influence  of  Corporations  on  Political  Life.     Hon.  William  Lindsay. 
PART  III.    Combination  of  Capital.    James  B.  Dill,  Esq  ,  and  others. 
PART  IV.   The  Future  of  Protection.    Hon.  N.  W.  Aldrich,  and  others. 

THE   SOUTH    AFRICAN    REPUBLIC    AND   GREAT    BRITAIN.    Selected  Official  Documents  in 

the  causes  of  war  in  South  Africa.     Pp.  72.     Price,  75  cts. 

COMPLETE  LIST  OF  PUBLICATIONS  SENT  ON  APPLICATION. 

AMERICAN  ACADEMY  OF  POLITICAL  AND  SOCIAL  SCIENCE. 


STATION  B, 
PHILADELPHIA,   PENN. 


Jefferson's  Inaugurals. 

This  year  is  the  centennial  of  the  election  of  Thomas 
Jefferson.  The  Directors  of  Old  South  Work  have 
just  published  Jefferson's  two  inaugurals  in  the  Old 
South  Leaflets.  As  the  starting  point  of  a  powerful 
political  party,  these  papers  are  of  great  interest  and 

Talue. 

Price,  Five  Cents. 


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BRUSH   AND   PENCIL: 

An  Illustrated  Magazine  of  the  Arts  and  Crafts. 

BRUSH  AND  PENCIL  for  the  coming  year  will  continue  to  devote 
its  pages  to  distinctively  AMERICAN  ART  interests.  It  is  the  authori- 
tative publication  in  this  country,  and  stands  for  the  best  element  in 
Art  and  Handicraft.  Especial  attention  will  be  given  in  1900  to  the 
department  of  practical  and  personal  craftship,  book-binding,  furniture- 
making,  etc.,  and  the  reviews  of  American  exhibitions  will  be  carefully 
reported  and  illustrated  by  the  best  critics. 

The  appearance  of  the  Magazine  will  be  improved  in  the  character 
and  reproductions  of  illustrations,  and  the  plates  in  color  and  photo- 
gravure will  be  a  feature  of  the  year. 

Subscription  price $2.50  per  Year. 

Single  Number 25  Cents. 

Send  for  Sample  Copy. 

THE  *ARTS   AND    CRAFTS    PUBLISHING    CO., 

215  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


113 


TIMELY  BOOKS  OF  POLITICAL  INTEREST 


WORLD   POLITICS  (The  Chinese  Crisis) 

At  the  End  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  as  Influenced  by  the  Oriental  Situation. 

By  Professor  PAUL  S.  REINSCH,  University  of  Wisconsin.     Citizen's  Library.     Half  leather.     $1.25  net. 
11  A    timely    volume,  "A  scholarly  and  dispassionate    discussion  of   the          «« Timely  and  signifi- 

.  .  .  focused  upon  the  competition  among  the  Great  Powers  for  the  control  cant  ...  a  very  inter- 
Chinese  problem."  of  the  less  advanced  nations  of  the  earth."  esting  book."— News  and 
—Publishers'  Weekly,  N.  Y.  —The  Outlook.  Courier,  Charleston. 

A  famous  critic  says:  —  "'World  Polities'  gives  the  very  best  account  of  affairs  in  China  I  have  seen.     It 
could  11 't  have  been  better  if  it  had  been  specially  prepared  for  this  crisis." 

AMONG  PREVIOUS  ISSUES  IN 

The  Citizen's  Library  of  Economics,  Politics,  and  Sociology. 

UNDER  THE  GENERAL  EDITORSHIP  OF  RICHARD  T.  ELY,  PH.D.,  LL.D., 

Director  of  the  School  of  Economics  and  Political  Science,  at  University  of  Wisconsin.     Each  half  leather,  $1.25. 


MONOPOLIES  AND 
TRUSTS. 

By  RICHARD  T.  ELY,  Ph.D.,  LL.D., 
University  of  Wisconsin. 

ECONOMIC  CRISES. 

By  EDWARD  D.  JONES,  Ph.D.,  Assistant 
Professor  of  Economics  and  Commer- 
cial Geography,  Univ.  of  Wisconsin. 


"  A  highly  valuable  contribution  to  an  important  subject  .  .  .  the  best  piece  of 
work  that  Professor  Ely  has  yet  done.  In  any  case,  all  readers  will  be  impressed 
by  the  perfect  candor  and  scientific  reserve  which  characterize  the  book." 

—  Prof.  CHARLES  A.  BULLOCK  in  the  American  Journal  of  Sociology. 
"  The  most  discriminating  book  that  has  yet  appeared  on  the  subject  of  trusts." 

— The  Outlook. 

"  Covers  all  the  phases  of  the  subject,  and  is  full  of  valuable  suggestions." 

— Pittsburgh  Chronicle. 

"  We  have  had  essays  on  economic  crises ;  never  before  a  complete  and  sys- 
tematic treatise."  —  GEORGE  RAY  WICKER. 


THE   NEXT   TO   APPEAR,    ANNOUNCED  FOR   IMMEDIATE   ISSUE,    WILL   BE 


ESSAYS  IN  THE  MONE- 
TARY HISTORY  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 

By  CHARLES  J.  BULLOCK,  Ph.D.,  of 
Williams  College. 


The  first  of  these  three  essays  furnishes  the  first  systematic  attempt  to  supply 
an  interpretation  of  the  leading  facts  in  the  entire  monetary  history  of  the  coun- 
try ;  the  two  others  are  briefer  and  contain  the  results  of  original  investigations 
into  special  topics  —  the  early  paper  currency  of  the  States  of  North  Carolina  and 
New  Hampshire. 


DEMOCRACY  AND  EMPIRE. 

With  Studies  of  their  Psychological,  Economic,  and  Moral  Foundations. 

By  FRANKLIN  H.  GIDDINGS.  Professor  "  The  most  profound  and  closely  reasoned  defense  of  territorial  expansion  that 

of  Sociology  in  Columbia  University,  has  yet  appeared.  ...  It  is  a  calm,  penetrating  study  of  the  trend  of  civilization 
author  of  "  Principles  of  Sociology,"  and  of  our  part  in  it,  as  seen  in  the  light  of  history  and  of  evolutionary  philosophy." 
etc.  8vo,  cloth,  $2.50.  —  The  Chicago  Tribune. 


COLONIAL  CIVIL  SERVICE. 

THE  SELECTION  AND  TRAINING  OF  COLONIAL  OFFICIALS  IN 

ENGLAND,  HOLLAND,  AND  FRANCE. 

By  A.  LAWRENCE  LOWELL,  with  an  account  of  the  East 
India  College  at  Haileybury  (1806-1857),  by  H.  MORSE 
STEPHENS.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

"A  broad-minded  and  able  study." — Chicago  Tribune. 
"His  suggestions  are  judicious,  practical,  and  timely." 

— Congregationalist. 


POLITICS  AND  ADMINISTRATION. 

A  STUDY  IN  GOVERNMENT. 

By  FRANK  J.  GOODNOW,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Administrative 
Law  in  Columbia  University.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50  net. 

"  Strong  and  well  reasoned." 

— Daily  Evening  Transcript  (Boston). 
"Clear  in  style,  orderly  in  arrangement,  judicious  in  tem- 
per, and  it  admirably  combines  fascination  with  instruction." 
— Daily  Advertiser  (Boston). 


AN  OUTLINE  OF  POLITICAL  GROWTH  IN  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

By  EDMUND  HAMILTON  SEARS,  A.M.,  Principal  of  Mary  Institute,  St.  Louis.    8vo,  cloth,  $3.00  net. 
"  Simply,  clearly,  comprehensively,  it  summarizes  the  political  development  of  every  nation  and  every  important  province 
in  the  world  during  the  present  century." — The  Outlook. 

"Mr.  Sears  .  .  .  practically  holds  the  field  alone  for  the  events  of  the  past  twenty  years." — The  Nation. 


Send  for  our  Announcement  List  of  New  Fall  Issues. 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


114  THE    DIAL  [Sept.  i,  1900. 


Messrs.  D.  Appleton  &  Company 

INVITE   SPECIAL   ATTENTION   TO 

THE   BOERS   IN  WAR 

The  True  Story  of  the  Burghers  in  the  Field 

By  HOWARD  C.  HILLEGAS,  author  of  "  Oom  Paul's  People."     Elaborately  illustrated  with  Photographs  by 

the  Author  and  Others.     Uniform  with  "Oom  Paul's  People."     12mo,  cloth,  31  50. 

It  will  be  of  peculiar  interest  to  American  readers  to  know  that  Howard  C.  Hillegas,  author  of  "  Oom  Paul's  People," 
has  been  with  the  Boer  commandos  in  their  campaigns,  and  has  secured  a  wealth  of  literary  and  artistic  material  in  the 
shape  of  manuscript,  notes,  and  photographs,  which  have  been  incorporated  in  his  book,  "The  Boers  in  War."  Mr. 
Hillegas  was  in  Pretoria  and  on  various  battlefields  at  the  best  times  for  observations  of  peculiar  interest.  The  home  life 
of  Boer  families  in  war  time  and  the  actual  existence  of  the  burghers  in  their  laagers  and  intrenchments  are  vividly 
described.  The  writer  had  a  personal  acquaintance  with  many  of  the  Boer  leaders,  and  the  opportunities  which  he  has 
enjoyed  for  "  telling  the  other  side  "  —  the  unpublished  story  of  the  Boer  campaigns  —  are  unequaled.  and  they  have  been 
fully  improved.  The  book  presents  a  new  and  oftentimes  a  most  surprising  view  of  the  struggle  of  the  Boers. 

AN  EPIC  OF  THE  WEST. 

THE  GIRL  AT  THE   HALFWAY   HOUSE 

A  Story  of  the  Plains.     By  E.  HOUGH,  author  of  "The  Story  of  the  Cowboy."     12mo,  cloth,  81.50. 

"  '  The  Girl  at  the  Halfway  House '  is  a  book  of  exceptional  vitality,  a  series  of  swift-changing,  kaleidoscopic  pictures 
of  one  of  the  most  interesting  phases  of  American  life  —  a  phase  which  has  passed  away  within  the  memory,  and  yet  almost 
without  the  knowledge,  of  the  present  generation.  It  is  a  broad  canvas  that  Mr.  Hough  has  chosen  for  his  pictures,  and 
he  draws  them  in  with  bold,  unfaltering  strokes  that  stand  out  in  clear  relief." — N.  Y.  Commercial  Advertiser. 

"A  writer  abundantly  endowed  with  perceptions,  a  lively  sympathy,  a  sense  of  humor,  and  a  rich  and  fluent  style. 
His  novel  is  unique  in  interest  and  charm.  At  once  an  attractive  story  and  an  enlightening  study  of  one  most  picturesque 
phase  of  the  development  of  America." —  Chicago  Record. 

"  Life  in  the  West  is  pictured  in  a  charming  way.  Mr.  Hough  has  the  faculty  of  mingling  the  picturesque  and  the 
everyday  happenings  which  are  wonderfully  effective  when  properly  treated." —  Chicago  Evening  Post. 

"A  novel  of  brilliant  description  and  intense  interest.  Mr.  Hough  has  all  Stephen  Crane's  bizarre  power  of  descrip- 
tion with  the  poetic  touch  that  was  never  Crane's.  .  .  .  No  novel  of  our  recent  reading  has  so  impressed  us,  and  Mr. 
Hough  may  justly  be  moved  to  a  niche  of  fame  very  high  up  in  the  gallery  of  American  writers  of  fiction." — San 
Francisco  Call. 

PINE  KNOT 

A  Story  of  Kentucky  Life.     By  WILLIAM  E.  BARTON,  author  of  "  A  Hero  in  Homespun." 

Illustrated.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

"Like  Mr.  Allen's  'Reign  of  Law,'  'Pine  Knot'  is  a  thoroughly  wholesome  story  written  by  a  man  of  earnestness 
and  purpose.  It  is  a  novel  to  be  read  and  enjoyed  and  then  put  away  to  be  read  later." — Buffalo  Express. 

"  A  most  interesting  novel.  One  that  will  be  read  in  the  years  after,  commented  upon,  and  held  as  valuable  literature 
long  after  the  best  society  novel  has  been  forgotten." —  San  Francisco  Bulletin. 

"A  crisp  and  spirited  story.  It  is  a  novel  which  has  a  permanent  value,  and  the  artist  has  done  his  work  with  unusual 
skill.  He  has  given  us  human  portraits  and  living  pictures  instead  of  landscapes  and  views  of  the  mountains  at  sunrise  or 
sunset." — Brooklyn  Eagle. 

"  The  humanity  of  the  book  will  touch  every  reader.  The  quaint  peculiarities  of  the  community  are  introduced  with 
picturesque  effect,  but  eccentricities  are  only  appropriate,  entertaining  accompaniments  of  a  skilfully  portrayed  develop- 
ment of  character  and  social  life.  The  handling  of  the  love  story  is  satisfying.  Few  modern  writers  possess  such  a  power 
of  describing  an  interesting  and  generally  unknown  people  so  appreciatively,  graphically,  and  often  humorously.  The 
book  has  a  vivid,  cumulative  interest." —  The  Congregationalist. 

"  A  story  full  of  interest." — New  York  Nation. 

IN  CIRCLING  CAMPS 

A  Romance  of  the  American  Civil  War.    By  J.  A.  ALTSHELER,  author  of  "  A  Herald  of  the  West," 
«  A  Soldier  of  Manhattan,"  etc.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

"  Mr.  Altsheler  has  written  a  romance  of  the  Civil  War,  in  which  we  feel  a  fresh  and  captivating  genius.  It  is  cer- 
tainly an  extraordinary  book.  Its  freshness,  vigor,  abounding  color,  keen  insight  into  the  life  of  a  volunteer  soldier, 
broad,  full  grasp  of  military  conditions  and  incidents,  and  its  power  of  enthusiasm  combine  to  make  it  a  memorable 
romance." — N.  Y.  Independent. 

"  A  remarkably  strong  sequence  of  romantic  action  carried  along  at  a  lively  pace  by  the  events  of  the  Civil  War.  The 
story  is  admirably  sustained.  This  novel  alone  is  enough  to  place  the  art  and  skill  of  the  writer  beyond  question." — 
Chicago  Tribune. 

"  A  romance  full  of  episode  and  adventure.  The  historical  background  is  admirably  done.  The  story  of  Gettysburg 
is  told  with  graphic  pictorial  effect.  Very  good,  too,  are  the  occasional  glimpses  of  the  melancholy  figure  of  Abraham 
Lincoln."— .ZV.  Y.  Herald. 

"Noteworthy  for  the  breathless  interest  of  its  adventures,  its  broad,  generous,  and  fair-minded  view  of  the  people 
and  the  principles  on  both  sides,  and  for  two  remarkably  good  accounts  of  great  battles." — Boston  Herald. 

NEW  EDITION  NEW  TOWN  AND  COUNTRY  NOVELS 


THE  RED  BADGE  OF  COURAGE 

An  Episode  of  the  American  Civil  War.  By  STEPHEN 
CRANE,  author  of  « The  Little  Regiment,"  "  The 
Third  Violet,"  "  Maggie,"  etc.  New  edition,  with 
portrait  and  biographical  sketch.  12 mo,  cloth,  $1. 


Each  12mo,  cloth,  $1.00;  paper,  50  cents. 
A  PRIVATE  CHIVALRY.    By  FRANCIS  LYNDE,  author 

of  "  A  Romance  in  Transit,"  '*  The  Helpers,"  etc. 
THE  FLOWER  OF  THE  FLOCK.    A  Novel.    By  W.  E. 

NORRIS. 


D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK. 


THE  DIAL 

Semf*;plantf)lg  Journal  of  ILiterarg  Criticism,  ©I'sctission,  anto  JEnfortnatfon. 


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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 

No.  541.   SEPTEMBER  1,  1900.    Vol.  XXIX. 
CONTEXTS. 


A  QUESTION  OF  LITERARY  CONSCIENCE  .    .  115 

"LA  FORZA  D'UN  BEL  VOLTO."     (Sonnet  after 

Michael  Angelo.)     M.  B.  A 117 

A    GREAT     AMERICAN     POLITICIAN.     B.  A. 

Hinsdaie 117 

NATURE     BY     DOWN     AND     PAVE.      Sara  A. 

Hubbard .     .  120 

THE  ROMANTIC  HISTORY  OF  TEXAS.     Walter 

F.  McCaleb 122 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  .  .  124 
Herrick's  The  Web  of  Life.  —  Mann's  The  Prelude 
and  the  Play.  —  Grant's  Unleavened  Bread.  — 
Matthews's  The  Action  and  the  Word.  —  Sage's 
Robert  Tournay.  —  Leys's  The  Black  Terror.  — 
Mrs.  Wharton's  The  Touchstone.  —  Mrs.  Atherton's 
Senator  North.  —  Watson's  The  Rebel.  —  Hayes's  A 
Kent  Squire.  —  Pemberton's  Fe"o.  —  Benson's  The 
Princess  Sophia.  —  Crockett's  Joan  of  the  Sword 
Hand.  —  Crockett's  The  Isle  of  the  Winds.  —  Mrs. 
Caffyn's  The  Minx.  —  Mrs.  Dudeney's  Folly  Corner. 
—  Sienkiewicz's  The  Knights  of  the  Cross.  —  Jokai's 
The  Baron's  Sons.  —  Coloma's  Currita. — ValdeVs 
The  Joy  of  Captain  Ribot. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 129 

New  text-books  in  English  literature.  — Memoirs  of 
a  New  England  schoolmaster.  —  Latter-day  Liberty 
poems.  —  The  records  of  a  long  and  useful  life.  — 
Summary  of  the  jurisprudence  of  the  world. — 
Recollections  of  a  busy  life.  —  For  those  who  go 
a-fishing.  —  The  meditations  of  a  prelate  and  a 
student  of  affairs.  —  William  Watson  Andrews,  a 
memorial.  —  A  new  volume  in  Mr.  Murray's  edition 
of  Byron.  —  King  Alfred's  "  best  book  "  in  modern 
English. — Newly  edited  critical  writings  of  John 
Dryden.  —  For  unprotected  American  women  abroad. 
— *  An  account  of  Herbert  Spencer  and  his  system. — 
A  pedagogue  of  long  ago.  —  The  ethics  of  Judaism. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 133 

NOTES 133 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 134 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  134 


A    QUESTION  OF  LITERARY 
CONSCIENCE. 

There  are  few  chapters  of  literary  criticism 
that  surpass,  in  display  of  subtle  insight  and 
essential  justice  of  conclusion,  the  well-known 
essay  of  Charles  Lamb  upon  the  artificial 
comedy  of  the  Restoration.  This  essay  has 
always  been  a  stumbling-block  to  the  Philistine, 
and  will  always  appear  paradoxical  to  the  reader 
whose  intellectual  perceptions  do  not  nicely 
balance  his  moral  prepossessions.  Macaulay, 
as  we  know,  found  it  both  a  paradox  and  a 
stumbling-block,  and  assailed  it  with  the  weav- 
er's beam  that  he  wielded  with  such  redoubtable 
energy.  But  in  spite  of  the  attack  of  Macaulay, 
and  of  other  persons  defective  in  their  literary 
sympathies,  the  ideas  advanced  by  Lamb  in 
this  essay  have  held  their  own,  and  criticism 
has  accepted  their  fundamental  validity.  It 
will  be  remembered  that  Lamb's  argument 
runs,  in  substance,  to  the  effect  that  the  writers 
whom  he  defends  created  a  conventional  world 
of  their  own,  in  which  the  rules  that  ordinarily 
govern,  and  properly  should  govern,  human 
conduct,  have  no  more  application  than  the 
rules  of  ordinary  probability  to  the  incidents 
of  a  Grim  Mahrchen  or  an  Arabian  tale.  Lamb 
declared  himself  "  glad  for  a  season  to  take  an 
airing  beyond  the  diocese  of  the  strict  con- 
science," and  now  and  then  "  for  a  dream- 
while  or  so,  to  imagine  a  world  with  no 
meddling  restrictions."  The  world  of  Congreve 
and  Wycherley  "  is  altogether  a  speculative 
scene  of  things,  which  has  no  reference  what- 
ever to  the  world  that  is.  ...  The  whole  is  a 
passing  pageant,  where  we  should  sit  as  uncon- 
cerned at  the  issues,  for  life  or  death,  as  at  a 
battle  of  the  frogs  and  mice."  His  complaint  is 
that  people  no  longer  take  delight  in  the  pageant, 
because  they  have  grown  too  strenuous  in  their 
literal-minded  interpretation  of  the  show. 
"  Like  Don  Quixote,  we  take  part  against  the 
puppets,  and  quite  as  impertinently."  We  are 
too  self-conscious  to  give  ourselves  up  to  mere 
distraction,  and  go  to  the  theatre  not  "to  escape 
from  the  pressure  of  reality  so  much  as  to  con- 
firm our  experience  of  it ;  to  make  assurance 
double,  and  take  a  bond  of  fate." 

The  fashion  of  the  Restoration  comedy  is 


116 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


one  that  has  now  passed  away  from  popular 
interest,  but  another  fashion  has  taken  its 
place,  concerning  which  Lamb's  argument  is 
equally  to  the  point.  This  is  the  fashion  of 
romantic  fiction,  toward  which  our  strenuous 
moralists  are  apt  to  assume  a  deprecatory  atti- 
tude, upon  much  the  same  grounds  that  served 
as  a  basis  for  the  condemnation  of  the  earlier 
fashion.  Romantic  fiction  is  essentially  unreal, 
we  are  told  ;  it  does  not  reflect  the  conditions 
of  actual  life,  it  encourages  us  to  dream  instead 
of  setting  us  face  to  face  with  the  problems  of 
human  existence,  it  dissipates  our  energies  in- 
stead of  enlisting  them  in  behalf  of  worthy 
social  and  intellectual  causes.  The  charge  is 
doubtless  true,  but  is  there  no  place  for  dreams 
in  the  economy  of  the  spiritual  life  ?  Are  we 
to  reject  the  ministry  of  every  form  of  litera- 
ture that  takes  us  away  from  our  surroundings, 
or  is  not  closely  related  to  our  immediate  pur- 
suits and  interests?  Entertainment  may  not 
be  the  highest  mission  of  literature,  but  it  is 
surely  a  legitimate  object  for  a  writer  to  set 
before  himself,  and  those  writers  who  offer 
entertainment,  in  whatever  fashion  the  hour 
may  approve,  are  not  undeserving  of  the  public 
and  will  not  find  their  efforts  unrewarded.  To 
say  that  romantic  fiction  moves  in  an  unreal 
world  of  its  own  making  should  not  be  held  a 
matter  for  reproach  ;  it  should  rather  be  recog- 
nized as  the  necessary  condition  of  this  form 
of  art,  and  should  make  us  grateful  for  the 
refuge  which  it  offers  to  the  mind  oppressed 
by  the  burden,  at  times  so  intolerable,  of  the 
actual  world.  The  art  of  fiction  depends  upon 
conventions  quite  as  fully  as  does  the  dramatic 
art.  The  action  must  be  compressed  far  beyond 
the  limits  of  probability,  and  worked  out  with 
small  regard  for  the  many  disturbing  iuflu- 
ences  by  which  it  would  certainly  be  compli- 
cated in  real  life.  The  villain  must  be  foiled, 
the  hero  must  triumph,  and  the  lovers  must  be 
united,  even  if  there  are  only  a  score  of  pages  in 
which  to  accomplish  all  these  things.  Whatever 
the  length  of  the  story,  these  are  its  fundamental 
requirements ;  and  to  such  ends  all  the  means 
employed  by  the  writer  must  be  bent.  Each 
separate  scene,  moreover,  must  be  heightened 
in  effect  far  beyond  anything  that  is  likely  to 
occur  in  everyday  life;  two  people  seated  side 
by  side  at  a  dinner- table  must  make  their  con- 
versation more  brilliant  than  any  that  was  ever 
actually  heard  upon  such  an  occasion ;  the 
members  of  every  group  of  persons  brought 
into  contact  for  the  purposes  of  the  narrative 
must  say  and  do  just  the  right  things  at  the 


right  moments,  instead  of  floundering  about  in 
act  and  speech  as  they  doubtless  would  in  the 
haphazard  actual  world.  In  that  world,  as  the 
poet  reminds  us,  we  get  "never  the  time  and 
the  place  and  the  loved  one  all  together  ";  but 
in  the  world  which  the  romantic  imagination 
creates  we  have  a  right  to  expect  this  conjunc- 
tion, and  a  reason  for  justifiable  disappointment 
if  it  is  missed. 

The  romance  of  pure  adventure  appeals  to 
some  of  our  healthiest  instincts.  Both  as  boys 
and  as  men,  we  like  to  follow  the  fortunes  of 
pirates,  to  read  about  shipwrecks  and  all  other 
sorts  of  forlorn  hopes,  and  to  applaud  the  deeds 
of  heroes  who  slay  their  enemies  right  and  left, 
and  escape  from  the  most  desperate  dangers  by 
feats  of  improbable  prowess  and  display  of 
indomitable  if  not  superhuman  valor.  The 
gentlest  spirits  as  well  as  the  most  fiery  delight 
in  these  things,  and  delight  in  them  precisely 
because  they  are  so  far  removed  from  ordinary 
human  experience.  They  are  the  happenings 
of  a  world  which,  at  least  when  we  have  out- 
grown boyhood,  we  have  no  desire  to  make  our 
own,  a  world  which  could  not  be  our  own  if  we 
wished  it,  a  world  which  we  frankly  recognize 
as  imagined  for  our  diversion.  We  should  ill 
requite  those  who  purvey  for  us  all  this  inno- 
cent entertainment  were  we  to  arraign  them 
before  the  bar  of  science,  to  make  stern  inquiry 
into  the  probability  of  their  imaginings,  and  to 
pronounce  upon  the  conduct  of  their  characters 
such  severe  judgments  as  would  doubtless  await 
such  conduct  in  the  courts  of  justice  of  our 
prosaic  world. 

Nevertheless,  although  we  are  fully  per- 
suaded of  the  right  of  romantic  fiction  to  exist 
and  of  its  heroes  to  perform  acts  which  would 
not  bear  the  test  of  a  prosaic  and  conventional 
morality,  we  are  not  without  certain  searchings 
of  soul  when  we  contemplate  the  enormous 
vogue  enjoyed  by  this  species  of  literature  at 
the  present  day.  Of  that  vogue  there  can  be 
no  question.  It  would  be  difficult  to  point  to 
any  earlier  period  in  which  popular  fiction  was 
so  largely  made  up  of  tales  of  adventure,  tales 
whose  interest  centres  upon  exploits  rather  than 
principles,  upon  the  triumph  of  the  individual 
will  rather  than  of  the  abstract  ideal.  There 
is  an  appalling  amount  of  bloodshed  in  our 
popular  romance,  and  an  almost  unexampled 
degree  of  recklessness  in  the  choice  of  means 
for  the  desired  end.  One  need  not  be  a  pro- 
fessional moralist  to  correlate  this  illustration 
of  popular  taste  with  the  wave  of  brutality 
which  seems  to  be  sweeping  over  our  civiliza- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


117 


tion,  and  which  threatens  to  submerge  the 
moral  territory  that  has  been  reclaimed  at  so 
great  a  cost  of  individual  and  collective  effort. 
For  some  reason  or  other,  the  finer  instincts  of 
civilization  seem  of  late  years  to  have  become 
dulled,  and  both  individuals  and  nations  are 
suffered  without  effective  protest  to  commit 
acts  which  should  arouse  the  fiercest  indignation 
for  their  contravention  of  all  the  principles  by 
which  nations  achieve  true  greatness  and  indi- 
viduals bequeath  to  their  descendants  a  heri- 
tage of  honorable  fame.  We  should  hardly 
include  our  popular  literature  among  the  active 
causes  of  this  degenerative  process,  but  it  may 
not  be  unfair  to  regard  it  as  symptomatic.  We 
may  read  with  zest  the  popular  literature  which 
glories  in  brute  force,  and  we  may  get  no  harm 
from  it  as  individuals  ;  but  we  must  "  view 
with  alarm,"  as  the  political  platforms  say,  the 
ever-increasing  hold  which  this  species  of  lit- 
erature is  gaining  upon  the  popular  mind.  If 
such  literature  does  not  directly  shape  the  ac- 
tions of  men,  it  certainly  does  to  some  extent 
reflect  their  ideals,  and  its  present  prominence 
is  such  as  to  confront  the  literary  conscience 
with  a  serious  question.  Should  we,  because 
they  afford  us  such  admirable  entertainment, 
give  our  unqualified  approval  to  these  writings 
that  glorify  all  the  brutal  passions,  that  move 
in  a  world  unswayed  by  the  moral  law,  and 
that  substitute  for  the  Christian  precepts  a 
gospel  whereof  Carlyle  and  Nietzsche  are  the 
evangelists  ?  It  is  a  serious  question,  whether 
the  ideals  of  public  and  private  morality,  as 
reflected  in  the  popular  literature  of  the  day, 
which  this  century  is  about  to  pass  on  to  the 
next,  will  bear  a  favorable  comparison  with 
those  which  the  last  century  bequeathed  to 


our  own. 


"LA    FORZA    D'UN  BEL    VOLTO." 

(After  Michael  Angela.) 


Skyward  I  'm  drawn  by  light  of  thy  fair  face 
(Other  delight  on  earth  is  left  me  none), 
And  of  the  spirits  elect  I  count  me  one: 

Was  ever  granted  mortal  man  such  grace  ? 

So  well  the  Maker  in  thy  form  I  trace 
That,  seeing  Him,  already  earth  I  shun: 
And  well  for  me,  —  else  were  I  all  undone, 

Such  flame  for  thee  doth  heart  and  mind  enlace. 

Wherefore,  if  never  my  fixed  gaze  I  turn 

From  thy  deep  eyes,  't  is  that  my  bleeding  feet 

Learn  from  their  blessed  light  the  path  divine; 
And  if  in  happy  martyrdom  I  burn, 

'T  is  that  the  generous  fire  showeth  sweet 
The  joys  that  in  the  eternal  heaven  shine. 

M.  B.  A. 

Palermo,  Sicily. 


go0ks. 


A  GREAT  AMERICAN  POLITICIAN.* 

Few  Americans  better  deserve  the  appella- 
tion of  "  great  politician  "  than  William  H. 
Seward.    Born  in  1801,  he  was  already  a  party 
leader  in  his  county  at  the  early  age  of  23,  and 
he  continued   active  or  interested  in  politics 
until  his  final  retirement  forty- five  years  after- 
wards at  the  age  of  69.    For  much  more  than 
half  of  this  period  he  was  in  public  office.    He 
was  State  Senator,  1829-1833  ;  Governor  of 
his  State,  1839-1843  ;  United  States  Senator, 
1849-1861  ;  and  Secretary  of  State,  186}- 
1869,  —  making  in  all  twenty-eight  years  of 
official     life.      Moreover,     during    seventeen 
years  of  the  forty-five  years  that  he  was  out 
of  office  he  was  not  out  of  politics,  for,  as  his 
present  biographer  remarks,  speaking  of  the 
period  following  his  retirement  from  the  State 
Senate,  "  he  always  had  time  for  profitable 
politics,  and  he  knew  how  to  plan."    He  some- 
times wearied  of  political  conflicts  and  party 
strife ;  he  sometimes   spoke  of  his  principal 
employment  for  so  many  years  in  the  tone  of 
disgust,  painting  at  the  same  time  "  a  fond 
picture  of  retirement  —  his  otium  cum  digni- 
tate  —  oceans  of  leisure  in  midst  of  shrubs  and 
flowers,  as  he  jocosely  translated  it  ";  but  there 
is  less  of  this  self-deluding  sentiment  in  his 
biography  than  is  to  be  found  in  the  biographies 
of  most  public  men  of  equal  eminence.    When 
he  retired  from  the  State  Senate  in  1833  and 
returned  to  the  "  much-coveted  quiet  of  his  study 
and  profession,"  he  wrote  to  his  friend  Weed 
rejoicing  that  he  was  "  free  from  the  wearying 
and  *  unprofitable  life  '  that  he  had  been  living 
at  Albany,  and  hoped  that  he  was  at  home  to 
remain  for  a  long  time  ";  but  he  significantly 
added :    "  Keep  me  informed   upon  political 
matters,  and  take  care  that  you  do  not  so  far 
get  absorbed  in  professional  occupations  that 
you  will  cease  to  care  for  me  as  a  politician." 
When  a  politician  calls  in  his  next  friend  in 
such  fashion  as  this,  he  is  not  very  likely  to 
need  his  assistance.    "  The  world  knows,"  says 
our  author,  in  relating  this  incident,  "  what  the 
politician    means    when    he    says   farewell." 
Seward  spoke  his  true  nature  when,  at  the  same 
perfod  of  his  life,  he  wrote : 

"  I  shall,  from  the  force  of  constitutional  bias,  be 
found  always  mingling  in  the  controversies  which  agi- 
tate the  country.  Enthusiasm  for  the  right  and  ambi- 

*THB  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD.  By  Frederick 
Bancroft.  With  portraits.  In  two  volumes.  New  York : 
Harper  &  Brothers. 


118 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


tion  for  personal  distinction  are  passions  of  which  I 
cannot  divest  myself,  and  while  every  day's  experience 
is  teaching  me  that  the  former  is  the  very  agent  which 
must  defeat  the  latter,  I  am  far  from  believing  that  I 
should  be  most  happy  were  I  to  withdraw  altogether 
from  political  action." 

The  following  addendum  reveals  that  even 
then  he  was  an  adept  in  the  genial  optimistic 
philosophy  which  he  so  freely  dispensed  to 
others  and  employed  so  soothingly  in  his  own 
case  in  after  life. 

"I  shall  go  on  as  always,  adopting  what  my  judg- 
ment and  my  conscience  approve.  If  my  career  ends 
where  it  now  is,  I  shall  have  enjoyed,  if  not  all  I  de- 
served, as  much  of  success  as  is  my  reasonable  share. 
If  success  comes  as  it  hitherto  has  done,  when  I  am 
laboring  in  what  seems  to  me  the  right  cause,  it  will  be 
doubly  gratifying,  because  it  will  bring  no  remorse." 

The  fact  is,  William  H.  Seward's  mind  and 
temper  were  thoroughly  political,  and  he  could 
no  more  keep  out  of  politics  than  a  fish  can 
keep  out  of  water. 

The  character  of  Mr.  Seward's  life  naturally 
determines  the  character  of  Mr.  Bancroft's 
book.  Seward  was,  indeed,  much  more  than 
a  politician.  Ho  was  a  man  of  large  mental 
and  social  cultivation  ;  he  delighted  in  nature 
and  travel,  and  actually  travelled  far  more  than 
most  of  his  compeers  in  public  life ;  he  was  a 
lawyer,  and  rose  to  a  high  place,  although  not 
to  the  highest  place,  in  his  profession.  More- 
over, some  of  the  author's  most  pleasing  chap- 
ters deal  with  these  interesting  topics,  such  as 
"  Travels,"  "  Seward  as  a  Lawyer,"  "  Some 
Personal  Traits  and  Characteristics,"  the  "  Man 
and  Senator ";  but  such  themes  altogether, 
including  the  first  years  and  last  years  of  life, 
fill  fewer  than  100  of  the  1225  pages  that 
make  up  the  two  volumes.  The  work  is  em- 
phatically a  political  biography.  Still,  we  do 
not  wish  to  imply  that  Seward  was  not  states- 
man as  well  as  politician. 

With  all  his  tact  and  arts  of  conciliation, 
traits  in  which  he  greatly  excelled,  Mr.  Seward 
sharply  divided  men  in  opinion  while  he  was 
living  ;  and  it  is  inevitable  that  any  writer  who 
deals  with  his  history,  if  he  attempts  more  than 
a  bald  sketch,  will  divide  his  readers  now  that 
Seward  has  long  been  dead. 

First,  there  is  the  selection  from  the  mass  of 
material  of  such  matter  as  will,  when  properly 
presented,  give  a  full  and  fair  view  of  Seward's 
life  and  character.  Here  we  think  Mr.  Ban- 
croft is  deserving  of  commendation.  He  has 
studied  his  subject  with  evident  thoroughness, 
and  has  shown  good  judgment  in  the  selection 
of  his  matter.  Mr.  Seward's  entry  into  public 
life  was  coincident  with  the  sound  and  fury 


that  made  up  political  anti-masonry  ;  he  iden- 
tified himself  with  the  Whig  party  at  its  form- 
ation, and  continued,  not  merely  a  Whig,  but 
a  prominent  Whig  leader,  until  the  dissolution 
of  the  party  ;  he  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  Re- 
publicans soon  after  the  organization  of  that 
party,  rose  to  the  highest  place  in  its  councils 
but  one,  and,  although  he  became  widely  sepa- 
rated from  many  of  his  old  colleagues  after  the 
Civil  War,  he  still  favored  the  Republican 
Presidential  candidates  in  1868  and  1872. 
Here  is  a  great  variety  of  topics  of  the  highest 
interest,  and  Mr.  Bancroft  has  so  handled  them 
as  to  make  perfectly  clear  what  they  are  in 
themselves  and  what  were  Mr.  Seward's  rela- 
tions to  them.  While  we  should  have  been 
pleased  to  see  a  little  better  sense  of  proportion 
in  some  parts  of  the  work,  we  do  not  feel  that  we 
have  serious  cause  for  complaint.  Our  severest 
criticism  would  be  that  the  last  years  of 
Seward's  official  life  have  been  passed  over  too 
hurriedly.  Some  events  of  Johnson's  adminis- 
tration, as  his  quarrel  with  Grant,  may  be  re- 
ferred to.  It  will  be  remembered  that  in  the 
celebrated  issue  of  "  veracity  "  between  the 
President  and  the  General,  Seward,  in  a  way, 
endorsed  his  chief ;  but  the  incident  is  not 
mentioned  in  these  pages. 

But,  secondly,  the  crucial  test  comes  on  the 
question  of  interpretation  :  what  do  the  facts 
mean  ?  Mr.  Bancroft  has  been  severely  criti- 
cised for  both  the  amount  and  the  character  of 
the  commentary  that  he  has  incorporated  in  his 
history.  He  is  continually  interpolating,  it  is 
charged,  unnecessary  and  unjust  explanations 
of  Seward's  utterances  and  acts,  particularly  in 
the  first  volume,  which  closed  with  the  Presi- 
dential election  of  1860.  We  have  not  space 
to  deal  with  this  subject  directly,  farther  than 
to  observe  that  this  volume  does  not,  on  the 
whole,  leave  on  the  mind  a  favorable  impres- 
sion of  Mr.  Seward  as  a  politician,  but  rather 
distinctly  the  contrary. 

Indirectly,  however,  we  wish  to  say  that 
Mr.  Seward  constantly  challenges  discussion 
and  provokes  commentary.  He  was  not  a 
man  of  simple  but  rather  of  complex  mental 
character ;  few  of  our  eminent  statesmen  have 
been  more  so ;  he  is  constantly  arousing  the 
activity  of  the  harmonist  or  of  the  critic ;  and 
the  biographer  who  should  confine  himself  to 
the  plain  story,  abjuring  all  attempts  at  inter- 
pretation, would  show  a  rare  power  of  self- 
abnegation.  The  principal  questions  are  not 
only  historically  interesting  but  they  are  deeply 
rooted  in  the  character  of  the  man.  What  did 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


119 


Seward  really  mean  by  the  "  higher  law,"  the 
"  irrepressible  conflict,"  the  peace-in-sixty-days 
prophecies,  and  by  his  proposal  to  Mr.  Lincoln 
in  the  month  of  April,  1861,  that  war  at  home 
should  be  averted,  or  an  attempt  be  made  to 
avert  it,  by  wantonly  getting  up  war  abroad  ? 
The  biographer,  especially  if  psychologically 
inclined,  feels  bound  to  make  answer  to  these 
questions  ;  but  to  make  answer  is  to  provoke 
disagreement.  In  complexity  of  character, 
Mr.  Seward  reminds  us  of  Jefferson,  of  whom 
one  of  the  best  known  of  American  historians 
says  that  he  cannot  be  sketched  in  outline,  but 
must  be  painted  "  stroke  by  stroke."  We  do 
not  undertake  to  propound  theories  relative  to 
these  interesting  questions ;  but  for  us,  how- 
ever it  may  be  with  others,  Mr.  Bancroft  states 
the  substance  of  truth  when  he  says  that 
William  H.  Seward  was  two  men  in  one,  John 
Quincy  Adams  and  Thurlow  Weed  —  "  not  less 
eager  to  inherit  the  mantle  of  the  one  than  to  be 
the  beneficiary  of  the  schemes  and  power  of  the 
other,"  but  equally  sincere  in  both  cases.  Our 
author  says,  dealing  with  the  Senatorial  period : 
"  Seward  continued  to  hear  the  two  voices  —  in  fact, 
he  continued  to  act  two  distinct  roles.  It  was  John 
Quincy  Adams  Seward  that  uttered  the  telling  phrases 
and  made  the  severe  arraignments  and  was  the  hope  of 
the  radicals  like  Gerrit  Smith,  Theodore  Parker,  and, 
at  times,  of  the  Garrisonians.  He  usually  favored 
what  was  boldest  and  most  extreme  if  it  stopped  short 
of  violence.  On  the  other  hand,  Thurlow  Weed  Seward 
kept  in  close  relations  with  the  party  organization;  he 
watched  the  plans  of  the  politicians,  changed  the  pro- 
gramme to  suit  conditions,  and  tried  to  win  all  classes 
of  men.  Adams  Seward  was  ardently  anti-slavery  and 
expected  to  live  in  history  as  a  great  philanthropist. 
Weed  Seward  was  determined  to  control  the  patronage 
and  to  live  in  the  White  House.  The  one  regarded 
himself  as  a  martyr  to  a  sacred  cause,  and  wrote:  'I 
am  alone,  in  the  Senate  and  in  Congress,  and  about  in 
the  United  States,  alone.  While  adhering  faithfully  to 
the  Whigs,  I  dare  to  hold  on  the  disallowed  right  of 
disenfranchised  men  and  classes.  I  must  stand  in  that 
solitude  and  maintain  it,  or  fall  altogether.'  The  other 
was  alone  in  deciding  which  principles  and  theories 
should  be  given  prominence  and  which  should  be  ig- 
nored or  explained  away.  The  result  was  that  Seward 
continued  to  be  the  political  favorite  of  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  champions  of  freedom  and  of  ardent  youth- 
ful voters  of  the  best  impulses,  as  well  as  of  the  prac- 
tical men  and  hard-headed  politicians,  calculating  on 
tendencies  and  eager  for  office." 

The  meaning  of  all  this  is  that  Mr.  Seward 
was  a  thorough-going  opportunist,  but  certainly 
not  an  opportunist  of  the  baser  sort.  That  he 
often  saw  far  into  the  future,  and  with  perfect 
clearness,  is  true  beyond  question ;  but  then 
again,  politician  that  he  was,  he  sometimes 
showed  himself  wholly  blind  to  impending  po- 
litical changes  of  the  most  important  character. 


For  one  thing,  he  was  slow  to  believe  in  the 
disruption  of  existing  parties  and  the  formation 
of  new  ones.  At  first  he  inclined  to  the  Demo- 
cratic-Republican party  that  Jefferson  had 
founded,  to  which  his  father  was  firmly  at- 
tached ;  but  it  was  as  impossible  for  him  to 
act  with  that  party,  in  the  long  run,  as  it  was 
for  him  not  to  be  a  politician  at  all.  He  was 
impelled  toward  the  other  school  of  political 
thought  by  his  mental  character,  as  well  as  by 
his  dislike  of  the  Albany  Regency  ;  so  that  it 
was  predetermined,  as  far  as  such  things  are 
predetermined,  that  he  should  be  first  a  Whig 
and  then  a  Republican.  But  first  he  toyed 
with  the  Anti-Masonic  party.  Young  as  he 
was  in  those  days,  Seward  could  hardly  have 
had  any  faith  in  this  movement  as  Anti-Ma- 
sonry, and  must  have  been  drawn  to  it,  or 
driven  to  it,  as  the  only  effectual  or  practical 
way  of  opposing  the  party  then  in  power,  and 
of  promoting  certain  objects  in  which  he  was 
interested  that  had  become  associated  with  the 
Anti-Masonic  movement.  But  with  the  Whigs, 
and  later  the  Republicans,  with  their  large 
national  views,  he  was  in  his  element. 

Reverting  to  Seward's  partial  defect  in  po- 
litical prevision,  one  is  surprised  to  find  him 
writing  to  Charles  Sumner  after  the  crushing 
defeat  of  the  Whigs  in  1852,  when  many  lead- 
ing men  considered  the  defeat  annihilation  : 

"  I  answer  that  just  now  there  is  nothing  to  say,  only 
that  recent  events  are  what  they  were  or  might  have 
been  foreseen,  and  that  they  do  not  disturb  me  in  the 
least.  No  new  party  will  arise,  nor  will  any  old  one  fall. 
The  issue  will  not  change.  We  shall  go  on  much  as 
heretofore,  I  think,  only  that  the  last  effort  to  convert 
the  Whig  party  to  slavery  has  failed." 

Two  years  after  this,  the  New  York  "  Times," 
which  reflected  the  sentiments  of  Seward  and 
Weed,  repeatedly  predicted  both  Seward's 
nomination  as  a  Whig  candidate  for  the  Presi- 
dency, and  his  election,  in  1856.  Seward  did 
not  look  for  the  dissolution  of  the  Whig  party. 
Naturally,  therefore,  he  took  no  part  in  the 
efforts  made  in  1854  to  organize  the  Anti- 
Slavery  forces  of  the  country  —  efforts  that  led 
to  the  formation  of  the  Republican  party,  of 
which  he  was  proud  a  little  later  to  be  the 
great  leader — but  rather  discouraged  them. 
Naturally,  too,  Greeley  wrote  in  "The  Trib- 
une," when  the  New  York  election  was  over : 
"  Instead,  however,  of  taking  the  position  which  cir- 
cumstances and  his  own  antecedents  seemed  to  require, 
Mr.  Seward,  adhering  to  the  vacated  shell  of  Whiggery, 
has  stood  aside  and  allowed  the  great  movement  of  the 
Free  States  to  go  forward  without  a  word  of  bold  and 
hearty  encouragement  from  its  natural  leader.  The 
result  is  recorded  in  the  returns  of  this  election." 


120 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


But  Mr.  Seward  had  a  personal  reason  for 
going  slowly  at  this  time.  His  senatorial  term 
would  expire  in  1855,  and  he  did  not  wish  to 
fall  between  stools.  Here  was  more  oppor- 
tunism. What  is  more,  the  hesitancy  and  in- 
decision which  marks  men  of  speculative  mind, 
when  the  time  comes  for  action,  was  no  doubt 
a  factor  in  the  problem,  as  it  was  in  many 
other  problems  in  Mr.  Seward's  life.  No 
doubt,  too,  such  hesitancy  or  indecision  is  a 
part  of  opportunism.  It  is  natural  that  a  poli- 
tician should  be  slow  to  believe  that  a  great 
party  that  he  has  served  and  loved,  and  to 
which  he  is  looking  for  favors,  should  be  mori- 
bund ;  but  Seward  should  have  seen,  at  least 
after  1852,  that  such  was  the  state  of  the 
Whigs. 

Still,  it  was  in  those  very  days,  perhaps,  that 
Seward  rendered  his  country  the  greatest  ser- 
vice. This  he  did  in  the  early,  powerful,  and 
constant  testimony  that  he  bore  against  Slavery. 
Of  politicians  of  high  rank,  he  was  the  first  to 
discern  the  true  nature  of  the  peculiar  institu- 
tion, to  see  where  it  was  bearing  the  country, 
to  oppose  it  stoutly  on  high  moral  and  political 
grounds,  and  to  foretell  what  the  end  would  be 
—  freedom  victorious  over  slavery.  Witness 
his  speech  to  the  Whigs  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve, made  at  Cleveland  in  1848.  To  be  sure, 
there  was  much  in  his  life  that  was  inconsistent 
with  his  lofty  avowal  of  principle ;  but,  poli- 
tician as  he  was,  he  did  not  believe  that  the 
ends  which  he  sought  could  be  gained  without 
the  aid  of  a  powerful  political  party,  and  so  he 
clung  to  the  Whigs  even  when  it  is  hard  to  see 
how  any  man  of  his  clearness  of  vision  could 
discover  any  real  soundness  in  the  party. 

With  his  defeat  at  Chicago  in  I860,  Mr. 
Seward  seems  definitively  to  have  abandoned 
his  presidential  ambition  ;  and  with  such  aban- 
donment, his  political  life,  Mr.  Bancroft  holds, 
ascended  to  a  higher  level.  He  accounts  him  the 
greatest  of  American  Secretaries  of  State,  and 
believes  that  the  estimation  in  which  his  great 
services  in  that  office  are  held  by  the  American 
people  will  increase  rather  than  diminish  as 
the  years  go  by.  A  man  of  generous  feeling, 
who  agrees  in  the  main  with  Seward's  political 
ideas,  can  hardly  fail  to  sympathize  with  him 
in  the  great  disappointment  of  his  life ;  but 
when  we  recall  Seward's  opportunism,  and 
especially  the  manifestations  of  his  opportun- 
ism in  the  period  between  the  election  of  Mr. 
Xiincoln  and  the  conclusive  joining  of  the  issue 
in  the  succeeding  year  —  reflecting  upon  the 
uncertainty  of  the  result,  if  it  had  been  left  in 


Seward's  hands — one  can  hardly  fail  to  see 
that  the  country  had  a  fortunate  escape  from 
probable  if  not  certain  peril  when  the  nomina- 
tion went  to  the  comparatively  unknown  can- 
didate from  Illinois. 

It  remains  only  to  add  that  Mr.  Bancroft 
has  made  a  valuable  contribution  to  a  very  im- 
portant part  of  our  political  history. 

B.  A.  HlNSDALE. 


NATURE  BY  Dowx  AND  PAVE.* 


In  Mr.  W.  H.  Hudson's  large  and  handsome 
volume  entitled  "  Nature  in  Downland,"  the 
term  "  Downland  "  is  applied  to  the  range  of 
low  treeless  hills  popularly  known  as  the  South 
Downs,  which  run  parallel  with  the  line  of  the 
sea-coast  in  the  county  of  Sussex,  England. 
The  hills  are  of  chalk  formation,  with  soft 
rounded  outlines  and  fluted  sides,  and  are  cov- 
ered with  a  thick  fine  turf  which  affords  the 
best  of  pasturage  for  the  famous  breed  of  sheep 
bearing  the  name  of  the  hills  on  which  they 
feed. 

To  the  average  mind,  these  bare  and  monoto- 
nous elevations,  as  they  are  delineated  by  the 
author,  and  by  the  artist  who  assists  him,  are 
not  particularly  prepossessing ;  yet  upon  Mr. 
Hudson  they  exercised  a  fascination  so  absorb- 
ing and  persistent  that  for  weeks  and  months 
of  the  year  1899  he  was  rambling  over  them,  a 
solitary  but  diligent  student  of  their  varying 
aspects  and  productions.  Neither  the  heats  of 
midsummer  nor  the  storm  and  gloom  of  winter 
had  force  to  lessen  his  enthusiasm.  In  storm 
or  shine,  in  August  or  December,  he  was 
pleased  to  be  out  in  the  open  alone,  quietly 
noting  the  changes  in  earth  and  sky  and  in  the 
wild  life  that  came  under  his  observation. 

It  was  a  singular  choice  of  pastime  or  indus- 
try, judged  by  ordinary  standards,  but  to  him 
the  returns  were  ample  in  satisfaction.  Clad 
in  a  suit  of  grayish-brown  tweeds,  of  the  tint 
and  texture  best  adapted  to  the  purpose  of  the 
field  naturalist — that  of  approaching  unnoticed 
the  bird  or  beast  his  eye  was  fixed  on,  —  he 
prolonged  his  daily  tramp  for  ten  or  twelve 
hours  together.  For  food  when  hungry  and  for 
shelter  at  nightfall,  he  depended  upon  the  hos- 
pitality of  the  cottagers  whose  humble  habita- 

*  NATURE  IN  DOWNLAND.  By  W.  H.  Hudson.  New  York : 
Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 

FLOWERS  IN  THE  PAVE.  By  Charles  M.  Skinner.  With 
Illustrations  by  Elizabeth  Shippen  Green  and  Edward  Stratton 
Holloway.  Philadelphia:  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


121 


tions  are  found  at  long  intervals  in  the  desert- 
like  region. 

He  carried  no  weapon  of  offense  or  defense, 
his  intent  being  kindly  toward  every  living 
creature,  but  he  was  never  without  one  invari- 
able companion,  a  powerful  binocular,  of  all 
man's  inventions  that  which  to  him  "  was  the 
most  like  a  divine  gift."  Nothing  was  too  small 
or  too  mean  to  engage  his  attention  with  the 
help  of  this  valuable  aid  to  the  vision.  For 
hours  he  could  gaze  on  the  thistle-down  filling 
the  air,  and  he  made  it  the  subject  of  pages  of 
reminiscent  and  original  comment.  The  plants 
underfoot,  the  insects  in  the  air,  "  the  little 
winged  men  and  women  called  birds,"  the  ani- 
mals clothed  in  scales  or  in  fur,  the  clouds  in 
the  sky,  all  that  is  included  in  Nature,  was  the 
subject  of  his  careful  and  minute  consideration. 
He  had  the  fine  instinct  which  enables  one  to 
discern  the  beauty  inherent  in  everything,  "  the 
beauty  and  grace  and  sweetness  and  melody  " 
that  exist  everywhere.  It  was  this  that  made 
"  every  hour  of  the  day  and  every  step  of  the 
way,"  during  his  months  of  solitary  sauntering 
on  the  South  Downs,  a  keen  and  pure  delight 
such  as  the  world  dreams  not  of. 

Mr.  Hudson  has  heretofore  made  valuable 
contributions  to  the  facts  of  natural  history. 
His  youth  was  spent  on  the  plains  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  and  at  this  early  period  of  life 
he  developed  a  talent  for  searching  and  accu- 
rate inquiry  into  the  secrets  of  the  wild  life 
about  him,  and  an  equal  ability  for  reporting 
the  discoveries  that  resulted.  During  his  later 
sojourn  in  England  he  has  continued  in  the 
same  line  of  study,  and  his  work  has  a  value 
justly  esteemed  by  the  fellows  of  his  craft. 
The  present  volume  is  a  comprehensive  survey 
of  the  structure,  the  surface,  the  specialties  of 
the  pastoral  region  of  Sussex,  not  excluding  its 
human  characteristics.  The  narrative  is  in 
harmony  with  the  subject,  serene  and  unevent- 
ful. A  series  of  expressive  illustrations  accom- 
pany the  letter-press. 

Mr.  Charles  M.  Skinner  has  made  his  mark 
as  a  clever  writer,  always  spirited  and  amusing, 
and  at  times  brilliant.  His  name  attached  to 
a  volume  is  therefore  a  definite  recommenda- 
tion. In  the  one  now  before  us,  "Flowers  in 
the  Pave,"  he  has  brought  together  eleven  short 
sketches,  most  of  which  relate  to  his  experi- 
ences in  contact  with  Nature.  It  is  from  the 
point  of  view  of  a  nature-lover  that  he  chiefly 
discourses,  and  many  a  bright,  poetical,  tender, 
and  pathetic  thing  does  he  say  to  us  in  this 
amiable  character. 


It  is  a  happy  temperament  which  Mr.  Skinner 
possesses,  the  aesthetic  temperament  with  its  gift 
for  seeing  the  pictures  and  hearing  the  music 
of  the  universe.  He  is  aware  of  these  moving 
sights  and  sounds  in  the  city  streets,  the  back 
yards,  the  alleys  even,  and  they  appeal  to  him 
with  persuasive  joy  by  night  as  by  day.  Such 
spirits  among  us  have  a  mission  to  fulfil.  It 
is  to  awaken  others  to  a  sense  of  the  delights 
which  are  common  to  all,  which  are  as  cheap 
as  the  daylight,  and  as  much  at  our  command 
as  the  air  we  breathe.  Mr.  Skinner  appreciates 
the  obligation  which  his  gift  Jays  upon  him, 
and  faithfully  endeavors  to  communicate  his 
pleasure  in  the  beauty  with  which  Nature  sur- 
rounds us  even  in  the  densest  cities'  confines. 
In  a  characteristic  passage,  he  says  : 

"  There  is  always  the  sky;  the  stars  are  lighted  after 
dark;  some  yards  boast  a  spear  or  two  of  grass;  dis- 
tance will  not  be  cheated  of  its  magic,  nor  wholly  shut 
off  by  buildings;  there  is  even  a  tree  uow  and  again; 
and  birds,  dogs,  cats,  and  children  bring  a  touch  of  free 
life  to  the  scene.  .  .  .  Some  of  the  best  hours  in  a 
man's  life  are  those  when  he  is  beholden  to  nothing  and 
nobody,  when  he  simply  looks  at  the  sky  or  the  woods 
or  the  hills,  or  from  his  window  gazes  into  tree-tops, — 
clean  and  rare  delight." 

The  foregoing  passage  is  taken  from  the 
first  and  longest  piece  in  the  book.  Next  to 
this  in  our  favor  is  the  final  essay,  which  is  a 
grateful  exposition  of  "  The  Kindness  of  Na- 
ture." We  hear  so  much  uow-a-days  of  the 
cruelty  of  our  earth-mother  that  a  testimony  to 
her  loving  intent  toward  her  children  comes 
with  peculiar  graciousness.  We  make  room 
for  a  bit  of  this  to  show  the  force  of  the  au- 
thor's argument : 

"  For  one  who  is  crushed  beneath  a  falling  tree  are 
there  not  a  hundred  thousand  who  eat  its  fruit,  who  re- 
joice in  its  shade,  who  breathe  a  purified  air  about  it, 
who  bask  in  its  heat  when  it  gives  back  its  store  of 
sunshine  in  our  fireplace  on  a  winter  night?  For  one 
who  succeeds  in  filling  himself  with  malaria,  through 
careless  living,  think  how  many  find  only  health  and 
beauty  and  food  and  business  in  the  fields.  ...  In  the- 
perfect  order  of  Nature  we  read  a  kindness  that  is- 
deeper  than  our  ability  to  adjust  ourselves  to  it.  Man. 
is  more  abusive  than  the  earth.  He  slays  for  gain,  he 
slays  for  sport,  he  fells  the  woods,  he  blasts  the  hills, 
he  dries  the  streams,  he  mars  loveliness,  he  lives  un- 
beautifully,  until  he  gets  intelligence  and  sees  that  the 
rest  of  creation  thrives  by  opposite  conduct,  when  he 
begins  to  act  with  modesty  and  to  harmonize  his  actions, 
to  those  of  the  rest  of  the  world." 

Mr.  Skinner  is  an  optimist  as  well  as  a  na- 
ture-lover, and  preaches  his  glad  gospel  at 
every  proper  opening.  It  is  enlivening  to  hear 
him  say : 

"  I  believe  that  the  human  type  is  bettering  all  the 
time,  in  spite  of  the  people  one  meets  in  city  slums  and 


122 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept  1, 


other  unexcellent  places,  where  they  seem  to  be  sinking 
back  from  the  standard." 

And  again : 

"  Do  away  with  occasion  for  gloom.  It  is  well  with 
the  rest  of  the  world,  so,  why  not  with  us?  Let 's  be 
glad  we  were  born,  instead  of  sorry  that  other  folks 
were.  The  hospitable  state  of  mind  is  best,  because  it 
is  most  like  nature." 

We  will  make  one  more  extract,  because  of 
its  pungent  suggestion  ; 

"  In  my  days  of  solitude  in  the  fields  the  city  weight 
falls  off  and  I  spring  erect  like  a  pine  released  after 
long  bending.  I  live.  I  find  myself.  God  forgive  me 
for  selling  so  much  of  my  life  for  wages." 

It  is  a  sane  and  wholesome  soul  that  can 
speak  like  this.  Mr.  Skinner  reveres  his  in- 
stincts, and  cherishes  them  ;  therefore  it  is 
that  amidst  the  cark  and  care  that  business  in 
a  city  inevitably  imposes,  there  is  still  much 
saving  "  music  and  song  "  in  his  daily  life. 

After  the  examples  we  have  given  of  the 
dash  and  humor  and  charm  in  Mr.  Skinner's 
essays,  we  are  forced  to  express  the  conviction 
that  he  could  do  much  better  if  he  desired,  and 
that  we  ought  really  to  demand  a  higher  order 
of  writing  from  a  man  with  his  pronounced 
and  versatile  talents.  It  is  easy  to  imagine  the 
finished  work  he  might  produce  with  delibera- 
tion and  care  and  with  the  righteous  ambition 
which  should  be  a  part  of  the  equipment  of 
every  writer  who  asks  the  ear  of  the  public. 
SARA  A.  HUBBARD. 


THE  ROMANTIC  HISTORY  OP  TEXAS.* 


There  is,  perhaps,  no  State  in  the  Union 
which  possesses  so  individual,  so  striking,  so 
picturesque  a  past  as  Texas.  Six  different 
sovereignties  have  in  turn  claimed  her  alle- 
giance. Discovered  and  traversed  by  the  ad- 
venturous Spaniards  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
no  contestant  appeared  until  La  Salle,  the  ex- 
plorer of  the  Mississippi,  landed  by  mischance 
on  the  shores  of  the  Espiritu  Santo,  in  1685, 
where  he  planted  his  short-lived  colony.  Then 
began  the  dispute  over  the  possession  of  the 
territory,  which  ended  only  with  the  Mexican 
War.  The  coming  of  the  French  caused  the 
Spaniards  to  occupy  the  country,  their  first 
establishment  dating  from  1690,  many  years 
before  the  hardy  pioneers  of  the  Atlantic  States 
had  crept  past  the  barrier  of  the  Alleghanies. 
More  than  a  hundred  years  elapsed  ere  the 

*A  COMPREHENSIVE  HISTORY  OF  TEXAS.  Edited  by 
Dudley  Q.  Wooten.  In  two  volumes.  Dallas,  Texas :  Pub- 
lished by  William  G.  Scarff. 


Anglo-Americans,  owning  the  sovereignty  of 
Mexico,  entered  that  region  as  colonists.  The 
time  was  short,  however,  after  their  coming 
until  the  province  was  in  a  state  of  insurrec- 
tion ;  an  insurrection  which  led  to  war  and 
independence.  The  republic  which  was  set  up, 
after  a  decade,  became  a  member  of  the  Union  ; 
but  when  the  great  rupture  of  the  States  came, 
Texas  cast  her  lot  with  the  South.  Since  that 
time  she  has  made  wonderful  progress  both  in 
material  development  and  in  the  wider  influ- 
ence exerted  on  national  affairs. 

From  this  bare  outline  it  must  be  perceived 
that  the  field  of  Texas  history  is  broad  and 
inviting.  It  is  therefore  with  pleasure  that  we 
note  the  recent  issue  of  what  the  publisher  well 
pronounces  an  Encyclopedia  of  Texas  History. 
The  text  is  made  up  in  the  first  part  of  Yoa- 
kuni's  "  History  of  Texas  "  with  some  "  sup- 
plemental "  chapters ;  in  the  second,  of  "  a 
complete  history  of  the  State  of  Texas  from 
1845  to  1897  ";  and  in  the  third,  of  a  series  of 
articles  covering  such  topics  as  the  "  Indian 
Tribes  of  Texas,"  etc.  The  republication  of 
Yoakum's  History,  of  which  only  a  limited  edi- 
tion ever  appeared  (1855),  is  an  important 
feature  of  the  work.  So  far  as  the  student  of 
history  is  concerned,  however,  much  of  the 
value  of  this  republication  is  lost  in  the  failure 
to  reprint  the  notes  and  citations  of  the  orig- 
inal author.  To  aggravate  this,  new  notes  are 
occasionally  added  by  F.  W.  Johnson,  from  his 
MS.  History  of  Texas,  which  frequently  take 
Yoakum  to  task  without  indicating  any  other 
authority  than  Mr.  Johnson.  This  is  always 
unfortunate,  for  the  student  has  no  clue  whereby 
he  may  continue  the  search  in  the  endeavor  to 
arrive  at  the  truth. 

The  sixteenth  century,  during  which  time 
Grijalva,  Pineda,  Cabeza  de  Vaca,  Guzman, 
Coronado,  and  others,  explored  parts  of  the 
State,  receives  only  passing  notice  in  this  work. 
The  history  proper  begins  with  the  landing  of 
La  Salle  on  the  coast  of  the  Espiritu  Santo  in 
February,  1685.  Sieur  de  La  Salle  sailed  to 
plant  a  colony  on  the  Mississippi,  then  known 
as  Rio  del  Espiritu  Santo ;  but  failing  in  his 
calculations,  he  entered  a  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Texas,  since  known  as  Matagorda.  La  Salle 
was  slain,  and  the  colony  came  to  an  end  a  few 
months  after  through  Indian  attacks  and  inter- 
nal dissensions.  But  the  Spaniards  in  Mexico 
had  heard  of  the  expedition,  and  soon  a  small 
army  was  on  the  soil  of  Texas.  Precarious 
settlements  were  made  as  the  Spaniards  became 
alarmed  for  the  safety  of  their  sovereign's  do- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


123 


minions.  The  State  and  Church  marched  hand 
in  hand  in  forming  missions :  the  territory 
would  be  preserved  and  the  Indians  converted. 
The  mission-founding  began  in  1690,  and  con- 
tinued irregularly  for  almost  a  century.  Nine- 
teen distinct  establishments  were  made  in  the 
territory  known  as  Texas.  This  most  unique 
and  interesting  epoch  —  the  Mission  period  — 
has  received  too  little  attention.  When  we 
consider  that  this  regime  lasted  until  the  com- 
ing of  the  American  colonists,  and  that  it 
affected  in  no  small  measure  the  social,  political, 
and  economic  development  of  the  State,  it  must 
become  apparent  that  the  subject  is  worthy  of 
more  extended  treatment  than  that  which  Yoa- 
kum  gave  it  fifty  years  ago. 

The  period  of  American  colonization  began 
with  Moses  Austin,  who  went  to  Mexico  in 
1820,  during  the  troublous  times  of  the  revo- 
lution, and  secured  a  grant  of  land  lying  in  the 
rich  valley  of  the  Colorado  river.  This  colony 
became  the  nucleus  of  the  present  State,  which 
now  ranks  seventh  in  population  in  the  Union. 
The  Austin  MSS.,  printed  in  articles  contrib- 
uted by  Guy  M.  Bryan,  throw  much  light  on 
the  development  of  the  colonies  which  were 
rapidly  filled  with  emigrants  from  the  "  over- 
crowded "  States. 

The  result  of  the  occupation  of  Texas  might 
have  been  forecast.  Two  peoples,  with  such 
distinct  customs  and  ideas  as  the  Americans 
and  their  Mexican  rulers,  could  not  hope  to 
dwell  in  peace.  By  the  year  1835  contentions 
and  usurpations  led  to  insurrection  and  war ; 
1836  found  Santa  Anna,  the  despot  of  Mexico, 
in  the  hands  of  the  Texans  as  a  result  of  the 
great  victory  of  San  Jacinto.  In  March  of 
that  year  independence  was  declared.  Such  a 
state  of  affairs  had  been  brought  about,  not  by 
the  slavery  party  of  the  South,  as  many  anti- 
slavery  writers  have  indicated,  but  chiefly  by 
the  original  colonists,  who  fought  for  their 
rights  in  the  first  place  with  no  idea  of  imme- 
diate freedom.  This  is  clearly  established  by 
documentary  evidence  which  must  be  consid- 
ered by  future  students  of  the  question  of 
slavery.  However,  there  remains  much  to  be 
done  in  the  way  of  writing  the  complete  history 
of  the  sharp  and  bloody  revolution  which  gave 
Texas  her  independence.  The  Mexican  version 
of  the  matter,  with  the  political  history  of  the 
colonies  during  the  conflict  and  through  the 
period  of  independent  existence,  offer  tempting 
inducements  to  the  investigator. 

At  the  time  of  the  revolution,  Texas  was 
inhabited  by  about  30,000  Anglo-Americans, 


5,000  slaves,  3,000  Mexicans,  and  14,000  In- 
dians. During  the  period  of  the  Republic, 
which  lasted  from  1836  to  1845,  the  popula- 
tion grew  at  a  tremendous  rate.  The  story  of 
the  annexation  is  well  told  in  these  volumes, 
in  an  essay  by  General  Sam  Bell  Maxey.  The 
struggle  in  the  State  itself  is  contrasted  with 
the  larger  controversy  which  was  precipitated 
in  the  Union  over  the  question  of  the  annexa- 
tion. The  full  import  of  the  accession  of 
Texas  on  the  politics  of  the  time,  on  the  slavery 
agitation,  on  the  aggressive  spirit  of  the  nation, 
is  not  brought  out  satisfactorily.  Indeed,  thus 
far  the  subject  of  the  Mexican  War  has  received 
no  adequate  or  competent  treatment.  The 
causes  which  gave  rise  to  it  were  not  all  of 
recent  growth  ;  some  of  them  dated  from  the 
Louisiana  Purchase,  some  earlier,  some  later. 
The  immediate  cause  of  the  Mexican  War  — 
the  annexation  of  Texas  —  has  been  allowed 
to  obscure  all  others.  The  Mexican  govern- 
ment, at  that  time  rent  by  faction  and  revo- 
lution, inherited  the  odium  which  had  been 
originally  Spain's  —  and  suffered  in  conse- 
quence. In  another  sense,  the  Mexican  War 
was  a  manifestation  of  the  predatory  tendencies 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race. 

From  the  Mexican  War  to  1895  the  history 
is  narrated  by  ex-Governor  Oran  M.  Roberts, 
recently  deceased.  It  is  a  concise,  praiseworthy 
discussion,  which,  however,  deals  primarily 
with  political  aspects.  The  history  of  the 
growth  of  parties  in  the  State  is  not  so  well 
told  elsewhere.  Naturally,  having  played  a 
part  in  the  proceedings  himself,  some  allow- 
ance must  occasionally  be  made  for  the  per- 
sonal element.  The  exciting  years  which  pre- 
ceded the  Civil  War  are  well  presented.  The 
division  of  the  people  over  the  question  of 
secession  is  notable ;  the  contest  was  bitterly 
waged,  but,  once  committed  to  a  policy,  the 
State  stood  manfully  by  its  position. 

The  more  recent  events,  as  well  as  many  of 
the  essays,  have  interest  only  for  those  vitally 
concerned  with  the  history  of  the  State.  How- 
ever, some  of  the  special  articles  are  noteworthy 
contributions  to  the  history  of  the  Southwest. 
Examples  are  "  The Fredonian  War,"  "Official 
Documents,  Laws,  Decrees,  and  Regulations 
Pertaining  to  Austin's  Colonies,"  "  The  Indian 
Tribes  of  Texas,"  "  Spanish  and  Mexican  Titles 
to  Land  in  Texas,  their  Origin  and  History, 
1691-1835."  The  last  contribution,  "The 
Results  of  Fifty  Years  of  Progress  in  Texas," 
is  a  fitting  close  to  the  history. 

The  arrangement  of  the   materials  might 


124 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


have  been  varied  a  little  with  profit ;  but  lack 
of  unity,  from  the  nature  of  the  case,  could 
not  have  been  avoided.  The  failure  to  cite, 
from  page  to  page,  the  authorities  and  sources 
drawn  upon,  detracts  much  from  the  worth  of 
the  History.  It  must  be  said,  too,  that  a  few 
of  the  contributions  are  hardly  more  than 
memoirs  —  but  memoirs  of  much  import.  An 
ample  index  adds  much  to  the  convenience  of 
the  reader.  The  two  thousand  pages  of  the 
two  volumes,  with  their  three  hundred  and 
sixty-four  illustrations,  exhibit  a  neatness  and 
finish  which  would  do  credit  to  any  publishing 
house.  In  fine,  the  work  as  a  whole  marks 
an  epoch  in  the  making  of  Texas  history. 

WALTER  F.  MCCALEB. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 

When  Mr.  Robert  Herrick  published  "  The  Gos- 
pel of  Freedom,"  a  year  or  two  ago,  he  gave  evidence 
of  a  degree  of  constructive  skill  and  artistic  sincerity 
that  augured  well  for  whatever  future  work  he 
might  produce.  Up  to  that  time  his  work  had  been 
tentative  and  confined  within  narrow  limits  ;  he  had 
undertaken  nothing  of  really  ambitious  design.  But 
"The  Gospel  of  Freedom"  at  once  gave  him  an 
assured  place  among  our  serious  novelists,  and  sug- 
gested even  finer  powers  than  it  exhibited.  Of  his 
new  novel,  "  The  Web  of  Life,"  we  are  not  justified 
in  faying  that  it  exhibits  an  advance  upon  the  earlier 
work,  but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  there  has  been  no 
retrogression.  It  is  a  strongly  conceived  domestic 
story,  filled  with  earnestness  and  fine  idealism. 
Possibly  the  idealism  is  somewhat  too  impatient, 
and  the  earnestness  too  unrelieved  by  those  lighter 
touches  that  writers  of  more  experience,  however 
serious  their  ultimate  purpose,  usually  contrive  to 
add  ;  but  these  defects  —  if  such  they  be  —  do  not 

*  THE  WEB  OF  LIFE.  By  Robert  Herrick.  New  York: 
The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  PRELUDE  AND  THE  PLAT.  By  Ruf  us  Mann.  Boston : 
Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

UNLEAVENED  BREAD.  By  Robert  Grant.  New  York: 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

THE  ACTION  AND  THE  WORD.  By  Brander  Matthews. 
New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

ROBERT  TOUHNAY.  A  Romance  of  the  French  Revolution. 
By  William  Sage.  Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

THE  BLACK  TERROR.  A  Romance  of  Russia.  By  John  A. 
Leys.  Boston:  L.  C.  Page  &  Co. 

THE  TOUCHSTONE.  By  Edith  Wharton.  New  York : 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

SENATOR  NORTH.  By  Gertrude  Atherton.  New  York: 
John  Lane. 

THE  REBEL.  By  H.  B.  Marriott  Watson.  New  York: 
Harper  &  Brothers. 

A  KENT  SQUIRE.  By  Frederick  W.  Hayes.  New  York : 
The  F.  M.  Lupton  Publishing  Co. 

FEO.  A  Romance.  By  Max  Pemberton.  New  York : 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 


weigh  very  much  against  the  admirable  accomplish- 
ment of  the  book.  The  hero  is  a  young  man  of 
fine  impulses  set  in  the  midst  of  a  sordid  society, 
and  revolting  with  his  whole  soul  against  the  gross 
and  selfish  ideals  that  surround  him  on  every  hand. 
His  revolt  is  so  extreme  that  he  casts  aside  what  are 
commonly  considered  "  opportunities  "  for  advance- 
ment, and  goes  so  far  as  to  defy  all  the  conventions 
by  living  without  the  customary  legal  sanctions  in 
company  with  the  woman  whom  he  loves.  The 
story  of  his  struggle  for  a  living  under  these  condi- 
tions, and  of  the  heroic  act  by  which  the  woman,  at 
last  grown  conscious  that  she  is  ruining  his  career, 
sacrifices  her  own  life  to  set  him  free,  is  told  with 
directness  and  simple  pathos.  He  has  learned  at 
last  how  hard  it  is  to  kick  against  the  pricks,  and  is 
ready  to  take  up  the  life  of  external  conformity 
without  any  abandonment  of  internal  principle. 
The  scene  is  laid  in  Chicago,  concerning  which  com- 
munity the  writer  finds  occasion  to  utter  many 
truths  unpalatable  to  its  inhabitants.  That  they 
are  truths  is  undeniable  to  any  disinterested  ob- 
server ;  perhaps  it  is  fair  to  say  that  they  are  not 
sufliciently  relieved  by  other  truths  of  the  more 
agreeable  sort.  Somehow  the  book  leaves  the  impres- 
sion of  a  society  in  which  there  is  no  such  thing  as 
purity  of  motive  or  elevation  of  soul ;  it  is,  as  we 
said  before,  the  book  of  an  impatient  idealist,  of  a 
writer  whose  indignation  has  got  the  better  of  his 
sympathies.  We  expect  that  Mr.  Herrick  will  fall 
into  a  mellower  vein  after  a  time,  and  thereby  gain 
a  wider  influence  than  he  can  expect  to  exert  through 
a  book  like  "  The  Web  of  Life,"  with  all  its  serious 
sincerity  of  purpose. 

"The  Prelude  and  the  Play,"  by  Mr.  Rufus 
Mann,  is  a  novel  that  may  be  coupled  with  the  one 
just  now  under  discussion,  although  it  is  far  inferior 
in  execution.  The  style  is  pretentious  and  affected  ; 
the  elaboration  of  motive  and  analysis  is  greatly 
overdone.  This  novel  also  has  its  scene  in  Chicago 
—  at  least  in  large  part  —  and  it  also  presents  the 
contrast  —  although  not  so  sharply  —  between  the 

THE  PRINCESS  SOPHIA.  A  Novel.  By  E.  F.  Benson. 
New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

JOAN  OF  THE  SWORD  HAND.  By  S.  R.  Crockett.  New 
York :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

THE  ISLE  OF  THE  WINDS.  An  Adventurous  Romance.  By 
S.  R.  Crockett.  New  York :  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

THE  MINX,  By  Mrs.  Mannington  Caffyn.  New  York: 
Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

FOLLY  CORNER.  By  Mrs.  Henry  Dudeney.  New  York : 
Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

THE  KNIGHTS  OF  THE  CROSS.  By  Henryk  Sienkiewicz. 
Second  Volume.  Translated  by  Jeremiah  Curtin.  Boston : 
Little,  Brown,  &  Co. 

THE  BARON'S  SONS.  By  Maurus  Jokai.  Translated  by 
Percy  Favor  Bicknell.  Boston  :  L.  C.  Page  &  Co. 

CURRITA,  COUNTESS  OF  ALBORNOZ.  A  Novel  of  Madrid 
Society.  By  Luis  Coloma.  Translated  by  Estelle  Huyck 
Atwell.  Boston :  Little,  Brown,  «&  Co. 

THE  JOY  OF  CAPTAIN  RIBOT.  By  A.  Palacio  Vald6s. 
Translated  by  Minna  Caroline  Smith.  New  York :  Bren- 
tano's. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


125 


ideal  plane  of  life  and  the  lower  material  plane. 
"  These  men  here  would  n't  be  half  bad  if  they 
could  only  forget  their  principles,"  is  a  remark  made 
by  one  of  the  characters,  and  we  feel  like  applying 
it  to  the  author  himself.  He  is  so  intent  upon  prin- 
ciples that  he  altogether  fails  to  give  us  character- 
ization, and  there  is  not  a  figure  in  his  book  that 
seems  really  alive.  A  pretty  enough  sentiment 
takes  the  place  of  passion,  and  the  characters  are 
moved  about  like  pawns  on  a  chessboard  ;  we  never 
feel  that  they  are  moving  themselves.  We  should 
add  that  it  is  dangerous  to  use  French  and  Italian 
words  without  knowing  the  languages.  An  Italian 
who  said  "  non,  signora  "  would  be  a  curiosity,  a 
woman  cannot  be  epris,  and  there  is  no  such  mon- 
ster as  a  bete  noir  known  to  syntax. 

It  is  a  far  cry  from  "  The  Confessions  of  a  Frivo- 
lous Girl,"  a  youthful  indiscretion  which  Mr.  Robert 
Grant  now  doubtless  wishes  were  forgotten,  to 
"  Unleavened  Bread,"  his  latest  work  of  fiction.  It  is 
not  so  far  a  cry  from  hia  more  recent  chapters  on 
"  The  Art  of  Living,"  but  even  in  this  latter  com- 
parison the  distance  is  considerable,  being  the  dis- 
tance between  a  light  and  superficial  social  philoso- 
phy and  a  dissection  of  society  that  probes  far 
beneath  the  surface  and  lays  bare  the  nerves  and 
arteries.  "  Unleavened  Bread,"  considered  as  a 
story,  is  an  account  of  the  career  of  one  ambitious 
woman ;  all  of  its  other  characters  are  of  minor 
importance,  and  have  little  interest  for  us.  Con- 
sidered as  a  social  study,  the  book  is  a  quiet  and 
effective  satire  upon  American  democracy,  that  is, 
upon  the  pretensions  of  the  democratic  spirit  to 
reach  valid  conclusions  by  the  aid  of  its  own  un- 
tutored instincts,  upon  its  tendency  to  substitute 
catchwords  for  ideas,  and  to  be  deceived  by  its  own 
phrases.  The  satire  is  effective  precisely  because 
it  is  both  quiet  and  restrained ;  the  writer  is  too 
conscientious  an  artist  to  put  violent  colors  upon  his 
canvas.  Among  the  special  subjects  of  his  satire 
are  the  notions  of  art  and  of  education,  of  society 
and  of  politics,  that  prevail  in  our  middle-class 
American  life.  The  notions  of  art,  for  example, 
that  make  our  large  cities  a  medley  of  incongruous 
architectural  styles  and  that  erect  grotesque  statues 
in  our  public  places ;  the  notions  of  education  that 
place  our  schools  in  the  hands  of  ignorant  men  and 
fill  them  with  untrained  teachers ;  the  notions  of 
society  that  exalt  showiness  above  refinement,  and 
extravagance  above  simplicity ;  the  notions  of  poli- 
tics that  make  sincerity  an  almost  impossible  virtue 
in  public  life  and  that  blunt  both  the  intellect  and 
the  moral  sense.  This  seems  a  rather  heavy  pro- 
gramme for  a  work  of  fiction,  and  the  book  itself, 
if  not  exactly  heavy,  certainly  does  not  come  within 
the  category  of  light  reading.  It  opens  in  a  man- 
ner somewhat  suggestive  of  such  a  book  as  the 
"  Modern  Instance  "  of  Mr.  Howells,  then  it  seems 
to  suggest  something  of  the  moralizing  atmosphere 
of  Mr.  Warner's  group  of  three  novels,  but  in  the 
final  impression  it  stands  out  as  a  work  of  distinc- 
tively original  type.  The  ambitious  woman  about 


whom  all  the  interest  centres,  and  who  is  so  marked 
an  embodiment  of  the  crudities,  the  self-deceptions, 
and  the  ill-directed  aims  that  are  characteristic  of 
many  of  our  men  and  women  alike,  is  a  figure 
drawn  with  extraordinary  intellectual  detachment, 
and,  it  must  be  admitted,  has  little  of  the  flesh  and 
blood  that  are  needed  to  make  such  a  figure  really 
vital.  We  follow  her  career  with  curious  interest, 
but  we  feel  all  the  time  that  she  is  a  puppet,  with 
the  strings  always  in  the  author's  hand.  The  vital 
characters  of  fiction  do  not  leave  us  with  this 
impression ;  they  seem  in  a  way  to  pass  beyond  the 
control  of  the  writer,  and  to  act  of  their  own  mo- 
tion. In  this  respect  Mr.  Grant's  heroine  is  a  failure, 
his  book  is  a  failure  in  this  sense  also,  but  it  is 
nevertheless  a  remarkable  piece  of  workmanship, 
relatively  speaking,  and  judged  with  reference  to 
its  limitations. 

One  of  the  many  morals  of  Mr.  Grant's  novel  is 
that  a  man  knows  very  little  about  his  wife  until 
they  have  been  married  for  a  considerable  length 
of  time.  This  rather  trite  observation  is  enforced 
in  "  Unleavened  Bread  "  with  so  much  impressive- 
ness  that  it  gains  a  deeper  meaning  than  it  is  wont 
to  have.  In  "  The  Action  and  the  Word,"  the 
latest  novel  of  Mr.  Brander  Matthews,  the  idea  is 
again  illustrated,  although  in  this  case  it  affords 
matter  for  comedy  rather  than  for  tragedy,  or  even 
for  serious  dramatic  effect.  We  have  here  the  story 
of  a  New  York  architect  and  his  wife.  The  wife 
is  a  charming  woman  with  a  marked  aptitude  for 
amateur  theatricals.  Her  acting  wins  such  applause 
that  her  head  is  almost  turned,  and  she  seems  upon 
the  point  of  abandoning  domestic  life  for  the  ex- 
citements of  the  stage.  Happily,  her  better  judg- 
ment triumphs  and  she  gives  up  the  notion,  but  her 
husband  has  been  startled  out  of  his  complacency, 
and  the  novelist  has  been  provided  with  the  ma- 
terial for  a  pretty  story.  The  story  is  not  deep, 
certainly,  but  it  exhibits  keen  insight  and  deft  work- 
manship. It  proves  exceptionally  entertaining, 
which  is  probably  all  that  the  writer  expected  of  it. 

"  Robert  Tournay,"  by  Mr.  William  Sage,  is  a 
conventional  romance  of  the  French  Revolution,  one 
of  the  many  books  that  find  their  prototype  in 
"  Mademoiselle  de  la  Seigliere."  There  is  the  usual 
noble  family,  with  its  selfish  aristocratic  prejudices, 
and  the  usual  fair  daughter,  who  has  a  heart  as 
well  as  a  title.  There  is  also  the  usual  man  of  the 
people,  who  dares  to  love  the  daughter  of  his  aris- 
tocratic master,  and  to  whom  the  Revolution  brings 
the  usual  opportunities  for  protecting  the  woman 
whom  he  loves  from  her  enemies,  and  for  rescuing 
her  from  imminent  death.  As  is  usually  the  case 
in  novels  of  this  sort,  we  are  told  about  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  Bastile,  the  burning  of  a  chateau,  and 
the  horrors  of  a  Republican  noyade  on  the  Loire. 
We  have  also  the  familiar  story  of  Republican  vic- 
tories on  the  frontier,  and  of  the  Terror  in  Paris. 
Robespierre  and  Danton  are  both  here,  likewise  the 
Conciergerie  and  the  tumbrils  and  the  guillotine. 
We  have  read  it  all  many  times  before,  but  its  in- 


126 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


terest  seems  perennial,  and  we  have  no  fault  to  find 
with  the  author  for  inviting  us  to  read  it  again. 

When  we  are  confronted  with  such  a  title  as 
"  The  Black  Terror :  A  Romance  of  Russia,"  we  at 
once  know  what  to  expect.  There  will  be  nihilists 
and  dungeons  and  conspiracies  and  reprisals  and 
brutal  governors  and  sinister  officers  of  the  Third 
Section.  There  will  also  be  a  lovely  heroine  who 
will  aid  the  hero  in  some  hairbreadth  escape.  In 
the  case  of  the  present  novel,  the  work  of  Mr.  John 
K.  Leys,  we  are  not  disappointed  in  any  of  these 
expectations,  and  we  have  besides  the  story  of  an 
ingenious  plot,  successfully  carried  out,  to  kidnap 
the  Tsar,  and  keep  him  in  close  confinement  until 
he  grants  to  his  subjects  the  desired  Constitution. 

Mrs.  Edith  Wharton's  second  book  of  fiction  is 
not  a  collection  of  stories,  like  "  The  Greater  Incli- 
nation," but  a  single  novel.  Yet "  The  Touchstone," 
although  we  must  call  it  a  novel,  has  really  no  more 
substance  than  one  of  the  briefer  sketches.  It  is 
the  story  of  a  single  incident,  and  of  its  influence 
upon  the  lives  of  a  man  and  his  wife.  It  is  a  story 
that  might  easily  have  been  told  in  fifty  pages  ;  the 
hundred  additional  pages  that  are  given  us  merely 
serve  to  permit  of  a  more  detailed  analysis  of  the 
situation  created  by  a  single  thoughtless  act.  Yet 
we  would  not  spare  from  the  story  a  single  page, 
for  the  writer's  art  is  so  exquisite  that  no  one  of 
her  pages  seems  superfluous,  or  fails  in  its  contribu- 
tion to  the  deep  impressiveness  of  her  psychological 
study.  If  the  book  has  a  defect,  that  defect  must 
be  sought  in  the  central  conception,  and  not  in  the 
treatment.  The  hero  has  in  his  possession  a  great 
many  letters,  of  the  most  intimate  character,  written 
to  him  by  a  woman  who  had  loved  him  all  her  life, 
but  whom  he  had  been  incapable  of  loving  in  re- 
turn. That  woman  had  become  a  famous  writer, 
and,  after  her  death,  anything  that  could  throw 
light  upon  her  personality  was  eagerly  demanded 
by  the  public.  The  recipient  of  the  letters,  learning 
of  this  demand,  and  for  lack  of  money  unable  to 
marry  the  woman  he  loves,  actually  sells  this  sacred 
correspondence  to  a  publisher,  suppressing  his  own 
name,  and  thereby  removes  the  obstacle  to  his  mar- 
riage. When  he  realizes  what  he  has  done  he  be- 
comes remorseful,  and  Mrs.  Wharton's  purpose  is 
to  direct  our  attention  to  the  workings  of  his  con- 
science, to  excite  our  sympathies  for  his  sufferings. 
In  this  she  is  imperfectly  successful,  for  it  would 
tax  the  powers  of  the  greatest  novelist  that  ever 
lived  to  be  entirely  successful  in  such  a  task.  The 
act  in  question  is  so  despicable  that  no  motive 
would  seem  adequate  for  its  justification,  no  cir- 
cumstances could  be  found  more  than  palliating  in 
the  case  of  such  an  offense.  Mrs.  Wharton's  treat- 
ment of  this  theme  is  all  that  we  might  desire,  but 
it  cannot  give  us  a  genuinely  sympathetic  interest 
in  fcuch  a  person  as  her  hero.  We  cannot  help  feel- 
ing that  he  deserves  even  more  than  he  suffers,  and 
we  remain  suspicious  of  any  moral  regeneration 
that  is  brought  about  by  means  of  his  remorse.  Yet 
it  is  the  clear  intention  of  the  writer  to  have  us  ac- 


cept this  moral  regeneration  as  a  fact,  and  to  for- 
give the  offender  as  his  own  deceived  wife  forgives 
him  in  the  end.  In  a  word,  the  substance  of  this 
book  is  of  a  kind  to  repel  rather  than  to  attract ; 
what  does  attract,  and  even  fascinate,  is  the  delicacy 
of  texture  and  the  distinction  of  style  which  the 
work  exhibits. 

Whatever  we  may  think  of  Mrs.  Atherton's 
"  Senator  North,"  it  would  never  occur  to  us  to  ac- 
cord it  the  attributes  of  delicacy  and  distinction. 
In  the  place  of  the  one  it  has  a  sort  of  rude  energy  ; 
in  the  place  of  the  other  it  has  a  form  of  expression 
which  is  rough  in  sound  and  crude  in  coloring, 
which  is  positively  repellant  to  a  refined  sense. 
Here  is  a  sentence  fairly  representative  of  its  style. 
"  In  ordinary  conditions  politics  are  barely  men- 
tioned when  the  most  political  city  in  the  world  is 
in  evening  dress,  but  war  is  a  microbe."  The  in- 
eptitude of  that  metaphor  would  be  hard  to  match. 
Mrs.  Atherton's  novel  deals  with  the  social  and  po- 
litical life  of  Washington  at  the  present  day.  The 
heroine  is  a  young  woman  of  aristocratic  breeding, 
who  becomes  weary  of  the  whole  empty  round  of  the 
life  of  a  self-styled  "  society,"  and  who  makes  up  her 
mind  to  go  in  for  politics.  To  the  horror  of  her 
family,  she  actually  cultivates  the  acquaintance  of 
Representatives  and  Senators,  and  starts  a  sort  of 
salon  for  the  furtherance  of  her  new-found  inter- 
ests. The  one  conspicuous  result  of  this  activity  is 
the  fact  that  she  falls  in  love  with  Senator  North,  a 
statesman  of  sixty,  who  has  an  invalid  wife.  This 
unnatural  passion  is  reciprocated,  and  neither  of 
the  two  parties  concerned  seems  to  have  any  par- 
ticularly conscientious  scruples,  although  both  have 
a  lively  sense  of  the  desirability  of  escaping  dis- 
covery. In  the  end,  the  invalid  wife  opportunely 
dies,  and  conventional  morality  is  spared  any  further 
outrage.  Incidentally,  the  story  makes  much  of  two 
matters  of  social  and  political  interest.  The  former 
is  the  ostracism  placed  by  American  prejudice  upon 
any  woman  who  has  a  drop  of  negro  blood  in  her 
veins.  This  matter  is  dealt  with  in  the  most  mor- 
bid and  sensational  manner  possible.  The  latter  is 
the  state  of  affairs  which  led  to  our  recent  war  with 
Spain,  and  in  her  treatment  of  this  subject  the 
writer  displays  an  unexpected  sanity,  and  exhibits 
a  rather  remarkable  intellectual  grasp  of  the  situa- 
tion. Both  the  unreasoning  frenzy  which  precipi- 
tated that  war,  and  the  dangerous  sequelce  of  its 
conclusion,  are  set  forth  with  an  ethical  perception 
that  is  entirely  just,  and  that  contrasts  strikingly 
with  the  other  ethical  ideals  of  the  book. 

Mr.  H.  B.  Marriott  Watson's  latest  novel,  "  The 
Rebel,"  turns  from  the  imaginary  history  wherein 
his  invention  has  of  late  been  exercised  to  the  actual 
history  of  England  in  the  time  of  Charles  II.  It 
takes  the  form  of  a  memoir  of  the  fourth  Earl  of 
Cherwell,  written  by  his  cousin,  and  leading  up  to 
an  account  of  the  ri'sing  at  Taunton  in  1684.  The 
hero  is  a  noble  swashbuckler  who  has  no  hesitation 
in  setting  the  laws  at  defiance,  and  whose  audacity 
fairly  takes  our  breath  away.  He  contrives  to  stand 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


127 


well  with  the  King,  who  has  a  certain  admiration 
for  his  recklessness,  but  he  is  the  declared  enemy 
of  the  Duke  of  York,  whose  shameful  persecution  of 
the  heroine  leaves  him  indeed  no  room  for  respect. 
The  heroine  is  a  gentle  creature,  who  serves  well 
enough  as  a  foil  for  her  fiery  and  turbulent  defender, 
but  who  has  otherwise  slight  claim  upon  our  interest. 
It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  Duke's  villainy  comes 
to  naught,  and  that  the  heroine  is  rescued  from  the 
manifold  perils  that  beset  her.  The  plot  of  the 
narrative  is  at  first  confused  and  difficult  to  follow, 
but  the  complications  are  gradually  cleared  away, 
and  it  takes  a  straightforward  course  to  the  close. 
The  story  is  told  forcibly  and  with  brilliant  ani- 
mation. 

Mr.  Frederick  W.  Hayes  is  a  new  writer  to  us, 
but  he  deserves  well  of  the  novel-reading  public. 
His  "  Kent  Squire  "  is  a  historical  romance  of  the 
time  of  Queen  Anne  and  the  Duke  of  Harlborough. 
The  latter  personage  figures  prominently  in  the  his- 
tory, and  his  duplicity  is  depicted  with  an  unsparing 
hand.  French  and  Spanish  political  intrigue,  as 
well  as  English,  make  up  a  large  part  of  the  his- 
torical substance  of  this  highly  exciting  narrative. 
Indeed,  the  canvas  is  so  crowded  with  figures  and 
dramatic  situations  that  the  reader  becomes  almost 
dazed  in  his  attempt  to  keep  track  of  all  the  per- 
sonal and  public  interests  at  stake.  That  this  task 
proves  too  much  for  the  writer  himself  is  evident  in 
the  closing  chapters,  for  with  respect  to  some  of  its 
leading  issues  the  story  is  not  ended  at  all,  it  sim- 
ply stops.  Most  of  the  incidents  are  legitimate 
enough  for  this  sort  of  sensational  romance,  but 
credulity  is  strained  beyond  the  breaking-point  when 
the  hero  reappears  upon  the  scene  after  having  been 
hanged  by  the  public  executioner,  and  afterwards 
suspended  in  chains  upon  the  gibbet.  So  violent  a 
wrench  to  the  feelings  might  have  been  spared  us 
without  serious  difficulty,  and  we  might  also  have 
been  spared  the  apparition  of  the  condemned  man 
to  his  sweetheart  some  hundreds  of  miles  away. 
Aside  from  these  two  constructive  defects,  the  story 
is  to  be  commended  for  both  its  invention  and  its 
acquaintance  with  the  period  in  question.  It  is 
evident  that  the  writer  has  done  a  great  deal  of 
"  reading  up  "  for  his  work,  that  he  has  delved  into 
the  memoirs  of  the  age,  instead  of  remaining  content, 
as  most  historical  novelists  do,  with  the  superficial 
knowledge  of  the  text-books. 

Mr.  Max  Pemberton's  "  Fe"o  "  is  the  romance  of 
a  singer  in  French  opera  and  an  Austrian  prince. 
The  heroine  is  the  daughter  of  a  decayed  gentle- 
man who  cares  for  little  save  his  own  personal 
comfort,  and  is  not  above  the  meanness  of  trading 
upon  his  daughter's  beauty.  The  rank  of  the  hero 
naturally  hedges  him  about  with  all  sorts  of  barriers 
to  the  accomplishment  of  his  wishes,  and  the  story 
tells  us  how  he  has  his  way  in  the  end,  in  spite  of  all 
the  diplomatic  locksmiths.  It  is  a  story  of  intrigues 
and  duels  and  abductions,  a  little  melodramatic 
in  manner,  infused  with  sentiment,  and  sparkling 
with  interest.  No  one  will  regret  having  read  it, 


and  no  one  will  remember  anything  about  it  a  year 
afterwards. 

Mr.  E.  F.  Benson,  in  "The  Princess  Sophia," 
again  exhibits  his  versatility.  The  book  may  be 
described  as  standing  midway  between  the  frivolity 
of  "  Dodo  "  and  the  seriousness  of  his  two  Greek 
novels.  The  new  story  is  the  next  thing  to  being 
Greek  itself,  for  it  is  about  the  principality  of 
Rhodope*,  which  lies,  "  as  everyone  knows,  on  the 
wooded  coast-line  of  Albania."  It  tells  about  the 
politics  of  this  extremely  interesting  imaginary 
State,  and  describes  the  attempt  of  Petros,  the  hus- 
band of  the  Princess,  acting  as  regent  in  her  ab- 
sence from  the  capital,  to  subvert  the  government, 
and  get  secure  possession  of  the  reins  of  power. 
The  thwarting  of  this  plot  provides  the  story  with 
a  really  thrilling  climax,  although  the  spirit  of  the 
book  throughout  is  that  of  refined  comedy  rather 
than  of  anything  more  serious.  The  interest  of  the 
story  is  concentrated  in  the  character  of  the  Prin- 
cess, and  her  passion  for  gambling,  which  leads  her 
to  the  very  brink  of  disaster,  and  which  has  a  most 
demoralizing  influence  upon  her  subjects. 

Mr.  S.  R.  Crockett  has  now  close  upon  a  score  of 
romances  to  his  credit,  and  there  is  no  reason  why 
he  should  not  make  the  number  twoscore  within  a 
few  years.  He  evidently  writes  with  the  ease  of  a 
Dumas,  and  his  invention  never  seems  to  flag.  Two 
of  his  books  are  now  before  us :  one  a  romance  of 
the  fifteenth  century,  entitled  "Joan  of  the  Sword 
Hand  ";  the  other  a  more  modern  tale  of  his  own 
Scotland  and  of  the  West  Indies,  entitled  "  The 
Isle  of  the  Winds."  Both  stories  abound  in  pic- 
turesque incident  and  exciting  adventure,  both  are 
about  as  unreal  as  stories  of  the  sort  can  possibly 
be,  and  both  are  fairly  reeking  with  sentimentality. 
The  latter  of  the  two  has,  we  observe,  been  pre- 
viously published  with  another  title. 

In  writing  "  The  Minx, "  Mrs.  Mannington 
Caffyn  has  determined  to  be  "smart"  at  any  cost. 
Her  epigrams  have  the  air  of  being  profoundly 
philosophical,  and  the  conversation  of  her  characters 
fairly  coruscates  with  intellectual  brilliancy.  She 
never  permits  one  of  them  to  express  even  a  com- 
monplace idea  without  giving  it  a  verbal  turn  that 
seems  impressive  until  we  look  closely  enough  to 
detect  its  emptiness.  In  a  word,  the  style  of  the 
book  is  simply  intolerable,  and  the  story  has  not 
intrinsic  interest  enough  to  be  worth  disentangle- 
ment from  all  the  verbiage  which  invests  it.  It  is 
about  a  young  woman  who  takes  life  with  intense 
seriousness  and  does  not  know  which  of  two  lovers 
to  accept.  The  one  satisfies  her  intellectual  ideals, 
but  the  other  appeals  to  the  just-awakening  emo- 
tional side  of  her  nature.  Eventually,  the  heart 
triumphs  over  the  head,  and  her  final  choice  rests 
upon  the  warm-hearted  fox-hunting  country  gentle- 
man whose  whole  way  of  looking  at  life  stands  in 
violent  contrast  to  the  abstract  ideals  which  she  has 
hitherto  held  sacred. 

A  novel  published  last  year  by  Mrs.  Henry 
Dudeney  forced  us  to  condemn  the  uncompromising 


128 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


realism  of  the  writer  —  both  with  respect  to  choice 
of  subject  and  to  treatment  —  in  spite  of  the  mani- 
fest power  of  the  book.  "  Folly  Corner,"  a  second 
story  by  the  same  writer,  is  less  open  to  objection, 
and  it  is  possible  for  praise  to  balance  blame,  if  not 
actually  to  outweigh  it.  There  is  still  much  un- 
necessary insistence  upon  unlovely  and  squalid 
details,  and  some  unnecessary  obtrusion  of  those 
phases  of  life  concerning  which  no  writer  can  be 
too  reticent,  but  there  is  also  a  sombre  power  to 
envisage  the  tragical  side  of  everyday  life  which 
goes  far  to  redeem  the  grossness  of  the  writer's 
naturalism.  We  read  this  book  with  something  of 
the  feeling  aroused  by  the  later  books  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Hardy,  a  feeling  in  which  admiration  for 
undeniable  talent  is  all  the  time  struggling  with 
impatience  of  a  perverse  method.  This  suggestion 
of  Mr.  Hardy  is  no  mere  fancy,  for  he  is  certainly 
the  master  whom  Mrs.  Dudeney  would  acknowledge 
among  the  writers  of  to-day. 

The  second  half  of  "  Knights  of  the  Cross,"  by 
Mr.  Henryk  Sienkiewicz,  carries  on  the  story  of 
the  struggle  between  Poland  and  the  Teutonic 
Knights,  ending  with  the  battle  of  Grtlnwald  and 
the  final  overthrow  of  the  Order.  This  climax  is 
not  without  impressiveness,  yet  its  effect  is  far  from 
equal  to  that  of  several  episodes  to  be  found  in  the 
author's  earlier  trilogy  of  Polish  history.  It  does 
not  begin  to  stir  the  blood  as  the  siege  of  Chensto- 
hova,  for  example,  stirs  it.  Nor  does  Zbyshko 
make  as  satisfactory  a  hero  as  Kmita  or  Pan 
Michael.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  fighting  in  the 
book,  but  it  grows  rather  monotonous,  and  is  not 
diversified  by  such  feats  of  individual  prowess  as 
hold  us  spellbound  in  the  romances  of  the  earlier 
series.  Nor  is  there  any  figure  for  a  moment  com- 
parable with  that  pf  Zagloba,  which  must  stand  as 
the  greatest  of  the  author's  creative  triumphs.  It 
is  only  in  comparison  with  the  author's  own  best 
that  the  present  romance  suffers.  Were  it  our 
introduction  to  his  genius,  we  should  find  it  difficult 
to  praise  sufficiently  the  historical  pageant  which  it 
unfolds,  its  simple  strong-souled  figures  swayed  by 
primitive  passions,  its  brilliant  invention,  and  its 
racy  humor.  But  all  of  these  things  are  exhibited 
to  much  better  advantage  in  the  great  trilogy,  and 
we  fear  that  Mr.  Sienkiewicz  will  not  again  reach 
the  level  of  that  colossal  work. 

Still  another  of  Mr.  Jokai's  novels  has  been 
translated  for  us,  the  selection  this  time  being  "  The 
Baron's  Sons,"  and  the  translator  Mr.  Percy  Favor 
Bicknell.  Some  abridgements  have  been  made,  for 
which  a  very  lame  excuse  is  offered,  but  otherwise 
the  translation  is  satisfactory.  The  story  is  con- 
cerned with  the  Hungarian  Revolution  of  1848,  and 
combines  the  use  of  historical  material  with  domestic 
incidents  in  a  happy  and  interesting  fashion.  The 
thread  of  the  narrative  is  a  little  difficult  to  follow, 
which  is  probably  due  in  part  to  the  liberties  taken 
by  the  translator.  On  the  whole,  the  story  is  one 
of  the  author's  best,  as  far  as  they  have  been  trans- 


lated, and  does  not  strain  our  credulity  as  much  as 
some  of  its  predecessors  have  done. 

A  few  words  about  two  recent  translations  from 
the  Spanish  may  be  given  in  closing  this  review. 
"  Currita,  Countess  of  Albornoz  "  is  the  work  of  a 
Jesuit  priest,  Senor  Luis  Coloma  by  name.  It  is  a 
novel  of  Madrid  society  about  thirty  years  ago,  and 
is  concerned  with  political  intrigue  as  well  as  with 
the  doings  of  the  fashionable  world.  The  author- 
ship of  the  work  leads  us  to  expect  a  strong  infu- 
sion of  clericalism,  in  which  we  are  not  disappointed  ; 
but  the  foremost  aim  of  the  novelist  is  to  draw  a 
picture  of  social  corruption  rather  than  to  play  the 
part  of  the  avowed  preacher,  and  he  brings  to  this 
task  the  full  equipment  of  an  experienced  observer 
and  a  master  of  incisive  and  caustic  speech.  The 
work  is  rather  shapeless  as  a  whole,  but  it  has  much 
brilliant  detail,  and  its  moral  lesson  is  made  all  the 
sharper  for  being  left  rather  implicit  than  out- 
spoken. It  is  clear  that  we  are  all  the  time  in  con- 
tact with  a  richly  cultured  mind,  and  this  gives  so 
much  satisfaction  to  the  reader  of  discernment  that 
the  amateurish  character  of  the  artistic  perform- 
ance may  easily  be  overlooked.  We  could  wish 
that  a  better  English  version  of  the  work  had  been 
given  us.  The  translator  seems  to  have  a  fair 
knowledge  of  Spanish,  but  she  is  all  at  sea  in  the 
presence  of  the  scholarly  allusions  and  foreign 
proper  names  with  which  the  novel  is  plentifully 
sprinkled. 

"  The  Joy  of  Captain  Ribot "  is  not  only  an  in- 
teresting novel,  it  is  also  a  work  of  gracious  and 
exquisite  art.  Although  it  has  for  its  theme  the 
love  of  a  man  for  a  woman  already  married,  it  is  at 
once  so  delicate  and  so  noble  in  its  treatment  that 
the  author's  own  claim  is  justified  when  he  calls  it, 
in  a  private  letter,  "  a  protest  from  the  depths 
against  the  eternal  adultery  of  the  French  novel." 
For  the  "joy"  of  its  hero  is  not  eo  much  in  his 
love  as  in  the  moral  triumph  which  keeps  that  love 
unsullied,  and  rises  victorious  above  every  tempta- 
tion. So  clean  and  wholesome  a  work  rarely  comes 
to  us  from  a  novelist  of  Latin  race;  its  idealism 
makes  not  the  slightest  compromise  with  evil,  and 
in  its  spirituality  there  is  no  base  admixture.  Yet 
with  all  this  exultation  of  sentiment,  the  story  is 
convincingly  real ;  it  is  a  story  of  everyday  people, 
and  of  life  unfalsified  by  rose-colored  glasses.  Mr. 
Howells  is  entirely  right  when  he  describes  the 
book  as  "a  novel  of  manners,  the  modern  manners 
of  provincial  Spain ";  and  when  he  adds  that 
"  while  we  were  spoiling  our  prostrate  foe,  I  wish 
we  could  have  got  some  of  these,"  he  expresses  a 
feeling  that  must  be  stirring  in  many  an  American 
conscience,  now  that  we  are  starting  on  the  painful 
path  of  recovery  from  our  national  military  de- 
bauch. It  is  certainly  difficult  to  find  words  ad- 
equate to  express  the  admirable  qualities  of  this 
latest  of  the  novels  of  Sefior  Valde's,  or  of  the 
genius  of  the  nation  that  can  boast  the  possession 
of  such  writers.  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


129 


BRIEFS 


BOOKS. 


We  have  had,  of  recent  years,  some 

New  text-books  in       r    •   i  ,  •    r  .  i        i       .      T-< 

English  literature.  fa.irly  satisfactory  text-books  in  En- 
glish literature,  but  there  is  room 
for  improvement  in  the  best  of  them,  and  we  are 
glad  to  observe  the  appearance  of  several  new  com- 
petitors for  the  favor  of  educators.  Among  the 
many  books  upon  this  subject  which  we  have  exam- 
ined, we  are  inclined  to  give  the  palm  to  the  "  History 
of  English  Literature  "  (American  Book  Co.)  re- 
cently prepared  by  Mr.  Reuben  Post  Halleck.  For 
selection  and  arrangement  of  material,  for  usefulness 
of  pictorial  illustration,  and  for  its  happy  faculty  of 
saying  just  the  right  thing  about  a  given  author  or 
work,  it  would  be  difficult  to  improve  upon  this 
text.  It  provides  a  continuous  and  interesting  his- 
tory of  our  literature,  and  contrives  to  keep  a 
middle  course  between  the  dry  summary  on  the 
one  hand,  and  the  discursive  essay  on  the  other. 
The  writer  believes  thoroughly  in  teaching  the  his- 
tory of  the  subject  as  well  as  in  taking  up  the  study 
of  individual  works.  He  justly  says  :  "  Various 
masterpieces  seem  like  unconnected  islands  in  an 
unexplored  ocean.  There  is  no  way  of  making 
these  masterpieces  seem  otherwise  except  by  teach- 
ing the  history  and  development  of  the  literature  of 
which  they  form  a  part."  The  apparatus  of  this 
book,  with  its  directions  for  required  and  optional 
reading  and  its  suggestive  questions  and  exercises, 
is  remarkably  good.  One  feature  of  particular  in- 
terest is  the  literary  map  of  England  which  serves 
as  a  frontispiece.  We  take  great  pleasure  in  com- 
mending this  work  to  the  attention  of  teachers.  —  A 
literary  map  also  accompanies  the  "  History  of 
English  Literature"  (Sibley  &  Ducker)  which 
Professor  F.  V.  N.  Painter  has  recently  published. 
This  book  is  an  expansion  of  the  writer's  earlier 
"Introduction,"  and  deals  at  length  with  nearly 
twice  as  many  authors.  Eight  periods  are  recog- 
nized, and  to  each  of  them  a  considerable  chapter 
is  devoted.  The  method  employed  is  that  of  writing 
an  essay  upon  each  period  as  a  whole,  and  then 
dealing  in  considerable  detail  with  a  few  selected 
writers.  Thirty  -two  authors  altogether,  from 
Chaucer  to  Ruskin,  are  thus  singled  out  for  some- 
what elaborate  treatment.  This  method  has  the 
obvious  defect  of  giving  other  great  writers  much 
less  than  their  due  in  the  history  of  our  literature. 
We  cannot  entirely  approve  of  a  work  that  relegates 
Fielding  in  the  Queen  Anne  period,  Burke  in  the 
Johnsonian  period,  and  Keats  in  the  Romantic 
period,  to  the  position  of  minor  writers.  The  au- 
thor's style  is  too  discursive  to  be  in  the  best  sense 
practical.  His  essays  make  pleasant  reading,  but 
they  do  not  make  the  most  satisfactory  sort  of 
teaching  material.  He  is  the  kind  of  writer,  more- 
over, who  speaks  of  "  female  poets,"  and  who  calls 
Byron  "  immoral."  Such  infelicities  of  diction  and 
characterization  have  a  slightly  jarring  effect,  and 
do  not  commend  the  writer  to  persons  of  nice  judg- 
ment. —  A  third  recent  text-book  upon  this  subject 


is  the  "  Outline  History  of  English  and  American 
Literature"  (American  Book  Co.)  written  by  Dr. 
Charles  F.  Johnson.  The  writer's  object  has  been 
"  to  compress  into  this  book  the  minimum  of  what 
every  young  person  should  know  of  the  literature 
of  his  own  country  and  England,  even  if  his  educa- 
tion is  strictly  scientific."  The  author  recognizes 
ten  periods  in  the  history  of  English  literature,  but 
preserves  the  sense  of  proportion  in  dealing  with 
the  writers  of  each  of  the  periods.  In  spite  of  the 
fact  that  he  deals  with  both  English  and  American 
literature  in  a  single  volume,  he  finds  room  for 
numerous  extracts,  many  of  them  of  considerable 
length.  The  book  is  remarkably  well  written,  and 
will  be  welcomed  by  teachers  who  find  their  English 
courses  unduly  limited  by  the  pressure  of  other 
subjects  upon  the  curriculum. 

Memoirs  of  a  John  Adams,  the  New  England 
New  England  schoolmaster,  was  a  man  "  of  the  old 
school "  both  in  character  and  educa- 
tional methods.  Born  in  1772  and  dying  in  1863, 
his  life  touched  the  two  greatest  of  our  national 
experiences,  and  covered  the  period  of  our  estab- 
lishment as  an  independent  and  united  nation. 
Through  his  influence  upon  thousands  of  young  men 
who,  at  Phillips  Academy,  at  Andover,  and  other 
schools,  were  under  his  care,  Mr.  Adams  bore  an 
honorable  part  in  the  work  of  upbuilding  the  country. 
The  list  of  prominent  men  trained  at  Andover  dur- 
ing the  twenty-two  years  he  was  its  principal  is  a 
long  one.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  was  one  of  them, 
and  has  given  in  his  verses  many  pictures  of  the 
life  there.  He  refers  to  Mr.  Adams  in  the  well- 
known  lines : 

"  Uneasy  lie  the  heads  of  all  that  rule, 
His  most  of  all  whose  kingdom  is  a  school." 

While  Mr.  Adams  will  be  chiefly  remembered  as 
principal  of  Andover  Academy,  to  many  he  is  an 
interesting  figure  as  the  father  of  the  brilliant  New 
York  minister,  Reverend  William  Adams ;  to  others, 
as  a  pioneer  missionary  of  the  S.  S.  Union  in  Illi- 
nois ;  to  others  still,  as  one  of  the  original  circle  of 
philanthropists  from  whose  labors  grew  the  Amer- 
ican Tract  Society  and  the  Temperance  movement. 
He  was  a  man  of  profound  religious  convictions  and 
a  high  sense  of  spiritual  obligations.  His  character 
had  no  complexity  or  uncertainties.  It  was  built 
about  one  simple  all-controlling  quality,  "  devoted- 
ness  to  duty  ";  it  had  but  one  simple  unchanging 
aim,  to  serve  God  and  his  generation.  Contact 
with  such  a  nature,  in  life  or  in  books,  is  refreshing. 
In  bringing  before  the  reader  this  strong  and  useful 
life,  the  authors  of  the  well- written  memoir  of  Mr. 
Adams  recently  published  (Scribner)  give  also  an 
entertaining  and  valuable  picture  of  the  character- 
istics and  educational  methods  of  a  New  England 
academy.  It  is  this  portrayal,  together  with  the  in- 
teresting associations  of  his  long  life,  that  give  to 
this  memoir  more  than  a  private  value.  The  book 
is  noticeably  well  printed  and  bound,  and  evinces 
good  taste  throughout. 


130 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


The  volume  of  "  Liberty  Poems " 
(J<«*e8  H.  West  Co.),  which  has 
been  compiled  in  the  interest  of  the 
anti-imperialist  agitation,  ought  to  prove  an  effective 
auxiliary  in  the  cause  of  justice  and  public  morality, 
now  at  stake  as  only  once  before  in  the  history  of 
our  country.  It  is  a  collection  of  about  seventy-five 
pieces  of  verse,  written  by  various  hands  in  various 
manners,  and  inspired  by  a  common  indignation  at 
the  attempted  subversion  of  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples of  our  government.  We  wish  it  were  possible 
to  say  that  all  of  these  poems  rose  to  the  height  of 
their  great  occasion.  But  most  of  them  belong  to 
the  category  of  newspaper  verse,  hastily  written  by 
persons  having  no  special  aptitude  for  the  poetic 
art.  If  Lowell  and  Whittier  and  Emerson  were 
still  alive,  a  very  different  collection  would  be 
possible ;  for  who  could  doubt  that  their  voices 
would  again  be  raised  in  behalf  of  human  freedom, 
as  they  were  so  effectively  raised  fifty  years  ago? 
As  it  is,  very  few  of  the  names  signed  to  these 
pieces  have  any  literary  significance  whatever.  The 
best  poems  in  the  collection  are  Mr.  William  Lloyd 
Garrison's  thirteen  sonnets,  Mr.  W.  C.  Gannett's 
"  At  the  Peace  Congress,"  Miss  Baskam's  "  The 
Voice  of  the  Lord,"  and  a  selection  from  Mr. 
William  Vaughn  Moody's  noble  "  Ode  in  Time  of 
Hesitation."  We  must  find  room  for  one  quotation, 
and  it  shall  be  Mr.  Garrison's  tribute  to  Governor 
Boutwell,  that  venerable  and  venerated  statesman, 
the  representative  of  a  vanishing  type,  who  has  de- 
clared himself  with  no  uncertain  voice  to  stand 
upon  the  side  of  Washington  and  Jefferson  and 
Lincoln  in  the  present  crisis  : 

"  Not  thine  the  sadness  of  an  outlived  fame, 
Nor  fate  to  lag  superfluous  on  the  stage : 
Thou  addest  only  strength  to  ripest  age, 

And  lustre  to  a  lifelong  honored  name. 

In  a  degenerate  day,  when  public  shame 
And  private  avarice  stain  the  nation's  page, 
When  sordid  ends  the  growing  youth  engage, 

Thy  burning  words  are  like  a  torch  of  flame. 
New  England  glories  in  thy  manhood  rare, 

Which,  breaking  party  shackles,  stands  erect 
And  breathing  deeply  of  diviner  air, — 

Enrolls  thy  name  among  the  great  elect. 
Thy  topmost  boughs  the  richest  leafage  bear, 

Thy  latest  fruit  compels  the  world's  respect." 


The  records  of 
a  long  and 
useful  life. 


^ne  wno  *8  interested  in  genealogical 
investigations  learns  to  avail  himself 
of  au  gort;8  of  scraps  of  information. 
He  also  has  frequent  occasion  to  express  regret  that 
some  individual  who  knew  many  facts  of  family 
history  died  without  leaving  any  record  of  them. 
It  is  not  every  genealogist,  however,  who  is  able  to 
write  the  story  of  his  own  life,  in  order  that  no  fu- 
ture family  historian  may  have  occasion  to  blame 
him  for  omitting  to  preserve  details  of  possible  in- 
terest to  descendants.  The  love  of  genealogy  led 
to  the  publication,  by  General  Roeliff  Brinkerhoff, 
of  Mansfield,  Ohio,  of  his  "  Recollections  of  a  Life- 
time "  (Robert  Clarke  Company).  For  years  Mr. 
Brinkerhoff  has  been  a  recognized  leader  of  move- 


ments having  for  their  purpose  the  improvement  of 
the  condition  of  criminals  and  unfortunates,  and  in 
this  capacity  he  has  been  interested  in  National 
Congresses  of  Charities  and  Corrections,  National 
Prison  Congresses,  and  in  many  state  movements. 
The  most  valuable  chapters  in  the  volume  are  those 
which  are  taken  up  with  discussions  of  these  mat- 
ters. For  the  most  part,  the  life  described  is  that 
of  the  average  man,  who,  as  school-teacher,  lawyer, 
or  soldier,  plays  well  his  part  in  the  social  circles 
of  his  home  city,  is  honored  and  respected  by  his 
neighbors  and  friends,  and  by  reason  of  years  of 
faithful  "adherence  to  the  principles  of  right  living 
makes  himself  a  place  in  his  day  and  generation. 
The  story  will,  of  course,  have  most  interest  for 
those  who  have  known  the  author  during  his  long 

and  useful  life.      

Summary  of  the  A  summary,  in  chronological  order, 
jurisprudence  of  the  principal  features  of  the  juris- 
of  the  world.  prudence  of  the  leading  peoples  of 

the  world,  has  been  prepared  by  Professor  Guy 
Carleton  Lee,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and 
published  under  the  title  "  Historical  Jurispru- 
dence"  (Macmillan).  Finding  "the  foundations 
of  law  "  in  the  jurisprudence  of  Babylonia,  Egypt, 
Israel,  and  India,  the  author  exhibits  "the  develop- 
ment of  jurisprudence  "  as  displayed  in  the  Roman 
systems  of  law,  to  which  over  a  third  of  his  less 
than  two  hundred  pages  are  appropriately  devoted. 
The  great  work  of  Justinian  is  explained  at  some 
length,  and  the  projections  of  the  Roman  Law  into 
mediaeval  times  are  illustrated  under  the  titles  of 
the  "  Canon  Law  "  and  the  "  Barbarian  Codes." 
The  survival  of  the  elaborate  Roman  system  in 
modern  times  is  traced  into  the  laws  of  the  western 
continental  states  of  Europe,  and  the  laws  of  Scot- 
land, in  which  it  secured  permanent  position.  The 
book  closes  with  an  account  of  the  introduction  of 
the  principles  of  the  civil  law  into  the  jurisprudence 
of  England.  From  the  evidences  of  customary  law 
furnished  by  the  unearthed  contract-tablets  of  Baby- 
lonia, to  the  early  commentaries  on  the  law  of 
England,  runs  the  curriculum  of  this  new  study  in 
jurisprudence,  on  the  comparative  historical  plan. 
The  book  is  full  of  meat,  and  though  intended  as 
"  an  introduction  to  the  systematic  study  of  the  de- 
velopment of  law  "  (see  title-page)  it  will  prove  of 
much  interest  to  all  students  of  general  history. 

The   memories  of  a  man  who   has 

y^sssa    Hved  much  and  has  the  art  °f  teiiing 

about  it  gracefully  can  hardly  fail  to 
be  entertaining.  Mr.  H.  Sutherland  Edwards,  in 
his  "Personal  Recollections"  (Cassell),  has  given 
us  the  record  of  a  long  and  rich  experience,  and  has 
told  the  tale  with  an  easy  flow  of  narrative  that 
takes  one  swiftly  and  pleasantly  from  story  to  story. 
Mr.  Edwards  has  clearly  enjoyed  living,  for  other- 
wise the  incidents  that  gave  life  form  and  color  for 
him  could  not  have  impressed  themselves  upon  his 
memory  with  such  sure  distinctness,  they  are  so 
many  and  sometimes  so  slight.  Occasionally  a 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL, 


131 


sudden  transition  to  the  inconsequential  gives  the 
reader  an  unpleasant  sensation.  "  I  have  no  doubt 
that  the  military  type-setter  was  well  paid.  Herzen 
was  a  generous  man,  and  had  abundant  private 
means.  He  called  his  paper  the  Bell  and  he  had 
himself  a  voice  like  a  bell,  musical  and  sonorous." 
But  perhaps  these  things  merely  authenticate  the 
record  to  something  more  than  artificiality  in  the 
glow  of  a  fresh  and  lively  remembrance.  Mr. 
Edwards's  memories,  as  he  makes  note  of  them,  are 
largely  of  persons  rather  than  events,  —  artists, 
musicians,  statesmen,  Russian,  and  Italian  revolu- 
tionaries, actors  and  managers.  Tennyson  and 
Browning  figure  in  the  pages,  von  Billow,  Wagner, 
Verdi,  Macready,  Lewes,  Reade,  Thackeray,  and  a 
host  of  lesser  men  of  various  abilities  and  more  or 
less  interesting  personalities.  Douglas  Jerrold's 
caustic  wit  and  the  more  genial  pleasantries  of 
others  known  to  fame  brighten  the  pages  abun- 
dantly, and  the  running  comment  on  men  and  man- 
ners that  makes  up  the  thick  volume  has  the  sparkle 
of  brilliant  conversation,  if  it  has  also  at  times  the 
scrappiness  into  which  such  conversation  may  lapse. 
There  is  in  the  book  no  serious  dealing  with  the  men 
and  women  upon  whose  lives  it  touches,  but  in 
anecdote  and  in  side-lights  upon  character  it  is  dis- 
tinctly rich  and  entertaining. 

It  was  the  "  Father  of  Angling " 
?  *ho  lonS  ag°  ^marked  on  the  diffi- 

culty  of  teaching  "  the  Art  of  Catch- 
ing Fish,  that  is  to  say,  how  to  make  a  Man  that 
was  none,  to  be  an  Angler  by  a  book."  Never- 
theless, Isaak  Walton  has  left  us  a  piscatorial  as 
well  as  a  literary  classic.  But  the  "  Compleat 
Angler "  was  written  for  other  lands  and  days. 
Americans  who  love  and  practice  this  fascinating 
form  of  recreation  will  find  Mr.  McCarthy's  vol- 
ume on  "  Familiar  Fish  "  (Appleton)  replete  from 
cover  to  cover  with  fisherman's  lore  from  the  pen 
of  one  of  their  successful  confreres.  Mr.  McCarthy 
writes  with  the  spirit  of  the  true  sportsman,  and 
those  who  would  learn  the  art  will  find  in  his  book 
a  sympathetic  account  of  the  life  and  haunts  of  our 
fresh-water  game  fish.  Details  of  rods  and  tackle, 
and  counsel  as  to  fly-casting,  with  suggestions  for 
outfits  and  for  the  conduct  of  camp-life,  make  the 
book  a  valuable  one  for  all  campers  and  sportsmen. 
The  ichthyological  references  have  been  supervised 
by  President  David  Starr  Jordan,  whose  facile  pen 
also  contributes  a  prefatory  note  which  discusses 
the  raison  d'  etre  of  angling  and  the  comparative 
ethics  of  "  hog-fishing  "  and  piscatorial  prevarica- 
tions. 

The  meditation*  of    Ifc  is  a  Volume  °f  8OUnd  and  thought- 

a prelate  and  a  ful  essay s  and  addresses  that  Bishop 
student  of  affairs,  gpalding  presents  us  under  the  gen- 
eral title  of  "  Opportunity,  and  Other  Essays  " 
(McClurg).  Showing  on  every  page  the  marks  of 
the  scholar  and  the  thinker,  they  are  vitalized  by 
the  fine  earnestness  of  a  broad  vision  of  life  and  a 
noble  enthusiasm  for  the  good  it  has  to  offer.  Bishop 


Spalding  is  no  narrow  churchman  or  pedant,  and 
the  breath  of  the  larger  needs  of  life  and  its  larger 
activities  gives  a  bracing  atmosphere  to  the  volume. 
In  the  opening  essay,  which  gives  its  title  to  the 
book,  there  is  perhaps  the  finer  flavor,  a  suggestion 
of  Emerson  in  style  and  hardly  less  in  the  quality 
of  rapt  prescience  in  the  mysteries  of  life  and  its 
possibilities.  There  are  eight  chapters  in  all,  rang- 
ing in  theme  from  "  The  University,  A  Nursery  of 
the  Higher  Life  "  and  "  Goethe  as  Educator  "  to 
"  Empire  or  Republic."  This  last  address,  and  the 
one  preceding  it  in  the  book,  are  words  for  the 
times  to  give  us  thoughtful  pause;  but  for  that 
reason,  it  may  be,  their  literary  charm  is  perhaps 
less  distinct  and  enjoyable.  For  its  stimulus  to  the 
living  of  the  life  that  is  worth  while,  for  its  clear 
and  wholesome  doctrine  of  optimistic  endeavor, 
packed  to  almost  epigrammatic  fulness,  the  little 
volume  is  well  worth  reading  and  well  worth  having 
at  hand  for  the  idle  moment  when  a  page  or  two  of 
kindly  wisdom  is  a  pleasing  tonic. 

wuiiam  Watson  The  Catholic  Apostolic  movement  has 
Andrew  —  passed  more  and  more  into  obscurity. 

It  was  one  of  the  movements  which 
never  greatly  appealed  to  the  popular  mind  or 
heart.  But  it  appealed  to  many  rare  minds  and 
noble  characters,  of  whom  a  memorial  volume  on 
William  Watson  Andrews  ( Putnam )  recalls  one. 
William  Watson  Andrews  was  the  Congregational 
minister  of  Kent,  Connecticut,  when  he  came  under 
the  influence  of  the  new  teaching  and  found  him- 
self in  growing  sympathy  with  it.  He  believed  that 
it  was  the  will  of  God  to  meet  the  needs  of  the 
time  by  a  revival  of  the  Apostolate.  Nothing  could 
be  of  a  finer  spirit  than  the  words  in  which  he 
finally  asked  dismission  from  the  church  in  which 
he  had  been  reared.  The  same  spirit  seemed  only 
to  be  heightened  by  the  adversities  and  isolation 
which  followed  his  entrance  into  the  new  fold.  He 
never  gained  the  ear  of  the  public,  nor  was  he 
greatly  successful  in  propagating  the  new  creed,  but 
throughout  his  life  his  was  a  friendship  prized  by 
some  of  the  foremost  of  our  intellectual  and  spirit- 
ual leaders,  and  in  that  circle  he  was  always  a 
power  by  reason  of  his  personality,  his  learning, 
and  his  great  spiritual  gifts.  The  memorial  volume 
is  an  interesting  and  valuable  one. 

A  new  volume  Xt  is  always  a  pleasure  to  record  the 
in  Mr.  Murray's  appearance  of  the  successive  volumes 
edition  of  Byron.  of  Mr  Murray's  excellent  edition  of 
Byron  (Scribner).  The  volume  before  us,  the  third 
of  the  poetry,  contains  the  metrical  tales  which 
confirmed  Byron's  fame  after  the  great  success  of 
"  Childe  Harold,"  together  with  the  miscellaneous 
pieces  of  the  same  period.  The  numerous  notes 
gratifyingly  confirm  one's  impression  of  the  taste, 
vigilance,  and  precision  of  Mr.  Coleridge,  who  is 
earning  the  admiration  of  students  and  the  grati- 
tude of  the  poet's  lovers.  This  volume  contains  six 
full-page  illustrations,  the  most  interesting  of  these 


132 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


King  Alfred's 
"  best  book  "  in 


being  a  reproduction  of  Hayter's  handsome  drawing 
of  Mrs.  Leigh  ("Augusta").  The  qualities  of  this 
edition  we  have  enlarged  upon  in  preceding  num- 
bers of  THE  DIAL:  they  are  such  that  it  must 
supersede  all  others,  irrespective  of  the  considerable 
amount  of  new  material  it  contains.  We  wish  Mr. 
Coleridge  good  speed  in  the  great  task  of  editing 
"Don  Juan,"  which  he  regards  as  Byron's  "great- 
est work."  The  illustration  of  a  poem  so  wide- 
ranging  and  various  must  severely  tax  the  resources 
of  the  most  accomplished  editor. 

The  coming  year  is  the  millenary  of 
the  death  of  King  Alfred,  and  to  its 
modem  English.  ceiebration  Mr.  Walter  John  Sedge- 
field  makes  a  highly  acceptable  contribution  by 
publishing,  through  the  Oxford  University  Press,  a 
modern  English  translation  of  "  King  Alfred's 
Version  of  the  Consolations  of  Boethius."  Mr. 
Sedgefield  has  previously  edited  the  Old  English 
text  of  this  "  best  book  "  of  the  King  of  the  West 
Saxons,  and  his  present  work  is  thus  a  sort  of  sup- 
plement to  his  earlier  one.  The  alliterative  verses 
of  the  original  are  reproduced  in  Old  English  metre, 
and  printed  together  at  the  end  of  the  volume.  In 
the  body  of  the  text,  the  editor  has  distinguished  by 
means  of  italics  the  additions  made  by  Alfred  to  the 
work  of  the  Roman  philosopher.  This  is  a  particu- 
larly interesting  feature  of  the  translation,  for  it 
enables  us  to  follow  the  very  workings  of  Alfred's 
mind  as  he  labored  for  the  instruction  and  moral 
welfare  of  his  subjects.  The  editor's  introduction 
is  valuable,  and  includes  specimen  extracts  from  the 
preceding  English  versions  of  Boethius. 

Newly  edited  Professor  W.  P.  Ker  has  put  all 
critical  writings  students  of  English  literature,  and 
cf  John  Dryden.  e8pecjanv  of  English  criticism,  in  his 
debt  by  editing  the  "  Essays  of  John  Dryden  "  for 
the  Oxford  University  Press.  The  work  occupies 
two  volumes,  and  includes  the  bulk  of  Dryden's 
critical  writings,  together  with  a  commentary  and 
extensive  notes.  "  It  is  not  meant  to  take  the  place 
of  Scott  or  of  Malone ;  but  may  serve  as  a  conven- 
ient book  for  reference,  to  be  used  especially  by 
such  readers  as  are  interested  in  criticism  and  the 
history  of  criticism,  and  who  may  be  glad  to  have 
Dryden's  critical  opinions  put  before  them  in  a 
form  adapted  for  ready  consultation  and  compari- 
son." In  all  cases  but  one,  the  text  has  been  col- 
lated with  the  original  editions ;  but  the  editor  has 
thought  it  best  to  modernize  the  spelling  and  give 
uniformity  to  the  punctuation.  The  scholarship  of 
the  author  of  "  Epic  and  Romance  "  needs  no  cer- 
tificate, and  it  is  a  matter  of  course  that  he  has 
done  his  editorial  work  in  an  admirable  way. 

For  unprotected  The  American  woman  going  abroad 
American  women  for  the  first  time  and  without  a  man 

going  abroad.  to  look  after  her  wjn  fin(j   the   Httle 

book  entitled  "  European  Travel  for  Women " 
(Macmillan),  by  Mary  Cadwallader  Jones,  worth 
its  weight  in  gold.  In  it  the  thousand  and  one 


anxious  queries  that  rise  to  the  lips  of  the  unpro- 
tected female  tourist  after  she  is  fairly  "  in  the 
thick  of  it "  are  answered  in  advance  in  a  most 
practical  and  satisfactory  way.  As  the  author  states 
it,  the  book  is  "  intended  especially  for  the  use  of 
women,  to  suggest  what  they  had  better  take  with 
them  in  going  abroad  for  the  first  time,  and  to  tell 
them  how  they  can  get  about  most  comfortably 
after  landing."  Special  chapters  deal  with  travel 
in  England,  France,  Germany,  and  Italy,  respect- 
ively ;  and  there  is  a  table  of  well-selected  useful 
foreign  phrases.  In  short,  the  woman  who  has 
mastered  the  contents  of  this  little  manual  may 
venture  on  the  unknown  sea  of  European  travel 
with  a  comparatively  light  heart. 

An  account  of  ''  Spencer  and  Spencerism  "  (Double- 
Herbert  Spencer  day,  Page  &  Co.)  is  the  title  of  a 

and  hit  system.          ugeful   1|ule    volume    of    233    pages, 

wherein  Mr.  Hector  Macpherson  essays  not  only 
"  to  present  to  the  general  reader  Spencerism  in 
lucid,  coherent  shape,"  but  to  convey  in  outline 
some  knowledge  of  the  career  and  personality  of 
the  author  of  the  system.  The  book  was  under- 
taken with  Mr.  Spencer's  approval ;  and  while  it 
is,  as  it  should  be,  the  work  of  a  disciple  of  his,  it 
is  not  that  of  a  slavish  one.  Mr.  Macpherson  is  a 
good  expositor,  and  something  more  than  an  ex- 
positor, his  work  showing  throughout  a  rather  critical 
bias  —  a  tendency  to  collate  and  classify  philosoph- 
ical ideas,  as  well  as  merely  to  elucidate  them  and 
simplify  the  form  of  their  original  expression.  As 
an  essay  in  Spencerism,  the  book  is  decidedly  sug- 
gestive, and  the  general  reader  will  find  it  helpful 
on  its  expository  side. 

Educators  will  note  with  interest  the 
appearance  of  a  life  of  the  late  "  Joel 
Dorman  Steele  "  (Barnes),  by  Mrs. 
George  Archibald.  Dr.  Steele  made  his  mark  in 
life  as  a  popular  instructor  and  successful  adminis- 
trator, as  well  as  the  author  of  a  series  of  text-books 
upon  the  merits  of  which  opinion  is  still  divided. 
Mrs.  Archibald's  life  is  the  uncritical  and  affec- 
tionate tribute  of  an  ex-pupil  to  a  master  to  whom 
she  was  personally  much  attached ;  and  it  is  pre- 
fixed by  an  autobiographical  fragment  outlining  its 
author's  career  down  to  about  1867.  From  the 
book  may  be  gathered  passim  passages  indicating 
Dr.  Steele's  somewhat  original  notions  as  to  quelling 
the  "  old  Adam "  and  sowing  the  seeds  of  virtue 
and  knowledge  in  the  youthful  mind.  "  Pedagogue  " 
is  writ  large  (and  somewhat  repellantly)  on  the 
portrait  which  forms  the  frontispiece. 

A  translation  from  the  German,  by 
Henrietta  Szold,of  Volume  I.,  which 
constitutes  Part  I.,  of  "  The  Ethics 
of  Judaism,"  by  Professor  M.  Lazarus  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Berlin,  is  issued  in  presentable  form  by 
The  Jewish  Publication  Society  of  America  (Phila- 
delphia). The  remaining  three  volumes  of  the 
work  are  to  be  published  at  regular  intervals.  The 


The  ethics 
of  Judaism. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


133 


present  volume  is  divided  into  three  chapters  re- 
spectively headed,  "On  the  Sources  of  Jewish 
Ethics,"  "  The  Principle  of  Jewish  Ethics,"  "  The 
Character  of  Jewish  Ethics."  Dr.  Lazarus's  treat- 
ment of  his  theme  is  strictly  objective  and  scientific, 
and  his  work  bids  fair  to  supply  when  completed, 
through  its  portrayal  of  the  inner  life  of  Judaism, 
a  needed  supplement  to  the  monumental  History  of 
Graetz. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


The  source  extracts  from  American  history,  prepared 
by  Professor  Howard  W.  Caldwell,  of  the  University  of 
Nebraska,  and  published  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Miller,  have 
frequently  received  our  commendation,  and  we  are  now 
glad  to  have  the  entire  collection  bound  up  in  a  single 
volume.  The  volume  includes  two  series  of  ten  num- 
bers each,  their  respective  subjects  being  "  A  Survey  of 
American  History  "  and  "  American  Territorial  Devel- 
opment." The  latter  series  comes  down  to  the  present 
year,  and  includes  extracts  from  State  papers  and  other 
sources  bearing  upon  the  inglorious  war  of  subjugation 
in  which  the  country  of  Washington  and  Lincoln  is  now 
engaged. 

To  most  English  readers,  Joseph  Glanvill  is  nothing 
more  than  a  name,  the  name  of  an  obscure  English 
writer  of  the  seventeenth  century,  from  whom  Matthew 
Arnold  got  the  story  of  "  The  Scholar  Gypsy."  Those 
who  wish  to  make  his  further  acquaintance  may  now 
be  directed  to  a  monograph  prepared  by  Dr.  Ferris 
Greenslet  in  pursuance  of  his  study  for  a  degree  at 
Columbia  University.  This  monograph,  published  for 
the  University  by  the  Macmillan  Co.,  is  the  first  number 
in  a  new  series  of  "  Studies  in  English."  We  cannot 
commend  too  highly  the  practice  of  this  University  in 
publishing  these  dissertations  in  the  form  of  ordinary 
books.  The  present  volume  is  thoroughly  creditable  to 
the  department  whence  it  issues,  and  a  valuable  contri- 
bution to  the  history  of  English  literature. 

A  moderate  sized  volume  of  "  Selected  Writings  of 
Isaac  M.  Wise,"  prefixed  by  a  hundred  pages  of  biog- 
raphy, the  joint  work  of  David  Philipson  and  Louis 
Grossman,  is  published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Alum- 
na! Association  of  the  Hebrew  Union  College,  by  the 
Robert  Clarke  Co.  Dr.  Wise  was  for  over  half  a  cen- 
tury a  conspicuous  figure  in  American  Jewish  life,  and 
the  writings  selected  for  the  present  volume  may  be 
pronounced  as  representative  of  their  author's  style  and 
opinions,  as  they  are  thoughtful,  public-spirited,  and 
earnest.  There  are  half  a  dozen  illustrations  which 
acceptably  crown  this  worthy  memorial  volume. 

Two  new  volumes  in  the  "  Famous  Scots  Series " 
(Scribner)  are  Mr.  Edward  Pennington's  "  Sir  David 
Wilkie"  and  Mr.  A.  R.  MacE wen's  "The  Erskines." 
The  particular  Erskines  treated  of  by  Mr.  MacEwen 
were  the  brothers  Ebenezer  and  Ralph,  famous  in  the 
annals  of  the  Scotch  church  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
The  early  history  of  the  Secession  church,  of  which 
Ebenezer  Erskine  was  the  founder,  may  be  read  in  out- 
line in  Mr.  MacEwen's  scholarly  little  book.  The  life 
of  Wilkie  forms  an  interesting  story  in  itself,  as  well  as 
an  important  chapter  in  the  history  of  British  art;  and 
Mr.  Penniugton  tells  it  well  and  with  due  discrimina- 
tion, quoting  the  critics  pro  and  con,  and  holding  the 
balance  pretty  fairly  between  them. 


NOTES. 


Shakespeare's  "  Julius  Caesar,"  edited  by  Dr.  G.  C.  D. 
Odell,  is  an  English  text  recently  published  by  Messrs. 
Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 

"  An  Epitome  of  the  New  Testament,"  in  the  Greek 
text,  has  been  prepared  by  Professor  Nicholas  J. 
Stoft'el,  of  Notre  Dame  University,  and  is  issued  from 
the  press  of  that  institution. 

Daudet's  "  Kings  in  Exile,"  translated  by  Miss 
Katharine  Prescott  Wormeley,  has  been  published  by 
Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  in  an  edition  uniform 
with  their  other  novels  by  this  author. 

The  first  number  of  a  little  periodical  to  be  called 
"  Noon,"  devoted  to  the  reprinting  of  popular  and 
"  famous  "  poetry,  will  be  issued  early  this  month  by 
Mr.  William  S.  Lord  of  Evanstou,  111. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  have  just  sent  us  a  new  edition 
of  "  Elizabeth  and  Her  German  Garden,"  containing 
something  like  fifty  pages  of  new  matter,  and  intended 
by  the  writer  to  be  the  final  form  of  the  work. 

An  historical  essay  on  "  The  Hiding  of  the  Charter," 
by  Mr.  Charles  J.  Hoadly,  is  announced  as  the  second 
publication  of  the  Acorn  Club  of  New  Haven,  an  asso- 
ciation organized  for  the  purpose  of  issuing  works  bear- 
ing on  the  history  and  literature  of  Connecticut. 

Volumes  XI.  and  XII.  of  the  "  Cornell  Studies  in 
Classical  Philology  "  (Macmillan)  have  just  been  pub- 
lished. The  former  is  an  "  Index  in  Xenophontis 
Memorabilia,"  prepared  by  Misses  Catharine  M.  Gloth 
and  Mary  F.  Kellogg;  the  latter  is  "A  Study  of  the 
Greek  Pecan,"  the  work  of  Dr.  Arthur  Fairbanks. 

"  Rome:  Its  Rise  and  Fall,"  by  Dr.  Philip  Van  Ness 
Myers  (Ginn),  is  an  expansion  of  the  author's  smaller 
text-book  of  Roman  history  into  a  volume  of  over  five 
hundred  pages,  with  many  maps  and  other  illustrations. 
The  success  long  since  achieved  by  Dr.  Myers  as  a 
writer  of  text-books  guarantees  the  scholarship  and  the 
practical  usefulness  of  this  new  work. 

It  is  announced  that  the  reorganization  of  the  affairs 
of  Messrs.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  is  practically  completed, 
that  all  their  obligations  have  been  or  shortly  will  be 
met  in  full,  and  that  their  business  will  go  on  with  the 
old  management  and  on  an  efficient  financial  basis. 
This  announcement  will  be  gratifying  to  the  friends  of 
this  old  and  honorable  house,  and  to  the  American 
book  trade  generally. 

The  "  International  Catalogue  of  Scientific  Litera- 
ture "  is  now  well  under  way,  and  publication  will  be- 
gin next  year.  Seventeen  subjects  will  be  comprised, 
and  a  volume  for  each  subject  will  be  ready  some  time 
during  the  year.  The  price  of  subscription  is  £17,  and 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  will  receive  applications 
from  this  country.  Three  hundred  sets  must  be  sjub- 
scribed  for  in  order  to  secure  the  production  of  this 
work,  and  the  forty-five  sets  allotted  to  the  United 
States  should  be  taken  up  without  delay. 

Mr.  J.  R.  Tutin's  "Concordance"  to  FitzGerald's 
translation  of  Omar,  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co., 
seems  to  us  to  be  the  very  acme  of  useless  labor.  A 
Concordance  is  a  work  which  helps  us  to  find  a  striking 
word  or  phrase  in  a  voluminous  writer,  and  we  often 
find  such  a  work  useful;  but  we  cannot  conceive  of  the 
existence  of  persons  who  will  wish  to  know  exactly  how 
many  times,  and  in  what  places,  FitzGerald  used  such 
words  as  "  and  "  and  "  the  "  in  the  several  editions  of 
his  slender  sheaf  of  quatrains. 


134 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


TOPICS  ix  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

September,  1900. 

American  Republics,  Bureau  of.    W.  W.  Rockhill.    Forum. 
Arctic  Highlanders,  With.     W.  A.  Wyckoff.     Scribner. 
Art  Education  for  Men.     C.  N.  Flagg.    Atlantic. 
Austria,  Constitutional  Crisis  in.  Maurice  Baumfeld.  Forum. 
Bacteria,  Use  of  in  Our  Food  Products.     International. 
Bering  Sea,  Summer  Holiday  in.   John  Burroughs.    Century. 
Boss,  The  American.     Francis  C.  Lowell.    Atlantic. 
Campaign  of  1900,  The.     W.  J.  Stone.     Forum. 
Census  Methods,  American.     W.  F.  Willcox.     Forum. 
Chickamauga  Crisis,  The,    Jacob  D.  Cox.     Scribner. 
"  Child,  The."    J.  C.  Fernald.     At/antic. 
China  against  the  World.     Paul  S.  Reinsch.     Forum. 
China,  America  and  Reconstruction  of.     Eeview  of  Reviews. 
China,  Can  She  be  Saved  ?    Talcott  Williams.     Rev.  of  Rev. 
China,  Influence  of  Western  World  on.     Century. 
China,  Japan's  Attitude  toward.     D.  W.  Stevens.    Forum. 
China,  Japan's  Present  Attitude  toward.    Review  of  Reviews. 
China,  Missions  in.    J.  S.  Dennis.    Review  of  Reviews. 
China,  Revolution  of.     R.  Van  Bergen.     Century. 
China,  Russia's  Interest  in.     Brooks  Adams.     Atlantic. 
China,  The  Conflict  in.    Edmund  Buckley.    International. 
Consular  Inspection,  Plea  for.     A.  H.  Washburn.    Forum. 
Cotton-Seed,  the  New  Cereal.    E.  L.  Johnson.     Forum. 
Detroit  Bicentennial  Memorial.   Anna  Mathewson.   Century. 
Didon,  Pere.     Th.  Bentzon.     Century. 
France,  Work  and  Wages  in.     W.  B.  Scaife.    Forum. 
Gameland  our  Fathers  Lost.     Frederic  Irland.     Scribner. 
Germans,  Anti-English  Feeling  among.    MaxMiiller.  Forum. 
Harrison,  Frederic,  New  Essays  of.    W.  P.  Trent.    Forum. 
Hauptmann,  Gerhart.    Margarethe  Miiller.    Atlantic. 
Historians,  American  School  of.    A.  B.  Hart.   International. 
Humbert,  King  of  Italy.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Huntington,  Collis  P.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Japan,  Recent  Books  on.    Jukichi  Inouye.     Atlantic. 
Kansas  City  Financial  Resolution.     G.  E.  Roberts.    Forum. 
Literature  for  Young  Americans.  H.  S.  Pancoast.  Lippincott. 
Lowell,  Personal  Retrospect  of.     W.  D.  Howells.    Scribner. 
Lutzen,  The  Battle  of.    Stephen  Crane.    Lippincott. 
Martinean,  James.    Charles  C.  Everett.    Atlantic. 
Ober-Ammergau  in  1900.    H.  D.  Rawnsley.    Atlantic. 
Oklahoma.    Helen  C.  Candee.     Atlantic. 
Philippine  Sketches,  Two.    H.  PhelpsWhitmarsh.  Atlantic. 
Philippines,  Pressing  Needs  of.    J.  H.  Parker.   Rev.  of  Rev. 
Philosophy  and  Art.    Paul  E.  More.    Atlantic. 
Platforms,  Democratic  and  Republican,  Compared.    Forum. 
Press  and  Foreign  News.     Rollo  Ogden.     Atlantic. 
Prohibition  Party  and  its  Candidates.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Russia,  Expansion  of.    Alfred  Rambaud.    International. 
Slavers,  Afloat  with  the.    J.  R.  Spears.     Scribner. 
Southern  Newspaper,  An  Old.    W.  P.  Trent.    Atlantic. 
Thames,  The.    Sir  Walter  Besant.     Century. 
Trade  Unionism,  Tendency  in.    A.  F.  Weber.  International. 
Troglodyte  Dwellings  in  Cappadocia.     Century. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  containing  86  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 

Richelieu,  and  the  Growth  of  the  French  Power.  By  James 
Breck  Perkins.  LL.D.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.359.  "Heroes 
of  the  Nations."  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.50. 

Joseph  Glanvill:  A  Study  in  English  Thought  and  Letters 
of  the  Seventeenth  Century.  By  Ferris  Greenslet.  Ph.D. 
With  portrait,  l'2mo,  uncut,  pp.  235  "  Columbia  Univer- 
sity Studies  in  English."  Macmillan  Co.  SI. 50  net. 

Personal  Recollections.  By  H.  Sutherland  Edwards.  8vo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  280.  Cassell  Company,  Ltd.  $1.50. 

Diirer.  By  H.  Knackfuss ;  trans,  by  Campbell  Dodgson. 
Illus.,  large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  152.  "Monographs 
on  Artists."  Lemcke  &  Buechner.  $1.50. 


HISTORY. 

A  Brief  History  of  Eastern  Asia.  By  I.  C.  Hannah, 
M.A.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  303.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $2.  net. 

A  History  of  Political  Parties  in  the  United  States.  By 
James  H.  Hopkins.  Kvo,  pp.  477.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $2. 

American  History:  Unification — Expansion  (Source  Ex- 
tracts). By  Howard  W.  Caldwell,  A.M.  12mo,  pp.  255. 
Chicago:  J.  H.  Miller. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

A  Book  for  All  Readers :  Designed  as  an  Aid  to  the  Collec- 
tion, Use,  and  Preservation  of  Books,  and  the  Formation 
of  Public  and  Private  Libraries.  By  Ainsworth  R. 
Spofford.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  509.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $2. 

Elizabeth  and  her  German  Garden.  New  edition  with  ad- 
ditions. 12mo,  uncut,  pp.  225.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.75. 

Making  the  Most  of  Social  Opportunities.  By  Mrs. 
Lucia  Ames  Mead.  12mo,  pp.  28.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co. 
35  cts. 

On  the  Training  of  Lovers.  By  Austin  Bierbower.  12mo, 
pp.  32.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  35  cts. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

Love's  Comedy.  By  Henrik  Ibsen  ;  trans.,  with  Introduc- 
tion and  Notes,  by  C.  H.  Herford.  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  167.  "  Modern  Plays."  Charles  H.  Sergei  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Addresses  and  Essays  on  Subjects  of  History,  Education, 
and  Government.  By  Edward  Everett  Hale.  With  fron- 
tispiece, 12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  421.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co. 
$1.50. 

How  to  Do  It.  To  which  is  added,  How  to  Live.  By 
Edward  Everett  Hale.  With  frontispiece.  12mo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  397.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Seneca's  Tranquility  of  Mind,  and  Providence:  Two 
Essays.  Trans,  by  William  B.  Langsdorf,  Ph.D.  16mo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  141.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1. 

Tully's  Offices.  Turned  out  of  Latin  into  English  by  Roger 
L'Estrange.  With  frontispiece,  24mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.195.  "Temple  Classics."  Macmillan  Co.  50  cts. 

Cassell's  National  Library.  Edited  by  Prof.  Henry 
Morley.  New  vols  :  Richard  Hakluyt's  Voyagers' Tales, 
Abraham  Cowley's  Essays,  and  Edmund  Bnrke's  The 
Sublime  and  Beautiful.  Each  24mo.  Cassell  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Per  vol.,  paper,  10  cts. 

FICTION. 

Pine  Knot:    A  Story  of  Kentucky  Life.     By  William  E. 

Barton.    Illus.,    12mo,    pp.    360.    D.    Appleton  &   Co. 

$1  50. 
Whilomville  Stories.    By  Stephen  Crane.    Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  199.    Harper  &  Brothers.     $1.50. 
Edward  Barry,  South  Sea  Pearler.  By  Louis  Becke.  Illus., 

12mo,  pp.  305.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.     $1.50. 
Father    Anthony:    A  Romance  of  To-day.     By  Robert 

Buchanan.     Illus.,    12mo,    gilt    top,    pp.    261.    G.    W. 

Dillingham  Co.     $1.50. 
The  Girl  at  the  Halfway  House:  A  Story  of  the  Plains. 

By    E.  Hough.    12mo,    pp.    371.    D.   Appleton  &   Co. 

$1.50. 
A  Royal  Enchantress:  The  Romance  of  the  Last  Queen 

of  the  Berbers.    By  Leo  Charles  Dessar.    Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  350.     Continental  Publishing  Co.     $1.50. 
A  Georgian  Actress.  By  Pauline  Bradford  Mackie.  Illus., 

12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  296.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    $1.50. 
Countess  Helena.     By  Gertrude  Hague.    12mo,  pp.  317. 

G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.    $1.50. 
Ada  Verham,  Actress.  By  Richard  Marsh.  12mo,  pp.  272. 

L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    $1.50. 
Breaking  the  Shackles.  By  Frank  Barrett.  12mo,  pp.  338. 

L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Jay-  Hawkers :  A  Story  of  Free  Soil  and  Border  Ruffi  an 

Days.     By  Adela  E.  Orpen.    12mo,  pp.  300.    D.  Appleton 

&  Co.     $1.;  paper,  50  cts. 
Slaves  of  Chance.    By  Ferrier  Langworthy.    Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  346.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Progress  of  Pauline  Kessler.    By  Frederic  Carrel. 

12mo,  pp.  335.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.     $1.50. 
Clare  Duval.    By  Clement  Wilkes.    12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  316. 

G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.    $1.50. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


135 


A  Master  of  Life.   By  Zola  M.  Boyle ;  with  Introduction  by 

Prof.  John  D.  Quackenbos.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  219. 

Q.  W.  Dillingham  Co.     $1.25. 
Brown  of  Lost  River:   A  Story  of  the  West.     By  Mary  E. 

Stick ney.     12mo,   pp.    309.    D.    Appleton    &    Co.    $1.; 

paper,  50  cts. 
Her  Boston  Experiences:  A  Picture  of  Modern  Boston 

Society  and  People.     By  Margaret  Allston.     Illus.,  Kinio, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  208.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.     $1.25. 
God,  the  King,  my  Brother.    By  Mary  F.  Nixon.     Illus., 

12mo,  pp.  296.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.     $1.25. 
The  Hermit  of  the  Catskills:    A  Tale  of  the  American 

Revolution.    By    De  Witt    Clinton    Overbaugh.     With 

frontispiece,    12mo,    pp.    223.     Q.    W.   Dillingham    Co. 

$1.25. 
The  Second  Lady  Delcombe.    By  Mrs.  Arthur  Kennard. 

12mo,  pp.  328.   J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.    $1.;  paper  50c. 
Comrades  True.   By  Annie  Thomas  ( Mrs.  Pender  Cudlip ). 

12mo,  pp.  354.     F.  M.  Buckles  &  Co.    $1.25. 
Lone  Pine :  The  Story  of  a  Lost  Mine.  By  R.  B.  Townshend. 

12mo,  pp.  400.   G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  Paper,  50  cts. 
Social  Sinners.  By  Emile  A.  Palier.   12mo,  uncut,  pp.  229. 

The  Abbey  Press.     $1. 
A  Sugar  Princess.   By  Albert  Ross.  12mo,  pp.  320.   Q.  W. 

Dillingham  Co.     Paper,  50  cts. 
Whom  the  Winds  Carry.   By  Cora  Sewell.   12mo,  pp.  271. 

G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.     Paper,  50  cts. 
The  Mystery  of  Madeline  Le  Blanc.    By  Max  Ehrmann. 

12mo,  pp.  107.    Cambridge,    Mass.:     Co-operative  Pub- 
lishing Co. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

A  White  Woman  in  Central  Africa.  By  Helen  Caddick. 
Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  242.  Cassell  Company, 
Ltd.  $1.25. 

The  Rockies  of  Canada:  A  Revised  and  Enlarged  Edition 
of  "Camping  in  the  Canadian  Rockies.1'  By  Walter 
Dwight  Wilcox,  F.R.G.S.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  large 
8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  309.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$3.50. 

THEOLOGY  AND  RELIGION. 
The  Biblical  Theology    of  the  New  Testament.    By 

Ezra  P.  Gould,  D.D.    12mo,  pp.  221.     "  New  Testament 

Hand-books."    Macmillan  Co.    75  cts.  net. 
An  Epitome  of  the  New  Testament   in    Greek.     By 

Nicholas  J.  S  toff  el,  C.S.C.    12mo,  pp.  322.    Notre  Dame, 

Ind.:  The  University  Press. 
Biblical  Chronology.    By  Major-General  W.  A.  Baker. 

8vo,  pp.  72.  St.  Leonards-on-Sea,  England :  Daniel  &  Co. 

Paper. 
Now.    By  Alexander  McKenzie,  D.D.    12mo,  pp.  27.    L.  C. 

Page  &  Co.    35  cts. 

SCIENCE. 

Prehistoric  Implements:  A  Reference  Book  Descriptive  of 
the  Ornaments,  Utensils,  and  Implements  of  Pre-Columbian 
Man  in  America.  By  Warren  K.  Moorehead  and  others. 
Illus. ,  large  8vo,  pp.  431 .  The  Robert  Clarke  Co.  $3. 

Cornell  Studies  in  Classical  Philology.  Newvols.:  Index 
in  Xenophontis  Memorabilia,  confecerunt  Catharina  Maria 
Gloth  et  Maria  Francisca  Kellogg ;  A  Study  of  the  Greek 
Paean,  by  Arthur  Fairbanks,  Ph.D.  Each  8vo.  Macmillan 
Co.  Each  $1. 

POLITICS  AND  ECONOMICS. 

The  Crisis  in  China :  An  Exposition  of  the  Present  Situa- 
tion, its  Causes  and  its  Results.  By  various  writers.  Illus., 
12mo,  pp.  271.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $1. 

Russia  Against  India:  The  Struggle  for  Asia.  By  Archi- 
bald R.  Colquhoun.  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  242.  Harper  & 
Brothers.  $1.50. 

The  Trusts:  What  Can  We  Do  with  Them?  What  Can 
They  Do  for  Us  ?  By  William  Miller  Collier.  12mo,  pp. 
338.  Baker  &  Taylor  Co.  $1.25 ;  paper  50  cts. 

BOOKS  OF  REFERENCE. 
Cyclopedia  of  American  Horticulture.   By  L.  H.  Bailey, 

assisted  by  Wilhelm  Miller,  Ph.D.,  and  others.    Vol.  II., 

E  — M.     Illus.,  4to,  pp.  550.     Macmillan  Co.     $5.  net. 

( Sold  only  in  sets. ) 
List  of  Books  in  the  Reading  Room  of  the  John  Crerar 

Library,   January,   1900.      Large    8vo.   uncut,    pp.   251. 

Chicago :  The  Board  of  Directors.    Paper. 


Copyright  Enactments,  1783-1900.  Compiled  by  Thorvald 
Solberg.  8vo,  pp.  83.  Government  Printing  Office. 

List  of  Books  Relating  to  the  Theory  of  Colonization.  Gov- 
ernment of  Dependencies,  Protectorates,  and  Related 
Topics.  By  A.  P.  0.  Griffin.  8vo,  pp.  131.  Government 
Printing  Office.  Paper. 

List  of  Books  Relating  to  Trusts.  By  A.  P.  C.  Griffin.  8vo, 
pp.  20.  Government  Printing  Office.  Paper. 

Isaac  Pitman's  Complete  Phonographic  Instructor.  By 
Isaac  Pitman.  Revised  edition ;  16mo,  pp.  252.  New  York: 
Isaac  Pitman  &  Sons.  $1.50. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

Fireside  Battles :  A  Story.    By  Annie  G.  Brown ;  illns.  by 

J.  C.  Leyendecker.   Edition  de  luxe ;  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  327. 

Laird  &  Lee.    $1.25. 
Battling  for  Atlanta.    By  Byron  A.  Dunn.    Illus..  12mo, 

pp.380.    "Young  Kentuckians  Series."     A.  C.  McClurg 

&  Co.     $1.25. 
Baby  Goose:  His  Adventures.     By  Fannie  E.  Ostrauder. 

Illus.  in  colors,  oblong  4to.     Laird  &  Lee.     $1.25. 
A  Fairy  Night's  Dream;  or.  The  Horn  of  Oberon.     By 

Katharine  Elise  Chapman.   Illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  large  8vo, 

pp.  95.     Laird  &  Lee.     $1. 
Winning  Out:  A  Book  for  Young  People  on  Character 

Building  by  Habit  Forming.     By  Orison  Swett  Marden. 

With  portraits,  12mo,  gilt  top,   pp.  251.     Lothrop  Pub- 
lishing Co.     $1. 
A  Little  Puritan's  First  Christmas.    By  Edith  Robinson. 

Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  94.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    50  cts. 
Farmer  Brown  and  the  Birds.   By  Frances  Margaret  Fox. 

Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  72.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    50  cts. 

EDUCATION— BOOKS  FOR  SCHOOL  AND 
COLLEGE. 

Exercises  in  Mind  Training  in  Quickness  of  Perception, 
Concentrated  Attention,  and  Memory.  By  Catherine 
Aiken.  12 mo,  pp.  122.  American  Book  Co.  $1. 

Rome :  Its  Rise  and  Fall.  By  Philip  Van  Ness  Myers,  L.H.D. 
Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  551.  Ginn  &  Co.  $1.40. 

Outline  History  of  English  and  American  Literature. 
By  Charles  F.  Johnson,  Litt.D.  With  portrait,  12mo, 
pp.  552.  American  Book  Co.  $1.25. 

Popular  Astronomy.  By  Joel  Dorman  Steele,  Ph.D.;  re- 
vised and  brought  down  to  date  by  Mabel  Loomis  Todd. 
Illns.,  12mo,  pp.  349.  American  Book  Co.  $1. 

Stories  of  the  Badger  State.  By  Reuben  Gold  Thwaites. 
Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  255.  American  Book  Co.  60  cts. 

Elements  of  English  Grammar.  By  George  P.  Brown  and 
Charles  De  Garmo.  12mo,  pp.  255.  Werner  School  Book 
Co.  60  ots. 

Shakespeare's  Julius  Caesar.  Edited  by  George  C.  D. 
Odell,  Ph.D.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  pp.  161.  Long- 
mans, Green,  &  Co.  50  cts. 

Milton's  Minor  Poems.  Edited  by  Edward  S.  Parsons, 
M.A.  With  portrait,  18mo,  pp.  138.  Benj.  H.  Sanborn 
&  Co.  30  cts. 

Riverside  Literature  Series.  New  vols.:  Selections  from 
Sesame  and  Lilies,  by  John  Ruskin ;  Plutarch's  Alexander 
the  Great,  done  into  English  by  Sir  Thomas  North.  Each 
IGnio.  Houghton,  Miffiin  &  Co.  Each,  paper,  15c. 

MISCELLANEO  US. 

All  About  Dogs:  A  Book  for  Doggy  People.  By  Charles 
Henry  Lane ;  illus.  by  R.  H.  Moore.  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  399.  John  Lane.  $2.50  net. 

The  Law  in  its  Relations  to  Physicians.  By  Arthur  N. 
Taylor,  LL.B.  12mo,  pp.  550.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $2. 

A  Manual  of  Personal  Hygiene.  Edited  by  Walter  L. 
Pyle,  A.M.  Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  344.  Philadelphia:  W.  B. 
Saunders  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

From  India  to  the  Planet  Mars:  A  Study  of  a  Case  of 
Somnambulism.  By  Th.  Flournoy ;  trans,  from  the  French 
by  Daniel  B.  Vermilye.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  447.  Harper  & 
Brothers.  $1.50. 

Memories  of  Some  Oxford  Pets  by  their  Friends.  Col- 
lected by  Mrs.  Wallace;  with  Preface  by  W.  Warde 
Fowler,  M.A.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  pp.  129.  Oxford : 
B.  H.  Blackwell. 

To  an  English  Sparrow.  By  William  S.  Lord.  Illus.,  8vo. 
Evanston,  111.:  Published  by  the  author.  Paper. 


136 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


The  Amos  Tuck  School  of  Administration 
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THE    DIAL 


137 


HOCH    DER   KAISER. 

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138  THE    DIAL  [Sept. 


A 

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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


139 


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140 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1,  1900. 


HEAVEN'S    DISTANT   LAMPS. 

Poems  of  Comfort  and  Hope. 

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Claries  §>cribnet's 


142  THE     DIAL  [Sept.  16, 


SCRIBNER'S   NEW  BOOKS 

anti 


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Domestic  Dramas.    By  Paul  Bourget 

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The  Girl  and  the  Governor 

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Story-Tell  Lib 

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Novels  by  Emile  Gaboriau 

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Cijartes 


1900.]  THE    DIAL  143 


SCRIBNER'S   NEW  BOOKS 

Booftg  of  &ertoug  Snteregt 

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Mooswa  and  Others  of  the  Boundaries 

By  W.  A.  ERASER. 

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Paul  Jones:    Founder  of  the  American  Navy.    A  History 

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Military  Reminiscences  of  the  Civil  War 

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Formerly  Major-General  commanding  23d  Army  Corps. 

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Napoleon  III.  at  the  Height  of  His  Power 

;.';;  By  IMBERT  DE  SAINT- AM  AND.      Translated  by  Elizabeth  Gilbert  Martin. 

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The  Referendum  in  America 

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Claries  S>crttmer'g  S>on«     jRetu  gor& 


144 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


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(SEE  ALSO  OPPOSITE  PAGE) 


Memoirs  of  Alexander  I. 

And  the  Court  of  Russia. 

By   Mine.  LA  COMTESSE  DE  CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER. 

Translated    from    the    French  by  Mary  Berenice 

Patterson.    With  Portraits.    12mo,  gilt  top,  deckel 

edges,  $1.50. 

The  author  of  this  volume  was  an  intimate  friend  of 
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who  occupied,  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  nineteenth 
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"An  excellent  translation." —  The  Outlook. 

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The  Cardinal's  Musketeer. 

By  M.  IMLAY  TAYLOR,  author  of  "  On  the  Red 
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unteer," "The  House  of  the  Wizard."  12 mo, 
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"It  is  a  strong,  well-studied  reproduction  of  the  times 
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Opportunity, 

And  Other  Essays  and  Addresses. 

By   Rt.  Rev.  J.   L.   SPALDING,   Bishop    of    Peoria, 
author    of    "  Education    and    the    Higher    Life," 
«  Things  of  the  Mind,"  etc.     12mo,  $1.00. 
The  volume  contains  essays  on  Opportunity ;    Woman 

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Educator ;  The  Patriot ;  and  Empire  or  Republic. 

"  Full  of  noble  thought  set  forth  in  singularly  genial, 

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"  '  Opportunity '  is  a  volume  such  as  one  might  profitably 

catch  up  from  one's  reading-table  dozens  of  times  in  a 

week."  —  The  Boston  Budget. 

Oh,  What  a  Plague  is  Love! 

By  KATHARINE  TYNAN,  author  of  "  The  Dear  Irish 
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McLoughlin  and  Old  Oregon. 

A  Chronicle. 

By  EVA  EMERY  DYE.     Gilt  top,  with  Frontispiece. 

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A  graphic  account  of  the  movement  that  added  Oregon 
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and  women  concerned  in  the  incidents  described,  and  the 
author  often  lingers,  gracefully  and  entertainingly,  it  must 
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The  Dread  and   Fear  of   Kings. 

By  J.  BRECKINRIDGE  ELLIS.    12mo,  $1.25. 

The  period  of  this  romance  is  the  beginning  of  the 
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enchain  the  attention  of  the  reader. 

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She  Walks  in  Beauty. 

By  KATHARINE  TYNAN,  author  of  "  The  Dear  Irish 

Girl,"  "The    Handsome    Brandons,"   etc.     12mo, 

$1.50. 

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character."  —  The  Churchman  (New  York). 

Back  to  Christ. 

Some    Modern    Forms   of    Religious   Thought. 

By  WALTER  SPENCE.     12mo,  $1.00. 

With  clearness  and  brevity  this  little  book  presents  to 
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"  While  endeavoring  to  show  us  the  sweet  reasonable- 
ness of  the  new  theology,  the  author  never  stops  to  revile 
the  old.  .  .  .  The  charm  of  the  book  consists  in  its 
brevity,  simplicity,  strength,  and  fairness." —  The  Boston 
Times. 

Man  and  His  Divine  Father. 

By  JOHN  C.  C.  CLARKE,  D.D.     12mo,  $1.50. 

This  is  the  latest  treatment  of  Biblical  philosophy  from 
the  point  of  view  of  the  conservative  theologian. 

"  It  presents  a  conservative  theology  in  a  form  strongly 
marked  by  individual  independence.  .  .  .  Dr.  Clarke 
comes  close  to  the  truth,  unrecognized  in  the  creeds,  in 
holding  that  the  central  fact  in  the  atonement  is  in  the 
complete  union  of  Jesus'  life  with  the  lives  of  men." — 
The  Outlook. 


The  above  books  for  sale  by  booksellers  generally,  or  will  be  sent  postpaid,  upon  receipt  of  price,  by  the  publishers, 

A.  c.  MCCLURG  &  co.,  CHICAGO 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


145 


A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.'s  New  Publications 


READY  THIS  MONTH 

(SEE  ALSO  OPPOSITE  PAGE) 


Uncanonized. 

A  Romance  of  English  Monachism. 

By  MARGARET  HORTON  POTTER.     12mo,  $1.50. 

The  monastic  life  of  England  in  the  thirteenth  century 
and  the  political  conditions  of  the  momentous  reign  of 
King  John  are  here  set  before  us  with  the  utmost  clear- 
ness. Every  character  that  appears  in  the  course  of  the 
story  is  portrayed  with  artistic  skill ;  and  the  principal 
figure  —  that  of  Anthony  Fitz-Hubert,  son  of  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  the  courtier  turned  monk  to  save  his 
father's  soul  —  is  one,  it  may  confidently  be  said,  which  the 
reader  will  never  forget. 

Few  will  lay  down  this  novel  without  feeling  that  a  new 
force  has  appeared  in  American  letters.  The  power  and 
originality  of  the  conception  and  treatment  of  the  principal 
character  will  enter  for  the  author  a  strong  claim  to  a  place 
among  the  thoughtful  writers  of  to-day,  while  such  analysis 
of  character  and  breadth  of  historic  imagination  as  are 
found  here  are  things  rare  in  literature. 

The  Cobbler  of  Mimes. 

By  MARY  IMLAY  TAYLOR,  author  of  «•  On  the  Red 
Staircase,"  "The  Cardinal's  Musketeer,"  etc. 
12mo,  $1.25. 

A  delightful  tale  of  love  and  heroism  in  the  days  when 
the  Huguenots  of  Langnedpc  waged  their  desperate  fight 
for  liberty  of  conscience  against  the  tyranny  of  Louis  XIV. 
The  hero  of  the  story  is  a  little  humpbacked  cobbler,  whose 
unprepossessing  exterior  covers  a  magnanimous  and  loving 
soul,  and  who  sacrifices  his  life  to  save  the  lady  he  adores 
and  the  man  she  loves.  The  historical  incidents  are  subor- 
dinated to  the  interest  of  a  fascinating  character-study  and 
a  story  of  love  touched  as  if  with  the  purity  and  freshness 
of  a  summer  morning. 

Battling  for  Atlanta. 

(The  Young  Kentuckians  Series.) 

By  BYRON  A.  DUNN,  author  of  "  General  Nelson's 
Scout,"  "On  General  Thomas's  Staff."  Illus- 
trated. 12mo,  $1.25. 

The  brilliant  campaign  in  which  the  Union  forces  under 
General  Sherman  encountered  the  Confederate  forces,  com- 
manded at  first  by  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  and  later  by 
General  Hood,  is  portrayed  in  much  detail  and  in  an  in- 
tensely interesting  manner  by  Mr.  Dunn  in  the  third 
volume  of  the  Young  Kentuckians  Series,  entitled  "  Bat- 
tling for  Atlanta."  At  this  time  Fred  Shackelford,  a  mere 
youth  in  "  General  Nelson's  Scout,"  and  only  a  little  older 
in  "  On  General  Thomas's  Staff,"  is  now  a  young  man  of 
twenty-one  ;  and,  fitly  enough,  an  affair  of  the  heart,  in 
which  a  charming  daughter  of  the  Confederacy  is  the  party 
of  the  second  part,  cuts  a  considerable  figure  in  the  present 
volume,  though  there  is  also  sufficient  adventure  and  fight- 
ing to  please  young  people. 

Northern  Georgia  Sketches. 

By  WILL  N.  HARBEN.  16mo,  $1.00. 
Mr.  Harben's  stories  are  eagerly  sought  by  the  leading 
periodicals.  This  volume  contains  some  of  his  choicest 
work,  in  which  the  delightful  quality  of  his  humor  and 
pathos  and  his  clever  handling  of  plot  provide  a  rare  treat 
for  the  reader.  The  stories  have  a  permanent  interest,  in- 
asmuch as  they  depict  very  interesting  phases  of  social  life 
that  are  rapidly  disappearing.  This  end,  however,  they 
attain  indirectly,  for  Mr.  Harben  writes  purely  as  a  ro- 
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The  Private  Memoirs  of 
Madame  Roland. 

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JOHNSON.     Illustrated.     Gilt   top,    deckel  edges. 

12mo,  $1.50. 

Madame  Roland's  attractive  personality,  her  brilliant 
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disappointment  on  seeing  the  deeds  done  by  the  French 
Revolutionists  in  the  name  of  Liberty,  and  her  condemna- 
tion to  the  guillotine  are  here  set  forth  in  her  own  words  in 
the  form  of  personal  reminiscences.  The  editor's  intro- 
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tion and  to  appreciate  this  intensely  interesting  book. 

The  present  work  is  based  upon  a  translation  made  from 
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the  guillotine.  It  is  the  first  English  translation  published 
since  the  above-named,  and  now  very  scarce,  English 
edition. 

The  Handsome  Brandons. 

By  KATHARINE  TYNAN,  author  of  "  The  Dear  Irish 
Girl,"    "  Oh,  What  a  Plague   Is   Love  ! "     "  She 
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readers,  and  they  feel  as  if  privileged  in  being  introduced 
to  beings  so  pure  and  good  and  kind,  while  the  satisfaction 
which  they  experience  in  witnessing  the  happy  outcome  of 
the  sisters'  love  affairs  is  akin  to  a  personal  joy.    In  this 
story  Miss  Tynan  is  in  her  happiest  mood ;  the  humor,  the 
tenderness,  the  pathos  with  which  she  is  so  richly  gifted, 
are  found  here  in  fullest  measure. 

The  King's  Deputy. 

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This  is  a  very  spirited  and  dashing  story  of  life  at  the 
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is  realistic  and  truthful.  The  story  is  unusually  full  of 
incident  and  adventure,  and  the  reader's  attention  is  not 
allowed  to  flag  for  a  moment. 

"Mr.  Hinkson  has  caught  the  spirit  of  the  time  and  the 
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North  Carolina  Sketches. 

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life,  the  kindly  emotions  that  make  the  whole  world  kin. 
The  novel-reader,  the  student  of  social  conditions,  and  the 
historian  will  all  find  their  own  in  this  work. 


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T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co/s  New  Books -continued 


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BOY:    A  SKETCH.     By  MARIE  CORELLI,  author 

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THREE  WITCHES.  By  Mrs.  MOLESWORTH, 
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CONSPIRATORS  AT  SCHOOL.  By  ANDREW 
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THE    DIAL 


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J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY'S 

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A  Social  Note  on  the  Present  War.     By  MARIE 


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CORELLI.     12mo,  paper,  25  cts. 

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aid  of  that  army,  with  a  pretty  stiff  arraignment  of  Mr.  Kipling  generally  and  of  the  "  Absent- Minded  Beggar  "  particularly. 

GREAT  BATTLES  OF  THE  WORLD.     By  STEPHEN  CRANE.     With  8  illustrations  by  JOHN  SLOAN. 

Cloth,  ornamental,  $1.50. 

Mr.  Crane's  last  and  most  important  work,  he  having  completed  it  just  previous  to  his  death.  Since  his  first  book  Mr. 
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fitted  to  describe  adequately  the  "  Great  Battles  of  the  World." 

FAMOUS  AMERICAN  BELLES  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY.  By  VIRGINIA  TATNALL 
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This  magnificent  work  treats  of  the  most  famous  belles  of  all  sections  of  our  country  and  during  each  decade  of  the 
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LITERARY  RAMBLES  AT  HOME  AND  ABROAD.     By  Dr.  THEO.  F.  WOLFE,  author  of  "Literary 
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THE  ALPS,   FROM   END  TO    END.      By   Sir 

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MOTOR  VEHICLES  AND   MOTORS.      Their 
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ing drawings.     Quarto,  $10.00  net. 
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tive than  any  book  yet  published  dealing  with  a  mechanical 
combination  of  so  many  parts  and  functions  and  novelties  of 
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154 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


12 -NEW  NOVELS -12 

FOR   THE   AUTUMN    OF   1900 


MARIE  CORELLI 
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150,000  sold  before  publication  in  England  and  America. 


fl.50. 


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The  Isle  of  Unrest.    By  the  author  of 

"  The  Sowers,"  "  In  Kedar's  Tents,"  etc.     12mo, 
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This  ia  a  thrilling  story  of  life  in  Corsica  and  Southern 
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AMELIA  E.   BARR 

The  Maid   Of  Maiden   Lane.      A  Sequel  to  "  A  Bow  of  Orange  Ribbon."      By 

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WILLIAM  LE  QUEUX 

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This  is  a  serene  and  sweet  story  of  a  woman's  life, 
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The  Love  of  Landry.    By  the  author 

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THE 

MASTER  CHRISTIAN 

1       IS  NOW  READY.  >r  ' 

It  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  books  of  recent  years 

BY 

MARIE  CORELLI  T 

In  vigor  of  style,  in  boldness  of  conception,  in  tenderness  and 
pathos,  and  in  its  wide  appeal,  THE  MASTER  CHRISTIAN 
presents  features  of  extraordinary  interest.  It  is  impossible  to 
sketch  the  outlines  of  this  romance,  and  it  is  enough  to  say  that 
it  deals  with  the  great  problems  of  humanity  and  religion,  the 
eternal  struggk  between  the  spirit  and  the  flesh.  */ln  allegory  of 
striking  beauty  runs  through  the  hook. 

It  will  appeal  with  great  attraction  to  the  Roman  Catholic,  to 
the  Anglican,  to  the  Nonconformist,  to  the  agnostic,  and  to  the 
bigot;  to  the  worldling  as  well  as  to  the  religious. 

First  Edition,  in  America  and  England, 

150,000  Copies  ^  ., 

For  Sale  Everywhere. 

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156  THE     DIAL,  [Sept.  16, 


SOME  IMPORTANT  NEW  BOOKS 


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THE  EXPATRIATES  By  LILLIAN  BELL 

The  first  novel  by  an  author  who  has  already  made  a  name  as  an  essayist  and 
short  story  writer.  A  powerful  story  of  today.  A  critic  has  said  of  it :  "  Never 
has  such  fervent  patriotism  burned  in  every  line  of  an  American  romance 
since  <A  Man  Without  a  Comedy.'  "  Post  8vo.  Cloth,  $1.50. 

THE  DISHONOR  OF  FRANK  SCOTT  By  M.  HAMILTON 

A  story  with  so  startling  a  plot  that  it  can  scarcely  fail  to  attract  attention. 
The  author  is  an  English  woman,  already  well  known  in  other  branches  of 
literary  work.  Post  8vo.  Cloth,  $1.50. 

THE  LOST  CONTINENT  By  CUTCUFFE  HYNE 

The  author  has  laid  his  scenes  in  prehistoric  times,  on  the  lost  continent  of 
Atlantis,  where  a  thrilling  love  drama  is  enacted.  In  its  many  dramatic  situa- 
tions the  story  rivals  Rider  Haggard's  "  She." 

Illustrated.     Post  8vo.     Cloth,  $1.50. 

THE  INFIDEL  By  MISS  BRADDON 

Miss  Braddon's  popularity,  both  in  England  and  this  country,  is  so  widespread 
that  her  books  need  little  advertising.  "  The  Infidel "  is  a  tale  of  the  great 
Wesleyan  revivals  in  England.  Post  8vo.  Cloth,  $1.50. 

His  WISDOM  THE  DEFENDER  By  SIMON  NEWCOMB 

This  is  the  first  novel  by  a  writer  who  is  known  the  world  over  as  an  astrono- 
mer and  mathematician.  It  is  a  story  of  an  air-ship  and  its  inventor,  told 
with  wonderful  power  and  a  marvelous  technical  exactness.  Ready  October  2. 

Post  8vo.     Cloth,  $1.50. 

THE  SON  OF  CARLEVCROFT  <By  THEODORE  <BURT  SAYRE 

This  is  a  lively  romance  of  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  by  a  new  and  promising 
young  author.  The  style  is  clever,  and  the  situations  full  of  color  and  life 
and  sword-play.  A  dramatization  of  the  story  (copyright  performance)  has 
been  given  by  Charles  Frohman.  Ready  September  25. 

Post  8vo.     Cloth,  $1.50. 

HARPER  &   BROTHERS,  Franklin  Square,  New  York 


1900.]  THE    DIAL 


FALL  BOOKS  OF  PERMANENT  INTEREST 


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SQUARE         1  l/AlVt^t-ilV     *^      L>tVV7  1  I  ICilV^  NEW  YORK 


THE  RIDDLE  OF  THE  UNIVERSE       vy  Professor  ERNST  HA  ECKEL 

An  English  translation  of  Professor  Haeckel's  notable  work,  "  Die  Weltrath- 
sel."  Its  main  strength  lies  in  its  terse  and  telling  summary  of  the  scientific 
achievements  of  the  nineteenth  century  in  their  relation  to  the  "  Riddle  of 
the  Universe."  In  press.  Post  8vo.  Cloth. 

HYPNOTISM  IN  MENTAL  AND  MORAL  CULTURE 

By  JOHN  DUNCAN  QUACKENBOS,  M.  D. 

An  intensely  interesting  volume  on  the  use  of  hypnotism  as  a  curative  and 
reformatory  power.  The  author  is  a  New  York  physician  of  unquestioned 
standing.  16mo.  Cloth,  $1.25. 

CONVERSATIONS  WITH  PRINCE  BISMARCK 

By  HE1NR1CH  YON  POSCH1NGER 

An  important  collection  of  talks  with  the  great  minister,  reflecting  faithfully 
his  views  on  many  subjects,  and  his  ideas  both  in  serious  and  light  vein.  A 
book  which  gives  inside  information,  and  will  be  of  value  to  biographers. 
Edited  by  Sidney  Whitman.  Post  8vo.  Cloth,  $1.50. 

THE  PAGEANTRY  OF  LIFE.  By  CHARLES  WHIBLEY 

A  volume  of  unusually  agreeable  and  graphic  essays  by  an  accomplished 
English  writer,  whose  literary  style  is  suave  and  polished.  The  subjects 
covered  are  :  "  Young  Weston,"  "A  Marshal  of  France,"  "  Theagenes," 
"  The  Real  Pepys,"  "  Saint  Simon,"  "A  Friend  of  Kings,"  "  The  Caliph  of 
Fonthill,"  "  Barbey  D'Aurevilly,"  and  "  Disraeli  the  Younger." 

Ready  September  25.     Post  8vo.     Cloth,  ornamental,  $1.50. 

LUCID  INTERVALS  By  E.  s.  MARTIN 

A  collection  of  humorously  philosophical  essays  by  one  of  the  most  grace- 
ful of  our  younger  writers.  Mr.  Martin  is  the  author  of  "A  Little  Brother 
of  the  Rich,"  published  some  time  since,  and  is  the  writer  of  "  This  Busy 
World,"  in  HARPER'S  WEEKLY.  Ready  October  23.  Post  8vo.  Cloth,  $1.50. 

WOMEN  OF  THE   BIBLE  By  Yariom  Writers 

This  is  a  volume  of  essays  upon  "  Ruth,  the  Gleaner,"  u  Sarah,"  "  Mary 
Magdalen,"  "  The  Virgin  Mary,"  "  Miriam,"  etc.,  written  in  that  personal 
style  which  brings  the  subject  clearly  before  the  mind  of  the  reader,  and 
contributed  by  Dr.  Henry  van  Dyke,  Bishop  Potter,  Bishop  Doane,  His 
Eminence  Cardinal  Gibbons,  Prof.  R.  G.  Moulton,  Dr.  Newell  Dwight 
Hillis,  Gustav  Gottheil,  Dr.  Lyman  Abbott,  Rev.  John  W.  Chadwick, 
President  W.  H.  P.  Faunce,  Bishop  John  F.  Hurst,  and  Rev.  Edward  B. 
Coe.  With  drawings  by  F.  V.  Du  Mond,  and  others,  illuminated  title  page, 
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158 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


THE  BEST  FICTION 


QUISANTE. 


By  ANTHONY  HOPE. 

Author  of  "The  Prisoner  of  Zenda,"  etc. 

A  novel  now  first  issued  —  without  previous  serial  publi- 
cation. 

The  fortunes  of  Alexander  Quisant^  and  Lady  May  Gas- 
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THE  FOURTH  GENERATION. 

By  SIR  WALTER  BESANT. 

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The  motif  of  this,  a  romance  of  modern  days,  is  the  ap- 
parent injustice  in  the  visitation  of  the  father's  sins  upon  the 
children. 

The  book  is  based  on  a  theme  of  vital  importance  and  of  the 
most  solemn  significance  to  humanity,  and  the  developments  of 
the  story  should  not  fail  to  be  of  the  highest  interest  to  all 
thoughtful  readers. 

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THE 


BACILLUS  OF  BEAUTY. 

By  HARRIET  STARK. 

A  novel  with  a  fresh  and  unhackneyed  plot  and  treat- 
ment. It  is  like  nothing  else  ever  printed.  It  tells  the  story 
of  a  young  girl  from  the  West  who  is  made  the  subject  of  an 
experiment  by  a  Professor  in  Barnard  College,  which  trans- 
forms her  into  the  most  beautiful  woman  in  the  world. 

Beauty  proves  a  key  to  the  smart  world,  and  for  a  time  the 
houses  of  the  rich  are  as  familar  to  her  as  the  studios  and 
"rfens"  of  newspaper  "girl-bachelors  "  and  art  students  had 
been. 

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WOUNDS  IN  THE  RAIN. 

War  Stories  by  STEPHEN  CRANE. 

Author  of  "  The  Red  Badge  of  Courage,"  "  Active  Serv- 
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A  brilliant  and  thrilling  work  in  the  best  vein  of  one  who 
has  been  called  by  Robert  Barr,  "The  greatest  modern 
writer  on  war." 

The  book  has  added  interest  because  it  is  the  last  work  of 
the  late  Stephen  Crane,  with  the  exception  of  "  The  O' Ruddy," 
a  long  novel  to  be  published  next  year. 

Second  edition  of  this  book  was  printed  before  publication. 

12mo,  cloth $1.50 


THE   CASE  AND  EXCEPTIONS. 

By  FREDERICK  TREVOR  HILL. 

Stories  of  Counsel  and  Clients. 

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teresting to  the  many  thousands  of  members  of  the  bar 
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number  of  those  who  have  had  experience  as  litigants  or  as 
jurymen. 

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ROBERT  ORANGE. 

By  JOHN  OLIVER  HOBBES. 

Author  of  "  The  School  for  Saints,"  etc. 

"  This  new  novel  by  John  Oliver  Hobbes  is  a  triumph  of  in- 
tellectual creativeness,  and  it  has  held  me  captive  from  cover 
to  cover." — Clement  K.  Shorter,  in  "  The  Sphere." 

"  *  Robert  Orange '  is  a  sequel  to  '  The  School  for  Saints,' 
and  a  worthy  sequel;  but  it  may  be  read  very  well  as  a  single 
production,  and  so  read  it  will  produce  an  abiding  impression 
on  any  thoughtful  mind.  '  "Robert  Orange  '  is  an  eminently 
religious  book,  but  it  is  conspicuously  bright;  it  is  political,  but 
it  is  also  witty;  it  is  philosophical,  but  it  is  also  shrewd;  it  is 
an  artistic  collection  of  character  studies,  but  they  are  all  human 
and  nearly  all  of  individual  type;  but  it  has  action  also." — 
"Country  Life."  12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  $1.50. 


CONSEQUENCES. 

By  EGERTON  CASTLE. 

An  exciting  romance  by  the  author  of  "The  Light  of  Scar- 
they,"  etc.  Distinguished  by  verve,  by  close  and  wide  ob- 
servation of  the  ways  of  men,  by  touches  of  reflection  neither 
shallow  nor  charged  with  weightiness ;  and  in  many  ways, 
not  least  in  the  striking  end,  decidedly  original. 

12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  ornate $1.50 


IN  THE  MIDST  OF  ALARMS. 

By  ROBERT  BARR. 

Author  of  "  Tekla,"  "  The  Mutable  Many,"  etc. 
A  new  edition  of  this  popular  work,  from  entirely  new 
plates,  has  been  made  at  the  suggestion  of  some  of  Mr.  Barr's 
many  admirers.      Changes  and  corrections  have  been  made 
by  the  author.  With  new  illustrations  by  HARRISON  FISHER. 
12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top.   Beautifully  printed  and 
bound $1.50 


THE 


IMAGE  BREAKERS. 

By  GERTRUDE  DIX. 

A  realistic  novel,  devoted  to  a  study  of  modern  socialism. 
Miss  Dix  has  lived  in  socialistic  colonies  and  is  said  to  have 
experimented  with  most  of  the  communal  ideas  discussed  in 
this  work.  The  book,  in  consequence,  is  always  fresh  and 
interesting 

12mo,  cloth $1.50 

LOVE  AND  MR.   LEWISHAM. 

By  H.  G.  WELLS. 

Author  of  "  The  War  of  the  Worlds,"  etc. 

A  novel  by  this  well-known  author  in  an  entirely  new  field. 

A  subtle,  delicate,  and  dainty  story  dealing  with  the  pas- 
sion of  love. 

The  London  Morning  Post  speaks  of  it  as  "a  work  of 
genius,"  while  the  Daily  Telegraph  says  it  "  will  be  consid- 
ered by  many  the  most  fascinating  piece  of  work  that  Mr. 
Wells  has  done."  Literature  says:  "The  handful  of  vivid 
human  figures  belong  to  a  great  extent  to  the  world  of  South 
Kensington  students,  and  into  that  often  purposeless  and 
sordid  background  Mr.  Wells  weaves  the  poetry  of  life  and 
the  beauty  of  human  love." 

12mo,  cloth,  richly  bound $1.50 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS,   OR  SENT  POSTPAID. 

FREDERICK  A.  STOKES  COMPANY,  Publishers, 

5  &  7  East  Sixteenth  Street,  NEW  YORK. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


159 


LJENRY  T.  COATES  &  CO.  announce  the  following  47  titles  of 
new  books  and  new  editions,  all  added  to  their  list  the  present  season. 


AMERICA :    Descriptive  and    Picturesque. 

By  JOEL  COOK, 
Author  of  "England:    Picturesque  and  Descriptive,"  etc. 

Illustrated  with  75  Photogravure*  from  Original  Negatives. 

3  volumes,  crown  8vo,  cloth,  full  gilt,  gilt  top,  with  cloth 

jackets  and  in  a  cloth  box,  list  price    ....    $7.50 

Three-quarters  calf,  gilt  top 15.00 

Edition  de  Luxe,  limited  to  150  copies  .  .  .  net,  1500 
"  America:  Picturesque  and  Descriptive  "  presents  in  an  in- 
teresting form  such  a  knowledge  as  the  busy  reader  would  be  pleased  to 
have  in  one  comprehensive  view  of  the  history,  geography,  picturesque 
attractions,  productions,  peculiarities,  and  salient  features  of  this 
great  country,  not  only  as  a  work  of  reference  and  a  work  of  art,  but 
as  a  book  of  readable  interest  as  well.  Especial  care  has  been  taken 
with  the  photogravures  that  illustrate  it,  and  it  is  a  sumptuous  work 
of  art  as  well  as  an  entertaining  and  valuable  work  in  the  letter-press. 
Ready  in  September. 

PALESTINE  :     The  Holy  Land. 

By  JOHN  FULTON,  D.D. 

Crown  Svo,  cloth,  gilt,  gilt  top,  with  30  full-page  photo- 
gravures and  a  map.  List  price $3.00 

Full  polished  calf,  gilt  edges 7.00 

In  our  regular  PHOTOGRAVURE  SERIES,  uniform  with  Cook's 
"America,"  "England,"  etc.  It  will  fill  a  want  that  has  loi  g 
existed  for  a  readable  and  compact  as  well  as  a  comprehensive  volume 
upon  the  Holy  Land.  Dr.  Fulton's  reputation  as  a  Biblical  scholar 
ensures  the  value  of  the  book,  and  his  terse  and  attractive  writing 
makes  a  very  readable  book.  Ready  in  October. 

FAITHS    OF    FAMOUS    MEN. 

By  JOHN  KENYON  KILBOURN,  D.D. 

Large  crown  Svo,  cloth,  gilt  top.  List  price  .  .  .  £2.00 
This  important  work  comprises,  in  their  own  words,  the  religious 
views  of  the  most  distinguished  scientists,  statesmen,  philosophers, 
rulers,  authors,  generals,  business  men,  liberal  thinkers,  leaders  of 
religious  denominations,  etc.,  etc.  These  have  been  taken  from  pub- 
lished works,  from  letters,  and  in  some  few  instances  —  as  with 
Ex-President  Cleveland,  who  personally  wrote  what  he  wished  included ; 
or  the  Rev.  Dr.  Storrs,  who,  before  his  death,  selected  what  he  wished 
to  represent  him  —  the  selections  have  been  made  by  the  writers  them- 
selves. Ready  in  September. 

THE  WIERD  ORIENT.    Nine  Mystic  Tales. 

By  HENRY  ILIOWIZI,  Author  of  '•  In  the  Pale." 

Illustrated  with  a  photogravure  and  half-tones,  from 
drawings  by  W.  SHERMAN  POTTS  (Paris).  12mo,  dec- 
orative cloth.  List  price $1.50 

These  are  Eastern  tales,  gathered  by  the  author  during  a  lengthy 
residence  in  the  Orient,  and  contain  some  new  and  striking  legends 
that  have  never  before  found  their  way  into  print.  Among  them  is  a 
curious  and  very  ancient  version  of  the  legend  of  the  Wandering  Jew, 
that  will  be  entirely  new  to  the  reader,  although  some  slight  allusions 
to  it  are  to  be  found  in  the  Koran.  Ready  in  September. 

IN  THE  PALE.   Stories  of  Jewish  Life  in  Russia 

By  HENRY  ILIOWIZI. 

12mo,  cloth,  illustrated.    List  price £1.25 

"In  the  Pale"  was  originally  written  for  and  published  by  the 
Jewish  Publication  Society  of  America,  for  its  subscribers,  as  was  also 
Zang  will's  "Children  of  the  Ghetto." 

This  is  a  new  and  enlarged  edition,  with  additional  matter  and  illus- 
trations. The  book  will  be  entirely  new  to  the  reading  public,  having 
been  heretofore  only  circulated  among  the  subscribers  to  the  Jewish 
Publication  Society.  Those  who  admire  Mr.  Zangwill's  stories,  will 
also  find  an  interest  in  these  works  by  another  talented  Hebrew. 
Ready  in  October. 

JED,   THE   POORHOUSE   BOY. 

By  HORATIO  ALQER.  Jr. 

12mo,  cloth,  extra,  illustrated.     List  price    .    .    .    $1.00 
This  is  in  Alger's  best  style.    Now  ready. 

CARL,   THE  TRAILER. 

By  HARRY  CASTLEMON. 

12mo,  cloth,  extra,  illustrated.    List  price    .    .    .    $1.00 
A  tale  of  the  Plains,  including  a  graphic  account  of  the  Indian 
"ghost  dance,"  and  the  stirring  events  to  which  it  gave  rise.    Now 
ready. 

BLAZING   ARROW. 

By  EDWARD  S.  ELLIS. 

12mo,  cloth,  extra,  illustrated.     List  price    .    .     .     $1.00 
A  tale  of  the  early  history  of  the  Middle  West.    Now  ready. 


Among  the  96  books  added  this  season  to  the 
"  NEW  ALTA"  Library  the  following  25  are 
entirely  new  publications  with  us,  never  having 
been  upon  our  list  until  now: 

STORY  OF  AN  AFRICAN  FARM.    By  Olive  Schreiner. 

AULD  LIGHT  IDYLLS.     By  J.  M.  Barrie. 

AUTOCRAT  OF  THE  BREAKFAST  TABLE.    By  Oliver 

Wendell  Holmes. 

BION  THE  WANDERER.    By  Sylvanas  Cobb,  Jr. 
KARMEL  THE  SCOUT.     By  Sylvanus  Cobb,  Jr. 
ORION  THE  GOLD  BEATER.    By  Sylvanus  Cobb,  Jr. 
PAINTER  OF  PARMA.     By  Sylvanus  Cobb,  Jr. 
SMUGGLERS  OF  KING  COVE.    By  Sylvanus  Cobb,  Jr. 
CALIFORNIA  AND  OREGON  TRAIL.  By  Francis  Parkman. 
ENGLISH  ORPHANS.    By  Mary  J.  Holmes. 
HOMESTEAD  ON  THE  HILLSIDE.    By  Mary  J.  Holmes. 
LENA  RIVERS.    By  Mary  J.  Holmes. 
TEMPEST  AND  SUNSHINE.    By  Mary  J.  Holmes. 
PRACTICAL  HORSE-KEEPER.  By  Qeo.  Fleming,  F.C.V.S. 
MY  LADY  NICOTINE.    By  J.  M.  Barrie. 
LAST  OF  THE  BARONS.    By  Bulwer. 
MAKERS  OF  FLORENCE.    By  Mrs.  Oliphant. 
MAKERS  OF  VENICE.    By  Mrs.  Oliphant. 
MORGAN'S  HORROR.    By  Q.  Manville  Fenn. 
WITNESS  TO  THE  DEED.    By  Q.  Manville  Fenn. 
MOTHER  OF  A  MARQUISE.    By  Edmond  About. 
ODD  COUPLE.    By  Mrs.  Oliphant. 
PHANTOM  CITY.    By  William  Westall. 
A  QUEER  RACE.    By  William  Westall. 
WILLIAM  OF  GERMANY.    By  Archibald  Forbes. 

NEW  ALTA  LIBRARY.     256  Volumes. 

12mo,  Cloth,  Gilt  Top. 
List  Price,  Per  Volume,  75  Cents. 


In  the  "ROUNDABOUT"  Library  of  Books 
for  Boys  and  Girls  the  following  14  are  new 
publications  with  us  this  season  : 

DICCON  THE  BOLD.    By  John  Russell  Coryell. 

BONNIE  PRINCE  CHARLIE.    By  Q.  A.  Henty. 

BY  ENGLAND'S  AID.    By  Q.  A.  Henty. 

BY  PIKE  AND  DYKE.    By  Q.  A.  Henty. 

BY  RIGHT  OF  CONQUEST.    By  Q.  A.  Henty. 

THE  DRAGON  AND  THE  RAVEN.    By  Q.  A.  Henty. 

IN  FREEDOM'S  CAUSE.    By  G.  A.  Henty. 

IN  THE  REIGN  OF  TERROR.    By  G.  A.  Henty. 

THE  LION  OF  THE  NORTH.    By  G.  A.  Henty. 

ORANGE  AND  GREEN.    By  G.  A.  Henty. 

TRUE  TO  THE  OLD  FLAG.    By  G.  A.  Henty. 

WITH  CL1VE  IN  INDIA.    By  G.  A.  Henty. 

WITH  WOLF  IN  CANADA.    By  G.  A.  Henty. 

ROUNDABOUT  LIBRARY.    97  Volumes. 

Cloth,  Gilt  Ornamental,  Illustrative 
Lining. 

List  Price,  Per  Volume,  75  Cents. 


HENRY  T.  COATES  &  CO.,  Publishers,  Philadelphia. 


160  THE    DIAL  [Sept.  16, 


SOME  EARLY  FALL  FICTION 

The  Archbishop  and  the  Lady 

By  Mrs.  SCHUYLER  CROWNINSHIELD 

d  NOVEL  of  modern  society,  written  by  a  master  hand  in  depicting  social  romance 

Cloth,  12mo,  5^x7$,  $1.50. 

April's  Sowing  ey  GERTRUDE  HALL 

d  YOUNG  love  story  tuned  to  a  note  of  light  comedy.     Miss  Hall  is  known  as  a  poet 
and  a  teller  of  tales.     She  now  reveals  new  gifts. 

Illustrated.     Cloth,  ISmo,  5J  x  7|,  $1.50. 

The   DarlingtonS  By  ELMORE  ELLIOTT  PEAKE 

/]  NOVEL  of   the  Middle  West,  dealing  with  the  fortunes  of  a  typical  well-to-do 

C/^    familv 

Cloth,  12mo,  5$x7%,$1.50. 

An    Eagle   Flight  By  Dr.  JOSE  RIZAL 

'T'HE  best  book  by  the  best  Filipino  writer.      Dr.  Rizal  achieved  real  distinction  in 
literature  before  his  tragic  death  at  the  hands  of  the  Spaniards. 
Cloth,  12mo,  5\x7l,  $1.25. 

The   Fugitives  By  MORLEY  ROBERTS 

/]  STORY  of  love  and  adventure  in  the  South  African  war.     Mr.  Roberts  's  latest  and 

best  book. 

Cloth,  ISmo,  5\x7\,  $1.00. 

The  Circular  Study  By  ANNA  KATHERINE  GREEN 

A  POWERFUL  mystery  story  of  New  York  City.      The  author  "has  elevated  the 
detective  story  to  a  higher  plane  than  any  other  contemporary  writer." 
Cloth,  ISmo,  51x7$,  $125. 

The  Soul   Of  the  Street  By  NORMAN  DUNCAN 

C  TORIES  of  the  Syrian  quarter  in  New  York  City,  which  show  the  East  and  the  West 
in  a  new  phase. 


Yankee   Enchantments  By  CHARLES  BATTEL  LOOMIS 

(~)UAINT  stories,  Yankee    in   setting,  but   as   fanciful  as   anything   by  Andersen   or 
*s»-'Grimm.     Forty  Illustrations  by  F.  Y.  Cory. 

Cloth,  12mo,  5\x7l,  $1.25. 

The  Jumping  Kangaroo  and  the  Apple=Butter  Cat 

By  JOHN  W.  HARRINGTON 

A  BOOK  of  animal  stories  for  children  of  all  ages.      With  fy8  illustrations  by  J.  W. 

o0f  7  x  9^  $100f 


A  NOTABLE  VOLUME  OF  HISTORICAL  TALES 

American  Fights  and  Fighters  By  Rev.  CYRUS  T.  BRADY 

A  SERIES  of  stories  based  on  the  early  naval  fights  of  our  country.     History  pos- 
sesses the  romantic  interest  of  fiction  when  presented  by  Mr.  Brady. 
Illustrated.     Cloth,  5|  x  Sf,  $1.50. 

McCLURE,  PHILLIPS  &  CO.,  141-155  East  25th  St.,  New  York 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


161 


The  Spiritual  Significance.  By  LILIAN  WHITING,  author  of  "The  World  Beautiful,"  in 
three  volumes,  First,  Second,  and  Third  Series  ;  "  After  Her  Death,"  "  Kate  Field,  A  Record,"  etc.  16  mo, 
cloth,  $1.00;  decorated  cloth,  $1.25. 


In   and   Around   the   Grand   Canyon 

plates  and  70  illustrations  in  the  text,  8vo,  $3.00. 

Shadowings.  By  LAFCADIO  HEARN,  author  of 
"  Exotics  and  Retrospectives,"  "  In  Ghostly  Japan," 
etc.  Illustrated,  12mo,  $2.00.  Mr.  HEARN'S  new 
volume  on  Japan  consists  of  Stories  from  Strange 
Books,  Japanese  Studies,  and  Fantasies. 


By  GEORGE  WHARTON  JAMES.     With  30  full-page 

The  Hidden  Servants.  Old  Stories  told  again  by 
FRANCESCA  ALEXANDER,  author  of  "  The  Story  of 
Ida,"  "Road-Side  Songs  of  Tuscany,"  etc.  With 
photogravure  frontispiece  by  the  author,  and  an  in- 
troduction by  ANNA  FULLER.  12mo,  $1.50. 

A  New  Illustrated  Edition  of  HELEN  JACKSON'S  Famous  Romance  of  Southern  California.  With 
an  introduction  by  SARAH  C.  WOOLSEY  (Susan  Coolidge).  Illustrated  with  numerous  photogravure  plates 
and  chapter  headings  from  pictures  by  HENRY  SANDHAM.  2  vols.,  medium  8vo,  cloth  wrappers,  cloth 
box,  with  cover  designs  by  AMY  M.  SACKER,  $6.00;  three-quarters  crushed  Levant,  gilt  top,  $12.00. 


Falaise,   the   Town   of  the   Conqueror.     By 

ANNA  BOWMAN  DODD,  author  of  "  Three  Normandy 
Inns,"  "  Cathedral  Days,"  etc.  With  numerous  illus- 
trations. Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 


The  Pilgrim  Shore.  By  EDMUND  H.  GARRETT. 
With  colored  frontispiece  and  many  little  picturing* 
by  the  author.  Uniform  with  "  Romance  and  Reality 
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morocco,  gilt  edge,  $4.50. 
TWO  IMPORTANT  BIOGRAPHIES. 


James  Martineau.   A  Study  and  a  Biography.    By 
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A    Life   of  Francis    Parkman.     By    CHARLES 
HAIGHT  FARNHAM.     With  portraits,  8vo,  $2.50. 


George  Eliot's  Works.  New  Foleshill  Edition,  in  clear  and  legible  type,  with  a  Life  of  Gebrge 
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$18.00;  half  crushed  morocco,  gilt  top,  $39.00. 

The  Rubaiyat  of  Omar  Khayyam.  Comprising 
the  Translations  by  EDWARD  FITZGERALD  and  E.  H. 
WHINFIELD  and  JUSTIN  HUNTLY  MCCARTHY.  With 
an  Appendix  showing  variations  in  Fitzgerald's  ren- 
derings. Edited,  with  an  introduction,  by  JESSIE  B. 

RlTTENHOUSE.       12lUO,    $2.00. 

Twelve    Great    Artists.     By    WILLIAM    HOWE 

DOWNES,  Art  Critic  of  the  Boston  Transcript.    16mo, 

$1.00. 
Chess  Strategetics  Illustrated.   Military 


Art 

and  Science  adapted  to  the  Chessboard.  By  FRANKLIN 
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Tactics  of  Chess,"  etc.  Positions  and  Examples  from 
Morphy's  Games.  8vo,  $2.50. 

The  Bible  for  Learners.  Sunday  School  Edition. 
By  Dr.  H.  OORT,  Professor  of  Oriental  Languages  at 
Amsterdam,  and  Dr.  I.  HOOYKAAS,  Pastor  at  Rot- 
terdam, with  the  assistance  of  Dr.  A.  KUENEN,  Pro- 
fessor of  Theology  at  Leiden.  Translated  from  the 
Dutch  by  Rev.  P.  H.  WICKSTEED,  of  London.  With 
index  and  maps. 
THE  OLD  TESTAMENT  FOR  LEARNERS. 

Crown  8vo,  $1.50. 
THE   NEW   TESTAMENT  FOR  LEARNERS. 

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Power  Through  Repose.  New  Edition.  By 
ANNIE  PAYSON  CALL,  author  of  "  As  a  Matter  of 
Course,"  etc.  With  three  additional  chapters. 
16mo,  $1.00. 


Parkman 's  Oregon  Trail.    Remington  Edition. 

With   75  illustrations   by   FREDERIC  REMINGTON; 

also  a  new  introductory  preface.    Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 
As  It  Is  to  Be.    By  CORA  LINN  DANIELS.     New 

Edition.     18mo,  $1.00.     (Sixth  Thousand.) 

I   Go    A -Marketing.     By    HENRIETTA    SOWLE 
("  Henriette  ").     12mo,  $1.50. 


NEW  FICTION. 

Truth  Dexter.  A  Romance  of  North  and  South. 
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The  Head  of  a  Hundred  in  the  Colony  of 
Virginia,  1622.  By  MAUD  WILDER  GOODWIN, 
author  of  "White  Aprons,"  "Flint,"  etc.  New 
Edition.  With  a  colored  frontispiece,  and  full-page 
pictures  by  JESSIE  WILLCOX  SMITH  and  other  art- 
ists. 12mo,  $1.50. 

Sigurd  Eckdal's  Bride.  A  Romance  of  the 
North.  By  RICHARD  Voss.  Translated  by  MARY  J. 
SAFFORD.  Illustrated,  12mo,  $1.50. 

The  Judgment  of  Peter  and  Paul  on 
Olympus.  A  Poem  in  Prose,  to  which  is  added 
"Be  thou  Blessed."  By  HENRYK  SIENKIEWICZ, 
author  of  "Quo  Vadis,"  "The  Knights  of  the 
Cross,"  etc.  Authorized  translation  from  the 
Polish  by  JEREMIAH  CURTIN.  Illustrated  and 
printed  in  purple  ink,  with  ornamental  borders. 
Small  4to,  75  cts. 


LIST  OF  ANNOUNCEMENTS  SENT  ON   APPLICATION. 

Little,  TBroton,  &  Co*,  pu&Iis&erg,  254  fccaais&inffton  Street,  I5o0ton 


162 


THE    DIAL, 


[Sept.  16, 


Writings  of  Cfjomas  Wenttoort!) 

Large-Paper  Edition. 
This  edition  of  Colonel  Higginson's  delightful  works  comprises  seven  handsome  volumes : 

1.  CHEERFUL  YESTERDAYS.  4.  WOMEN  AND  THE  ALPHABET. 

2.  CONTEMPORARIES.  5.  STUDIES  IN  ROMANCE. 

3.  ARMY  LIFE  IN  A  BLACK  REGIMENT.  6.  OUTDOOR  STUDIES  AND  POEMS. 

7.  STUDIES  IN  HISTORY  AND  LETTERS. 

These  volumes  form  a  valuable  and  delightful  portion  of  American  literature.  This  Large- 
Paper  Edition  is  limited  to  200  sets,  brought  out  in  the  best  style  of  the  Riverside 
Press,  printed  on  antique  laid  paper,  bound  in  gray  boards,  with  paper  label.  It  has 
three  fine  Portraits.  Price,  $21.00,  net. 


American  anthology    17874899 

Selections  illustrating  the  Editor's  Critical  Review  of  American  Poetry  in  the  19th  Century. 

By  EDMUND  CLARENCE  STEDMAN.    With  a  frontispiece.    950  pages.    1  vol.,  large  crown 

8vo,  gilt  top,  $3.00. 
Large-Paper  Edition,  limited  to  300  copies,  produced  in  the  best  style  of  the  Riverside  Press. 

2  vols.     8vo.     Vol.  I.  with  a  photogravure  of  a  group  of  eminent  American  poets ;  Vol. 

II.  with  a  photogravure  portrait  of  Mr.  Stedman.     Price,  $10.00,  net. 

This  companion  volume  to  "  A  Victorian  Anthology  "  has  been  eagerly  awaited  since  the  appearance  of  the 
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A  full  introduction  includes  a  survey  of  American  poetry  to  the  end  of  the  century. 


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Black  (Koton. 

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By  OLIVE  GARNETT.  Crown  8vo,  $1.50. 
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THE    DIAL 


163 


JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS 

Who  bos  already  created  one  of  the  few  imperishable  figures  in  American 
literature — "Uncle  !{emw,"— gives  us  another  irresistible  character  in  bis 

new  book,  "ON   THE  WING  OF  OCCASIONS."     Here  is  the 

way  the  old  Georgia  countryman,  Mr.  Bitty  Sanders,  greets  President  Lincoln, 


whom  he  has  come  to  kidnap: 

"  Well,  Mr.  President,  I  jest  come  on  my 
own  hook,  as  the  little  boy  said  about  the  cow 
in  the  garden,"  Mr.  Sanders  hastened  to 
say. 

"  Take  seats,  all  of  you,"  remarked  Mr. 
Lincoln,  cordially.  Then  he  turned  to  Mr. 
Sanders,  "  What  about  the  little  boy  and  the 
cow  ? " 

u  Why,  one  Sunday  a  little  boy  was  set  to 
mind  a  gap  in  the  gyarden  fence.  A  panel  had 
blown  down  in  the  night,  and  it  couldn't  be 
mended  on  account  of  Sunday.  So  the  little 
boy  was  set  to  mind  it.  When  the  folks  got 
home  from  church  the  cow  was  in  the  gyarden, 
and  the  little  boy  was  settin'  on  the  door-steps 
snifflin'.  His  mammy  says,  c  Why,  honey, 
what  in  the  world  is  the  matter  ?  The  gyarden 
is  ruined.  How  did  the  cow  git  in  ? '  l  She 
run  her  horns  under  my  jacket  an'  flung  me  a 


somerset,'  says  the  little  boy.  '  I  see,'  says 
his  daddy,  4  she  got  in  on  her  own  hook.' 
The  daddy  thought  he  had  got  off  a  good  joke, 
but  nobody  seed  the  two  p'ints,  an'  this  made 
him  so  mad  that  he  went  into  the  house  an' 
loaded  his  gun  wi'  a  piece  of  fat  bacon,  an' 
fired  it  right  at  the  cow's  hindquarters.  She 
curled  her  tail  an'  run  off  smokin'.  They  say 
you  could  smell  fried  meat  in  that  neighbor- 
hood for  the  longest." 

Mr.  Lincoln  clasped  his  hands  behind  his 
head,  and  laughed  a  hearty,  contented  laugh. 

Mr.  Awtry  regarded  Mr.  Sanders  with  a 
puzzled  expression.  "  Did  you  say  the  joke 
had  two  points  ?  "  he  asked. 

"  Why,  certain  an'  shore,"  responded  Mr. 
Sanders,  with  alacrity.  "  You've  seed  cows, 
maybe,  wi'  no  horns,  but  you  never  seed  one 
made  like  a  rhinossyhoss." 


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162 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


A  History  of  Banking 

IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

By  the  late  JOHN  JAY  KNOX, 

For  seventeen  years  Deputy  Comptroller  and  Comptroller  of 

the  Currency. 

Assisted  by  a  corps  of  financial  writers  in  the  various  States : 

the  whole  work  thoroughly  revised  and  brought  up 

to  date  by  Bradford  Rhodes,  Editor  of 

THE  BANKERS'  MAGAZINE. 


The  work  of  Mr.  Knox,  and  those  who  have  collaborated 
with  him  in  the  preparation  of  this  volume,  has  made  it  pos- 
sible to  publish  for  the  first  time  a  full  and  trustworthy  his- 
tory of  banking  in  the  United  States  from  the  time  of  the 
first  bank  to  the  adoption  of  the  Gold-Standard  law  of  March 
14,  1900,  giving  the  provisions  of  this  important  act.  It  is 
divided  into  two  parts  —  the  history  of  institutions  operating 
under  Federal  charters,  and  those  organized  under  State 
authority.  As  a  history  of  State  banking  systems  alone,  the 
work  is  invaluable  to  every  student  of  American  finance. 


OUTLINE  OF  CONTENTS. 

COLONIAL  BANKING.— Description  of  the  first  banks  organized  in 
the  United  States ;  experience  with  Continental  money  and  land 
banks. 

BANKS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.— Full  history  of  the  first  and 
second  banks  of  the  United  States. 

SUFFOLK  BANKING  SYSTEM.— Plan  adopted  by  the  Boston  and 
New  England  banks  for  keeping  their  notes  redeemable  in  specie. 

THE  INDEPENDENT  TREASURY  .-Government  deposits  with- 
drawn from  banks  and  placed  in  custody  of  the  Treasury. 

NATIONAL  BANKING  SYSTEM.— Origin  of  the  system,  with  full 
description  of  its  principles  and  progress  until  the  present  time  ; 
with  comparative  statistics. 

LEGAL-TENDER  NOTES.— Historical  narrative  showing  the  origin 
and  evolution  of  the  Government  paper  money.  Material  largely 
furnished  by  the  author  of  the  original  act. 

LOANS  AND  FUNDING  OPERATIONS.— Describes  the  great  fiscal 
operations  of  the  Civil  War. 

RESUMPTION  OF  SPECIE  PAYMENTS.— Details  of  the  methods 
employed  to  restore  the  currency  to  the  specie  level. 

STATE  BANKING  HISTORY.— Complete  banking  history  of  all  the 
States,  prepared  by  expert  local  writers,  and  forming  a  fund  of 
information  relating  to  State  banking  history  to  be  found  nowhere 
else.  Experience  of  the  United  States  with  State  banks  as  issuers 
of  circulating  notes,  "Wild-Cat"  banks,  and  those  that  were  pru- 
dently managed. 

GOVERNMENT  DEPOSITS  IN  STATE  BANKS.— How  Jackson's 
Specie  Circular  hastened  the  suspension  of  the  State  banks  in  1837. 

SAVINGS  BANKS  AND  TRUST  COMPANIES.— History  of  their 
progress,  with  an  analysis  of  the  principles  governing  their  organi- 
zation and  management. 

GENERAL  BANKING  AND  FINANCE.— History  of  events  collat- 
erally related  to  the  banking  and  financial  development  of  the 
country. 

BANKING  LEGISLATION.— Comprehensive  review  of  legislation 
affecting  National  and  State  banks,  and  description  of  granting  of 
bank  charters  as  political  favors. 

STATISTICS  OF  BANKS.— The  most  complete  and  comprehensive 
statistics  of  all  classes  of  banks  ever  compiled. 

POLITICAL  ANTAGONISM  TO  BANKS.-Origin  of  the  prejudices 
against  banks  and  how  they  have  been  fostered  for  political  pur- 
poses. 

THE  CLEARING-HOUSE.— Description  of  this  important  organiza- 
tion for  effecting  exchanges  and  economizing  the  use  of  money. 

CURRENCY  DELUSIONS.— Historical  examples  of  popular  delu- 
sions about  currency  and  banks,  experiments  with  land  currency, 
fiat  money,  etc. 

PORTRAITS  AND  SKETCHES  OF  NOTED  FINANCIERS.— 
Steel-plate  portraits  and  biographical  sketches  of  Robert  Morris, 
Alexander  Hamilton,  Albert  Gallatin,  Nicholas  Biddle,  Stephen 
Girard,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Elbridge  G.  Spaulding,  John  Sherman, 
and  Hugh  McCulloch ;  showing  their  connection  with  the  country's 
financial  history. 

Printed  from  new  type  on  good  paper  ;  uncut  edges  and  gilt 
top  ;  substantially  bound  in  cloth  with  leather  back.  Con- 
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illustrations. 

Price  per  copy,  $5.00. 


BRADFORD  RHODES  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

87  MAIDEN  LANE,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


The  Clarendon  Press. 


Paris  Exposition  1900. 

Higher  Educational  Works  .  Grand  Prix 

Bookbinding Grand  Prix 

Oxford  India  Paper  ....  Grand  Prix 


JUST  PUBLISHED. 

Ninth  Edition  of 
THE 

Elements  of  Jurisprudence. 

BY 

THOMAS  ERSKINE  HOLLAND,  D.C.L. 

8vo,  Cloth,  $2.50. 

"  <A  book  which  may  fairly  be  regarded  as 
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ALBANY  LAW  JOURNAL. 

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ICAN LAW  REVIEW. 

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a  law  student  than  that  of  making  a  comparison 
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so  well  the  purposes  they  are  intended  to  serve." 
— CANADA  LAW  JOURNAL. 


Also  Published  by  Henry  Frowde 

EARLY  BABYLONIAN  HISTORY, 

Down  to  the  end  of  the  fourth  dynasty  of  Ur,  to 
which  is  appended  an  account  of  the  E.  e/7. 
Hoffman  collection  of  Babylonian  Tablets  in 
the  General  Theological  Seminary,  New  York, 
U.S.t/1.  'By  Rev.  HUGO  RADAN,  A.  M., 
B.D.,  Ph.D.  {Mayo  Fellow  in  the  General 
Theological  Seminary.  Small  4to, cloth,  $5.00. 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS. 
Send  for  Catalogue. 

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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


163 


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THE   ETIQUETTE  OF  CORRESPONDENCE. 

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Miss  Gavit,  Teacher  of  English  Literature  and  English  at  Miss  Ely's  School,  has  written  a 
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Words  That  Burn 

A  20th  Century  Novel. 

By  LIDA  BRIGGS   BROWNE. 

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Dealers  can  sell  for  less.     Copyrighted  1900. 

This  story  has  over  twenty  prominent  characters,  and  the 
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164 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


A  Select  List  of  New  Books  Illustrated  with  Photogravures 


2DID  Couraine 

"THE  Life  and  History  of  the  Famous  Chateau  of 
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A 


JLotie  Letters  of  a  Violinist 

ND  other  poems  by  Eric  Mackay,  author  of  "  A 
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A    COLLECTION  of  world-famous  classics  in  dainty 

**•    binding.    Photogravure  frontispiece.     Small  12mo, 

Venetian  morocco,  limp,  gilt  top,  per  vol.  in  box  .  $1.00 

Complete  set  in  handsome  box     .....  $7.00 

TITLES. 

RASSKLAS.     By  Samuel  Johnson,  LL.D. 
RELIGIO  MEDICI,  ETC.     By  Sir  Thomas  Browne. 
THE  STORY  OF  THE  CHEVALIER  BAYARD.     By  Edith 

Walford. 
VATHEK  :    An  Eastern  Romance.     By  William 

Beckford. 

ABDALLAH  AND  THE  FOUR-LEAVED  SHAMROCK. 
PARABLES  FROM  NATURE.    By  Mrs.  Gatty.    2  vols. 


COMPLETE  CATALOGUE  ON  APPLICATION. 

Published  by  James  Pott  &  Company,  119=121  West  23d  Street,  New  York  City. 


China's 
Open   Door. 

An  Historical  Sketch  by 

Consul  General  WILDMAN 

OF  HONG   KONG, 

With  an  Introduction  by  Hon.  CHARLES 

DENBY,  Former  United  States 

Minister  to  China. 

"  One  of  the  most  valuable  works  on 
China  and  the  Chinese  that  has  been 
published  within  the  last  decade." — 
Brooklyn  Eagle. 

"  Gives  a  comprehensive,  and  an  hon- 
est and  healthful,  glance  at  the  whole 
history  of  China."  —  JOSEPH  EDGAR 
CHAMBERLAIN  in  Boston  Transcript. 

"  Consul  General  Wildman  has  writ- 
ten a  book  which  is  a  delight  to  read. 
The  book  can  be  freely  recommended." 
—  Chicago  Tribune. 

"  The  volume  is  beyond  doubt  one  of 
the  most  important  yet  printed  concern- 
ing China." — North  American. 

Emblematic   Cover,  12mo,   Illustrated. 
Price,  $1.50. 


Three  Notable  Books !    This  Summer's  Leaders  I 


Eben  Holden 


Concerning  Cats 


By  IRVING  BACHELLER, 
the  noted  newspaper  man. 
An  American  novel  of  human  interest,  humor,  characteriza- 
tion and  incident,  with  wit  and  strength  combined.  It  is  a 
'clever  story  with  tender  and  well-sustained  love-making.  A  story 
to  rest  a  brain- weary  man,  or  to  give  a  bright  woman  something 
to  talk  about. 

By  HELEN  M.WINS- 
LOW,  the  editor  of 
«  The  Club  Woman" 
Cat  lovers  have  long  wanted  just  such  a  book.  It  has  32  full- 
page  cat  illustrations,  cat  stories,  cat  remedies,  famous  cats  and 
cats  of  famous  people,  pet  cats,  cat  lore,  everything  pertaining  to 
cats.  A  book  for  a  gift,  for  the  house,  or  for  a  summer's  outing. 

The  Story  of  the  Nineteenth  Century 

By  ELBRIDGE  S.  BROOKS,  the  author  of  "  The  True  Story  "  series. 
This  is  the  book  one  paper  called  "  absorbing  and  dramatic,"  and 
another  "  a  highly  illuminating  sketch."  Interesting  as  a  novel 
though  it  is,  it  is  also  concise,  accurate,  and  a  valuable  synopsis 
of  the  century  Napoleon  began  and  Edison  ended. 

These  books  each  $1.50,  at  all  book  stores. 


LOTHROP  PUBLISHING  COMPANY, 


BOSTON,   MASS. 


1900.] 


165 


MESSRS.  D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY'S 

NEW  EDUCATIONAL  BOOKS 


TWENTIETH   CENTURY   TEXT=BOOKS 


NOW  HEADY. 

PLANT  RELATIONS. 

A  First  Book  of  Botany.  By  JOHN  MERLE  COULTER, 
A.M.,  Ph.D.,  Head  of  Department  of  Botany,  University 
of  Chicago.  12mo.  Cloth,  $1.10. 

PLANT  STRUCTURES. 

A  Second  Book  of  Botany.  By  JOHN  MERLE  COULTER, 
A.M.,  Ph.D.  12mo.  Cloth,  $1.20. 

PLANTS. 

A  Text-Book  of  Botany.  By  JOHN  MERLE  COULTER, 
A.M.,  Ph.D.  12mo.  Cloth,  $1.80. 

PLANT  STUDIES. 

An  Elementary  Botany.  By  JOHN  MERLE  COULTER, 
A.M.,  Ph.D.,  Head  of  Department  of  Botany,  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago.  12mo.  Cloth,  $1.25. 

This  volume  comprises  portions  of  each,  "  Plant  Relations  " 
and  "  Plant  Structures,"  with  some  new  matter  to  meet  the  de- 
mand of  certain  schools  that  do  not  yet  give  time  enough  to  the 
subject  to  complete  the  two  books. 

ANIMAL  LIFE. 

A  First  Book  of  Zoology.  By  DAVID  STARR  JORDAN, 
M.S.,  M.D.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  Leland  Stan- 
ford Junior  University,  and  VERNON  L.  KELLOGG,  M.S., 
Professor  in  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University.  12mo. 
Cloth,  $1.20. 

Not  a  book  for  learning  the  classification  and  names  of  animals, 
but  to  show  the  relations  of  animals  to  their  surroundings,  to  one 
another,  and  to  the  human  race.  Designed  for  one  half  year's  work. 

A  HISTORY  OF  THE  AMERICAN  NATION. 

By  ANDREW  C.  MCLAUGHLIN,  A.M.,  LL.B.,  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan.  12mo.  Cloth,  $1.40. 

ENGLISH  TEXTS. 

12mo.    Cloth,  50  cents ;   boards,  40  cents. 

DRYDEN'S  PALAMON  AND  ARCITE. 

Edited  by  GEORGE  M.  MARSHALL,  Ph.B.,  University  of  Utah. 

SHAKSPERE'S  MACBETH. 

Edited  by  RICHARD  JONES,  Ph.D.,  Vanderbilt  University. 

THE  SIR  ROGER  DE  COVERLEY  PAPERS. 

Edited  by  FRANKLIN  T.  BAKER,  A.M.,  Columbia  University, 
and  RICHARD  JONES,  Ph.D. 

SELECTIONS  FROM  MILTON'S  SHORTER  POEMS. 

Edited  by  FREDERIC  D.  NICHOLS,  University  of  Chicago. 
MACAULAY'S  ESSAYS  ON  MILTON  AND  ADDISON. 

Edited  by  GEORGE  B.  AITON,  A.M.,  State  Supervisor  of  High 
Schools,  Minnesota. 

BURKE'S  SPEECH  ON  CONCILIATION  WITH  AMERICA. 

Edited  by  WILLIAM  I.  C  B  ANB,  Steele  High  School,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
COLERIDGE'S  RIME  OP  THE  ANCIENT  MARINER. 

Edited  by  PKLHAM  EDGAR,  B.A.,  Ph.D.,  Victoria  College. 
GEORGE  ELIOT'S  SILAS  MARNER. 

Edited  by  J.  ROSB  COLBY,  Ph.D.,  Illinois  State  Normal  Uni- 
versity, and  RICHARD  JONES,  Ph.D.  Cloth,  60  cents; 
boards,  45  cents. 


NEARLY  READY. 

ELEMENTS  OF  PHYSICS. 

By  C.  HANFORD  HENDERSON,  Ph.D.,  Principal  of  Pratt 
High  School,  Brooklyn,  and  JOHN  F.  WOODHULL,  A.M., 
Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Physical  Science  in  Teachers'  Col- 
lege, Columbia  University.  12mo.  Cloth,  $1.20. 

Designed  for  one  year's  course,  for  class-room  work  in  High 
Schools.  Accurate,  up-to-date  and  interestingly  written. 

PHYSICAL  EXPERIMENTS. 

A  Laboratory  Manual.  By  JOHN  F.  WOODHULL,  Ph.D., 
and  M.  B.  VAN  ARSDALE,  Instructor  in  Physical  Science 
in  Horace  Mann  School  and  Assistant  in  Teachers'  Col- 
lege. 

For  use  with  the  text-book  in  laboratory  work.  To  facilitate . 
this,  each  alternate  page  is  blank  for  the  student's  notes. 

A  TEXT  BOOK  OF  GEOLOGY. 

By  ALBERT  PERRY  BRIGHAM,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Geo- 
logy in  Colgate  University.  12mo.  Cloth. 

In  this  work  the  latest  phases  of  the  subject  are  presented  in 
a  strictly  educational  light,  leading  the  student  by  observational 
methods  to  acquire  his  knowledge,  as  far  as  practicable,  through 
original  research  and  independent  thought. 

AN  ANALYTICAL  KEY  TO  SOME  OF  THE 
COMMON  WILD  AND  CULTIVATED 
SPECIES  OF  FLOWERING  PLANTS. 

By  JoHNM.  COULTER,  A.M.,  Ph.D.  12mo.  Limp  Cloth. 
A  valuable  analytical  key  and  guide  to  the  common  flora  of 
the  Northern  and  Eastern  States. 

THE  ELEMENTARY  PRINCIPLES  OF  CHEM- 
ISTRY. 

By  ABRAM  VAN  EPS  YOUNG,  Ph.  B.,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  Northwestern  University,  Evanston,  111. 
12mo.  Cloth. 

A  succinct  and  practical  treatise  in  two  parts  for  the  laboratory 
and  classroom.  Part  I.  gives  the  theoretical  and  Part  II.  the  ex- 
perimental section  of  the  work.  It  presents  the  study  in  the 
light  of  recent  investigations  and  experience  in  teaching  the 
science  of  chemistry. 

A  GERMAN  READER. 

By  H.  P.  JONES,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  the  German  lan- 
guage in  Hobart  College.  12mo.  Cloth. 

A  beginner's  book  of  graded  selections  from  the  best  standard 
writers,  new  and  old,  beginning  with  easy  prose  and  verse  and 
advancing  to  examples  of  classical  literature.  It  is  carefully  an- 
notated and  a  full  vocabulary  is  appended. 

A  COMMERCIAL  GEOGRAPHY. 

By  C.  C.  ADAMS.    12mo.    Cloth. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  and  instructive  books  of  the  day. 
Brought  up  to  the  close  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 


NEW   YORK   AND   CHICAGO. 


16-6 


THE   DIAL 


[Sept.  16,  1900. 


D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY'S 

Preliminary  Autumn  Announcements. 


STANDARD  AND  MISCELLANEOUS. 


The  Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas  H.  Huxley. 

Edited  by  LEONARD  HUXLEY.  Illustrated.  In  two  vol- 
umes, cloth,  8vo,  $5.00. 

David  Harum. 

A  Story  of  American  Life.  By  EDWARD  NOTES  WEST- 
COTT.  Illustrated  Edition  entirely  reset.  With  some 
seventy  full-page  and  text  pictures  by  6.  West  Cline- 
dinst,  and  other  text  designs  by  C.  D.  Ferrand,  and  a 
biography  of  the  author  by  Forbes  Heermans.  12mo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  $2.00. 

The  Christmas  Story  from  ••  David  Harum." 

Crane  Edition.  Illustrated  with  pictures  of  William  H. 
Crane  in  character,  and  stage  photographs.  With  preface 
and  specially  designed  cover. 

The  Boers  in  War. 

The  True  Story  of  the  Burghers  in  the  Field.  By  HOW- 
ARD C.  HILLEGAS,  author  of  "Corn  Paul's  People." 
Elaborately  illustrated  with  photographs  by  the  author 
and  others.  Uniform  with  "  Com  Paul's  People."  12mo, 
cloth,  $1.50. 

Commodore  Paul  Jones. 

By  CYRUS  TOWNSBND  BRADY,  author  of  "Reuben 
James,"  "  For  the  Freedom  of  the  Seas,"  "  The  Grip  of 
Honor,"  etc.  A  new  volume  in  the  Great  Commanders 
Series,  edited  by  Gen.  Jas.  Grant  Wilson.  With  photo- 
gravure portrait  and  maps.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

The  Individual. 

A  Study  of  Life  and  Death.  By  Prof.  N.  S.  SHALER,  of 
Harvard  University.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

The  Story  of  the  Soldier. 

By  Gen.  G.  A.  FORSYTH,  U.  S.  A.  (Retired).  Illustrated 
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Appletons'  World  Series. 

Edited  by  H.  J.  MACKINDER,  Student  of  Christ  Church, 
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Britain  and  the  North  Atlantic. 

By  H.  J.  MACKINDEK,  M.  A.,  Student  of  Christ  Church, 
Reader  in  Geography  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  Prin- 
cipal of  Reading  College. 

Central  Europe. 

By  Dr.  JOSEPH  PARTSCH,  Professor  of  Geography  in  the 
University  of  Breslau. 

Clearing  Houses. 

Their  History,  Methods  and  Administrations.  By 
JAMES  G.  CANNON,  Vice-President  of  the  Fourth  Na- 
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The  Story  of  the  Alphabet. 

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40  cents. 


NEW  JUVENILE  BOOKS. 
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Reuben  James. 

A  Hero  of  the  Forecastle.  By  CYRUS  TOWNSEND  BRADY, 
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In  the  Days  of  Jefferson ; 

Or,  The  Six  Golden  Horse  Shoes.  A  Tale  of  Republican 
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A  Story  of  the  West.  By  HAMLIN  GARLAND.  12mo, 
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Some  Women  I  Have  Known. 

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A  Private  Chivalry. 

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King  Stork  of  the  Netherlands. 

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Illustrated.  8vo,  cloth,  $5.00. 

First  Principles. 

By  HERBERT  SPENCER.    12mo,  cloth,  $2.00. 

A  History  of  the  United  States  Navy. 

By  EDGAR  S.  MACLAY,  A.  M.  New  edition,  in  three 
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D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK. 


THE  DIAL 

Semis iERontfjlg  Journal  of  SLiterarg  Criticism,  JBigcusaion,  anfc  JEnfortnatum. 


T.tf.E  .D/.4Z,  (founded  in  1880  )  w  published  on  the  1st  and  16th  of 
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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 

No.  342.  SEPTEMBER  16,  1900.  Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


BOOKS  OF  THE  COMING  SEASON 


PAGE 

.  167 


THE  MENTAL  PROCESSES  OF  ANIMALS.    C.  C. 

Nutting 169 

MONT  BLANC  MOUNTAINEERING.  E.  G.  J.  .  171 
A  SOUTHWESTERN  PIONEER.  Chas.  F.  Lummis  172 
DEMOCRACY  AND  EMPIRE.  James  Oscar  Pierce  174 

STUDIES  IN  TAXATION  AND   GOVERNMENT. 

Max  West 176 

Wells's  The  Theory  and  Practice  of  Taxation.— 
Daniels's  The  Elements  of  Public  Finance.  —  Hol- 
lander's Studies  in  State  Taxation.  —  Hill's  The 
English  Income  Tax.  —  Chapman's  Local  Govern- 
ment and  State  Aid.  —  Lusk's  Our  Foes  at  Home. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 179 

A  brief  history  of  modern  Spain.  —  The  strange  case 
of  Mile.  Smith.  —  Cyclopaedia  of  horticulture  in 
America.  —  The  completion  of  the  Dictionary  of 
Political  Economy.  —  The  historic  James  River  in 
Virginia.  —  Story  of  the  capture  of  Stony  Point.  — 
A  book  on  business  for  American  women.  —  Euro- 
pean literature  in  the  first  half  of  the  19th  century. 
—  Education  as  an  evolution. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 182 

NOTES 182 

ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FALL  BOOKS      ....  184 
(A  classified  list  of  1,700  titles  announced  for  publi- 
cation during  the  coming  season.) 


BOOKS  OF  THE  COMING  YEAR. 

Our  annual  autumn  list  of  the  publications 
announced  for  the  coming  season  is  this  year 
even  longer  than  ever  before,  although  last 
year  set  a  standard  that  seemed  unlikely  to  be 
exceeded  for  some  time,  and  although  the 
excitement  attendant  upon  the  political  orgy 
in  which  our  country  quadrennially  indulges 
might  reasonably  seem  to  exercise  a  modifying 
influence  upon  the  plans  of  the  publishers. 


But  in  spite  of  the  record  of  other  years,  and 
in  spite  of  the  distractions  of  a  Presidential 
campaign,  it  seems  that  we  are  to  have  more 
books  this  year  than  ever  before,  and  we  may 
add  that  the  proportion  of  promising  announce- 
ments, of  books  that  are  to  be  awaited  with 
eagerness,  is  quite  as  large  as  it  has  been  at 
the  opening  of  any  past  season.  It  is  the 
purpose  of  the  present  article  to  indicate  a  few 
—  a  very  few  only  —  of  the  works  that  are 
likely  to  prove  most  attractive  to  readers  and 
collectors  in  general. 

If  there  is  such  a  thing  as  "  the  book  of  the 
year  "  in  the  present  list,  it  is  probably  the  two- 
volume  biography  of  Thomas  Henry  Huxley, 
that  has  been  prepared  by  Mr.  Leonard 
Huxley,  his  son.  Huxley  was  so  much  more 
than  a  mere  man  of  science,  he  was  a  philoso- 
pher and  humanist  in  so  large  a  sense,  that  the 
story  of  his  life  is  likely  to  be  found  equal  in 
interest  to  that  of  any  of  his  great  Victorian 
contemporaries.  Those  who  are  familiar  with 
his  miscellaneous  writings  know  that  he  touched 
nothing  that  he  did  not  adorn  with  his  humor, 
his  argumentative  appeal,  his  apt  allusiveness, 
and  his  heightened  sense  for  good  literature  as 
well  as  for  sound  logic.  The  story  of  such  a 
life  cannot  fail,  when  told  at  length,  to  prove 
both  instructive  and  fascinating.  Standing  at 
the  head  of  the  biographies  of  the  year,  this 
work,  however,  will  by  no  means  stand  alone. 
It  will  be  accompanied  by  important  biogra- 
phies of  Coventry  Patmore,  James  Martineau, 
and  Francis  Parkman,  by  the  intensely  inter- 
esting autobiography  of  Mr.  Stillman  ("which 
recent  readers  of  the  "Atlantic"  have  followed 
with  so  much  interest),  and  by  such  works  of 
the  pictorial  type  as  Mr.  Mabie's  Shakespeare, 
and  the  two  treatments  of  Cromwell  by  Mr. 
Theodore  Roosevelt  and  Mr.  John  Morley. 
The  latter  work  will  be  welcome  indeed,  for  it 
is  far  too  long  since  a  new  book  by  Mr.  Mor- 
ley has  made  its  appearance,  and  we  are  glad 
to  know  that  his  hand  has  not  lost  its  cunning 
during  these  years  of  preoccupation  with  the 
problems  of  practical  politics.  We  may  also, 
perhaps,  mention  under  the  present  heading 
the  forthcoming  book  by  Mr.  Howells,  entitled 
"  Literary  Friends  and  Acquaintances,"  which 
will  be  both  biography  and  autobiography, 


168 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


both  in  a  fragmentary  but  genial  way.  Frag- 
mentary and  genial  also,  doubtless,  will  be  the 
volume  of  Major  Pond's  reminiscences  of  the 
famous  men  and  women  of  the  platform  and 
stage  whom  he  has  known  in  his  long  career 
as  manager,  which  will  be  published  under 
the  title  "  Eccentricities  of  Genius."  There 
will  be  interest  in  the  forthcoming  life  of 
Henry  George,  by  his  son ;  and  in  the  comple- 
tion, in  two  additional  volumes,  of  the  late 
Augustus  J.  C.  Hare's  "  Story  of  My  Life," 
the  first  two  volumes  of  which  were  issued 
several  years  ago. 

First  in  importance  in  the  field  of  general 
literature  is  the  long-expected  "  American 
Anthology "  of  Mr.  E.  C.  Stedman,  which, 
many  times  delayed  and  eagerly  awaited,  is 
now  definitely  promised  for  this  season.  Next 
in  interest  to  the  student  of  American  liter- 
ature will  be  the  ambitious  "Literary  History 
of  America,"  upon  which  Prof.  Barrett  Wen- 
dell has  been  long  engaged.  The  season  is  to 
give  us  some  additional  letters  of  Edward 
FitzGerald,  edited  by  Mr.  Aldis  Wright ;  and 
also  a  new  life  of  FitzGerald  by  Mr.  John 
Glyde.  Mention  of  FitzGerald  reminds  us 
that  we  are  to  have  a  volume  on  "  The  Life 
and  Times  of  Omar  Khayyam,"  written  by 
Mr.  Denison  Ross.  Other  items  of  interest 
in  this  category  are  a  new  volume  of  essays  by 
Count  Tolstoi,  a  study  of  the  Sonnets  of 
Shakespeare  by  Mr.  Parke  Godwin,  a  study  of 
Milton  by  Mr.  Walter  Raleigh,  and  an  au- 
thorized English  translation  of  M.  Rostand's 
"L'Aiglon."  A  noticeable  feature  of  the 
season's  announcements  is  the  unusually  large 
number  of  new  and  attractive  editions  of  stan- 
dard works,  of  which  space  will  allow  us  to 
mention  only  the  edition  de  luxe  of  the  works 
of  Walter  Pater,  in  eight  sumptuous  volumes ; 
the  novels  of  Charles  Kingsley,  edited  and 
supplied  with  introductions  by  his  son,  Mr. 
Maurice  Kingsley;  the  "Knickerbocker"  edi- 
tion of  Lord  Macaulay,  in  20  volumes ;  a  com- 
plete edition  of  George  Borrow's  works,  edited 
by  Professor  Knapp  and  others ;  and  a  popular 
seven-volume  edition  of  the  writings  of  Col. 
T.  W.  Higginson. 

Among  works  of  scholarship,  the  first  place 
must  be  given  to  the  "  General  History  of 
Modern  Times,"  which  has  long  been  prepar- 
ing under  the  editorship  of  Lord  Acton.  This 
great  enterprise,  which  has  enlisted  the  most 
eminent  scholars  in  its  preparation,  will  extend 
to  twelve  volumes,  the  first  of  which,  "  The 
Renaissance,"  is  now  announced  as  ready  for 


publication.  Another  highly  important  co- 
operative enterprise  is  the  "  World  "  series  of 
descriptive  geographies,  edited  by  Mr.  J.  H. 
Mackinder,  of  which  the  first  two  volumes 
will  appear  at  once.  Still  another  large  col- 
lective undertaking  is  the  "  Dictionary  of 
Philosophy  and  Psychology,"  in  three  volumes, 
edited  by  Professor  James  Mark  Baldwin, 
which  is  now  nearly  ready  to  see  the  light.  A 
few  more  titles  of  important  works,  taken 
somewhat  at  random,  are  "  Studies  in  History 
and  Jurisprudence,"  by  Mr.  James  Bryce ; 
"Introduction  to  English  Politics,"  by  Mr. 
John  W.  Robertson  ;  "  A  Century  of  Amer- 
ican Diplomacy,"  by  Mr.  John  W.  Foster, 
our  foremost  living  diplomatist ;  "  Italian 
Cities,"  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  H.  Blashfield; 
"  The  Ascent  of  Mount  St.  Elias,"  by  the 
Duke  of  Abruzzi ;  "  Pompeii,"  by  M.  Pierre 
Gusman ;  "  Through  the  First  Antarctic 
Night,"  by  Dr.  Frederick  A.  Cook  ;  "  The 
Harriman  Expedition  to  Alaska" ;  and  "  The 
Problem  of  Asia,"  by  Captain  A.  T.  Mahan. 
There  are  to  be  no  end  of  books  about  China 
and  the  new  Eastern  question,  but  none  of 
them  will  be  likely  to  equal  in  weight  and 
influence  this  work  of  Captain  Mahan.  Interest 
in  Eastern  affairs  has  of  course  eclipsed  for 
the  moment  events  in  South  Africa  ;  but  we 
are  to  have  a  number  of  new  volumes  on  the 
Boer  war,  the  most  important  of  which  are 
Richard  Harding  Davis's  "  With  Both  Armies 
in  South  Africa,"  Dr.  A.  Conan  Doyle's 
"  History  of  the  South  African  War,"  and 
Mr.  Winston  Spencer  Churchill's  account  of 
"  Ian  Hamilton's  March." 

Among  the  more  sumptuous  art  publications 
we  find  two  elaborate  volumes  devoted  to  the 
work  of  Van  Dyck,  one  by  Mr.  Lionel  Gust, 
the  other  unsponsored  ;  an  account  of  "  Bot- 
ticelli and  his  School,"  by  Count  Plunkett ;  a 
life  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  by  Sir  Walter 
Armstrong  ;  and  a  "  Life  of  Lord  Leighton," 
by  Mr.  Ernest  Rhys.  These  promise  to  be 
works  of  permanent  value,  although  clad  in 
holiday  raiment ;  of  holiday  books  in  the 
stricter  sense,  so  many  are  announced  that  we 
give  up  in  despair  the  attempt  to  make  any 
selection  at  all. 

Our  list  is  fairly  swamped  with  works  of 
fiction,  and  the  task  of  selecting  a  few  of  the 
many  titles  offered  is  peculiarly  invidious. 
The  following  have  caught  our  attention  as 
among  those  most  deserving  of  mention : 
"  The  Lane  That  Had  No  Turning,"  by  Mr. 
Gilbert  Parker  ;  "  The  Palace  of  the  King," 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


169 


by  Mr.  F.  Marion  Crawford  ;  "  Richard  Yea 
and  Nay,"  by  Mr.  Maurice  Hewlett ;  "  The 
Hosts  of  the  Lord,"  by  Mrs.  F.  A.  Steel; 
"  Tommy  and  Grizel,"  by  Mr.  James  M. 
Barrie  ;  "  Some  Women  I  Have  Known,"  by 
"  Maarten  Maartens  ";  "Dr.  North  and  his 
Friends,"  by  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell ;  "  The 
Last  Refuge,"  by  Mr.  Henry  B.  Fuller; 
"  Quisante,"  by  Mr.  Anthony  Hope  ;  "  Robert 
Orange,"  by  "John  Oliver  Hobbes  ";  "The 
Fourth  Generation,"  by  Sir  Walter  Besant; 
"  The  Isle  of  Unrest,"  by  Mr.  Henry  Seton 
Merriman ;  "  Nude  Souls,"  by  "  Benjamin 
Swift";  "The  Mantle  of  Elijah,"  by  Mr. 
Israel  Zangwill ;"  and  "  Eleanor,"  by  Mrs. 
Humphry  Ward.  The  announcements  in 
poetry,  although  not  unnumerous,  are  of  such 
very  minor  importance  that  it  seems  hardly 
worth  while  to  specify  any  of  them.  We  look 
in  vain  for  the  volume  by  Mr.  Swinburne 
which  some  recent  notes  in  the  English  jour- 
nals had  led  us  to  expect  this  fall. 


THE  MENTAL   PROCESSES   OF 
ANIMALS. 


In  a  Monograph  Supplement  to  "  The  Psycho- 
logical Review,"  Volume  II.,  No.  4,  Dr.  Edward  L. 
Thorndyke  presents  a  series  of  experiments  on  the 
mental  processes  of  animals,  and  his  conclusions 
based  thereon.  So  profoundly  convinced  is  he  of 
the  finality  of  these  conclusions,  as  well  as  of  the 
uselessness  of  any  but  experimental  studies,  that  he 
does  not  hesitate  to  declare  himself  as  follows : 

"  Surely  everyone  must  agree  that  no  man  now  has  a  right 
to  advance  theories  about  what  is  in  animals'  minds  or  to 
deny  previous  theories  unless  he  supports  his  thesis  by  sys- 
tematic and  extended  experiments." 

He  is,  moreover,  particularly  severe  on  those  be- 
lated persons  who  think  that  the  lower  animals  — 
i.  e.,  those  below  man  —  reason.  After  admitting 
that  both  such  men  and  their  opponents  have  thus 
far  based  their  belief  on  mere  opinions,  he  says : 
"  So,  although  it  is  in  a  way  superfluous  to  give  the  coup  de 
grace  to  the  despised  theory  that  animals  reason,  I  think  it 
worth  while  to  settle  this  question  once  for  all." 

In  the  quotations  given  above,  it  will  be  observed 
that  Dr.  Thorndyke  first  denies  the  right  of  any 
one  not  of  the  experimental  school,  even  though  a 
naturalist  who  has  devoted  many  years  to  the  study 
of  animals  in  their  normal  surroundings,  to  enter 
into  the  discussion  at  all  after  the  advent  of  his 
( Dr.  Thorndyke's)  work ;  and  then  all  parties  are 
notified  that  the  coup  de  grace  has  been  given  to 
"  the  despised  reason  theory." 

Against  both  of  these  positions  I  desire  to  enter 
a  protest.  I  must  at  the  outset,  however,  confess 
to  a  sincere  admiration  for  the  ingenuity  and  care 


exhibited  by  Dr.  Thorndyke  in  the  devising  of  ex- 
periments and  for  his  patience  in  carrying  them 
out  and  tabulating  the  results.  Although  the  pur- 
pose of  this  article  renders  it  necessary  to  criticise, 
to  some  extent,  these  experiments,  it  should  be  un- 
derstood that  such  criticisms  are  not  inconsistent 
with  a  sincere  appreciation  of  the  many  admirable 
features  that  could  easily  be  pointed  out.  The  gen- 
eral method  of  experimentation  was  as  follows  : 

"  It  was  merely  to  put  animals  when  hungry  in  enclosures 
from  which  they  could  escape  by  some  simple  act,  such  as 
pulling  at  a  loop  of  cord,  pressing  a  lever,  or  stepping  on  a 
platform.  The  animal  was  put  in  the  enclosure,  food  was  left 
outside  in  sight,  and  his  actions  observed." 

The  author  further  explains  that  "  so  far  as  possible 
the  animals  were  kept  in  a  state  of  hunger,  which 
was  practically  utter  hunger." 

It  might  be  suggested  that  imprisonment  in  a 
box  while  suffering  from  the  pangs  of  utter  hunger 
is  not  likely  to  result  in  the  best  mental  conditions 
for  the  exhibition  of  normal  mental  activities,  and 
that  conclusions  drawn  from  the  conduct  of  such 
animals  might  justly  be  relegated  to  the  limbo  of 
"  Abnormal  Psychology."  Can  we  wonder  that 
under  these  conditions  "  there  was  displayed  no  ob- 
servations of  the  surroundings  or  deliberations  upon 
them?"  The  author  remarks  that  "the  cat  does 
not  look  over  the  situation,  much  less  think  over 
it."  This  conclusion  appears  to  be  entirely  gratui- 
tous, and  it  seems  not  unlikely  that  the  unfortunate 
animal  would  be  doing  a  deal  of  thinking  which 
might  take  some  such  form  as  this :  "  This  is  most 
unpleasant,  and  I  will  try  every  means  in  my  power 
to  get  out  at  once."  And  then  it  would  do  exactly 
what  Dr.  Thorndyke  says  it  does  when  he  reports 
that  it  "  bursts  out  at  once  into  the  activities  which 
instinct  and  experience  have  settled  on  as  suitable 
reactions  to  the  situation."  I  imagine  that  a  boy 
similarly  treated  would  act  in  a  similar  manner,  and 
not  necessarily  without  reason. 

It  may  fairly  be  maintained,  I  think,  that  these 
experiments  are  negative  in  their  results,  so  far  as 
proof  of  reason  is  concerned.  They  neither  prove 
reason  nor  the  absence  of  reason.  Similar  experi- 
ments with  human  beings,  even  though  attended  by 
similar  conduct,  would  not  prove  the  absence  of  the 
power  to  reason.  The  boy  above  referred  to  might 
be  able  to  solve  an  equation  when  not  mentally  per- 
turbed by  imprisonment  or  fear,  and  physically 
deranged  by  utter  hunger. 

Those  who  believe  that  the  higher  mammals 
reason  have,  it  seems  to  me,  a  perfectly  logical 
ground  for  that  belief.  Nothing  beyond  an  outline 
of  the  argument  can  be  given  here,  but  even  this,  it 
is  hoped,  will  show  that  the  coup  de  grace  has  still 
to  be  given  to  the  despised  "  reason  "  theory. 

It  is  almost  an  axiom  among  biologists  that 
closely  similar  organs  in  animals  that  are  zoologi- 
cally closely  related,  as  are  all  of  the  higher  mam- 
malia, are  similar  in  function,  and  that  the  greater 
the  similarity  in  structure  the  greater  the  similarity 
in  function.  Taken  in  general,  the  organs  in  the 


170 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


cat,  for  instance,  are  so  similar  to  corresponding 
structures  in  man  that  their  activities  are  not  only 
inferred  but  known  to  be  similar  in  kind,  although 
perhaps  differing  greatly  in  degree.  Not  only  is 
this  true,  but  also  the  highly  significant  fact  that 
similar  stimuli  result  in  similar  reaction,  showing 
not  only  structural  but  physiological  likeness  be- 
tween the  nervous  systems  of  the  two.  Drugs  and 
medicines,  in  general,  have  the  same  effect  on  both, 
in  witness  whereof  stands  practically  the  whole 
mass  of  facts  accumulated  by  the  experimental  phy- 
siologists. Now  this  similarity  in  kind  is  no  less 
true  of  the  brain  than  of  other  organs.  This  being 
a  matter  of  prime  importance  to  my  argument,  I 
have  sought  expert  testimony. 

Professor  G.  L.  Houser,  a  specialist  in  brain 
structure  and  head  of  the  Department  of  Animal 
Morphology  in  the  State  University  of  Iowa,  has 
the  following  to  say  concerning  the  fundamental 
similarity  between  the  brain  of  man  and  of  the 
order  Carnivora,  to  which  the  mammals  experi- 
mented upon  by  Dr.  Thorndyke  belong  : 

"The  brain  of  the  higher  Carnivora  may  be  compared 
with  the  human  brain  without  disclosing  any  essential  differ- 
ence either  in  external  characters  or  in  internal  structure." 

Recently  the  claim  has  been  made  that  an  import- 
ant difference  between  the  brain  of  man  and  other 
animals  is  found  in  the  "  association  tracts,"  which 
are  supposed  to  have  to  do  with  the  transmission  of 
impulses  between  different  parts  of  the  brain.  At 
my  request,  Dr.  Henry  H.  Donaldson,  head  of  the 
Department  of  Neurology  in  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, permits  me  to  quote  him  as  follows  : 

"  In  the  cerebrum  of  vertebrates,  so  far  as  the  cortex  is 
developed,  there  appear  to  be  always  present  cells  which  we 
can  fairly  assume  to  be  concerned  in  passing  nerve  impulses 
from  one  part  of  the  cortex  to  another.  This  is  physiologi- 
cally the  process  of  association.  It  doubtless  is  very  poorly 
developed  in  the  lower  orders,  but  it  is  essentially  the  same 
arrangement  as  is  found  in  the  cortex  of  man  himself .  .  .  ." 
"The  possibility  of  this  physiological  linking  of  different 
portions  of  the  cortex  is  not  to  be  confused  with  the  presence 
or  absence  of  so-called  association  fibres,  which  are  defined  in 
anatomical  terms  only." 

In  regard  to  these  association  fibres,  there  is  no 
question,  I  believe,  about  their  being  found  in  all 
the  higher  Mammalia. 

It  is  admitted  that  the  brain  is  the  physical 
organ,  the  activities  or  functions  of  which  are  in- 
volved in  mental  phenomena.  We  are  therefore 
justified  in  taking  the  position  that  these  similar 
organs  have  similar  functions  in  the  man  and  in  the 
cat.  In  other  words,  their  mental  activities  are 
similar,  and  do  not  differ  in  kind,  however  much 
they  may  differ  in  degree ;  and  we  confidently 
assert  that  this  similarity  in  function  appears  to 
extend  to  the  function  or  power  of  reasoning. 
That  the  higher  mammals  appear  to  reason  is  a 
proposition  that  few  naturalists  would  care  to  deny. 
Almost  anyone  who  has  had  an  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  animals  would  agree  to  the  statement 
that  they  exhibit  activities  which  would  unhesitat- 
ingly be  ascribed  to  reason  if  exhibited  by  human 


beings.  Dr.  Thorndyke,  to  be  sure,  denies  that  his 
animals  even  appeared  to  reason  ;  but  his  testimony 
is  far  outweighed  by  the  repeated  observations  of 
the  great  majority  of  those  naturalists  who  have 
given  most  attention  to  the  mental  activities  of 
animals. 

Now  there  are  no  possible  criteria  whereby  we 
can  interpret  the  mental  activities  of  other  organ- 
isms than  our  own,  save  those  furnished  by  our  own 
mental  states.  These  criteria  may  be  wrong,  but 
they  are  absolutely  our  only  resource.  In  other 
words,  we  are  forced  to  interpret  the  acts  of  ani- 
mals in  terms  of  our  own  consciousness,  or  else  not 
to  interpret  them  at  all.  Ours  is  the  only  mind 
with  which  we  are  acquainted  at  first-hand,  and 
those  acts  which  with  us  are  accompanied  by  certain 
mental  states  must  be  assumed  to  be  accompanied 
by  similar  mental  states  in  animals  with  similar 
brains,  until  the  contrary  is  proved.  The  burden 
of  proof  is  thus  brought  to  rest  upon  those  who  deny 
to  the  lower  animals  the  power  to  reason. 

The  argument  which  I  have  thus  briefly  sum- 
marized can  be  outlined  as  follows : 

Dr.  Thorndyke's  experiments  were  by  their 
nature  such  as  to  interfere  with  the  normal  mental 
activities  of  his  subjects,  and  even  if  they  were 
valid  his  results  were  negative,  so  far  as  reason  is 
concerned. 

The  demonstrated  similarity  between  the  anat- 
omy and  physiology  of  man  and  the  higher  mam- 
mals, extending  as  it  does  to  the  brain  and  its 
minute  structure,  gives  us  a  logical  right  to  expect 
mental  activities  similar  in  kind,  however  great  the 
difference  in  degree.  This  similarity  in  brain 
structure  is  actually  accompanied  by  activities  that, 
in  us,  would  be  at  once  regarded  as  the  outcome  of 
reason.  It  is  therefore  logical  to  assume  that  reason 
is  an  attribute  of  at  least  some  minds  of  animals 
lower  than  man.  Furthermore,  this  assumption 
holds  good  until  proof  to  the  contrary  is  forthcom- 
ing, and  it  is  from  the  nature  of  the  case  almost 
impossible  to  prove  such  a  negative  so  long  as  any 
animals  even  appear  to  reason. 

It  will  be  seen  that  I  have  not  as  yet  attempted 
to  define  reason.  For  the  purposes  of  this  discus- 
sion I  am  willing  to  accept  Dr.  Thorndyke's  defini- 
tion which  is  implied  in  the  question :  "  Do  they 
[animals]  ever  conclude  from  inference  that  a 
certain  act  will  produce  a  desired  result,  and  so  do 
it?"  I  am  willing  to  assert  that  they  appear  to  do 
so,  and  that  is  all  that  anyone  is  warranted  in 
asserting  either  of  the  lower  animals  or  of  any 
human  being  save  himself. 

It  may  be  noted,  in  conclusion,  that  many 
modern  psychologists  would  not  agree  with  Dr. 
Thorndyke  in  this  matter.  Dr.  G.  T.  W.  Patrick, 
Professor  of  Psychology  in  the  State  University  of 
Iowa,  allows  me  to  quote  him  as  follows : 

"The  trend  of  opinion  among  modern  psychologists  is 
toward  the  belief  that  the  mental  activities  of  man  do  not 
differ  in  kind  from  those  of  the  higher  mammalia  in  general.  ' 

State  University  of  Iowa.  C.  C.  NUTTING. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


171 


MONT  BLANC  MOUNTAINEERING.* 


Mr.  Mathews's  handsome  volume  entitled 
"  The  Annals  of  Mont  Blanc  "  is  in  no  sense  a 
record  of  personal  experiences,  although  the 
author  has  climbed  the  great  mountain  twelve 
times,  and  could  hence  unfold  an  interesting 
tale  of  his  own  adventures  if  he  chose  ;  nor  is 
it  an  account  of  the  geological  evolution  and 
modification  of  Mont  Blanc,  although  a  special 
chapter  on  this  subject  is  supplied  by  Professor 
T.  G.  Bonney.  The  book  may  be  fairly  de- 
scribed as  a  history  of  Mont  Blanc  mountain- 
eering —  a  detailed  account  of  the  various 
ascents  and  attempted  ascents  of  the  mountain, 
from  the  early  essays,  in  1762,  1775,  and 
1783,  of  Pierre  Simond  and  others,  and  the 
pioneering  ascents  of  Balmat,  Paccard,  and 
Saussure  (1786,  1787),  down  to  the  time  of 
Albert  Smith  (1851),  when  climbing  Mont 
Blanc  began  to  be  regarded,  not  as  a  feat  al- 
most comparable  with  a  voyage  to  the  Pole, 
but  as  a  customary  part  of  the  programme 
of  more  adventurous  Alpine  tourists.  Mr. 
Mathews's  book  is  the  first  of  its  kind  and 
scope  in  English,  Albert  Smith's  brochure  of 
fifty  years  ago  being  mainly  the  story  of  his 
own  exploit,  while  Mr.  Whymper's  excellent 
"  Guide  to  Chamonix  and  Mont  Blanc  "  is  a 
guide-book  rather  than  a  history. 

In  reading  the  interesting  accounts  of  the 
earlier  ascents  of  Mont  Blanc,  one  is  struck 
not  only  with  the  sufferings  which  the  adven- 
turous, and,  as  it  then  seemed,  foolhardy 
pioneers  actually  endured,  but  with  their  very 
vivid,  and  as  we  should  now  think,  exagger- 
ated sense  of  the  dangers  of  their  undertaking. 
Perhaps  a  remnant  of  the  mysterious  and 
legendary  terrors  with  which  the  imagination 
of  certain  old  writers,  such  as  John  Jacob 
Scheuchzer,  had  invested  the  mountain,  still 
lingered  about  it  in  the  days  of  Balmat  and 
Saussure,  and  to  the  known  material  dangers 
of  avalanches  and  crevasses  added  the  grisly 
possibility  of  an  encounter  with  the  grim 
shapes  and  "  beckoning  shadows  dire "  still 
popularly  believed  to  haunt  those  icy  fast- 
nesses. Scheuchzer's  "  Itinera  Alpina  "  (1723) 
is  a  most  quaint  book  —  a  curious  medley 
of  primitive  scientific  facts  and  old  wives' 

*THE  ANNALS  OF  MONT  BLANC.  A  Monograph.  By 
Charles  Edward  Mathews.  With  a  Chapter  on  the  Geology 
of  the  Mountain  by  Prof.  T.  G.  Bonney,  D.Sc.  Illustrated. 
Boston :  L.  C.  Page  &  Co. 


tales  and  marvels  in  the  style  of  Sir  John 
Maundeville,  whose  long  bow  Scheuchzer  was 
quite  capable  of  bending.  A  doctor  of  medi- 
cine and  professor  of  mathematics  at  Zurich, 
John  Jacob  nevertheless  tells  us  gravely  in  his 
"  Itinera "  of  certain  Alpine  lakes  that  draw 
into  their  fatal  depths  men  who  fall  asleep 
near  their  shores,  their  waters  having  the  prop- 
erty of  attracting  the  human  body  as  the  mag- 
net attracts  iron  ;  of  a  certain  blue  flower,  not 
that  of  "Novalis"  but  of  the  magic  plant 
"  Doronicum,"  which  renders  invulnerable  the 
chamois  that  eats  it,  and  which  (Scheuchzer 
assures  us)  will  do  a  like  service  to  man,  only 
in  this  case  it  is  the  root  of  "  Doronicum,"  and 
not  the  flower,  that  must  be  eaten,  and  that 
before  sunrise.  Scheuchzer  is  learned  in  the 
habits  of  the  chamois,  which  he  calls  "  rupi- 
capra,"  noting  among  other  things  how  the 
sagacious  beast  is  given  to  "  licking  certain 
porous  rocks  in  order  to  promote  digestion." 
But  it  is  as  the  discoverer  of  Swiss  dragons 
that  this  Professor  of  Mathematics  especially 
shines  in  the  department  of  Natural  History. 
He  does  not  claim  to  have  himself  ever  seen  a 
dragon.  But  he  establishes  the  fact  of  their 
existence  to  his  own  entire  satisfaction  through 
the  testimony  of  "  unimpeachable  witnesses," 
and  gives  some  instructive  facts  as  to  their 
habits,  haunts,  etc.,  together  with  many  draw- 
ings of  the  monsters,  as  they  were  described  to 
him  by  veracious  informants.  One  of  these 
pictures,  reproduced  by  our  author,  shows  a 
dragon  in  an  alarming  state  of  rampancy,  and 
bearing  a  general  family  resemblance  to  his 
English  relative  of  Wantley,  as  the  cuts  at  the 
top  of  the  old  ballad  figured  him. 

Perhaps  mountaineering  pioneers  of  the  days 
of  Balmat  and  Saussure  did  not  exactly  ex- 
pect to  be  drawn  into  a  magnetic  lake  if  they 
ventured  to  scale  unexplored  heights  of  Mont 
Blanc,  still  less  to  be  called  upon  to  play  the 
role  of  Saint  Michael  with  one  of  Scheuchzer's 
dragons.  But  they  had  a  somewhat  gruesome 
antecedent  notion  of  the  terrors  and  perils  of 
the  mountain,  and  they  were  by  no  means  in- 
clined to  make  light  of  the  dangers  and  suffer- 
ings they  had  endured  after  making  their  first 
ascents.  All  of  them  complained  bitterly  of 
frost-bites,  of  snow- blindness,  of  blistered  faces, 
of  agonies  resulting  from  breathing  the  rarified 
air ;  and  some  of  them  were  urgent  in  their 
advice  that  no  one  should  follow  their  example. 
Sherwill,  for  instance,  said  :  "  It  is  in  itself  a 
dangerous  effort.  The  risk  of  losing  one's  own 
life  or  that  of  the  guides  is  too  great  to  be  in- 


172 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


curred  without  a  very  important  object."  Sir 
Charles  Fellows,  who  made  the  ascent  in  1827, 
was  still  more  emphatic. 

"  Great  as  is  the  pleasure  of  overcoming  an  acknowl- 
edged succession  of  dangers,  any  one  who  sets  the  least 
value  upon  his  own  life,  or  upon  theirs  who  must  ac- 
company him  on  such  an  expedition,  hazards  a  risk 
which  upon  calm  consideration  he  ought  not  to  venture; 
and  if  it  ever  falls  to  my  lot  to  dissuade  a  friend  from 
attempting  what  we  have  gone  through,  I  shall  consider 
that  I  have  saved  his  life." 

Various  were  the  motives  that  impelled  men 
to  climb  Mont  Blanc,  in  the  days  when  the 
feat  was  a  rare  one  and  shed  a  certain  glory 
upon  those  who  performed  it.  Some  attempted 
the  ascent  through  pure  love  of  adventure  and 
the  promptings  of  restless  curiosity  ;  others  for 
the  sake  of  the  positive  information  which  the 
expedition  might  afford ;  not  a  few,  we  fear, 
through  motives  akin  to  those  which  inspire 
the  perennial  "  crank"  who  jumps  off  Brooklyn 
Bridge,  "  shoots  "  the  rapids  at  Niagara  in  a 
barrel,  or  crosses  the  Atlantic  in  a  yawl,  or 
fires  a  pistol  at  somebody  whose  murder  is 
sure  to  make  a  great  stir  in  the  world.  But 
there  is  no  great  fame,  or  notoriety,  to  be 
gained  nowadays  through  scaling  Mont  Blanc, 
since  everybody  has  done  it. 

"  Familiarity  has  bred  for  it,  not  indeed  contempt, 
but  at  least  indifference.  Men  have  climbed  it  without 
guides;  women  have  climbed  it;  blind  men  have  climbed 
it;  a  priest  has  said  Mass  [shade  of  the  Savoyard  Vicar!] 
upon  its  summit;  it  has  been  scaled  in  the  depth  of 
winter;  Professor  Tyndall  slept  upon  the  top,  though 
not  without  much  suffering;  M.  Vallot  spent  three  days 
and  nights  there.  Many  a  great  feat  has  been  achieved 
upon  it;  Mr.  Frederick  Morshead  once  climbed  it  alone, 
and  went  up  and  down  in  less  than  seventeen  hours." 

All  of  which  may  be  said  without  detracting 
from  the  fame  of  the  gallant  spirits  who,  im- 
pelled by  the  thirst  for  adventure  and  the 
ambition  of  adding  to  the  sum  of  human  knowl- 
edge, first  made  their  way,  by  unknown  paths 
and  through  unknown  dangers,  to  the  summit 
of  the  King  of  Swiss  Mountains.  The  adven- 
tures of  these  pioneers  are  agreeably  told  by 
Mr.  Mathews  —  the  story  of  Balmat's  ascent 
being  borrowed  from  Dumas  ("  Impressions 
de  Voyage  Suisse"),  who  took  it  from  the  lips 
of  Balmat  himself.  The  work  forms  a  suffi- 
ciently full  and  very  entertaining  account  of 
Mont  Blanc  mountaineering.  There  are  special 
chapters  entitled  "  The  Formation  of  the  Al- 
pine Club,"  "Fatalities,"  "The  Chamonix 
Guides,"  "  The  Bibliography  of  Mont  Blanc." 
An  Appendix  contains  a  "  Table  of  Ascents 
from  1786  to  1851,"  a  "  Table  of  Fatalities," 
a  "  Letter  from  Jacques  Balmat,"  etc.,  and 


there  is  a  map  of  the  routes  up  Mont  Blanc. 
The  volume  is  handsomely  illustrated  with  por- 
traits, mountain  views,  etc.,  and  it  deserves  a 
place  in  the  bookshelves  of  every  one  inter- 
ested in  its  topic.  E.  G.  J. 


A  SOUTHWESTERN  PIONEER.* 


As  if  it  were  not  enough  for  one  man  in  one 
lifetime  to  have  given  us  the  definitive  and  mon- 
umental editions  of  Lewis  and  Clark,  Henry  and 
Thompson,  Larpenteur,  and  Jacob  Fowler  — 
by  much  the  most  competent  and  valuable 
collection  of  Far- West  exploration  in  the  nine- 
teenth century  (and,  in  English,  of  any  cen- 
tury) —  two  rich  volumes  come  posthumously 
to  increase,  and  by  a  very  material  sum,  our 
debt  to  the  late  Dr.  Elliott  Coues.  They  are, 
too,  his  best  requiem  :  fully  worthy  to  close  the 
long  chapter  of  a  fine  and  useful  and  lovable 
life.  Though  posthumous,  they  are  no  pitiful 
remnants  swept  up  for  the  market,  but  a  com- 
plete, rounded,  and  standard  work,  a  sound 
staff  for  historical  students  so  long  as  there 
shall  be  any,  and  withal  eminently  readable  to 
the  thoughtful  layman.  The  price  of  this  per- 
fectedness  does  not  appear  upon  its  face,  nor 
even  in  the  summary  of  enormous  labor  the 
book  required  ;  for  the  last  payment  was  made 
as  it  were  in  blood.  Returning  already  marked 
for  death  from  his  last  New  Mexico  expedition, 
Dr.  Coues  worked  serenely,  doggedly,  swiftly, 
through  his  few  months  of  resistance,  through 
quenchless  pain  with  quenchless  fortitude,  to 
round  his  last  work.  It  was  his  —  and  our  — 
good  fortune  that  he  had  as  collaborator  the 
younger  scholar  upon  whom,  of  all  now  in 
sight,  it  seems  likeliest  that  Dr.  Coues's  mantle 
shall  fall  —  Mr.  Frederick  Webb  Hodge,  of 
the  Bureau  of  Ethnology ;  and  between  them 
the  great  task  was  completed  in  time.  Par- 
ticularly in  the  admirable  ethnographic  foot- 
notes over  his  own  initials,  Mr.  Hodge  has 
added  greatly  to  the  value  of  these  volumes. 
For  concise,  comprehensive,  and  authoritative 
reference-definition  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  the 
Southwest,  they  are  hardly  to  be  matched.  It 
could  be  wished  that  Mr.  Hodge  were  not 
officially  bound  to  the  barbarous  spellings 
fathered  by  the  Bureau  — "  Moki "  for  Moqui, 
"  Navaho  "  for  Navajo,  and  the  like,  which  are 
adverse  to  history,  etymology,  and  an  invariable 

*ON  THE  TRAIL  OF  A  SPANISH  PIONEER  :  The  Diary  and 
Itinerary  of  Francisco  Garce's,  missionary  priest.  By  Elliott 
Coues.  New  York :  Francis  P.  Harper. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


173 


scheme  of  pronunciation.  They  are  illogical 
as  some  other  "  spelling  reforms,"  absolutely 
without  system  ("  Englishing  "  a  few  proper 
names  and  leaving  thousands  untouched ;  for 
we  are  not  yet  saddled  with  "  Heelah  "  for 
Gila,  nor  "  Santa  Fay,"  nor  "  Cheewahwa  ")  ; 
and  as  wanton  as  it  would  be  to  write  the  pres- 
ent diarist  "  Garsace  "  or  his  editor  "  Cows." 
It  is  to  be  noted  that  Dr.  Coues  writes  Moqui, 
Navajo,  Mojave,  etc.,  after  the  historic  spelling. 

Decidedly  second  to  Bandelier  in  critical 
knowledge  of  the  documents,  Dr.  Coues  was 
easily  foremost  of  our  documentary  editors. 
He  revived  the  dignity  of  the  bedraggled  term 
"  popular  science,"  so  largely  used  for  matter 
which  is  neither  scientific  nor  popular.  Dr. 
Coues's  work  was  both.  His  broad  and  inde- 
fatigable scholarship  was  formulated  in  a  me- 
dium peculiarly  sympathetic  and  "  taking." 
Manful,  aggressive,  generous,  pungent,  afraid 
of  nothing  on  earth  save  error,  he  captivated 
many  who  intrinsically  cared  nothing  for  his 
themes.  One  of  the  best  equipped  and  most 
vital  reviewers  in  this  country,  on  all  topics  of 
Western  history  this  side  of  1800,  he  was  also 
one  of  the  most  competent  workers  therein,  and 
beyond  reasonable  competition  our  foremost 
popularizing  editor  of  "  sources." 

A  theme  after  his  own  heart  was  this  import- 
ant Didrio  of  Fray  Francisco  Garces,  a  typical 
Franciscan  missionary  who,  like  hundreds  of 
his  kind,  before  and  after,  plodded  by  the 
hundred  leagues  over  the  burning  wastes  of 
New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  the  general  South- 
west; penetrated  savage  tribes,  dwelt  among 
them,  converted  them,  chronicled  them,  and  by 
them  were  at  last  given  the  crown  of  martyr- 
dom. For  centuries  it  was  almost  the  regula- 
tion programme  of  the  Great  American  Desert 
—  an  educated  evangelist,  alone  amid  his  bar- 
barous flock,  farther  from  a  population  of  his 
countrymen  than  the  Klondiker  gets  to-d ay ;  per- 
suading brush-housed  savages  to  build  to  the  new 
God  they  so  little  laid  hold  upon  so  huge  and 
noble  temples  in  wilderness  and  squalid  ranch- 
eria  as  we  can  match  only  in  our  greatest  cities 
(if  at  all)  ;  making  their  tongue  a  universal 
password  through  nearly  a  thousand  diverse  lan- 
guages and  along  more  than  five  thousand  miles 
north-and-south ;  and  at  last,  in  some  brute- 
childish  impatience  of  their  parishioners,  hacked 
or  clubbed  to  death  for  their  pains. 

Garces  was  for  thirteen  years  a  frontier 
apostle  to  our  Southwestern  Indians.  He  came 
from  Spain,  young  in  years  and  in  the  vows  of 
St.  Francis ;  and  in  1768  (being  then  thirty 


years  old)  was  resident  priest  at  the  frontier 
mission  of  San  Xavier  del  Bac,  near  our  mod- 
ern Tucson  in  Arizona.  The  church,  set  in  a 
huddle  of  Papago  hovels,  is  famous  as  the  most 
notable  and  most  noble  example  of  old  ecclesi- 
astical architecture  north  of  Mexico.  Up  to 
1781  (when  he  was  cruelly  slain  by  his  flock 
in  the  brutal  massacre  of  July  17—19  at  the 
Puerto  de  'la  Purisima  Concepcion,  where 
Yuma  now  stands)  Garces  had  made  five 
evangelizing  explorations  through  the  South- 
western deserts  ;  covering  over  1800  leagues  on 
foot,  visiting  some  25,000  savage  Indians  of 
dozens  of  tribes,  penetrating  the  unmapped 
wilderness  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Colorado  ; 
the  Tulare  valley,  halfway  up  California,  and 
back  across  to  the  remote  Moqui  villages.  He 
was  the  first  white  man  to  cover  and  record  a 
very  considerable  portion  of  this  enormous 
itinerary.  In  footsore  mileage  he  was  sur- 
passed by  a  few,  equaled  by  many,  of  his  fel- 
low-missionaries ;  but  none  of  our  "  American  " 
explorers  have  matched  his  record.  He  ac- 
companied that  competent  frontiersman  and 
Apache-fighter,  Juan  Bautista  Anza,  on  the 
longest  and  worst  part  of  the  expedition  which 
founded  San  Francisco,  the  present  metropolis 
of  the  Pacific  Coast ;  and  left  it  only  to  make 
a  far  longer,  far  harder,  and  far  more  perilous 
journey  alone  to  the  cliff-built  pueblos  of 
Tusayau.  He  kept  of  all  his  wanderings  a 
modest,  matter-of-fact  diary,  unburdened  with 
any  record  of  his  physical  sufferings  on  a  route 
the  best  equipped  wagon-party  even  now  could 
not  duplicate  without  severe  hardships.  His 
chronicle  is  devoted  to  the  topographies  and 
peoples  he  found  ;  the  tribal  names,  numbers, 
relationships,  customs,  and  disposition  to  the 
Faith  ;  and  it  is  of  intimate  importance  to  our 
knowledge  of  Southwestern  ethnography.  Like 
nearly  all  the  numerous  like  documents  of  the 
pioneer  missionaries  and  explorers,  it  has  been 
hitherto  inaccessible  except  to  the  adept ;  never 
translated,  and  even  in  Spanish  available  only 
in  the  inaccurate  version  printed  in  Mexico  in 
1854  and  long  since  out  of  print.  Historically 
precious,  it  was  worth  publicity  even  as  a  hu- 
man document.  An  incomplete  measure  of 
what  Garces  endured  is  suggested  by  the  fact 
that  the  untimely  death  of  his  editor  (himself 
a  veteran  army-surgeon  of  the  frontier)  was 
directly  due  to  a  journey  in  a  Studebaker 
wagon,  with  mess,  shelter,  and  all  the  ameli- 
orations of  loving  companionship,  money,  and 
a  close-at-hand  railroad,  over  something  like 
one-twentieth  of  the  Southwestern  distances 


174 


THE    DIAL, 


[Sept.  16, 


Garces  trudged,  un-outfitted  and  alone,  a  cen- 
tury and  a  quarter  earlier. 

The  text  of  this  old-fashioned  traveller's 
diary  is  carefully  "  compared  "  with  the  three 
known  versions,  and  annotated  exhaustively. 
Of  the  more  than  600  pages  in  these  volumes, 
over  half  are  occupied  by  the  illuminative 
commentary.  The  52-page  index  is  perhaps 
the  least  complete  member  of  the  work.  It 
omits  the  Rudo  Ensayo,  the  Apostolicos 
Afanes,  Acoma,  the  Cronica  Serafica,  and 
other  vital  references. 

The  translation,  as  a  whole,  is  scrupulously 
exact,  though  with  some  serious  flaws.  The 
marvel  is,  to  those  who  know  the  field  and 
knew  Dr.  Coues  in  it,  that  these  flaws  are  so 
few.  His  acquaintance  with  Spanish  was  by 
no  means  intimate.  Except  for  his  natural 
and  trained  gift  as  a  lexicographer,  and  his 
insatiable  conscientiousness,  the  translation  of 
this  rather  esoteric  "  source  "  must  have  been 
a  monumental  failure ;  with  them,  it  is  an  as- 
tonishing success.  Barring  a  few  errors  which 
are  not  vital  to  the  historic  value  of  the  record, 
it  is  admirable  throughout.  The  astounding 
misconception  (p.  xxii.)  of  the  virtue  of 
Spanish  accents ;  a  good  many  renderings  too 
loose,  and  as  many  too  "  tight "  —  but  none 
essential  in  broad  understanding  of  the  text  — 
indicate  how  much  this  translation  must  have 
cost  its  author.  There  is  a  certain  tang  in 
retaining  the  Spanish  words  which  have  be- 
come (over  a  million  square  miles,  at  least) 
part  of  our  vernacular — like  "  mesa,"  "  canon," 
"  arroyo,"  "  pueblo,"  and  the  like.  To  trans- 
late them  nowadays  would  be  absurd  and  con- 
fusing. But  there  is  no  reason  why  "  Espan- 
oles"  is  better  than  "Spaniards,"  or  "  aguage" 
than  "  water-hole,"  or  "  parage  "  than  "  stop- 
ping-place "  —  and  printed  without  even  an 
italic  to  show  that  it  is  par-dh-kc,  and  not  some 
orphaned  relative  of  "  disparage."  "  Canal 
de  Santa  Barbara  "  is  particularly  needless  and 
misleading  for  "  Santa  Barbara  Channel." 

for  las  jornadas  acostumbradas  means  not 
"  by  the  usual  route  "  but  "  by  the  accustomed 
stages  "  (Jornada,  day's  journey).  Estamos 
buenos  can  no  more  mean  "  we  are  good  "  than 
it  could  mean  "we  have  indigestion."  It  is 
the  cast-iron  Spanish  for  "  we  are  well."  The 
fanciful  misapprehension  of  la  gente  (p.  230) 
is  barely  short  of  absurd ;  and  a  very  few 
other  equal  blunders  are  to  be  noted  ;  yet  after 
a  punctual  reading  I  cannot  recall  another 
document  of  our  Spanish-Americana  on  the 
whole  so  soundly  translated. 


As  for  the  connotation,  it  is  Coues  at  his 
best.  Barring  a  few  needless  and  not  really 
critical  flings  at  Garces's  creed,  it  is  as  masterly 
as  readable.  Amid  the  voluminous  notes,  per- 
haps the  most  broadly  interesting  are  those 
which  (in  gentle  humor,  but  strict  justice)  bring 
to  book  General  Simpson's  truly  astounding 
blunders  of  "  facsimile  "  and  translation  of  the 
historic  epigraphs  of  "  Inscription  Rock  "  in 
Western  New  Mexico.  There  is  perhaps,  in 
all  our  scientific  annals,  no  deadlier  example 
of  the  perils  of  guess-work.  For  more  than 
forty  years  General  Simpson  was  easily  first 
among  "  American "  students  of  the  South- 
west, and  his  major  premises  will  endure ; 
but  his  El  Morro  experience  warns  us  to  take 
an  expert's  word  only  in  so  far  as  he  is  expert, 
and  not  in  his  hearsay  conclusions. 

CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS. 


DEMOCRACY  AND  EMPIRE.* 

A  timely  contribution  to  the  current  dis- 
cussion of  the  probabilities  as  to  the  outcome 
of  the  American  experiment  in  democratic 
government,  and  the  dangers  supposed  to  lurk 
in  what  is  called  "  Imperialism  "  as  applied  to 
American  policies,  is  furnished  by  Dr.  F.  H. 
Giddings,  Professor  of  Sociology  in  Columbia 
University.  Grouping  together  a  number  of 
addresses  and  papers  prepared  by  him  during 
recent  years,  he  has  published  them  in  a  vol- 
ume under  the  title  of  "  Democracy  and  Em- 
pire." The  series  is  devoted  mainly  to  scientific 
explanations  of  the  workings  of  democracy  in 
various  directions,  the  point  of  view  being  that 
of  the  student  of  sociology.  There  is  but  a 
minimum  of  the  book  devoted  to  a  discussion 
of  "  Empire,"  only  three  of  the  twenty  essays 
being  apparently  inspired  by  the  recent  Amer- 
ican problems  concerning  Expansion.  But  the 
entire  collection  of  essays  is  pertinent  to  these 
problems,  for  it  is  the  office  of  the  whole  to 
instruct  the  reader  concerning  the  normal  op- 
erations of  democratic  government  in  general, 
and  of  the  American  experiment  in  particular. 

The  author's  treatment  of  his  subject  is  syn- 
thetic rather  than  analytic,  as  is  natural  in 
the  case  of  a  collection  of  papers  prepared  at 
different  dates  and  for  various  purposes.  Those 
who  wish  to  analyze  them  will  find  him  treat- 
ing of  three  distinct  phases  of  the  general  sub- 
ject, namely:  (1)  Democracy  subjective,  its 

•DEMOCRACY  AND  EMPIKK.  By  Franklin  Henry  Qiddinga. 
New  York:  The  Macmillan  Company. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


175 


standards  and  its  aims ;  (2)  Democracy  active, 
dealing  with  practical  modern  problems  of  life 
and  government ;  (3)  Democracy's  promises 
for  the  future  of  the  United  States.  The  mode 
of  treatment  throughout  is  scientific.  The  es- 
sayist searches  for  and  elucidates  the  facts  of 
his  case ;  and  to  these,  all  questions  of  senti- 
ment are  fearlessly  subordinated.  It  frequently 
follows  that  fine-spun  political  theories  are  seen 
to  be  devoid  of  substantial  basis. 

Democracy  being  simply  a  society  organized 
for  purposes  of  government,  Professor  Giddings 
applies  to  its  operations  the  same  principles 
that  he  has  found  governing  the  movements  of 
societies  in  general.  The  data  furnished  by 
Sociology  ought  to  furnish  a  guide  for  the 
study  of  democratic  government.  As  men 
habitually  act  in  all  ordinary  associated  move- 
ments, they  may  be  expected  to  act  when  asso- 
ciating together  politically.  Sociology  teaches 
that  the  element  which  primarily  distinguishes 
humanity  in  society,  and  enables  it  to  become 
homogeneous,  to  act  as  one,  and  to  accomplish 
joint  ends  and  purposes,  is  like-mindedness,  or 
mental  homogeneity.  This  thought  recurs  fre- 
quently in  Professor  Giddings's  essays.  Politi- 
cal societies,  like  all  others,  crystallize  around 
a  common  sentiment  or  aggregation  of  opinions. 
"  On  no  other  basis  can  a  political  system  rest," 
says  our  essayist.  "  There  must  be  unanimity 
of  feeling  and  opinion  upon  all  fundamental 
questions  of  government  and  policy.  All  dif- 
ferences and  contentions  must  be  subordinate 
to  the  essential,  fundamental  unity  of  thought." 
A  fair  example  of  the  workings  of  this  prin- 
ciple is  seen  in  the  experience  of  the  American 
people,  in  the  establishment  and  maintenance 
of  their  unique  form  of  democratic  government. 

But  "  absolute  like-mindedness  would  be  the 
social  Nirvana,"  says  Professor  Giddings. 
"  What  becomes,  then,  of  progress  ?  Is  that 
a  scientific  description  of  society  which  fails  to 
give  any  account  of  variation  ?  "  This  part  of 
the  problem,  also,  is  elucidated  by  our  essayist. 
A  like-minded  society  may  be  progressive,  and 
new  feelings  and  thoughts  and  purposes  may 
be  introduced  to  the  extent  that  they  can  be 
assimilated  into  and  made  part  of  the  homo- 
geneity without  destroying  it  entirely  ;  leaven- 
ing the  mass  without  causing  it  to  explode. 
For  a  near  example  of  a  historical  process  illus- 
trative of  this  part  of  his  thesis,  our  author 
might  have  referred  to  the  action  of  the  fathers 
of  the  republic.  They  were  at  once  conserva- 
tive and  progressive.  They  were  like-minded 
in  their  devotion  to  local  self-government.  The 


novel  feature  of  a  strong  national  government 
federating  together  thirteen  States  and  thereby 
preserving  and  more  fully  developing  local  self- 
government,  has  now  become  fully  assimilated; 
and  a  larger,  broader,  and  stronger  homo- 
geneity is  now  the  distinguishing  feature  of 
the  American  democracy. 

Such  is  the  ordinary  gradual  progress  by 
which  most  of  the  world's  great  forward  move- 
ments are  characterized.  But  there  is  another 
form  in  which  societies  often  move, — the  revo- 
lutionary. This  is  generally  "  an  impulsive, 
unreasoning  social  action,  like  that  of  the 
mob."  All  great  impulsive  movements  in  a 
democracy  are  of  this  character.  In  its  famili- 
arity with  them,  the  world  has  often  overlooked 
one  of  their  features,  namely,  that  when  dis- 
covered they  are  already  in  operation.  Both 
mobs  and  revolutions  begin  with  violent  and 
impulsive  action  by  the  irresponsible  and  ex- 
citable elements  of  the  people.  Professor 
Giddings  instances  the  Crusades,  which  began, 
not  with  organized  movements  headed  by  great 
commanders,  but  with  the  marchings  of  the 
impulsive  rabble  under  Peter  the  Hermit  and 
Walter  the  Penniless.  Facts  such  as  these, 
not  generally  observed,  mean,  he  says,  "  that, 
at  the  very  outset,  impulsive  social  action  is 
quasi-criminal,  if  not  altogether  criminal;  it 
begins  with  the  violent  acts  of  those  men  who 
are  themselves  least  subject  to  control."  The 
only  remedy  for  this  evil  is  preventive  and 
anticipatory  ;  it  is  "  to  multiply  in  the  commu- 
nity the  number  of  those  men  who  habitually 
subordinate  feeling  to  reason,"  so  as  to  pre- 
serve a  large  and  controlling  element  who  can- 
not be  stampeded. 

Thus  Professor  Giddings  has  illustrated  not 
only  the  statics  but  the  dynamics  of  Democ- 
racy. His  searching  studies  of  its  character- 
istics in  both  respects  are  in  forcible  contrast 
to  the  superficial  observations  of  many  other 
essayists.  Sir  Henry  Maine,  for  instance,  in 
his  "  Popular  Government  "  said  :  "  By  a  wise 
constitution,  Democracy  may  be  made  nearly 
as  calm  as  water  in  a  great  artificial  reservoir  ; 
but  if  there  is  a  weak  point  anywhere  in  the 
structure,  the  mighty  force  which  it  controls 
will  burst  through  it  and  spread  destruction 
far  and  near."  Maine  skimmed  lightly  over 
the  surface  of  his  subject ;  Giddings  has 
searched  its  depths. 

It  would  be  impossible  in  this  review  to  ex- 
press the  full  value  of  these  essays.  They  must 
be  read  at  length  to  be  fairly  appreciated. 
The  remedies  for  the  evils  to  which  Democracy 


176 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


is  seen  to  be  prone  are  suggested  again  and 
again,  in  their  application  both  to  individuals 
and  societies.  The  Ethical  Motive,  ascertained 
with  reference  to  individuals,  and  traced  in  its 
influences,  leads  to  and  illustrates  one  of  the 
positive  doctrines  of  Sociology,  namely,  that 
the  whole  nature  of  the  man  should  be  devel- 
oped harmoniously,  in  all  his  social,  political, 
and  business  relations.  The  law  of  true  pro- 
gress in  society,  political  or  otherwise,  requires 
a  like  development  in  each  individual,  avoiding 
all  excesses  of  competition,  rush  for  wealth, 
and  shirking  of  honest  toil,  and  seeking  the 
greatest  good  of  the  greatest  number.  The 
Gospel  of  Non-Resistance,  lifted  out  of  the 
limitations  set  by  Tolstoi  and  applied  in  its 
spirit  to  nations  and  their  affairs,  is  found  to 
promote  the  habit  of  non-aggression,  and  thus 
gradually  to  lead  to  the  time  when  non-resist- 
ance will  become  unnecessary.  The  essayist 
seems  to  rise  to  the  height  of  his  great  argu- 
ment in  the  chapter  on  "  The  Ideals  of  Na- 
tions," which  is  a  comprehensive  summary  of 
the  "  Philosophy  of  Universal  History." 

It  scarcely  need  be  suggested  that  Professor 
Giddings  is  an  optimist,  and  in  the  "  expan- 
sion "  which  distinguishes  our  recent  national 
operations  he  sees  merely  the  working  of  a 
force  within  the  nation,  operating,  as  it  were, 
automatically,  and  therefore  to  be  diagnosed 
as  normal  rather  than  abnormal.  If  this  na- 
tional disposition  is  to  be  called  "imperialism  " 
(which  term  our  essayist  discusses  with  an  in- 
terrogation point  "  ?  "),  it  is  still  but  a  national 
trait,  to  be  recognized,  not  antagonized.  The 
truth,  he  says,  is  simply  this  :  "  The  American 
population  of  seventy  million  or  more  souls  is 
at  this  moment  the  most  stupendous  reservoir 
of  seething  energy  to  be  found  on  any  conti- 
nent." This  energy  cannot  be  confined ;  it 
must  have  its  outlet ;  it  may  be  directed  and 
managed  ;  how  worse  than  useless  to  restrict  or 
control  it !  If  it  does  indeed  demand  the  earth 
as  its  field,  this  does  not  merit  despair.  Let  it 
be  called  "  Imperialism  "  if  it  does  not  cease 
to  be  Democratic.  The  minute  studies  made 
into  the  statics  and  dynamics  of  American  de- 
mocracy do  not  forbid  the  hope  or  the  expec- 
tation that  it  may  with  equal  success  be  more 
largely  expanded,  with  the  result  of  a  "  Demo- 
cratic Empire."  In  this  sense,  Professor 
Giddings  betrays  no  fear  of  the  operations  of 
"  Democratic  Imperialism."  It  may  be  that 
Democracy  can  eliminate  from  the  Imperialism 
of  the  old  form  everything  except  the  vastness 
of  its  domain.  Then  we  shall  witness  "  The 


Democratic  Empire "  of  which  our  essayist 
writes  in  his  first  chapter.  He  emulates  the 
familiarity  with  which  the  Fathers  of  the  Re- 
public, at  the  very  time  of  founding  our  Fed- 
eral system  of  government,  spoke  of  it  as  an 
Empire  in  futuro  ;  witness  the  typical  demo- 
crat James  Madison,  who  at  the  outset  of  his 
contributions  to  "  The  Federalist,"  saw,  in  his 
mind's  eye,  "  one  great,  respectable,  and  flour- 
ishing empire."  JAMEs  OSCAR  PIERCE. 


STUDIES  IN  TAXATION  AND  GOVERNMENT.* 


Taxation,  according  to  the  late  David  A.  Wells, 
is  "  the  most  vital  question  which  can  concern  a 
citizen";  "the  subject  is  one  of  transcendent  im- 
portance, perhaps  more  universally  important  than 
any  other  that  can  invite  public  attention  ";  it  has 
to  do  with  "  a  class  of  transactions  which,  more 
than  almost  any  other,  are  determinative  of  the 
distribution  of  wealth,  the  forms  in  which  industry 
shall  be  exerted,  and  the  sphere  of  personal  liberty." 
Again,  we  read  that  this  subject  "  really  constitutes 
more  than  almost  any  other  element  the  essence  of 
history,  and  that  the  record  of  the  results  that  have 
followed  the  attempts  to  establish  almost  every 
form  of  taxation  that  human  ingenuity  can  devise, 
has  even  in  a  very  high  degree  the  attraction  of 
romance."  This  record  of  those  attempts,  encyclo- 
paedic in  its  range  and  its  disregard  of  system, 
constitutes  a  very  chaos  of  important  historical  and 
legal  facts.  How  well  entitled  the  author  is  to 
speak  with  authority  on  the  subject  of  taxation  is 
illustrated  by  the  circumstance  that  his  chapter  on 
"  Recent  Tax  Experiences  of  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  "  is  almost  wholly  auto- 
biographical, dealing  with  his  own  work  as  Chair- 

*  THE  THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OP  TAXATION.  By  David 
Ames  Wells,  LL.D.,  D.C.L.  New  York:  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

THE  ELEMENTS  OF  PUBLIC  FINANCE.  Including  the 
Monetary  System  of  the  United  States.  By  Winthrop  More 
Daniels,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Political  Economy  in  Princeton 
University.  New  York  :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

STUDIES  IN  STATE  TAXATION.  With  particular  reference 
to  the  Southern  States.  By  Graduates  and  Students  of  the 
Johns  Hopkins  University.  Edited  by  J.  H.  Hollander, 
Ph.D.,  Associate  Professor  of  Finance.  (Johns  Hopkins 
University  Studies  in  Historical  and  Political  Science.  Series 
XVIII.  Nos.  1-2-3-4.)  Baltimore:  Johns  Hopkins  Press. 

THE  ENGLISH  INCOME  TAX.  With  Special  Reference  to 
Administration  and  Method  of  Assessment.  By  Joseph  A. 
Hill,  Ph.  D.  (Economic  Studies,  Vol.  IV.,  Nos.  4-5.)  New 
York :  Published  for  the  American  Economic  Association  by 
The  Macmillan  Co. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  AND  STATE  AID.  An  Essay  on  the 
Effect  on  Local  Administration  and  Finance  of  the  Payment 
to  Local  Authorities  of  the  Proceeds  of  Certain  Imperial 
Taxes.  By  Sydney  J.  Chapman,  M.A.,  (Lond.),  B.A. 
(Cantab.),  Scholar  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  London: 
Swan  Sonnenschein  &  Co.  Imported  by  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons,  New  York. 

OUR  FOES  AT  HOME.    By  Hugh  H.  Lusk.    New  York 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 


1900.J 


THE    DIAL 


177 


man  of  the  Revenue  Commission  and  Special  Com- 
missioner of  the  Revenue  from  1865  to  1870  ; 
while  the  germ  of  another  part  of  the  work  may  be 
found  in  the  reports  of  the  New  York  Tax  Com- 
mission of  1870-72,  of  which  he  was  Chairman. 
Yet  Mr.  Wells  was  unorthodox  in  his  fundamental 
theory  of  taxation,  conceiving  taxes  to  be  "  the 
compensation  which  persons  and  property  pay  the 
State  for  protection,"  or  "  the  equivalent  for  the 
protection  which  the  Government  affords  to  the 
property  of  its  citizens,"  and  implying  that  they 
'should  therefore  be  proportioned  to  the  benefit  re- 
ceived ;  while  most  contemporary  writers  on  taxa- 
tion reject  this  theory  and  hold  that  taxes  should 
be  in  proportion  to  the  ability  to  pay.  It  is  there- 
fore rather  startling  to  find  the  protection  theory  of 
taxation  advanced  as  one  which  is  "  held  by  every 
authority,"  though  it  would  not  be  incorrect  to  say 
that  it  persists  in  the  popular  mind,  being  appar- 
ently in  accord  with  the  general  conception  of  jus- 
tice, while  the  acceptance  of  the  other  theory 
requires  a  less  individualistic  and  more  altruistic 
attitude  of  mind.  Another  theory  of  the  author's 
which  has  never  been  generally  accepted  is  that  all 
taxes  which  are  uniformly  levied  "diffuse  and 
equate  themselves  by  natural  laws  in  the  same 
manner  and  in  the  same  minute  degree  as  all  other 
elements  that  constitute  the  expenses  of  produc- 
tion," so  that  upon  whatever  objects  taxes  are  levied 
in  the  first  instance,  they  will  really  be  paid  by  all 
members  of  the  community  in  proportion  to  their 
expenditures  for  consumption. 

"  Every  dealer  in  domestic  or  imported  merchandise 
keeps  on  hand,  at  all  times,  upon  his  shelves,  a  stock  of 
different  and  accumulated  taxes  —  customs,  internal 
revenue,  State,  school,  and  municipal  —  with  his  goods; 
and  when  we  buy  and  carry  away  an  article  from  any 
store  or  shop,  we  buy  and  carry  away  with  it  the  ac- 
companying and  inherential  taxes." 

"  All  taxation  ultimately  and  necessarily  falls  on 
consumption;  and  the  burden  of  every  man,  under  any 
equitable  system  of  taxation,  and  which  no  effort  will 
enable  him  to  avoid,  will  be  in  the  exact  proportion  or 
ratio  which  his  aggreate  consumption  maintains  to  the 
aggregate  consumption  of  the  taxing  district,  State,  or 
community  of  which  he  is  a  member." 

That  this  is  approximately  true  of  some  taxes 
will  not  be  denied ;  but  that  it  is  equally  true  of  all 
forms  of  taxation  no  one  believes  nowadays  except 
Mr.  Edward  Atkinson,  who  claims  the  honor  of 
having  persuaded  Mr.  Wells. 

To  the  principal  deductions  which  Mr.  Wells 
draws  from  his  two  heterodox  principles  there  need 
be  little  exception  taken  ;  for  they  are  simply  (1) 
that  property  should  be  taxed  only  by  the  State  and 
taxing  district  in  which  it  is  situated,  and  (2)  that 
it  is  unnecessary  to  tax  everything  in  order  to  bring 
about  a  just  distribution  of  the  burden.  One  sus- 
pects that  the  unnecessarily  far-reaching  principles 
may  have  been  formulated  in  the  author's  mind  for 
the  sake  of  these  practical  conclusions.  The  general 
property  tax  of  the  United  States,  which  attempts 


to  tax  nearly  everything  and  taxes  personal  pro- 
perty wherever  the  owner  resides,  is  condemned  as 
"  the  most  imperfect  system  of  taxation  that  ever 
existed."  Mr.  Wells  would  limit  taxation  to  tan- 
gible property,  and  perhaps  to  real  estate ;  and 
would  supplement  it  by  a  tax  on  building  occu- 
pancy, or  rentals,  and  by  taxing  corporations  on 
their  franchises.  It  is  unfortunate  that  he  did  not 
develop  these  proposals  more  fully,  as  perhaps  he 
might  have  done  if  he  had  lived  a  few  months 
longer;  though  other  parts  of  the  book  would  have 
been  improved  by  condensation.  After  the  author's 
death  the  duty  of  seeing  the  work  through  the  press 
fell  upon  Mr.  Worthington  C.  Ford. 

The  attempt  to  discuss  historically  and  philo- 
sophically the  entire  subject  of  public  finance, 
"including  the  monetary  system  of  the  United 
States,"  within  less  than  four  hundred  pages  of 
small  size,  is  not  calculated  to  arouse  great  expec- 
tations ;  but  in  the  case  of  Professor  Daniels'  text- 
book the  impression  made  upon  the  reader  is  one  of 
surprise  that  the  subject  should  be  so  well  treated 
in  so  small  a  volume.  The  author  is  an  adept  in 
condensation  ;  and  his  independence  and  freshness 
of  thought  and  his  facility  of  expression  combine  to 
make  his  work  interesting  and  perspicuous.  Of 
course,  the  treatment  is  only  cursory ;  the  part  de- 
voted to  "  Government  Outlay  "  contains  little 
more  than  illustrative  statistics  of  government  ex- 
penditure, and  the  one  hundred  and  fifty  pages 
devoted  to  taxation  are  too  few  to  permit  a  dis- 
cussion of  all  the  taxes  included  in  a  modern  fiscal 
system.  A  reviewer  disposed  to  be  hypercritical 
might  go  on  to  say  that  where  the  space  was  so 
limited  there  was  scarcely  room  for  a  digression  of 
eleven  pages  on  the  development  of  privately- 
owned  railways,  even  though  it  led  up  to  a  discus- 
sion of  government  ownership  more  germaine  to 
the  general  subject;  and  that  the  problems  con- 
nected with  railways  and  municipal  monopolies  are 
not  most  appropriately  treated  under  the  head  of 
"Government  Income."  To  this  it  might  be  added 
that  the  sources  from  which  the  author  derives  his 
facts  are  not  always  the  most  authoritative  or  of 
the  latest  possible  date.  The  inclusion  of  a  chap- 
ter on  the  currency  system  will  not  tend  to  lessen 
the  existing  popular  confusion  between  monetary 
science  and  finance,  but  the  author  does  succeed  in 
relating  this  chapter  to  the  rest  of  the  book  by  con- 
sidering coinage  and  the  issue  of  paper  money  as 
among  the  necessary  functions  of  government.  It 
would  be  hardly  fair  to  take  exception  to  the  argu- 
ment in  points  of  detail,  because  the  author  has  not 
allowed  himself  space  to  state  his  positions  on  con- 
troverted questions  fully ;  so  it  will  suffice  to  call 
attention  to  his  interesting  and  not  unsuccessful 
attempt  to  formulate  canons  of  customs  taxation 
applicable  alike  to  protectionist  and  free-trade 
tariffs,  and  to  his  conservative  attitude  toward  all 
proposals  to  extend  governmental  functions.  On 
the  railway  question,  for  example,  while  admitting 


178 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


that  "laws  limiting  rates  and  dividends  are  uni- 
versally ineffectual,  and  laws  against  unjust  dis- 
crimination are  frequently  evaded  or  defied,"  and 
"  that  a  certain  persistence  of  unjust  discrimination 
as  well  as  of  competitive  waste  seems  under  present 
circumstances  to  be  inevitable,"  he  marshals  such 
a  formidable  array  of  the  evils  which  would  follow 
upon  public  ownership  that  he 

"  Puzzles  the  will. 
And  makes  us  rather  bear  those  ills  we  have." 

To  the  series  of  monographs  on  the  finances  of 
particular  States,  appearing  from  time  to  time  from 
one  or  another  of  the  universities,  Johns  Hopkins 
contributes  a  collection  of  short  studies  of  the  tax- 
ing systems  of  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Kansas, 
Mississippi,  and  Georgia,  written  respectively  by 
Dr.  Thomas  S.  Adams,  Mr.  George  E.  Barnett, 
Mr.  Elbert  J.  Benton,  Dr.  Charles  H.  Brough,  and 
Dr.  Laurence  F.  Schmeckebier.  The  five  papers 
originated  in  informal  class  reports,  prepared  by 
the  authors  as  students  in  the  university,  which 
proved  so  interesting  as  to  make  it  worth  while  to 
elaborate  and  publish  them.  A  uniform  plan  of 
treatment  was  adopted,  in  accordance  with  which 
each  essay  opens  with  a  description  of  the  economic 
or  industrial  characteristics  of  the  State,  followed 
in  turn  by  a  sketch  of  its  general  financial  system, 
an  historical  account  of  the  development  of  taxation, 
an  examination  of  the  various  taxes  now  employed, 
and,  finally,  a  critical  conclusion  containing  sug- 
gestions for  reform,  and  a  "bibliographical  note." 
The  suggestions  offered  are  uniformly  conservative, 
not  proposing  to  do  away  at  once  with  the  general 
property  tax,  whatever  its  faults,  but  only  to  elim- 
inate its  most  glaring  defects  and  supplement  it 
with  other  sources  of  revenue,  such  as  inheritance, 
income,  and  general  corporation  taxes.  It  is  no- 
ticeable that  in  four  cases  out  of  five  progressive 
rates  are  favored.  "  If  the  several  essays  possess 
any  particular  significance,  and  if  there  be  any 
unity  underlying  the  volume,"  Professor  Hollander 
says  by  way  of  introduction,  "  it  is  as  emphasizing 
the  impracticability  of  any  universal  application  of 
commonly  accepted  principles  of  tax  reform." 

Dr.  Joseph  A.  Hill  has  made  a  most  exhaustive 
and  painstaking  study  of  the  English  income  tax, 
both  by  personal  inquiries  made  on  the  ground  in 
1897  for  the  Massachusetts  Tax  Commission,  and 
by  examination  of  published  materials.  After  a 
brief  historical  introduction,  he  gives  an  account  of 
the  five  schedules  or  divisions  into  which  the  tax  is 
divided  for  convenience  of  assessment  and  collec- 
tion at  the  sources  of  income,  and  then  takes  up 
the  machinery  and  process  of  assessment  in  much 
detail.  Where  the  principle  of  "  stoppage  at 
source  "  cannot  be  applied,  as  in  the  case  of  income 
from  trades  and  professions  and  from  foreign  in- 
vestments, the  English  income  tax  is  subject  to 
evasion  much  as  other  income  and  property  taxes 
are ;  but  Dr.  Hill  finds  good  reasons  for  believing 
that  the  assessment  is  becoming  more  efficient  and 
complete,  and  regards  the  tax  on  the  whole  as  fairly 


satisfactory.  There  are  features  of  administration 
connected  with  the  English  income  tax  which  ought 
to  prove  suggestive  to  American  legislators ;  such, 
for  example,  as  the  system  of  supervision  by  in- 
spectors and  surveyors  of  the  assessments  made  by 
local  boards,  which  results  practically  in  effective 
central  control  without  violating  the  principle  of 
local  self-government. 

The  question  of  the  relation  between  local  and 
general  finances,  discussed  by  Mr.  Sydney  J. 
Chapman,  is  a  live  issue  in  Great  Britian,  and  has 
occasionally  been  raised  in  this  country  also,  as  by 
the  recent  Massachusetts  Tax  Commission  ;  but  to 
most  American  readers  the  most  suggestive  part  of 
Mr.  Chapman's  book  will  be  the  discussion  of  the 
distribution  of  work  between  local  and  central 
governments,  by  which  he  approaches  the  fiscal 
problem.  Starting  from  the  principles  that  matters 
chiefly  of  local  interest  must  be  undertaken  by 
local  governments,  and  those  chiefly  of  national 
interest  by  the  central  government,  and  that  the 
distribution  of  functions  must  be  made  according 
to  the  capacities  and  efficiencies  of  the  governing 
bodies,  he  concludes  that  "  the  matters  assigned  to 
local  bodies  should  be  those  in  which  local  knowl- 
edge is  requisite,  minute  supervision  essential,  and 
the  cooperation  of  private  and  governmental  agen- 
cies likely  to  be  of  appreciable  value ;  and  those  in 
which  the  need  for  uniformity  is  least  evident,  or  in 
which  even  diversity  in  administration  is  desirable." 

0  Finally,  we  must  notice  that  local  governments 
have  a  wonderful  power  of  adapting  themselves  to  cir- 
cumstances. By  undertaking  a  higher  quality  of  work 
they  attract  to  their  boards  higher  ability.  Hence  dif- 
ficult undertakings  calling  for  tact,  large  knowledge, 
and  perhaps  some  genius,  which  cannot  at  first  be  safely 
placed  in  the  hands  of  local  bodies  without  the  most 
zealous  supervision,  may  in  a  few  years  be  wholly 
handed  over  to  them  with  perfect  confidence." 

As  between  the  two  ethical  principles  that  those 
interested  should  bear  the  cost  of  governmental 
operations  in  proportion  to  their  interests,  and  that 
the  burden  of  cost  should  be  distributed  according 
to  ability  to  bear  it,  Mr.  Chapman  decides  that  "  in 
States  approximating  to  confederacies,  the  first  is 
the  fundamental  rule,  but  in  those  more  closely  re- 
sembling unitary  bodies  politic  the  second  has  the 
superior  claim."  His  practical  conclusions  regard- 
ing State  financial  aid  to  localities  are  that  the 
policy  of  subventions  is  a  very  doubtful  policy  at 
best,  and  that  the  existing  English  system  is  espec- 
ially unreasonable.  He  would  much  prefer  a  sys- 
tem of  self-sufficient  local  taxation. 

Mr.  Hugh  H.  Lusk,  formerly  a  member  of  the 
New  Zealand  Parliament,  has  recently  become 
known  to  the  reading  public  of  America  as  a  con- 
tributor to  the  magazines  and  reviews.  His  resi- 
dence in  America  and  his  observations  of  social 
conditions  here  have  led  him  to  make  certain  com- 
parisions  between  the  United  States  and  New 
Zealand,  especially  as  to  economic  tendencies  and 
the  legislative  treatment  of  important  public  ques- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


179 


tions ;  and  these  studies  he  has  published  under 
the  curious  title  of  "  Our  Foes  at  Home."  The 
foes  referred  to  seem  to  be  the  landowners  and 
capitalists  of  America,  and  above  all  the  trusts,  in 
which  Mr.  Lusk  sees  no  possibility  of  good  except 
the  ultimate  downfall  he  predicts  for  them  — which, 
however,  is  not  to  be  brought  about  easily  or  soon, 
but  only  when  the  evil  becomes  so  great  that  men 
will  endure  it  no  longer.  If  the  author  is  pessi- 
mistic when  writing  of  America,  he  is  nothing  if 
not  an  optimist  when  writing  of  the  social  experi- 
ments of  New  Zealand  ;  and  it  is  much  to  be  hoped 
that  there  is  better  foundation  for  his  optimism 
than  for  his  pessimism.  At  any  rate,  the  chapters 
in  which  he  relates  New  Zealand's  experiences  are  of 
much  more  value  than  those  in  which  he  merely  ex- 
presses his  fears  concerning  America  ;  and  it  may  be 
considered  unfortunate  that  there  are  fewer  of  the 
former  than  of  the  latter.  Yet  many  of  New  Zea- 
land's interesting  experiments  are  briefly  described, 
from  the  instructive  land  policy  and  the  progressive 
tax  on  land  to  compulsory  arbitration  and  old  age 
pensions.  The  success  of  the  labor  legislation  is 
attributed  largely  to  the  observance  of  two  prin- 
ciples :  (1)  that  the  supervision  or  enforcement  of 
the  law  must  be  largely  or  wholly  committed  to 
the  class  for  whose  protection  it  is  designed,  and 
(2  )  that  the  penalties  for  its  violation  must  be  such 
as  appeal  with  special  force  to  the  class  of  persons 
likely  to  incur  them.  The  claim  that  government 
ownership  is  unfavorable  to  enterprise  is  met  by 
statistics  showing  that  the  government  of  New 
Zealand  has  built  more  lines  of  railroad  per  capita 
of  population  than  the  railway  companies  of 
America,  and  that  the  extent  of  telegraph  lines 
and  the  number  of  messages  sent  are  both  between 
three  and  four  times  as  great  in  proportion  to 
population  in  Australasia  as  in  America.  In  all 
New  Zealand's  legislative  experiments,  Mr.  Lusk 
says  in  explanation  of  their  success,  the  interests 
of  the  people  as  a  whole  were  considered,  and  not 
those  of  any  one  class :  the  interests  of  the  millionaire 
and  the  great  land-owner  were  no  more  considered 
than  those  of  the  laboring  man  or  of  the  home-seeker. 
The  book  contains  much  that  is  of  interest,  but  it 
cannot  be  recommended  as  a  work  of  reference 
because  there  is  no  index  and  no  very  serviceable 
table  of  contents.  MAX  WEST. 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS. 


Brief  history 
of  Modern 
Spain. 


Mr.  Martin  A.  S.  Hume  is  well  quali- 
fied by  his  studies  of  Spanish  life  and 
history  to  write  the  monograph  on 
"  Modern  Spain  "  in  the  "  Stories  of  the  Nations  " 
(Putnam).  As  is  but  natural  in  a  work  necessarily 
brief,  attention  is  primarily  directed  toward  purely 
political  history,  the  result  being  a  very  readable 
story  of  wars,  changes  in  government,  and  political 
intrigues  from  the  time  of  Charles  IV.,  to  the  pres- 
ent day.  If  in  addition  to  this  the  author  had  been 


able  to  present  concisely  and  impressively  an  analy- 
sis of  those  tendencies  in  Spanish  character  and  in- 
stitutions which,  for  more  than  mere  political  events, 
have  influenced  the  development  of  modern  Spain, 
he  would  have  produced  a  really  notable  book.  No 
proper  understanding  of  Spanish  history  is  possible 
without  a  knowledge  of  the  separatist  and  local  ten- 
dencies of  the  provinces  of  Spain,  of  the  perpetua- 
tion of  old  historical  differences,  of  the  distinct  race 
feeling,  all  working  against  harmonious  national  ac- 
tion. Spain  has,  in  fact,  always  lacked  that  sense  of 
a  solidarity  of  interests  which  has  been  so  potent  a 
force  in  creating  the  present  day  nationalities  of 
Europe.  Ignorant  provincial  jealousies  have  yielded 
to  united  effort  only  in  resistance  to  an  outward  foe, 
stimulated  by  a  certain  pride  in  the  hazily  remem- 
bered greatness  of  the  nation  centuries  ago.  Of 
the  political  history  of  Spain,  as  given  by  Mr. 
Hume,  there  is  little  to  be  said  save  that  it  is  well 
written  and  interesting  and  arranged  in  an  orderly 
manner.  The  most  entertaining  portion  of  the  book 
is  that  dealing  with  the  character  and  activities  of 
the  Regent  Christina,  wife  of  Ferdinand  VII. ;  and 
here  possibly  the  author  differs  from  other  histori- 
ans. His  portraiture  of  Christina  makes  her  more 
gentle,  more  lovable,  more  truly  patriotic  and 
womanly  than  other  writers  have  pictured  her. 
Her  sister  Carlotta,  wife  of  the  second  brother  of 
Ferdinand  VII.,  is  made  the  real  factor  in  securing 
and  maintaining  the  famous  Frogmatic  Sanction 
which  inaugurated  the  Carlist  wars.  Christina  is 
also  acquitted  of  the  charge  of  double-dealing  in 
her  conflict  with  Espartero  in  1840,  for,  according 
to  Mr.  Hume,  she  was  at  least  technically  within 
her  constitutional  right  in  refusing  to  set  aside  by 
royal  edict  a  law  previously  passed  by  the  Cortez. 
Indeed,  she  could  not  legally  do  this.  The  contro- 
versy in  question  marked  the  beginning  of  an  or- 
ganized liberal  party  in  Spain,  and  the  impress 
then  given  to  it,  and  to  all  Spanish  liberal  move- 
ments, still  exists  in  Spanish  politics.  The  liberals 
turned  to  revolution  and  lawlessness  as  the  shortest 
road  to  securing  their  aims,  a  plan  readily  adopted 
by  the  party  in  opposition ;  so  that  from  that  time 
to  this,  revolution  has  always  been  a  certain  re- 
source in  times  of  political  discontent.  Mr.  Hume 
considers  this  readiness  to  appeal  to  riot  the  key- 
note to  Spanish  character,  inbred  in  the  spirit  of 
the  nation,  and  constituting  the  greatest  danger  to 
the  proper  development  of  the  Spanish  state. 


The  strange  case 
of  Mile.  Smith. 


Professor  Th.  Flournoy's  curious 
book,  "  From  India  to  the  Planet 
Mars,"  an  account  of  the  author's 
experiments  with  the  noted  "  Geneva  Medium," 
"  He"lene  Smith,"  now  in  its  third  French  edition, 
has  been  translated  into  English  by  Daniel  B. 
Vermilye,  and  is  published  in  a  comely  volume  by 
the  Messrs.  Harper.  The  author  is  Professor  of 
Psychology  at  Geneva  University,  and  "  Helene 
Smith,"  it  may  be  well  to  say,  is  a  pseudonym. 
Professor  Flournoy  first  met  "Mile.  Smith"  in 


180 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


1894,  and  since  that  date  has  been  an  interested 
student  of  her  personality  and  performances  — 
which  are  certainly  remarkable  enough  even  from 
the  most  common-sense  point  of  view.  "  Mile. 
Smith  "  (we  learn)  has  "  no  fewer  than  three  dis- 
tinct somnambulistic  romances,"  two  of  them  con- 
nected with  the  "  spiritistic "  idea  of  previous 
existences;  for  it  has  been  "  revealed  "  that  "Mile. 
Smith "  has  already  lived  twice  before  on  this 
globe,  once  as  the  daughter  of  an  Arab  sheik  and 
favorite  wife  of  a  Hindoo  prince  of  Kanara  (temp. 
1401),  and  again,  in  the  last  century,  as  Marie 
Antoinette.  "  Again  reincarnated,"  says  Professor 
Flournoy  gravely,  "  as  a  punishment  for  her  sins 
and  [for]  the  perfecting  of  her  character,  in  the 
humble  circumstances  of  He'lene  Smith,  she  in  cer- 
tain somnambulistic  states  recovers  the  memory  of 
her  glorious  avatars  of  old,  and  becomes  again  for 
the  moment  Hindoo  princess  or  queen  of  France." 
Thus,  let  us  add  in  plain  terms,  "Mile.  Smith" 
is,  in  a  sense,  at  one  and  the  same  time  a  sort  of 
mental  or  mnemonic  composite  of  Princess  Siman- 
dini  (circa  1400),  "Madame  Veto"  (guillotined 
in  1793),  and  "  He'lene  Smith,"  bookkeeper  for  a 
Geneva  firm  and  amateur  medium  —  for,  it  is  fair 
to  say,  "  Mile.  Smith  "  takes  no  pay  for  her  per- 
formances. But  this  is  not  all,  for  in  her  "  third 
romance,"  or  "  Martian  cycle"  as  the  author  calls 
it,  "Mile.  Smith,"  by  virtue  of  the  "  mediumistic 
faculties  which  are  the  appanage  and  the  consola- 
tion of  her  present  life,  has  been  able  to  enter  into 
relation  with  the  people  and  affairs  of  the  planet 
Mars,  and  to  unveil  their  mysteries  to  us."  To  the 
plain  reader  all  this  will  probably  seem  sheer 
lunacy  or  sheer  humbug ;  but  we  hasten  to  say  that 
to  all  who  can  take  a  serious  interest  in  its  subject- 
matter  Professor  Flournoy's  book  will  doubtless 
appear  as  important  as  interesting. 

The  first  volume  of  Bailey's  "  Cy- 
clopaedia of  American  Horticulture  " 
(Macmillan)  was  reviewed  in  THE 
DIAL  of  April  16  last.  In  that  review  the  general 
scope  and  tone  of  this  twentieth  century  cyclopaedia 
were  indicated,  as  well  as  the  qualifications  of  Pro- 
fessor Bailey  for  undertaking  such  an  enterprise. 
There  is  nothing  more  to  be  said  in  reference  to 
the  second  volume,  which  has  now  appeared,  further 
than  that  the  high  standard  set  by  the  first  has 
been  more  than  maintained  in  the  second.  A  second 
volume,  appearing  at  an  interval  after  the  first,  is 
usually  the  better  on  account  of  the  experience 
which  the  first  has  brought.  The  present  volume 
begins  with  "  Earth  nut "  and  ends  with  "  Myrtus," 
and  contains  544  pages.  The  work  of  illustration 
continues  most  excellent,  and  the  half-tones  from 
photographs  are  fine  examples  of  the  engraver's 
art.  The  plate  of  muskmelons,  for  example,  is 
particularly  clear  in  detail.  A  timely  article  on 
mushrooms  is  written  by  Professor  Atkinson  of 
Cornell,  as  an  appendix  to  which  are  cultural  notes 
by  several  practical  mushroom  growers.  It  is  a 


Cycloptedia  of 
Horticulture 
in  America. 


wonder  that  this  enterprise  has  been  no  more  de- 
veloped in  this  country.  Two  articles  by  Professor 
Barnes  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  one  upon 
Fertilization,  the  other  upon  Flowers,  are  good  ex- 
amples of  the  morphological  standard  of  the  work. 
They  are  clear  and  complete,  and  written  from  the 
most  modern  standpoint.  The  treatment  of  the 
States  from  the  horticultural  standpoint  is  of  great 
interest  and  importance  to  many.  It  so  happens 
that  the  present  volume  contains  a  goodly  number 
of  such  papers,  and  among  the  States  is  Illinois, 
whose  horticultural  output  and  possibilities  are 
stated  by  Professor  J.  C.  Blair  of  the  Experiment 
Station  at  Champaign.  It  is  hard  to  see  how 
those  interested  in  plants,  either  from  the  technical 
or  cultural  standpoint,  could  find  a  better  cyclo- 
paedia of  general  and  accurate  information  than 
Professor  Bailey  is  providing.  Two  more  volumes 
will  complete  the  work. 

The  completion  of  Ifc  is  with  gr.eat  satisfaction  that  we 
the  Dictionary  of  place  the  third  and  concluding  vol- 

PolUical  Economy.  ume  of  Mr    R    R    Inglig  palgrave'8 

"  Dictionary  of  Political  Economy  "  (Macmillan ) 
beside  its  fellows  upon  the  reference  shelf.  The 
work  has  been  twelve  years  in  making,  although 
only  three  were  allotted  it  at  the  start,  and  has 
been  extended  to  one  more  volume  than  was  at  first 
contemplated.  Similar  works  have  existed  for 
some  years  in  both  French  and  German,  but  noth- 
ing of  the  sort  has  heretofore  been  done  in  English, 
for  Lalor's  "  Cyclopaedia  "  has  a  very  different  scope 
and  purpose,  being  rather  a  collection  of  elaborate 
essays  than  a  dictionary  made  up  of  thousands  of 
articles.  The  rapid  advance  of  economic  theory  will 
doubtless  make  some  portions  of  this  work  antiquated 
within  a  very  few  years,  but  its  historical  features 
(and  it  is  essentially  historical  in  method)  will  pre- 
serve its  usefulness  for  a  long  time  to  come,  and 
make  it  invaluable  for  purposes  of  consultation.  It 
is  extremely  fortunate  that  this  closing  year  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  of  the  century  in  which  political 
economy  has  taken  so  important  and  distinctive  a 
position  among  the  sciences,  should  have  seen  the 
completion  of  this  comprehensive  conspectus  of  what 
economic  science  has  done,  what  it  now  is,  and 
with  what  eyes  it  looks  forward  toward  the  future. 
The  list  of  contributors  includes  the  names  of  the 
most  eminent  authorities  in  England,  the  Continent, 
and  the  United  States.  The  share  taken  by  our 
own  countrymen  in  this  work  is  a  matter  for  national 
self-congratulation.  An  elaborate  analytical  index, 
extending  to  upward  of  sixty  double-columned 
pages,  materially  enhances  the  usefulness  of  the 

work.  

President  Lyon  G.  Tyler,  of  William 
and  Mary  College,  has  given  fresh 
illustration  of  his  zeal  for  the  preser- 
vation of  the  materials  for  Virginia's  history,  by  the 
publication  of  "  The  Cradle  of  the  Republic  "(Whit- 
tet  &  Shepperson),  a  study  of  the  James  River  re- 
gion in  the  vicinity  of  Jamestown.  The  volume  of 


The  historic 
James  River 
in  Virginia. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL. 


181 


nearly  two  hundred  pages  is  rich  in  material  of 
archaeological  and  historical  value  relating  to  the 
life  of  the  first  English  settlers  in  America.  James- 
town long  since  disappeared  from  the  map  as  a  posi- 
tive force  in  Virginia  geography  —  a  ruined  tower, 
some  broken  tombstones,  and  a  mass  of  sentiment 
representing  about  all  that  is  left  of  it.  President 
Tyler  has  succeeded  in  rehabilitating  and  revivifying 
it,  so  that  one  can  have  a  pretty  good  idea  of  the 
place  as  it  appeared  more  than  two  hundred  years 
ago,  and  an  excellent  impression  of  the  sort  of  peo- 
ple that  walked  its  streets  and  shared  the  difficul- 
ties of  its  life  in  the  formative  days  of  our  country. 
There  are  maps  and  charts,  a  number  of  pictures  of 
the  historic  homes  on  the  James,  some  reproduc- 
tions of  early  prints  of  Jamestown,  and  a  few  other 
illustrations  of  importance.  One  of  the  most  inter- 
esting chapters  is  that  which  gives  the  origin  of  the 
names  used  along  the  river  from  Newport  News  to 
Richmond,  showing  how  old  names  are  retained 
long  after  individuals  who  bear  them  have  passed 
from  the  scene.  - 
Story  of  the  The  storming  of  Stony  Point  during 

capture  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  by  General 

stony  Point.  Anthony  Wayne  and  selected  troops 

under  him,  ranks  among  the  most  famous  achieve- 
ments in  American  military  annals.  The  difficulties 
in  the  way  were  so  discouraging,  the  dangers  were 
so  great,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  the  success  attained 
was  so  conspicuous,  that  no  criticism  was  ever  made 
in  the  army  of  the  Revolution,  but  the  universal 
sentiment  among  soldiers  and  citizens  alike  was 
one  of  rejoicing.  The  recent  purchase  of  the  his- 
toric spot  by  the  State  of  New  York,  as  a  result  of 
the  efforts  of  the  "  Society  for  the  Preservation  of 
Scenic  and  Historic  Places  and  Objects  in  New 
York,"  seems  to  have  been  the  inspiration  for  the 
publication  of  Professor  Johnston's  volume  of  over 
two  hundred  pages,  half  of  them  taken  up  with  a 
study  of  the  military  situation  which  made  the 
affair  at  Stony  Point  specially  important  (James 
T.  White  &  Co.).  A  number  of  contemporary  maps 
and  charts  help  to  a  correct  understanding  of 
the  skilfulness  of  the  movements  of  the  men  in 
the  difficult  and  dangerous  night  attack.  The  re- 
maining pages  are  filled  with  a  collection  of  docu- 
ments, fifty-six  in  number,  which  have  been 
gathered  from  English  and  American  storehouses, 
furnishing  abundant  original  material.  A  number 
of  modern  photographs,  with  portraits  of  leading 
officers,  add  interest  to  the  volume.  The  author 
would  be  abundantly  repaid  for  his  careful  study, 
if  renewed  attention  to  the  famous  assault  should 
lead  to  the  erection  of  a  suitable  monument  upon 
the  historic  promontory. 


A  book  on  American  woman  of  property 

Eusinest,  for          upon  whom,  in  the  course  of  human 

American  women.     eveniSj    ha8    devolved    the     duty    of 

looking  after  her  own  financial  interests,  will  find 
in  Mr.  John  Howard  Cromwell's  "The  American 
Business  Woman  "  CPutnam)  at  once  a  handy 


practical  manual  in  business  methods,  and  a  sound 
and  conservative  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend,  in 
the  more  theoretical  side  of  the  useful  art  of  taking 
care  of  one's  treasure  in  a  world  where  moth  and 
rust  do  corrupt,  and  where  thieves  of  various  sorts, 
from  the  sheer  burglar  with  his  "jimmy"  down  to 
the  smooth  "promoter"  with  his  glib  tongue  and 
lying  prospectus,  do  break  through  and  steal.  Mr. 
Cromwell  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  bar ;  and 
he  declares  that  in  the  whole  course  of  a  long  pro- 
fessional experience,  during  which  many  of  his 
clients  have  been  women,  he  has  met,  or  can  recall, 
but  one  woman  "  whose  acquaintance  with  regular 
business  methods  would,  among  men,  be  considered 
even  ordinary."  The  state  of  things  thus  indicated 
calls  aloud  for  a  remedy ;  and  as  a  remedy  we  sug- 
gest a  thorough  study  of  Mr.  Cromwell's  carefully 
prepared  book  by  the  class  for  whose  use  it  is 
written.  In  it  will  be  found  special  chapters  on 
banks  and  their  functions  and  usages,  savings 
banks,  trust  companies,  safe  deposit  companies, 
bonds  and  stocks,  mortgages,  real  property,  pro- 
bate matters,  the  legal  status  of  married  women, 
etc.  In  short,  the  book  is  judiciously  compounded 
of  sound  principles  and  practical  directions,  and 
will  amply  repay  study. 

European  literature  Mr'  T'  S'  Omond's  volume  on  «  The 

in  the  first  half  of    Romantic  Triumph"  (Scribner)   is 

the  29lh  century.       the  fif  th  in  point  of    publ}cation  an(J 

the  eleventh  in  point  of  chronology  in  the  series  of 
"  Periods  of  European  Literature,"  edited  by  Pro- 
fessor Saintsbury.  The  work  covers  the  first  half  of 
the  nineteenth  century,  and  does  as  well  as  one 
could  reasonably  expect  with  its  practically  impos- 
sible task.  The  first  three  chapters  are  given  to 
England,  and  constitute  about  one  half  of  the  vol- 
ume. The  three  remaining  chapters  deal  with 
France,  Germany,  and  "other  countries,"  respect- 
ively. There  is  also  an  introduction  and  a  con- 
clusion, neither  of  which  could  be  made  very 
satisfactory  on  account  of  the  somewhat  arbitrary 
limits  assigned  to  the  period  under  review.  Mr. 
Omond's  criticisms  of  individual  writers  are  nec- 
essarily brief,  and  they  seem  to  us,  on  the  whole, 
singularly  just.  Sometimes  they  are  more  than 
just  —  they  are  exceptionally  felicitous  —  as  when 
we  read  that  "  if  anyone  has  caught  up  Keats's  un- 
uttered  song  it  is  surely  Tennyson,"  or  when  we 
are  told  of  Shelley's  later  poems  that  "  what  strikes 
us  is  surely  strength  no  less  than  beauty,  masculine 
vigour  wedded  to  ethereal  grace."  We  have  noted 
but  few  slips  (such  as  "Chartreux  "for  "Chartreuse" 
in  the  title  of  Stendhal's  famous  novel)  where  many 
would  have  been  easily  possible. 


Education  as 
an  evolution. 


The  name  of  Thomas  Davidson  on 
the  title-page  of  an  educational  book 
is  a  guarantee  that  the  work  shows 
wide  reading,  has  been  well  thought  out,  and  is 
carefully  written.  The  competent  reader  may  not 
always  agree  with  what  the  author  says,  but  he  is 


182 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


little  likely  to  deny  that  the  work  possesses  any  one 
of  these  three  qualities.  Mr.  Davidson's  "History 
of  Education"  (Scribner)  bears  all  these  well- 
known  marks.  The  author's  conception  of  his  sub- 
ject is  a  broad  one.  "  Education  is  a.  conscious  or 
voluntary  evolution.  Hence  history  of  education  is 
a  record  of  such  evolution,  and  begins  at  the  point 
where  man  takes  himself  into  his  own  hands,  so  to 
speak,  and  seeks  to  guide  his  life  towards  an  ever 
more  definite,  coherent  heterogeneity,  which  is  what 
we  mean  by  his  ideal  end."  Accordingly,  his  first 
chapter  is  entitled  "  The  Rise  of  Intelligence,"  and 
the  second  one  "  Savage  Education."  Mr.  David- 
son spreads  his  facts  on  the  framework  of  his  theory 
of  the  world,  which  is  the  conception  of  evolution, 
but  evolution  with  God,  freedom,  and  immortality. 
Whether  by  so  doing  he  does  violence  to  his  facts,  is 
a  question  that  might  lead  to  contradictory  answers. 
The  book  is  an  able  one,  but  in  no  sense  elementary. 
It  does  not  meet  the  needs  of  readers  who  have  not 
already  a  considerable  knowledge  of  the  subject ; 
accordingly,  only  a  small  minority  of  teachers  will 
read  it  or  can  read  it. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


In  his  "Myths  and  Fables  of  To-Day"  (Lee  & 
Shepard)  Mr.  Samuel  Adams  Drake  treats  entertain- 
ingly of  various  quaint  survivals  of  old-time  supersti- 
tions that  still  color  our  speech  and  even  unconsciously 
influence  or  modify  the  actions  of  the  most  practical. 
Weather  Lore,  Charms  to  Good  Luck,  Evil  Omens, 
Haunted  Houses,  Presentiments,  the  Divining-Rod, 
Fortune-telling,  etc.,  are  amusingly  and  learnedly  dis- 
cussed, and  a  wealth  of  queer  sayings  and  odds-and- 
ends  of  curious  popular  beliefs  is  presented.  The  pretty 
book  is  suitably  illustrated  by  Mr.  Frank  T.  Merrill, 
and  should  find  friends. 

Mr.  Frank  Horridge's  unpretentious  volume  of  "  Lives 
of  Great  Italians "  (L.  C.  Page  &  Co.)  contains  ten 
biographical  sketches,  the  subjects  being  Dante,  Pe- 
trarch, Carmagnola,  Machiavelli,  M.  Angelo,  Galileo, 
Goldoni,  Alfieri,  Cavour,  and  Victor  Emanuel.  The 
book  must  be  pronounced  a  useful  one  for  the  general 
reader  who  wishes  to  get  at  the  essential  facts  about 
these  great  Italians,  and  to  learn  briefly  in  what  sort 
and  degree  they  left  the  world  and  their  country  in 
their  debt.  Mr.  Horridge  writes  sensibly  and  enter- 
tainingly, and  primarily  for  the  instruction  of  his  read- 
ers. There  are  eight  portraits,  which  are  acceptably 
executed,  and  there  ought  to  be  an  index. 

That  gallant  sailor,  Stephen  Decatur,  is  the  subject 
of  a  recently  issued  volume,  by  Mr.  Cyrus  Townsend 
Brady,  in  the  pretty  "  Beacon  Biographies "  series 
(Small,  Maynard  &  Co.).  Even  a  dull  pen  could  hardly 
make  a  dull  book  of  a  life  of  Decatur,  and  Mr.  Brady's 
is  by  no  means  a  dull  pen.  He  has  drawn  upon  the 
best  available  sources  for  his  facts,  and  furnishes  some 
new  information  as  to  the  early  history  and  the  gene- 
alogy of  the  Decaturs.  The  handsome  frontispiece  por- 
trait of  the  dashing  Commodore  and  the  ornamental 
title-page  crown  the  attractive  make-up  of  this  neat 
and  pocketable  booklet. 


NOTBS. 


"  Elementary  Lessons  in  Language  and  Grammar," 
by  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Harvey,  is  published  by  the  Amer- 
ican Book  Co. 

Two  more  volumes  of  "  Stories  "  have  been  added  by 
the  Messrs.  Scribner  to  their  library  edition  of  the 
writings  of  Mr.  Frank  R.  Stockton. 

"  Heaven's  Distant  Lamps,"  edited  by  Miss  Anna  E. 
Mack,  is  an  anthology  of  "  poems  of  comfort  and  hope," 
published  by  Messrs.  Lee  &  Shepard. 

"  The  Book  of  Legends,"  told  over  again  by  Mr . 
H.  E.  Scudder,  is  a  reading-book  for  children  just  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

Mr.  David  McKay  sends  us  a  new  and  handsome 
edition  of  Whitman's  "  Leaves  of  Grass,"  with  variorum 
readings,  illustrations,  and  a  facsimiled  autobiograph- 
ical sketch. 

The  Oxford  University  Press  has  won  the  distinction 
of  a  "  Grand  Prix "  for  each  of  its  three  exhibits 
(bookbinding,  Oxford  India  paper,  and  higher  educa- 
tional works)  at  the  Paris  Exposition. 

"The  Temptation  of  Friar  Gonsol,"  a  little  skit 
originally  contributed  by  Eugene  Field  to  the  "  Sharps 
and  Flats  "  column  of  the  "  Chicago  Daily  News,"  is  an- 
nounced for  early  publication  in  book  form  in  a  choicely- 
printed  limited  edition,  by  Messrs.  Woodward  and 
Lothrop  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Century  Co.  are  soon  to  publish  a  sumptuous 
edition  of  the  fairy-tales  of  Hans  Christian  Andersen, 
in  commemoration  of  the  story-teller's  approaching 
centenary.  The  work  is  produced  primarily  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Danish  government,  and  will  be  illus- 
trated by  Herr  Hans  Tegner,  who  has  devoted  eleven 
years  to  his  task. 

Volume  III.  of  Miss  Sarah  H.  Killikelly's  "  Curious 
Questions  in  History,  Literature,  Art,  and  Social  Life," 
has  just  been  published  by  Mr.  David  McKay.  It  pro- 
vides a  singular  miscellany  of  information  upon  out-of- 
the  way  subjects,  thrown  together  without  any  pretense 
of  logical  arrangement,  and  illustrated  by  over  a  hun- 
dred full-page  plates. 

"Stories  of  the  Badger  State,"  by  Mr.  Reuben  Gold 
Thwaites,  has  been  published  by  the  American  Book 
Co.  It  is  an  important  addition,  by  a  first-class  au- 
thority, to  the  series  of  supplementary  reading-books 
in  which  it  appears,  and  the  publishers  are  once  more 
to  be  congratulated  upon  their  success  in  enlisting  the 
best  American  writers  in  this  enterprise. 

"  English  Composition  and  Literature "  is  a  text- 
book prepared  by  Mr.  W.  F.  Webster,  and  published 
by  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  It  provides  for 
the  systematic  reading  and  study  of  a  considerable 
number  of  literary  masterpieces,  most  of  which  are  ac- 
cessible in  the  "  Riverside  Literature  "  series.  The 
suggestions  for  special  work  and  the  test-questions 
added  to  each  chapter  form  a  particularly  valuable 
feature  of  this  publication. 

Dr.  Murray,  in  a  recent  lecture  on  "  The  Evolution 
of  English  Lexicography,"  makes  some  interesting  com- 
parisons between  the  progress  of  the  "  New  English 
Dictionary  "  and  similar  enterprises,  much  to  the  credit 
of  the  Oxford  undertaking.  The  "  Deutsches  Worter- 
buch  "  of  the  Grimm  brothers,  begun  in  1852,  is  just 
reaching  the  letter  S.  The  Dutch  "  Woordenboek  der 
Nederlandsche  Taal,"  begun  in  1852,  is  not  yet  half- 
finished.  The  new  "  Vocabolario  della  Crusca,"  starting 


1900.] 


THE   DIAL 


188 


in  1863,  has  just  reached  I,  and  will  require  another 
quarter-century  for  its  completion.  Yet  none  of  these 
works  is  in  reality  so  comprehensive  an  undertaking  as 
the  "  New  English  Dictionary." 

A  new  English  monthly  review,  of  the  half-crown 
type,  is  to  begin  publication  at  once.  Edited  by  Mr. 
Henry  Newbolt,  with  the  imprint  of  Mr.  John  Murray, 
it  promises  to  take  a  conspicuous  place  among  periodi- 
cals of  its  class.  Its  special  features  will  include  a 
serial  novel,  original  poetry,  literary  criticism,  illustra- 
tions, and  a  permanent  editorial  section. 

A  "  Victorian  History  of  the  Counties  of  England  "  is 
projected,  to  fill  no  less  than  one  hundred  and  sixty  large 
volumes,  and  to  enlist  the  services  of  the  most  famous 
scholars.  Mr.  H.  Arthur  Doubleday  is  to  be  the  gen- 
eral editor  of  this  work,  which  will  be  published  by 
Messrs.  Archibald  Constable  &  Co.  The  price  of  sub- 
scription is  fixed  at  two  hundred  and  forty  guineas. 

Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  announce  a  new  and 
complete  edition  of  Balzac  in  English,  under  the  edito- 
rial supervision  of  Professor  W.  P.  Trent.  The  edition 
will  take  three  forms,  two  of  them  filling  sixteen  vol- 
umes each,  the  other  being  an  edition  de  luxe  in  thirty- 
two  volumes.  Mr.  Trent's  introductions  will  comprise 
bibliographical  matter,  condensed  information  about  the 
leading  characters,  cross-references,  and  literary  criti- 
cism based  chiefly  upon  Balzac's  correspondence.  The 
editor  will  also  supply  a  long  general  introduction,  and 
a  "  Note  on  the  order  of  reading  the  Comedy." 

The  twelfth  volume,  bound  in  handsome  red  covers, 
of  the  "  Land  of  Sunshine  "  (Los  Angeles)  is  a  pleas- 
ant reminder  of  the  steady  advance  of  this  brave  little 
periodical  along  the  difficult  path  of  magazine  enter- 
prise, of  its  progress  not  only  in  years  but  in  influence 
and  substantiality.  The  distinction  it  has  won  of  being 
the  best  there  is  in  periodical  literature  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  is  in  itself  much,  and  the  "  Land  of  Sunshine  " 
has,  besides,  the  devoted  services  of  an  editor  who 
throws  into  it  the  force  of  an  ability  and  an  individual- 
ity powerful  enough  and  original  enough  to  give  dis- 
tinction to  any  periodical.  The  scientific  portions  of 
the  magazine  evince  the  editor's  scholarship  and  scru- 
pulous care,  while  the  very  material  portions  written 
by  him  are  so  fresh  in  style  and  treatment,  so  teeming 
with  his  abounding  personality,  that  the  publication 
might  perhaps  well  be  named  "  Lummis's  Magazine." 
It  is  doubtless  a  daring  thing  for  such  a  publication  to 
undertake  to  discuss,  with  the  frankness  and  vigor 
which  are  the  mark  of  all  Mr.  Lummis's  writings,  cur- 
rent questions  of  national  and  universal  concern  ;  its 
utterances  must  often,  if  not  usually,  be  on  the  unpop- 
ular side,  and  can  only  be  saved,  and  the  magazine 
with  them,  by  the  absolute  honesty  of  conviction  and 
seriousness  of  purpose  which  are  felt  to  lie  behind 
them.  Constituents  and  associates  who  dissent  from 
Mr.  Lummis's  vigorous  and  somewhat  unsparing  utter- 
ances may  yet  respect  his  courage  and  his  honesty,  and 
find  their  compensation  in  seeing  their  region  accred- 
ited by  him  with  furnishing  the  best  that  the  Pacific 
Coast  has  to  offer  in  the  periodical  literature  of  the 
time.  He  has  rendered  them  the  immeasurable  service 
of  giving  them  a  voice,  and  one  that  is  listened  to 
with  respect  and  interest  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
We  are  glad  to  note  the  constant  improvement  in  the 
number  and  quality  of  the  illustrations  of  this  maga- 
zine, and,  by  no  means  last,  the  evidences  of  increasing 
prosperity  shown  in  its  advertising  pages. 


ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FALL,  BOOKS. 


THE  DIAL'S  list  of  forthcoming  Fall  publications, 
presented  herewith,  is  the  largest  of  any  in  the  history 
of  the  American  book  trade.  The  number  of  titles 
entered  is  1700,  against  about  1600  last  year.  This 
list  is  prepared  entirely  from  advance  information 
secured  especially  for  the  purpose,  and  represents  the 
output  of  78  publishing  firms :  the  highest  number  of 
titles  from  one  firm  being  200,  and  the  average  22  for 
each  firm.  All  the  books  here  given  are  presumably 
new  books  —  new  editions  not  being  included  unless 
having  new  form  or  matter  ;  and  the  list  does  not  in- 
clude Fall  books  already  issued  and  entered  in  our 
regular  List  of  New  Books.  Juvenile  books  are,  from 
their  great  number,  deferred  to  another  issue. 

The  more  interesting  literary  features  of  the  List  are 
commented  upon  in  the  leading  editorial  in  this  issue. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 

The  Life  and  Letters  of  Thomas  H.  Huxley,  edited  by 
Leonard  Huxley,  2  vols..  lllus.,  $5.— Great  Comman- 
ders Series,  new  vol.:  Commodore  Paul  Jones,  by 
Cyrus  Townsend  Brady,  with  portrait,  $1.50.— The 
Private  Life  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  by  a  member 
of  the  royal  entourage,  lllus.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Oliver  Cromwell,  by  Eight  Hon.  John  Morley,  M.P., 
illus.,  $3.50.  (Century  Co.) 

Prince  Charles  Edward,  by  Andrew  Lang,  limited  edi- 
tion, lllus.  in  colors,  photogravure,  etc.,  $20.  net.— The 
Life  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  by  Sir  Walter  Armstrong, 
with  75  photogravure  Illustrations,  $25.  net.— Oliver 
Cromwell,  by  Theodore  Roosevelt,  illus.,  S2.— Paul 
Jones,  founder  of  the  American  navy,  by  Augustus 
C.  Buell,  2  vols.,  illus.,  ?3.— Recollections  of  a  Mis- 
sionary in  the  Great  West,  by  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady, 
with  portrait,  $1.25.— Napoleon  III.  at  the  Height  of 
his  Power,  by  Imbert  de.  Salnt-Amand,  trans,  by 
Elizabeth  Gilbert  Martin,  with  portraits,  $1.50.— The 
World's  Epoch-Makers,  new  vol.:  Buddha  and  Bud- 
dhism, by  Arthur  Lillle,  $1.25.— Great  Educator  Series, 
new  vols.:  Comenius  and  the  Beginning  of  Educa- 
tional Reform,  by  Will  S.  Monroe,  A.B.;  Pestalozzi 
and  the  Modern  Elementary  School,  by  A.  Pinloche; 
Sturm  and  the  Revival  of  Secondary  Education, 
by  James  Earl  Russell,  Ph.D.;  each  $1.  net.  (Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.) 

William  Shakespeare,  poet,  dramatist,  and  man,  by 
Hamilton  W.  Mable,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  $6. 
net.— Coventry  Patmore,  his  family  and  correspond- 
ence, by  Basil  Champiieys,  2  vols.,  illus.  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.— Foreign  Statesmen  Series,  new  vols.: 
Louis  XVI.,  by  G.  W.  Prothero;  Ferdinand  the  Catho- 
lic, by  E.  Armstrong;  M  sizar  in,  by  Arthur  Hassall; 
Catherine  II.,  by  J.  B.  Bury;  Louis  XIV.,  by  H.  O. 
Wakeman;  per  vol.,  75  cts.  (Macmlllan  (Co.) 

Life  of  Francis  Parkman,  by  Charles  Haight  Farnham, 
with  portraits,  $2.50. — James  Martineau,  a  study  and 
a  biography,  by  Rev.  A.  W.  Jackson,  with  portraits, 
$3.  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.) 

The  Story  of  My  Life,  an  autobiography,  by  Augustus 
J.  C.  Hare,  Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  completing  the  work, 
illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  $7,50.— Modern  English 
Writers,  new  vols.:  Thackeray,  by  Charles  Whib- 
ley;  Tennyson,  by  Andrew  Lang.— -Lives  of  the  French 
Queens,  by  H.  A.  Guerber,  illus.,  $2.50.— A  Life  of 
Fielding,  by  Austin  Dobson,  new  and  revised  edition, 
$1.25.  (Dodd,  Mead  &  .Co.) 

Autobiography  of  a  Journalist,  by  William  J.  Stillman, 
2  vols.,  illus.— Theodore  Parker,  preacher  and  re- 
former, by  Rev.  John  White  Chadwick,  illus.,  $2.-- 
Life  and  Letters  of  Robert  Browning,  by  Mrs.  Suth- 
erland Orr,  new  edition  in  one  volume,  illus.,  $2. 
(Houghton,  Miffliii  &  Co.) 

Literary  Friends  and  Acquaintances,  a  personal  retro- 
spect of  American  authorship,  by  William  Dean 
Howells,  lllus.,  $2.50.  (Harper  &  Brothers.) 

Eccentricities  of  Genius,  memories  of  famous  men  and 
women  of  the  platform  and  stage,  by  Major  J.  B. 
Pond,  illu?.,  $3.50.  (G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.) 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


The  Life  and  Times  of  Omar  Khayyam,  by  E.  Denison 
Ross,  including  the  text  of  Fitzgerald's  version  of 
the  Kubaiyilt,  a  biographical  sketch  of  Fitzgerald,  and 
a  commentary  on  his  version  by  Mrs.  Stephen  Batson. 
—George  Selwyn,  his  letters  and  his  life,  edited  by 
E.  S.  Roscoe  and  Helen  Clergue,  illus.,  f3.60  net.— 
Heroes  of  the  Nations  Series,  new  vols. :  Daniel 
O'Connell,  and  the  revival  of  national  life  in  Ireland, 
by  Robert  Duulop,  M.A. ;  Saint  Louis  (Louis  IX.  of 
France),  the  most  Christian  King,  by  Frederick  Perry, 
M.A.;  William  Pitt,  Earl  of  Chatham  (1708-1778),  or 
The  Growth  and  Division  of  the  British  Empire,  by 
Walford  Davis  Green,  M.P. ;  each  illus.,  $1.50.— 
Leaders  in  Science  Series,  new  vol.:  Thomas  Henry 
Huxley,  a  sketch  of  his  life  and  work,  by  P.  Chalmers 
Mitchell,  M.  A.,  with  portraits,  $1.50.— Heroes  of  the 
Reformation  Series,  new  vol.:  Huldreich  Zwingli 
(1484-1531),  the  reformer  of  German  Switzerland,  by 
Samuel  Macauley  Jackson,  LL.D.,  with  additional 
chapters  by  Prof.  John  Martin  Vincent  and  Prof 
Frank  Hugh  Foster,  illus.,  $1.50.— Roger  Ludlow,  the 
Colonial  Law-Maker  (1590-1664),  by  John  M  Taylor 
$1.50.— Rupert,  Prince  Palatine,  by  Eva  Scott,  new  and 
cheaper  edition,  with  portrait,  |2.  (G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.) 

Memoirs  of  Countess  Potocka,  edited  by  Casimir  Stry- 
lenski,  trans,  by  Lionel  Strachey,  illus.,  $3.50.— Life 
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185 


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184 


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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


185 


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bert Parker,  $1.50.— The  Stickit  Minister's  Wooing,  by 
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186 


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[Sept.  16, 


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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


187 


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188 


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1900.] 


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190 


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Percy  B.  Burnet.— The  Seventeenth  Century  in  France, 
historical  selections  in  French  from  well-known  writ- 
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192 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


vols. :  Ruskln's  Sesame  and  Lilies;  Plutarch's  Alex- 
ander the  Great,  Englished  by  Thomas  North;  Haw- 
thorne's The  Gentle  Boy,  and  other  stories;  Long- 
fellow's Giles  Corey,  edited  by  Horace  E.  Scudder; 
The  Book  of  Legends,  gathered  and  rewritten  by 
Horace  E.  Scudder.  (Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.) 
The  Beginnings  of  English  Literature,  by  Charlton  M. 
Lewis.— Foundations  of  French,  by  Fred  Davis  Aid- 
rich  and  Irving  Lysander  Foster.— Stories  of  my  Four 
Friends,  by  Jane  Andrews.— Stories  from  American 
History,  by  Albert  F.  Blaisdell.— Wigwam  Stories,  by 
Mary  C.  Judd.— Folk-Lore  Stories  and  Proverbs,  by 
Sara  E.  Wiltse.— Bimbi,  stories  for  children,  by  Louise 
de  la  Ramee.— Selections  for  Reading  and  Speaking, 
by  William  DeWitt  Hyde.— Schiller's  Maria  Stuart, 
edited  by  Margarethe  Miiller  and  Carla  Wenckebaoh. 
— Kreig  und  Frieden,  edited  by  Wilhelm  Bernhardt. 
—One  Thousand  Problems  in  Physics,  by  Irving  O. 
Palmer  and  W.  H.  Snyder.—Easy  Stories,  by  Elizabeth 
Turner.— German  Exercises,  by  J.  Frederick  Stein. 
(Ginn  &  Co.) 

The  Oxford  School  History  of  England.— A  Text-book  of 
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"Junior"  Euclid,  by  S.  W.  Finn,  M.A.,  Books  III.  and 
IV.— A    French    Grammar,    by   A.    H.    Wall,    M.A.— An 
Elementary    Greek    Grammar,    by    J.    Barrow    Allen, 
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nometry, by  E.  A.  Lyman  and  Prof.  E.  C.  Goddard.— 
First  Greek  Reader,  by  Prof.  C.  M.  Moss,  new  edition, 
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nack.— Academy  Series  of  English  Classics,  new  vol*.: 
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Select  Orations  of  Cicero,  edited  by  Prof.  B.  L.  D'Ooge, 
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man.— A  Composition  and  Rhetoric,  by  Dr.  Lewis    W. 
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and  Addison,  edited  by  Dr.  J.  Griffith  Ames;  Addison's 
The   Sir  Roger  de  Coverley   Papers,   edited  by   Fred- 
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Constructive  Process  for  Learning  German,  by  A.  Drey- 
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Malaria,  according  to  the  new  researches,  by  Prof. 
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for  the  Horse,  by  Jno.  A.  W.  Dollar,  M.R.C.V.S.,  90 
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A  New  Dictionary  of  Foreign  Phrases  and  Classical  Quo- 
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pincott Co.) 
The  United  States  Catalog,   a  bibliography  of  books  in 

print  in  1899,   $12.  net.    (H.   W.   Wilson.) 
An  Index  to  General  Literature,  by  William  I.  Fletcher, 
A.M.,    new    and    enlarged    edition.— Poole's    index    to 
Periodical    Literature,    abridged    edition,    by    William 
I.   Fletcher.     (Houghton,    Mifflin  &  Co.) 
American   Book   Prices   Current,    compiled  by   Luther  S. 
Livingston,  Vol.  VI,  for  1900,  $6.   net.— The  Pronuncia- 
tion of  10,000  Proper  Names,  by  Mary  S.  and  Mariette 
G.   Mackey,  $1.— The  Ready  Reckoner,  25  cts.     (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.) 
The    Literary    Year    Book    for    1901,    edited    by    Herbert 

Morrah,  $1.25.     (Francis  P.  Harper.) 

A  Supplement  to  Bosworth's  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary, 
by  T.  N.  Toller,  M. A.— Oxford  English  Dictionaryt 
new  parts:  Portions  of  "G"  by  Henry  Bradley,  M.A., 
and  of  "I"  by  James  A.  H.  Murray,  M.A.  (Oxford 
University  Press.) 

The  Encyclopedia  of  Etiquette,  compiled  by  Emily  Holt, 
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parliamentary  practice,  by  Frank  W.  Hackett,  $1.25. 
(McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.) 

The  Art  of  Writing  English,  with  chapters  on  para- 
phrasing, essay-writing,  precis-writing,  punctua- 
tion and  other  matters,  by  J.  M.  D.  Meiklejohn,  M.A. 
— Appleton's  Library  of  Useful  Stories,  new  vol.: 
The  Story  of  the  Alphabet,  by  Edward  Clodd,  40  cts. 
(D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Temple  Cyclopaedic  Primers,  new  vols.:  Greek  History, 
by  Prof.  H.  Swoboda,  Ph.D.;  Modern  Chemistry,  by 
Prof.  Ramsay,  F.R.S.;  Plants,  their  structure  and 
life,  by  Dr.  Dennert;  Primitive  Man,  by  Dr.  Homes; 
Charlemagne,  by  E.  J.  Mathew;  First  Aid  to  the 
Injured,  by  Dr.  Drinkwater;  The  English  Constitu- 
tion, by  Rt.  Hon.  Leonard  Courtney,  M.P.;  The 
Making  of  English,  by  Henry  Bradley;  Greek  and 
Roman  Mythology,  by  Dr.  H.  Stewding;  The  British 
Empire,  by  George  R.  Parkin,  G.C.M.G.;  Interna- 
tional Law,  by  F.  E.  Smith,  M.A.;  Mediaeval  French 


1900.] 


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193 


Literature,  by  M.  Gaston,  Paris;  each  illus.  (Mac- 
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The  World's  Best  Proverbs  and  Short  Quotations,  coin- 
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American  Women  of  the  Time,  a  dictionary  of  bio- 
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Charles  F.  Rideal,  Mrs.  John  King  Van  Rensselaei- 
and  Carlos  Martyn,  $7.50.— The  International  Diction- 
ary of  Authors,  compiled  and  edited  by  Charles  F. 
Rideal  and  Carlos  Martyn.— The  Magistracy,  a  di- 
rectory and  biographical  dictionary  of  the  Justices 
of  the  Peace  of  the  United  States,  compiled  by  Charles 
F.  Rideal  and  Carlos  Martyn.— Advertising  Agents' 
Directory  of  the  U.  S.,  Great  Britain  ami  Canada, 
$1.— The  Mistakes  of  Authors,  a  manual  for  writers 
and  others,  edited  by  Will  M.  Clemens,  $1.— When! 
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Charles  F.  Rideal.— Directory  of  Medical  Women,  SI. 
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194 


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[Sept.  16, 


NEW  AND  STANDARD   BOOKS 


UP  IN  MAINE. 

Stories   of   Yankee  Life  Told 
in  Verse. 


HOLMAN  F.  DAY. 

"  The  best  Yankee  Verse  since  the 
Biglow  Papers" 


With  six  illustrations  from  photo- 
graphs and  an  introduction  by  Hon. 

C.  E.  LlTTLEFIELD. 

Cloth,  decorative,  7',x4'M  $1.00. 


THE  DOLLAR  OR 

THE  MAN  ? 

The  Issue  of  To-Day. 

PICTURED  BY 

HOMER  DAVENPORT. 

To  be  Published  Oct.  1. 

50  cartoons  on  the  economical  pro- 
blems of  to-day,  selected  and  edited 
with  an  introduction  by  HORACE  L. 
TRAUBEL. 
Paper  boards,  decorative,  11x9,  $1.00. 


QUICKSAND. 

A  New  and  Striking  Novel  by 
the  Author  of  "  Differences." 


HERVEY  WHITE. 


To  be  Published  Oct.  1. 

Not  merely  the  story  of  an  individ- 
ual, but  the  life  history  of  a  family. 

Cloth,  decorative,  7%x5,  $1.50. 


VISITING  THE  SIN. 

A  Tale  of  Mountain  Life  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
By  EMMA   RAYNER 

Author  of  "  Free  to  Serve  "  and  in  "  Castle  and  Colony." 

To  be  Published  Oct.  1. 

"  Bound  to  be  one  of  the  notable  books  of  a  notable  season." 

Miss  Rayner  has  abandoned  the  colonies  in  her  latest  work,  and  has  written  a  most  thrilling  tale  of  the'period  of  1875, 

Cloth,  decorative,  7y8x5V4,  $1.50. 


THE  MIDDLE  FIVE.    Indian  Boys  at  School. 
By  FRANCIS   LaFLESCHE 


"An  Indian  '  Tom  Brown  at  Rugby.'" 

With  a  cover  design  and  frontispiece  in  colors  by  Miss  ANGEL  DE  CORA. 

The  book  is  a  vivid  transcription  of  some  of  the  most  interesting  pages  from  Mr.  LaFlesche's  own  life. 

Cloth,  decorative,  6%x41/3,  $1.25. 


GEORQIE. 

BY 

S.  E.  KISER. 

With  a  cover  design  and  ten  illustra- 
tions by  RALPH  BERGENGREN. 


«  The  Wittiest  Humor  of  the  Year." 

Mr.  Kiser  shows  in  this  book  that 
he  is  treading  closely  upon  the  liter- 
ary heels  of  his  distinguished  fellow 
townsman,  author  of  "  Mr.  Dooley." 

Cloth,  decorative,  6%x4V2,  $1.00. 


COMFORT  AND 
EXERCISE. 

An  Essay  Toward  Normal 
Conduct. 

BY 

MARY  PERRY  KING. 

To  be  Published  Oct.  1. 
A  compact  and    important    essay 
toward  the  harmonious  development 
of  the  three-fold  nature  of  mankind 
—  spiritual,  mental,  and  physical. 
Cloth,  7%xS%,  $1.00. 


TUSKEGEE. 

Its  History  and  its  Work. 

BY 

MAX  BENNETT 
THRASHER. 

With  an  introduction  by  BOOKER  T. 
WASHINGTON. 


To  be  Published  Oct.  1. 

With  50  half-tone  illustrations  from 
photographs.  Mr.  Thrasher  has  given 
us  a  complete  and  entertaining  story 
of  this  famous  "  School  of  a  Nation." 

Cloth,  decorative,  71/8x4%,  $1.00. 


SMALL,  MAYNARD  &  COMPANY 


1900.]  THE    DIAL  199 


The  Century  Co.'s  New  Books 


Orders  taken  by  the  publishers, 
Union  Square,  U^ew  York. 


READY  IN  OCTOBER, 
1900. 


For  sale  by  all  dealers  after 
issue  in  October. 


THE  CENTURY  CLASSICS 

A  new  series  of  the  world's  best  books,  selected,  edited  and  introduced  by  distinguished 
men  of  letters.  In  this  series  purity  of  text,  elegance  of  typography  and  beauty  of  ex- 
ternal form  are  united.  The  books  are  printed  on  pure  rag  paper  (with  water-mark) 
from  type  made  especially  for  them  and  used  nowhere  else.  350  pages  each,  gilt  top  and 
cover  design  of  great  beauty.  Price  $1.00  each,  net.  These  are  the  present  issues: 

Bacon's  Essays.  Introduction  by  Prof.  GEORGE  Goldsmith's  "The  Vicar  of  Wakefield."  Intro- 

EDWABD  WOODBEKRY.  duction  by  HENRY  JAMES. 

Bunyan's  "The  Pilgrim's  Progress."  Introduc-  Poems  of  Robert  Herrick.  A  Selection,  with  acrit- 

tion  by  Bishop  HENRY  C.  POTTER.  ical  study,  by  THOMAS  BAILEY  ALDRICH. 

Defoe's  "The  Plague  in  London."  Introduction  Kinglake's  "  Eothen."  Introduction  by  the  Right 

by  Sir  WALTER  BESANT.  Hon.  JAMES  BRYCE,  M.  P. 

IMPORTANT  VOLUMES  OF  ESSAYS 

"  THE  STRENUOUS  LIFE,"  by  THEODORE  ROOSEVELT.  Containing  Qov.  Roose- 
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"The  Gospel  of  Wealth,"  by  ANDREW  CARNEGIE,      "College     Administration,"     by     CHARLES    F. 
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"Dr.  North  and  His  Friends,"  by  Dr.  S.  WEIR  "The  Golden  Book  of  Venice,"  by  Mrs.  LAW- 
MITCHELL.  One  must  have  lived  long  and  been  born  RENCK  TURNBULL.  A  romance  of  the  City  of  the  Sea 
with  keen  faculties  of  observation  to  have  laid  by  such  at  the  time  of  its  greatest  magnificence  under  the  Doge 
stores  of  knowledge  as  the  author  of  "Hugh  Wynne"  and  the  Senate.  A  story  of  great  interest  in  a  superb 
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A  New  Edition  of  "  Hugh  Wynne,"  Dr.  S.  WEIR  "  "«*  Pa"»"  !>y  QE.Kf  TB  ^ONN^:,  A.nove.\  of 

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now  published  in  a  single  volume  at  $1.50,  with  twelve  The  story  of  the  attempt  of  three  young  journalists  to 

illustrations  by  HOWARD  PYLE.    .  start  a  "  family  paper."    12mo,  228  pages,  $1.25. 

"OLIVER   CROMWELL  " 

By  JOHN  MORLEY.  This  important  work  is  a  history  of  England  during  Cromwell's 
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"  My  Winter  Garden,"   by  MAURICE  THOMPSON.  "  Colonial  Days  and  Ways,"  by  HELEN  EVERTSON 

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"  PARIS  OF  TO-DAY,"  by  RICHARD  WHITEING,  with  Castaigne's  illustrations.  A 
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exquisite  little  books,  bound  in  stamped  leather  with  gilt  edges,  is  enriched  by  the 
addition  of  a  new  translation  of  Epictetns  by  Benjamin  E.  Smith ;  an  edition  of  "  Rab 
and  his  Friends"  and  "Our  Dogs"  by  Dr.  John  Brown;  and  a  new  volume  of 
"  Motifs  "  by  E.  Scott  O'Connor.  $1.00  each. 

A  Superb  Edition  of  Hans  Christian  Andersen's  Fairy-Tales 

Undertaken  with  the  support  of  the  Danish  Govern-  Books  for  younger  readers    include    "  The    Century 

ment,  and  dedicated,  by  permission,  to  the  Princess  of  Book  of  the  American  Colonies,"  a  new  issue  in  the 

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Danish  artist  Hans  Tegner,  and  these  accompany  a  new  "  Josey  and  the  Chipmunk,"  a  book  for  little  children  by 

translation  of  Andersen's  famous  stories.    The  volume  is  Sydney  Reid,  illustrated  by  Miss  Cory  ($1.50);  "  Pretty 

an  imperial  quarto  of  500  pages,  with  rich  cover  design,  Polly  Perkins,"  by    Qabrielle  E.  Jackson,    author  of 

and  is  intended  as  a  memorial  to  the  great  Danish  story-  "  Denise  and  Ned    Toodles,"    with    Relyea's    pictures 

teller,   to  be    issued  simultaneously    in   five  countries.  ($1.50);  and   "The  St.   Nicholas  Book   of  Plays  and 

Price,  $5.00.  Operettas,"  illustrated,  price,  $1.00. 


200 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


Announcement  of  New  Books 


FROM 


THE  RAND=MCNALLY  PRESS 


Dorothy  Marlow 

By  A.  W.  MARCHMONT,  author  of  "  By  Right 
of  Sword,"  "A  Dash  for  a  Throne,"  etc. 
Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25. 

"  The  plot  is  ingenious  and  natural,  the  characters 
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Bishop  Pendle 

By  FERGUS  HUME,  author  of  "  Mystery  of  a 
Hansom  Cab,"  "The  Harlequin  Opal,"  etc. 
Cloth,  12tno,  $1.25. 

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writer.  It  has  an  ingenious  plot,  which  is  developed 
with  a  master  hand.  The  novel  is  rich  in  all  the  ele- 
ments of  worthy  fiction." — Rochester  Democrat-Chronicle. 

Uncle  Sam  Abroad 

By  J.  E.  CONNER.   Illustrated.   Cloth,  12mo, 

$1.25. 

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old  and  young  with  pleasure  and  profit." — Toledo  Blade. 


The  Woman  That's  Good 

By  HAROLD  RICHARD  VYNNE,  author  of  "  The 

Girl  in  the  Bachelor's  Flat."     Cloth,  12mo, 

$1.50. 

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them  through."  —  Chicago  Times-Herald. 

"A  clever  and  fascinating  tale."  —  Albany  Times- 
Union. 

Twenty  Years  in  Europe 

By  S.  H.  M.  BYERS,  author  of  "  Switzerland 
and  the  Swiss,"  "The  Happy  Isles,"  etc., 
former  United  States  Consul-General  to 
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11  These  gleanings  of  twenty  years'  residence  in 
Europe  are  well  worth  any  reader's  attention,  both  for 
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The  Chinese  Empire,  Past  and  Present 

A    Complete,    Comprehensive    History,    Compiled   from    the    Latest    and    Most    Authentic 

Resources.     Maps    and    Illustrations.      Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25. 

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and  workmanship,  is  a  credit  to  the  publishers." —  Chicago  Chronicle. 

IN  PRESS 


An  American  Girl's  Trip  to  the  Orient  and 
Around  the  World 

By   CHRISTINE   COLLBRAN.     Illustrated.     Cloth, 
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The  Bandit  Mouse,  and  Other  Tales 

By  W.  A.  FKISBIE  and  BART.    Illustrated.    Cloth, 
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El   Reshid 

By  PAUL  KARISHKA.     Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25. 

With  Malice  Toward  None 

By  OLIVE  BEATRICE  MUIR.     Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50. 


Water  Babies 

By  CHARLES  KINGSLET.     Special  holiday  edition. 
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Some  Philosophy  of  the  Hermetics 

By  PAUL  KARISHKA.     Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25. 

Animals  Prom  Life 

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Protection  and  Progress 

By  JOHN  P.  YOUNG.     Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25. 

Eugene   Norton 

By  ANNE  SHANNON  MONROE.  Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25. 


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1900.]  THE    DIAL,  201 


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Baby  Goose:  His  Adventures  f?y R  w  HIR^T  Ane^t* 

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By  ANNIE  G.  BROWN.      A  delightful  story  for  girls.      True  to  life, 

-JMLI  and  full  of   sentiment,  wit,  and  action.      Exquisitely  illustrated  by 

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202 


THE    DIAL, 


[Sept.  16, 


SEPTEMBER  PUBLICATIONS. 


THE   HISTORY  OF  THE   DEVIL 

And  the  Idea  of  Evil,  from  the  Earliest  Time  to  the  Present 
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HOCH    DER   KAISER. 

MYSELF  UNO  GOTT.    By  A.  McGregor  Rose  (A.  M.  R. 

Gordon).  This  remarkable  poem,  which  made  a  sensation  in  two 
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208 


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[Sept.  16,  1900. 


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A   STIRRING   HISTORICAL   ROMANCE 

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1900.]  THE    DIAL 

"?"'";    PUBLISHED   TO-DAY  : !       " 

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'     '  (IL  FUOCO)         '-I  ;-, 

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AUTHOR    OF 

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212 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


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THE    DIAL 


213 


New  Books  from  the  List  of  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co. 


MISTRESS    CONTENT   CRADOCK 

AN    HISTORICAL  TALE  OF    NEW   ENGLAND    LIFE   IN   THE 
TIME  OF  GOVERNOR  WINTHROP  AND  ROGER  WILLIAMS. 

By  ANNIE  ELIOT  TRUMBULL,  Author  of  "A  Cape  Cod  Week,"  "Rod's  Salvation,"  "Christmas 
Accident,"  etc.      12mo.    Cloth.    Illustrated.    $1.00. 

"A  charming  Colonial  romance." — The  Congregationalist. 

"  Winsome  and  captivating,  Content  pleases  us  of  to-day  as  she  did  the  lover  who  patiently  waited  to  obtain  the 
gift  of  her  not  too  easily  engaged  heart,  and  the  quiet  story  of  her  fortunes  is  well  worth  following." — Literature. 

" '  Mistress  Content  Craddock '  will  be  welcomed  as  a  very  interesting  story  and  a  thoroughly  wholesome 
book,  while  historical  portraitures,  delicious  bits  of  description,  and  the  charming  style  of  the  narrative  will 
render  attractive  to  every  reader  this  very  definite  picture  of  Puritan  life." — The,  Literary  Review. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


A  CHRISTMAS  ACCIDENT, 

And  Other  Stories. 
12mo.    234  pp.    Cloth.    $1.00. 

These  sketches  —  there  are  seven  of  them  —  will 
please  the  general  reader  and  the  critic.  The  former 
will  enjoy  the  wit,  the  delicate  satire,  the  happy  bits  of 
nature  description,  the  accurate  characterization,  the 
touches  of  pathos  ;  the  latter  will  notice  the  quiet, 
well-bred  art,  the  deft  technic  that  produces  the  result. 

A    CAPE    COD    WEEK. 

12mo.    170pp.    Cloth.   $1.00. 

"  The  author  shows  her  readers  that  a  week  spent  on 
Cape  Cod  counts  for  more  than  many  weeks  that  may 
be  spent  at  other  places  of  popular  resort.  The  par- 
ticular week  .  .  .  was  a  September  week,  when  the 
picking  of  the  cranberry  bogs  was  just  beginning.  .  .  . 
The  author's  visit  to  the  Cape  was  made  in  company 
with  a  party  of  girls  who  .  .  .  deserve  having  their 
talk  and  chatter  reported  in  a  book  just  as  beautiful 
as  the  one  we  have  now  in  hand." — Boston  Transcript. 


ROD'S  SALVATION, 

And  Other  Stories. 

With  Illustrations  by  Charles  Copeland. 

12tno.    285pp.    Cloth.    $1.00. 

"  It  is  all  told  in  quiet,  easy  fashion,  the  satire  is 
without  vehemence,  and  the  pathos,  while  affecting,  is 
not  harrowing.  Yet  the  author  shows  herself  to  pos- 
sess the  genuine  creative  sense  of  inevitableness." — 
Book- Buyer  (New  York). 

AN   HOUR'S  PROMISE. 

I2mo.    265pp.    Cloth.    $1.50. 

This  time,  instead  of  a  New  England  maiden,  it  is 
"Altamera  Clayton  of  Embree,  Georgia,"  who  enchants 
us.  Miss  Trumbull  possesses  "keenness,  quickness, 
and  acuteness  of  mind  which  make  capital  narrative 
and  fine  descriptions  of  nature." 

"  Miss  Trumbull  is  blessed  by  a  most  delightful  and 
unpretentious  gift  of  story  telling.  Her  work  suggests 
a  twilight  musician  ;  she  has  a  certain  dainty  humor  in 
her  touch." — The  Citizen. 


A  Biographical  Sketch  of  J.    DORM  AN    STEELE,    Ph.  D.,   Teacher  and  Author. 
By  MBS.  GEORGE  ARCHIBALD.     1vol.    12mo.    Cloth.    Illustrated.    Gilt  Top.    $1.00. 

"A  simple  life  story,  which  cannot  be  too  heartily  commended  to  the  reading  of  every  public-school  teacher 
in  America." — Chicago  Evening  Post. 

"A  most  valuable  addition  to  the  libraries  of  lovers  of  books  biographical,  and  especially  to  those  who 
knew,  reverenced,  and  loved  the  good  man." — Elmira  (N.  F.)  Evening  Star. 

"  The  record  of  a  sterling  and  interesting  life  ;  may  be  read  with  profit  by  many  who  are  not  acquainted 
with  the  man  or  his  work." — Springfield  Republican. 

BIRD    GODS.     By  Charles  DeKay. 

With  Decorations  by  George  Wharton  Edwards. 
1  vol.    12mo.   Cloth.    (Jilt  Top.    Pages,  xxiv.+249=273.    $2.00. 

A  very  artistic  volume  by  Hon.  Charles  DeKay,  late  Consul-General  at  Berlin,  in  which  the  results  of  much 
research  in  out-of-the-way  and  dead  languages  is  presented  in  a  lucid  style  and  a  popular  way.  Every  one 
interested  in  birds  from  the  side  of  humanity  or  natural  history,  all  to  whom  the  beginnings  of  religion  offer 
fascinating  problems,  will  enjoy  this  little  book,  which  is  decorated  by  Mr.  George  Wharton  Edwards,  whose 
clever  hand  and  fancy  have  struck  just  the  right  notes  of  savagery  and  quaintness  for  such  a  theme.  Cover,  title- 
page,  beginnings  and  ends  of  chapters,  tables  of  contents,  etc.,  have  their  own  charming  original  design,  while  the 
pages  of  text  are  frequently  marked  by  some  little  sketch  in  which  the  figure  of  some  real  or  mythic  bird  appears. 

For  sale  by  booksellers,  or  sent,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price,  by  the  publishers. 

A.   S.   BARNES  &  COMPANY,  156   FIFTH   AVENUE,   NEW  YORK 


214 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


2|ougf)ton,  ^liffltn  61  Company's  Jteto 


THEODORE  PARKER,  PREACHER  AND   REFORMER. 

By  JOHN  WHITE  CHADWICK.     With  two  Portraits.     Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 

A  biography  of  one  of  the  most  marked  characters  in  American  history.  Theodore  Parker  was  one  of  the 
great  preachers  of  his  time,  and  one  of  the  prophetic  reformers.  He  was  regarded  as  a  dangerous  heretic,  but 
he  is  now  gladly  recognized  as  one  who  was  merely  in  advance  of  his  day,  a  robust  believer  in  all  the  essentials 
of  religion,  and  a  most  interesting  personality.  Mr.  Chadwick  is  peculiarly  qualified  to  tell  the  story  of  his 
great  life,  and  he  tells  it  with  a  fine  sense  of  proportion,  with  perfect  sympathy,  and  with  uncommon  literary 
charm. 

COUNSEL  UPON  THE  READING  OF  BOOKS. 

A  Group  of  Talks  by  H.  MORSE  .STEPHENS,  AGNES  REPPLIER,  President  ARTHUR  T.  HADLEY,  BRANDER 

MATTHEWS,  BLISS  PERRY,  HAMILTON  W.  MABIE.   With  an  Introduction  by  HENRY  VAN  DYKE.    12mo,  $1.50. 

The  lectures  treat  of  Poetry,  History,  Fiction,  Economics,  Biography,  Essays,  and  Criticism  ;  and  the  names 

of  the  lecturers  are  ample  guaranty  of  the  ability  and  practical  value  of  the  volume.     Bibliographical  Notes 

increase  its  usefulness,  and  Dr.  van  Dyke's  Introduction  gives  it  additional  attraction. 


THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  THE  ORIENT. 

By  CHARLES  A.  CONANT.     12mo,  $1.25. 

Mr.  Conant  has  given  special  attention  to  the  eco- 
nomic and  political  problems  growing  out  of  the  new 
relations  of  the  United  States  in  the  far  East.  His 
book  will  be  of  great  service  to  those  who  recognize 
the  tremendous  competition  which  now  drives  the  great 
manufacturing  nations,  and  who  wish  to  understand  the 
serious  questions  which  confront  the  United  States  in 
its  role  of  a  "  world  power." 

EDNAH  AND  HER  BROTHERS. 

By    ELIZA    ORNE    WHITE,    author    of    "When 
Molly  Was  Six,"  "A  Little  Girl  of  Long  Ago," 
etc.     With  four  illustrations  and  a  decorative  col- 
ored cover.     Square  12mo,  $1.00. 
Ednah  Beverly  is  nine    and   has   three    brothers 
younger  and  two  cousins  a  little  older.     They  make 
delightful  visits  to  their  grandmother  near  Boston, 
have  a  picnic  at  Nahant,  go  gypsying  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  spend  a  winter  in  New  York.     They  do  a  host  of 
interesting  things,  and  have  uncommonly  good  times. 


FORTUNE'S   BOATS. 

By  BARBARA  YECHTON,   author  of   "A  Young 

Savage,"  etc.     Crown  8vo,  $1.50. 

A  story  of  five  sisters,  one  of  whom  is  companion 
to  a  wealthy  lady  ;  one  is  a  newspaper  woman,  and 
writes  a  novel  ;  one  is  a  "  charity  visitor,"  and  another 
is  an  artist  in  arranging  pictures,  furniture  and  bric-a- 
brac.  They  encounter  sundry  young  men  —  and  this 
book  tells  the  pleasant  story  of  what  the  sisters  did  in 
their  various  callings,  and  of  the  approaches  made  in 
the  case  of  each  to  what  promised  to  be  a  desirable 
"  manifest  destiny." 

FRIEND  OR  FOE. 

A  Tale  of  Connecticut  during  the  War  of  1812.     By 
FRANK  SAMUEL  CHILD,  author  of  "An  Un- 
known Patriot."     Illustrated.     Crown  8vo,  $1.50. 
This  story  is  in  a  comparatively  new  field,  the  War 
of  1812  ;  and  while  it  has  much  of  the  spirit  of  that 
time,  it  abounds  in  adventures,  incidents  of  interests  ; 
and  has  heroes  and  heroines,  which  make  it  very  at- 
tractive to  youthful  readers. 


RIVERSIDE   BIOGRAPHICAL  SERIES. 

It  is  proposed  to  publish  a  group  of  compact  volumes  which  shall  show  History  in  the  making,  through  the 
Lives  of  Leaders  in  the  State,  the  Army  or  Navy,  the  Church,  Letters,  Science,  Invention,  Art,  Industry,  Ex- 
ploration, Pioneering,  or  others  of  the  various  fields  of  human  activity.  It  is  expected  that  during  the  coming 
year  such  biographies  (of  over  100  pages  each)  will  appear  of 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  ANDREW  JACKSON, 

WILLIAM  PENN,  LEWIS  AND  CLARK,  JAMES  B.  EADS. 

PETER  COOPER,  GENERAL  GRANT, 

Ready  October  6.     ANDREW  JACKSON. 

By  WILLIAM  GARROTT  BROWN.  A  clear,  strong,  vivid  account  of  Jackson  as  a  man,  as  a  soldier,  and 
as  a  politician.  It  is  impartial,  appreciative,  and  admirably  written.  12mo,  with  photogravure  portrait, 
75  cents  ;  School  Edition,  with  half-tone  portrait,  50  cents,  net. 


Sold  by  all  Booksellers. 
Sent  Postpaid  by 


Companp, 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


215 


NEW  BOOKS  AND  ANNOUNCEMENTS 

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Also  a  "  large-paper  "  edition,  limited  to  150  copies.    Cloth, 
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SPANISH  HIGHWAYS  AND  BYWAYS. 

By  KATHARINE  LEE  BATES,  Professor  of  English  Litera- 
ture in  Wellesley  College.    Profusely  illustrated.    Cloth, 
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Charming  companion  volumes  on  the  lines  of  "  A 

STAGE-COACH  AN 

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Buckram,  $2.50.                    HOME    LIFE 
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THE  DREAM  Fc 

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TOMMY   ANNE  AND  THE  THREE   HEARTS 

"  Has  had  a  remarkable  success  .  .  .  and  has      "A  veril 
well  deserved  it."  —  The  Evening  Transcript.            ure."  —  j 

Sicily,  Calabria,  and  Malta. 

Roma  Immortalis,"  etc.     With  28  pho-             Uniform  with 
T  BBOKMAN.    2  vols.,  8vo,  $6.00,  net.         "  AVE  ROMA 
crown  8vo,  $12.50,  net.                                      IMMORTALIS." 
lue  it  is  a  rarely  handsome  gift  book. 

ALONG  FRENCH  BYWAYS. 

By  CLIFTON  JOHNSON,  author  of  "  Among  English  Hedge- 
rows."   With  48  full-page  illustrations  and  38  vignettes 
by  the  author  in  the  text.    Crown  8vo,  $2.25. 
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BULLOCK.    Essays  in  the  Monetary  History  of 
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By  CHARLES  J.   BULLOCK,    Ph.D.,    Williams    College, 
author  of  "The  Finances  of  the  United  States  from  1775  to 
1789,  •'  etc. 

MACY.    The  American  Party  System  from   1846 
to  1861 

By  JESSE  MACT,  LL.D.,  Iowa  College;  author  of  "The 
English  Constitution,"  etc.     Cloth,  12mo. 

VINCENT.    Government  in  Switzerland 

Revised  and  Enlarged  Edition.    By  JOHN  MARTIN  VIN- 
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By  HENRY   C.    MORRIS,  formerly  United  States  Consul  at 
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GATES.    Studies  and  Appreciations 

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216 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1,  1900. 


D.  APPLETON  &  Co.'s  NEW  BOOKS 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  SOLDIER 

By  General  G.  A.  FORSYTE,  U.  S.  A.  (Retired).  Illus- 
trated by  R.  F.  ZOGBAUM.  A  new  volume  in  the  Story 
of  the  West  Series,  edited  by  RIPLEY  HITCHCOCK.  12mo, 
cloth,  $1.50. 

In  the  great  task  of  opening  the  empire  west  of  the  Missouri  the 
American  regular  soldier  has  played  a  part  as  large  and  heroic  as  it  is 
unknown.  The  purpose  of  this  book,  written  by  a  gallant  officer  who 
has  been  a  part  of  what  he  writes,  is  to  picture  the  American  soldier 
in  the  life  of  exploration,  reconnaisances,  establishing  posts,  guarding 
wagon  trains,  repressing  outbreaks,  or  battling  with  hostile  Indians, 
which  has  been  so  large  a  part  of  the  army's  active  work  for  a  hundred 
years.  To  this  work  General  Forsyth  furnishes  perspective  and  back- 
ground by  tracing  the  origin  of  the  regular  soldier,  the  popular  feeling 
regarding  him,  and  his  relation  to  politics  and  the  militia,  his  training 
and  the  manner  in  which  he  has  borne  the  brunt  of  war  at  the  outset 
of  real  war  from  the  inception  of  the  Government.  In  his  task  as  the 
pioneer  of  civilization  in  the  West  the  soldier  is  shown  as  explorer — 
witness  the  Lewis  and  Clark  and  Pitse  expeditions  —  as  the  protector 
of  wagon  trains  and  railroad  builders,  and  his  active  service  is  illus- 
trated in  General  Forsyth's  brilliant  and  dramatic  accounts  of  the 
great  Indian  campaigns  of  the  West.  His  story  of  the  soldier  presents 
a  fresh  and  thrilling  chapter  of  American  history.  The  book  does 
justice  to  the  heroic  and  little  appreciated  figure  of  the  regular  soldier, 
and  it  illustrates  the  gallant  and  thankless  achievements  of  men  like 
those  who  have  just  passed  from  us — Lawton,  Henry,  and  Liscum.  Such 
a  book  has  been  peculiarly  needed  outside  of  its  epic  quality  and 
thrilling  interest.  Americana  will  read  it  with  pride  and  with  a  won- 
der not  unmixed  with  shame  that  the  regular  soldier  has  been  so  long 
ignored  by  his  fellow-countrymen. 


COMMODORE  PAUL  JONES 

By  CYRUS  TOWNSEND  BRADY,  author  of  "Reuben 
James,"  "For  the  Freedom  of  the  Seas,"  "The  Grip  of 
Honor,"  etc.    A  new  volume  in  the  Great  Commanders 
Series,  edited  by  General  JAMES  GRANT  WILSON.    12mo, 
cloth,  with  photogravure  portrait  and  maps.     $1.50. 
As  a  writer  upon  naval  life  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  historical 
romancer,  Mr.  Brady  stands  at  the  head  of  the  American  writers  of 
this  generation.    He  is  a  historian  as  well  as  a  novelist,  and  his  his- 
torical and  biographical  work  has  attracted  marked  attention  on 
account  of  the  knowledge,  the  grasp  of  theme,  and  the  power  of  sym- 
pathetic discernment  which  he  has  shown.     A  Life  of  Paul  Jones  by 
Mr.  Brady  represents  a  peculiarly  felicitous  union  of  author  and 
theme.    There  is  no  more  picturesque  and  heroic  figure  in  naval  his- 
tory than  that  of  the  doughty  little  captain  who  fought  and  captured 
the  Serapis  when  his  own  ship  was  sinking  under  him.     His  career 
presented  features  which  have  proved  puzzling  to  some  writers,  and 
the  work  which  Mr.  Brady  has  done  in  clearing  up  his  life,  and  in 
presenting  a  lucid  narrative  enriched  with  extracts  from  Paul  Jones's 
more  important  correspondence  has  a  peculiar  and  permanent  value. 
Mr.  Brady's  vigorous  style,  his  vivid  imagination  and  dramatic  force 
are  most  happily  exhibited  in  this  book.    It  fully  deserves  to  be 
called  more  fascinating  than  most  romances. 


THE  BOERS  IN  WAR 

The  True  Story  of  the  Burghers  in  the  field.  By  HOWARD 
C.  HILLEGAS,  author  of  "  Oom  Paul's  People."  Elab- 
orately illustrated  with  photographs  by  the  author  and 
others.  Uniform  with  "Oom  Paul's  People."  12mo, 
cloth,  $1.50. 

"A  book  of  even  wider  interest  than  'Oom  Paul's  People.'  A  most 
novel  and  curious  account  of  a  military  form  that  has  never  been 
duplicated  in  modern  times  ;  exceptionally  interesting.  Mr.  Hillegas 
has  given  us  beyond  question  the  best  account  yet  published." — 
Brooklyn  Eagle. 


THE  INDIVIDUAL 

A  Study  of  Life  and  Death  by  Professor  N.  S.  SHALER  of 

Harvard  University.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

The  lucidity  and  suggestiveness  of  Professor  N.  S.  Shaler's  writ- 
ings, whether  they  are  expositions  of  scientific  themes  or  discussions 
which  touch  upon  sociological  topics,  will  induce  readers  to  await 
with  especial  interest  his  forthcoming  book, '"The  Individual:  A 
Study  of  Life  and  Death,"  which  is  a  striking  and  noble  presentation 
of  the  subject  of  death  from  a  fresh  point  of  view.  Professor  Shaler's 
book  is  one  of  deep  and  permanent  interest.  He  points  out  that  while 
the  problems  of  natural  selection  and  evolution  have  called  attention 
to  the  results  which  come  from  the  temporary  quality  of  the  individ- 
ual, they  have  not  heretofore  led  to  any  extended  interest  in  the  rela- 
tion of  the  ephemeral  nature  of  the  individual  to  the  other  individu- 
alities of  the  universe  and  to  the  method  of  its  organization.  In  his 
preface  he  writes  as  follows  : 

"  In  effect  this  book  is  a  plea  for  an  education  as  regards  the  place 
of  the  individual  life  in  the  whole  of  Nature  which  shall  be  consistent 
with  what  we  know  of  the  universe.  It  is  a  plea  for  an  understanding 
of  the  relations  of  the  person  with  the  realm  which  is,  in  the  fullest 
sense,  his  own;  with  his  fellow-beings  of  all  degrees  which  are  his 
kinsmen ;  with  the  past  and  the  future  of  which  he  is  an  integral  part. 
It  is  a  protest  against  the  idea,  bred  of  many  natural  misconceptions, 
that  a  human  being  is  something  apart  from  its  fellows ;  that  it  is  born 
into  the  world  and  dies  out  of  it  into  the  loneliness  of  a  supernatural 
realm.  It  is  this  sense  of  isolation  which,  more  than  all  else,  is  the 
curse  of  life  and  the  sting  of  death." 


THE  FOOTSTEPS  OF  A  THRONE 

A  romance  by  MAX  PEMBERTON.  Uniform  with  "Kron- 
stadt"  and  "  The  Phantom  Army."  12mo,  cloth.  Illus- 
trated. $1.50. 

Max  Pemberton's  brilliant  pen  has  shown  that "  the  true  romancer" 
lives  to-day.  Mr.  Pemberton  chooses  the  present  and  not  the  histor- 
ical past,  and  he  proves  that  the  life  of  to-day  may  suggest  romance, 
mystery,  incident,  and  adventure  in  as  fascinating  forms  as  the  life  of 
the  days  of  lance  and  armor.  His  new  novel  deals  with  Russian  social 
and  political  intrigue,  a  field  wherein  he  is  fully  at  home.  There  is  a 
charming  love  story  which  is  carried  through  a  stirring  series  of  ad- 
ventures to  a  fortunate  end.  Mr.  Pemberton's  romance,  which  is  full 
of  life  and  vivid  in  its  unflagging  interest,  shows  perhaps  the  highest 
mark  which  he  has  reached  in  his  successful  career  as  a  romancer. 


KING  STORK  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS 

A  romance  of  the  days  of  the  Dutch  Republic.  By  ALBERT 

LEE,  author  of  "  The  Key  of  the  Holy  House,"  and  "A 

Gentleman  Pensioner."   "  Appletons'  Town  and  Country 

Library."    12mo,  cloth,  $1.00;  paper,  50  cents. 

Mr.  Lee  has  earned  a  brilliant  reputation  within  the  last  two  years 

as  a  novelist  of  the  Dutch  Republic.     His  new  romance,  with  its  thril- 

ing  tale  of  the  betrayal  of  William  and  his  people  by  the  faithless 

ruler  in  whom  they  trusted,  sketches  in  a  singularly  vivid  fashion  a 

chapter  of  history  which  cannot  be  read  without  deep  interest  and 

emotion.  

Ready  Shortly. 
Hamlin  Garland's  Great  Romance: 

THE  EAGLE'S  HEART 

A  Story  of  the  West.    By  HAMLIN  GARLAND.    12mot 

cloth,  $1.50. 

Hamlin  Garland  has  recently  completed  the  novel  which  is  regarded 
as  the  strongest  and  most  important  literary  work  that  he  has  yet  done. 
The  title  is  "The  Eagle's  Heart,"  and  the  story  presents  an  epic  of  the 
West,  wherein  the  hero  with  "the  eagle's  heart"  goes  westward  and 
enters  upon  the  strange  and  picturesque  life  of  the  plains. 


D.  APPLETON  &   COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK 


THE  DIAL 

SemisfRontfjIg  Journal  of  ILiterarg  ffirtttcfem,  Btscuggfon,  anfc  Information. 


No.  sJtS.      OCTOBER  1,  1900.      Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


THE  ARTHITECTURE  OF  THE  MIND  ....  217 

NIETZSCHE  AND  HIS   PHILOSOPHY.    Sigmund 

Zeisler 219 

JAMES  MARTINEAU:   A  STUDY.    E.G.J.      .    .222 

HISTORY    OF    MODERN    PHILOSOPHY.      Paul 

Shorey 225 

A   DAUGHTER   OF   THE  REIGN  OF  TERROR. 

Josiah  Henick  Smith  .     .    , 228 

RECENT  POETRY.     William  Morton  Payne     .    .    .229 
Butler's  The  Choice  of  Achilles.  —  Jevons's  The 
Living  Past.  —  Van  Dyke's  The  Toiling  of  Felix. 

—  Peck's    Greystone    and    Porphyry.  —  Mitchell's 
The   Wager.  —  Loveman's  A   Book   of  Verses.  — 
Fiske's  The  Battle  of  Manila  Bay.  —  Trent's  Verses. 

—  Betts's  A  Garland  of  Sonnets.  —  Taylor's  Moods. 

—  Mrs.  Brooks's  The  Search  of  Ceres.  —  Miss  Crane's 
Sylva. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 233 

A  short  account  of  Modern  Italy.  —  The  story  of 
Richelieu. — A  dissection  of  the  Hexateuch. — Famous 
pets  of  Oxford  University.  —  The  latest  in  biology. 

—  A  famous  secondary  school  of  England.  —  Living 
as  an  art. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 236 

NOTES 236 

ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FALL  BOOKS      ....  237 
(In  continuation  of  the  List  contained  in  THE  DIAL 
for  Sept.  16.) 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 240 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  240 


THE  ARCHITECTURE  OF  THE  MIND. 

In  the  history  of  architecture  there  have 
been  two  predominant  types,  the  Greek  and 
the  Gothic.  Each  of  them  has  undergone  his- 
torical modifications,  in  accordance  with  the 
changing  needs  of  mankind,  but  each  has 
nevertheless  remained  true  to  its  fundamental 
ideal.  In  the  case  of  Greek  architecture,  that 
ideal  has  comprised  unity  of  design,  symmetry 
of  construction,  and  simple  definite  relations 
between  the  several  parts.  In  the  case  of 
Gothic  architecture,  it  has  meant  more  atten- 
tion to  detail  than  to  the  general  plan,  a  dis- 
regard of  severely  proportioned  lines,  and  a 
certain  degree  of  confusion  of  aim.  The  dif- 
ference between  the  Parthenon  and  "  the  Bible 
of  Amiens,"  for  example,  illustrates  a  funda- 


mental divergence  of  method  and  of  aspiration  ; 
the  two  ideal  types  are  here  exhibited  in  the 
strongest  of  possible  contrasts. 

Transferring  now  our  attention  from  the 
single  field  of  architecture  to  the  broader  domain 
of  art  in  general,  we  find  the  same  contrast  of 
type  exhibited  wherever  we  look,  although  we 
broaden  our  terms  to  correspond  with  the  wider 
view,  and  now  say  classical  and  romantic,  in- 
stead of  simply  saying  Greek  and  Gothic.  The 
Parthenon  is  classical  art,  but  so  also  are  the 
"  Antigone  "  and  the  Hermes  of  Olympia  and 
the  Pompeian  frescoes.  So  also  are  the  fugues 
of  Bach  and  the  canvases  of  David,  and  the 
"  Hellenics  "  of  Landor.  On  the  other  hand, 
Amiens  cathedral  is  romantic  art,  but  so  also 
are  the  sculptures  of  Michelangelo  and  the 
plays  of  Shakspeare  and  the  paintings  of  Ros- 
setti.  In  some  sense  even,  as  a  foreshadowing 
of  the  romanticism  of  the  modern  Christian 
world,  the  measures  of  Pindar  and  of  Virgil 
escape  from  the  restraints  of  the  classical  spirit, 
and  take  the  freer  range  which  we  attribute 
primarily  to  the  form  of  art  which  it  was  the 
province  of  the  Middle  Ages  and  the  Renais- 
sance to  develope  in  all  its  fulness  of  creative 
splendor. 

It  does  not  seem  to  us  an  altogether  fanciful 
analogy  to  find  in  the  domain  of  the  intellectual 
life,  as  distinguished  from  the  creative,  a  sim- 
ilar divergence  of  fundamental  types.  We  find 
the  intellect  whose  characteristics  are  unity 
and  symmetry  and  definite  relationship  of  ac- 
tivities ;  and  we  find  the  intellect  with  whose 
characteristics  these  are  strongly  contrasted, 
to  which  they  are  often  diametrically  opposed. 
In  the  first  category  we  have  the  makers  of 
systems,  the  men  whose  works  exhibit  an  archi- 
tectonic character  so  evident  that  our  attention 
is  directed  to  the  coherent  whole  rather  than 
to  the  separate  details.  That  is,  each  detail, 
however  significant  in  itself,  becomes  much 
more  significant  when  considered  in  relation 
to  the  entire  logical  structure.  Such  an  intel- 
lect keeps  itself  well  in  hand,  restrains  the 
tendency  to  capricious  expression,  is  firmly 
based  upon  certain  fundamental  ideas,  and 
brings  every  vagrant  fancy  wherewith  it  is  beset 
to  the  primary  test  of  this  essential  conformity. 
We  recognize  this  type  of  mind  in  Euclid,  in 
Aquinas,  in  Spinoza,  in  Kant,  and  in  Mr. 


218 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


Herbert  Spencer.  In  each  individual  case,  we 
realize  that  the  work  must  stand  or  fall  as  a 
whole,  that,  given  a  logical  method  of  proced- 
ure, it  will  stand  if  the  foundations  are  sound, 
and  that  if  they  are  shaky  the  entire  structure 
must  totter  to  its  fall. 

In  the  second  of  our  categories  we  find  those 
discursive  intellects  that  are  content  to  exhibit 
the  separate  facets  of  truth  as  it  is  revealed  to 
them,  that  take  sufficient  satisfaction  in  its 
sparkling  gleam,  and  make  no  effort  to  bring 
the  light  to  a  single  focus.  They  feel  instinc- 
tively that  truth  as  a  whole  must  be  self-con- 
sistent, and  leave  to  more  systematic  minds 
the  task  of  reconciling  seeming  contradictions 
and  of  elucidating  whatever  appears  paradox- 
ical. Such  minds,  when  actively  at  work,  live 
intensely  in  the  present  moment,  leaving  the 
past  and  the  future  to  care  for  themselves,  and 
giving  slight  heed  to  the  accusation  of  inconsist- 
ency. To  this  intellectual  type  we  accredit 
Cicero  (the  epistolary  and  philosophical  Cicero) 
Montaigne,  Samuel  Johnson  (with  all  his 
crabbed  prejudices),  Voltaire,  Hume,  Ruskin, 
and  Emerson.  Probably  the  traditional  clas- 
sification which  makes  of  all  men  by  nature 
either  Aristotelians  or  Platonists  is  not  very 
different  from  that  which  we  have  here  sought 
to  indicate. 

Each  of  these  contrasted  modes  of  the  intel- 
lectual life  has  its  own  particular  attendant 
dangers,  and  each  needs  the  corrective  influ- 
ence of  the  other.  In  the  former  case,  there 
is  always  the  danger  of  doctrinaireism,  of  twist- 
ing the  truth  to  fit  the  preconceived  scheme,  of 
seeking  to  demand  acceptance  by  the  sheer 
force  of  logical  coherency.  Reverting  to  our 
architectural  figure,  there  is  always  the  danger 
of  magnifying  the  importance  of  the  structure 
qua  structure,  and  of  the  consequent  failure  to 
adapt  it  to  human  needs.  In  the  latter  case, 
there  is  always  the  danger  of  encouraging  a 
lax  mental  habit,  of  holding  the  requirements  of 
logic  too  cheap,  of  allowing  the  impulse  or  the 
emotion  of  the  moment  to  usurp  the  sway  of 
the  sovereign  reason.  The  resulting  structure 
is  apt  to  be  comparable  to  one  of  these  com- 
posite buildings  in  which  the  eye  is  engaged  by 
many  fascinating  details,  but  in  which  it  can 
take  no  satisfaction  as  a  whole. 

The  natural  bent  of  each  individual  who 
leads  the  intellectual  life  in  any  sort  will  fix 
the  essential  type  to  be  aimed  at.  Each  type 
has  its  peculiar  satisfactions  no  less  than  its 
peculiar  dangers.  There  are  some  who  can 
conceive  of  no  other  ambition  than  that  which 


seeks  to  make  life  of  one  piece,  to  shape  its 
intellectual  activities  into  a  consistent  whole. 
Every  new  idea  must  be  brought  to  the  test  of 
those  already  accepted,  must  be  examined  and 
reexamined  in  the  light  of  the  principles  that 
have  been  adopted  as  fundamentally  important. 
This  attitude  toward  truth  is  maintained  at  the 
cost  of  much  strenuous  endeavor,  the  severe 
repression  of  many  a  natural  impulse,  and  the 
stern  rejection  of  many  a  pleasing  fancy. 
Viewed  in  retrospect,  the  reward  seems  suffi- 
cient ;  but  it  is  hard  to  keep  the  chords  of  the 
mind  strung  to  the  requisite  pitch,  and  the 
temptation  at  times  becomes  great  to  break 
loose  from  the  stiffening  bonds  of  prescription, 
and  give  unimpeded  play  to  the  faculties. 
Minds  of  the  other  type  —  and  this  is  no  doubt 
the  prevailing  one  —  are  considerably  freer  in 
their  activities,  and  thereby  more  receptive  of 
new  impressions.  The  hobgoblin  inconsistency 
has  no  terrors  for  them  ;  they  are  prepared  at 
any  time  to  take  a  new  intellectual  start,  to 
ignore  past  conclusions,  and  to  formulate  fresh 
ones  in  accordance  with  the  new  light  in  which 
some  truth  seems  to  stand  revealed.  The  pure 
reason  is  no  longer  the  sole  dictator  of  thought, 
but  shares  its  empire  in  some  measure  with  the 
forces  that  control  the  emotional  life.  This 
attitude  finds  its  satisfactions  in  the  intense 
realizations  of  the  moment  which  it  permits,  in 
the  part  which  it  allows  to  the  sense  of  won- 
der, and  in  the  ever-alluring  prospect  of  com- 
ing upon  new  gateways  of  truth.  To  declare 
for  one  or  the  other  of  these  attitudes  is  prob- 
ably futile ;  each  thinking  mind  finds  its  choice 
already  made  by  the  time  the  instinctive  and 
unconscious  period  of  thought  is  past.  And 
whether  the  philosophy  of  conduct  be  built  up 
by  the  logical  method  of  a  Spinoza  or  by  the 
haphazard  method  of  a  Montaigne,  the  prac- 
tical outcome  is  apt  to  be  much  the  same  with 
minds  of  normal  endowment. 

We  have  discussed  these  contrasting  men- 
tal attitudes  with  reference  to  the  individuals 
whom  they  primarily  concern  ;  let  us  in  con- 
clusion discuss  them  with  reference  to  their 
influence  upon  the  stream  of  human  thought. 
In  the  long  run,  do  the  systematic  thinkers 
determine  the  intellectual  currents  of  history, 
leaving  only  its  eddies  and  surface-ripples  to 
be  shaped  by  the  discursive  thinkers?  Out- 
first  thought  is  that  they  do.  When  we  think 
of  the  immense  authority,  exercised  for  cen- 
tury after  century,  of  an  Aristotle  or  an 
Aquinas,  it  seems  as  if  such  were  the  only  in- 
tellectual forces  that  have  counted.  But  a  little 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


219 


reflection  will  bring  the  counter-opinion  into 
view,  and  make  us  doubt  our  hasty  initial  as- 
sumption. Systems  have  their  day  and  become 
stripped  of  their  authority,  whereas  no  sincere 
expression  of  the  human  spirit,  struck  out  in 
the  glow  of  some  moment  of  intense  vision, 
ever  wholly  loses  its  validity.  This  is  why  the 
poets,  on  the  whole,  have  influenced  the  thoughts 
of  men  more  than  the  philosophers.  We  may 
take  leave  to  doubt  whether  the  "  Summa 
Theologies  "  has,  all  things  considered,  proved 
so  potent  and  penetrating  an  influence  upon 
religious  thought  as  the  "  De  Imitatione 
Christi,"  and  we  may  confidently  assert  that, 
in  the  total  reckoning,  philosophical  thought 
owes  a  greater  debt  to  Plato  than  it  does  to 
Aristotle.  The  influence  of  the  unsystematic 
writers  is  less  imposing,  but  it  seems  to  be 
farther-reaching  than  that  of  the  architectonic 
thinkers.  It  is,  after  all,  the  open  mind  that 
makes  possible  all  intellectual  progress,  and 
the  mind  of  the  systematic  philosopher  has  too 
often  but  a  single  outlook,  which  may  be  in 
the  wrong  direction,  turned  toward  the  fading 
past  rather  than  toward  the  glowing  future  of 
human  thought. 


NIETZSCHE   AND    HIS   PHILOSOPHY. 

By  the  death  of  Friedrich  Nietzche,  the  world 
has  lost  the  most  radical  philosopher  of  the  century, 
and  one  of  the  most  picturesquely  eccentric  figures 
in  all  literature.  While  at  first  he  was  under  the 
influence  of  the  philosophy  of  Schopenhauer  and 
the  artistic  and  aesthetic  views  of  Richard  Wagner, 
he  soon  entered  the  arena  as  an  absolutely  inde- 
pendent thinker,  with  an  entirely  original  philoso- 
phy, whose  avowed  object  was  to  reform  all  modern 
culture,  yea,  to  bring  about  a  new  epoch  in  the 
history  of  human  civilization. 

The  aphoristical  style  of  the  works  of  this  second 
and  principal  period  of  Nietzsche's  literary  activity 
was  a  departure  from  all  precedent.  His  work  was 
done  almost  exclusively  in  the  open  air.  Stopping 
still  in  his  walks,  or  lying  outstretched  in  a  Swiss 
or  Italian  landscape,  he  would  fix  upon  loose  sheets 
the  thoughts  on  men  and  things  which  crossed  his 
brain,  recording  all  the  joy  and  pain  of  his  soul  in 
scintillating  epigrams,  full  of  deep  thought,  boldness, 
and  sarcasm.  Undoubtedly  he  has  devoted  much 
labor  to  the  polishing  of  his  sentences,  so  as  to  find 
the  most  expressive  word,  the  most  picturesque 
phrase,  the  most  striking  simile.  His  sentences  have 
an  enrapturing  splendor,  a  bewitching  grace,  and  a 
dramatic  animation  to  which  must  very  largely  be 
attributed  the  great  effect  which  his  works  have 
had  upon  his  readers.  Even  those  who  do  not 
admit  the  inspiration  of  Nietzsche  the  prophet, 


can  relish  Nietzsche  the  writer.  He  never  wearies 
the  reader  by  following  the  same  train  of  thought 
for  more  than  a  page  at  a  time,  though  it  is  true 
that  the  same  idea  crops  up  in  fragmentary  form 
over  and  over  again.  But  no  less  wonderful  than 
his  power  of  language  are  the  scope  and  breadth  of 
his  observations,  the  depth  of  his  borings  into  the 
human  heart,  the  boldness  of  his  inconoclasm,  the 
Promethean  presumption  with  which  he  tramples 
under  foot  all  the  received  standards  of  morality. 

The  starting  point  of  Nietzsche's  philosophy  is 
the  formula  that  the  "  will  to  power  "  is  the  main- 
spring of  life.  "What  is  good  ?  "  he  asks.  "  All  that 
increases  the  feeling  of  power,  will  to  power,  power 
itself,  in  man."  "What  is  happiness  ?  "  "  The  feeling 
that  power  increases,  that  resistance  is  overcome." 

The  will  to  power  is  the  tendency  of  every  man 
to  assert  his  ego,  to  give  dominance  to  his  inten- 
tions. Nietzsche  finds  not  only  in  all  the  manifes- 
tations of  unadulterated  human  nature,  but  of 
nature  generally,  this  tyrannical  and  inexorable 
assertion  of  claims  to  power.  Now,  if  one  aims  at 
predominance  and  extension  of  power,  it  means 
subordination  and  subjection  for  another.  Then 
only  can  a  higher  culture  be  created,  where  there 
are  two  clearly  distinguishable  castes,  the  one  to  do 
the  work  of  society,  the  other  to  enjoy  true  leisure, 
a  caste  of  compulsory  workers  and  a  caste  of  free 
or  voluntary  workers.  The  ennoblement  of  the 
human  race — or,  as  Nietzsche  calls  it,  —  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  type  of  "man"  —  is  the  work  of  an 
aristocratic  society,  of  a  state  of  castes  built  upon 
suppression,  subjection,  and  force.  A  thoroughly 
felt  and  asserted  difference  between  class  and  class, 
the  continuous  looking  down  by  the  dominant  caste 
upon  their  subjects  and  tools,  and  the  equally  con- 
tinuous practice  of  the  two  castes  in  commanding 
and  obeying,  respectively,  result  in  what  Nietzsche 
styles  the  "pathos  of  distance."  Without  this, 
there  could  never  have  arisen  that  other  more  mys- 
terious pathos,  that  desire  for  a  constantly  growing 
increase  of  the  distance  within  the  soul  itself,  the 
evolution  of  ever  higher  conditions,  in  short,  the 
elevation  of  the  type  of  man. 

A  healthy  aristocracy  which  will  be  a  guarantee 
of  ascending  culture  cannot  exist,  according  to 
Nietzsche,  unless  it  realizes  that  it  is  itself  the  aim 
and  object  of  human  society.  It  must  necessarily 
accept  without  the  slightest  scruples  of  conscience 
the  sacrifice  of  countless  human  beings  who  for  its 
sake  must  be  depreciated  to  imperfect  beings,  to 
slaves  and  tools.  The  root  of  such  an  aristocracy 
is  the  conviction  that  society  does  not  exist  for  its 
own  sake,  but  merely  as  the  frame  and  ground- 
work upon  which  a  select  kind  of  being,  to-wit, 
that  aristocracy,  rises  to  the  height  of  its  task,  the 
elevation  of  the  type  of  man ;  comparable  to  those 
climbing  plants  of  Java  which  with  their  arms  em- 
brace the  oak  tree  so  long  that  finally  they  creep  and 
rise  high  above  it,  but,  supported  by  it,  develop 
and  exhibit  their  crown  in  a  higher  and  freer  sphere. 

Thus,    egoism,  according    to   Nietzsche,    is  an 


220 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


essential  attribute  of  the  noble  soul  which  accepts 
the  fact  of  its  egoism  without  any  question  mark, 
without  the  slightest  feeling  of  hardness,  force,  or 
arbitrariness  ;  on  the  contrary,  as  something  which 
is  founded  in  the  very  nature  of  things,  as  some- 
thing which  is  justice  itself.  The  noble  soul  admits 
that  there  are  others  entitled  to  equal  rights  with 
itself;  it  honors  itself  in  them  and  in  the  rights 
which  it  accords  to  them ;  it  doubts  not  that  the  ex- 
change of  honors  and  privileges  is  of  the  essence 
of  all  commerce  between  equals. 

It  is  clear  to  Nietzsche  that  a  dominant  class 
must  have  different  forms  and  views  of  life  than  a 
serving  class.  In  his  review  of  the  many  different 
systems  of  morality,  be  they  coarser  or  finer,  which 
among  different  peoples  and  at  different  times  have 
governed  the  conduct  of  men,  Nietzsche  discovers 
two  general  types  :  a  morality  of  aristocracy,  which 
he  calls  Master  Morality,  and  a  morality  of  the  domi- 
nated class,  which  he  calls  Slave  Morality.  Mas- 
ter Morality  distinguishes  between  good  and  bad ; 
Slave  Morality  between  good  and  evil.  In  the 
case  of  Master  Morality,  the  exultation  and  pride 
of  the  soul  is  valued  as  "  good,"  while  everything 
contrary  to  these  conditions  of  the  soul  is  valued 
as  "  bad."  "  Good  "  is  everything  which  the  high- 
minded  nobleman  does ;  "  bad  "  or  contemptible,  is 
everything  which  the  noble  spirit  dislikes.  Bad 
and  contemptible  is  the  coward,  the  uneasy,  the  small, 
the  suspicious,  the  conventionally  moral,  the  relig- 
iously scrupulous,  the  one  who  is  ever  thinking  of 
narrow  utility,  the  one  who  humbles  himself,  the  dog 
kind  of  man  who  tolerates  mistreatment  of  himself. 

Thus  all  noble  morality  and  view  of  life  arise 
from  aristocracy's  triumphant  approval  of  its  own 
doings.  Not  so  with  the  morality  and  view  of  life 
of  all  dominated  and  dependent  classes,  the  so-called 
Slave  Morality.  There  the  hatred  of  aristocracy, 
the  craving  for  an  alleviation  of  their  condition,  is 
uppermost  in  their  moral  valuations.  The  slave 
has  a  justifiable  suspicion  of  everything  which  is 
honored  as  good  by  the  dominant  class.  For  what- 
ever is  there  "  good  "  must  needs  hurt  the  oppressed, 
and  is  therefore  regarded  as  "evil"  in  Slave 
Morality.  On  the  other  hand,  the  slaves  have 
gratitude  and  appreciation  for  all  the  qualities 
which  tend  to  lighten  the  burdens  of  the  suffering 
and  oppressed — like  pity,  charity,  warm  hearted- 
ness,  patience,  industry,  kindness.  All  these  quali- 
ties are  in  Slave  Morality  classed  as  "  good." 

And  now  we  can  understand  Nietzsche's  form- 
ula, "  beyond  good  and  evil."  It  means  a  realm 
removed  from  Slave  Morality,  in  which  men  are 
"  superior  to  the  illusions  of  moral  sentiment." 

Nietzsche  deplores  that  in  the  battle  between 
Master  Morality  and  Slave  Morality,  between 
Roman  aristocratic  method  of  valuation  on  the  one 
hand  and  Jewish-Christian-plebeian  on  the  other, 
the  latter  has  been  victorious  along  the  whole  line. 
The  entire  European  civilization  has  received  its 
decisive  feature  through  the  catchwords  of  Slave 
Morality,  "good"  and  "evil."  Hence  the  ten- 


dency of  European  culture  towards  producing  a 
coddled,  pitiful,  weak,  and  low-minded  race,  by 
valuing  the  greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number 
as  the  highest  maxim  of  society.  This  crime  against 
life  should  be  reversed  by  a  thoroughgoing  "  re- 
valuing "  of  ethical  values.  This  tendency  should 
be  arrested  by  aristocracy.  It  should  deliver  itself 
from  the  enervating  principles  of  "  good  and  evil," 
should  place  itself  "  beyond  good  and  evil,"  should 
accept  the  only  mode  of  valuation  becoming  to  it, 
namely,  the  distinction  between  "  good "  and 
"  bad  "  or  "  contemptible  ;  "  it  should  again  as- 
sume the  reins  of  mastery,  subjugate  the  masses 
and  spoliate  them  for  its  purposes;  in  short,  it 
should  again  hold  in  high  regard,  and  bring  to  fur- 
ther development,  the  proud  instincts  innate  in 
man,  and  thereby  save  at  least  itself  from  degener- 
ation and  decadence.  With  this  achievement,  a 
new,  a  higher,  a  more  beautiful,  a  more  powerful 
type  of  man  will  have  been  created.  This  ideal 
type  Nietzsche  calls  "  Uebermensch  " —  over-man, 
beyond-man.  To  cultivate  these  noble  instincts, 
to  breed  this  higher  race  everywhere  and  in  suffi- 
cient numbers  to  fulfil  their  historical  mission, 
Nietzsche  advises  those  who  confess  this  master 
morality  of  "good"  and  "bad" — the  "emanci- 
pated spirits,"  as  he  calls  them  —  to  live  in  solitude, 
away  from  the  pitiable  morality  of  the  present  so- 
ciety, which  must  make  life  unbearable  to  them. 
In  "Thus  spake  Zarathustra,"  Nietzsche  apos- 
trophises these  free  spirits  and  prepares  them  for 
their  tremendous  task. 

One  may  easily  imagine  that  this  apostle  of  aris- 
tocracy has  no  patience  with  the  doctrine  of  the 
equal  rights  of  man.  He  thunders  against  it  in  a 
dozen  keys  and  in  a  hundred  variations. 

"The  bloody  farce  with  which  the  French  Revolution 
played  itself  out,  its  '  immorality,'  is  of  little  account  to  me  ; 
what  I  hate  is  its  Rousseau-mora/ity —  the  so-called  '  truths  ' 
of  the  Revolution  with  which  it  operates  to  the  present  day, 
and  wins  over  to  itself  all  the  shallow  and  mediocre.  The 
doctrine  of  equality  !  But  there  exists  no  deadlier  poison  ; 
for  it  seems  to  be  preached  by  justice  itself,  while  it  does 
away  with  justice.  .  .  .  '  Equality  to  the  equal,  inequality  to 
the  unequal ' — that  would  be  the  true  teaching  of  justice ;  and 
the  corollary  likewise,  '  Never  make  the  unequal  equal.' — 
That  such  dreadful  and  bloody  events  happened  around  the 
doctrine  of  equality,  has  given  a  sort  of  glory  end  luridness 
to  this  *  modern  idea'  par  excellence  ;  so  that  the  Revolution 
as  a  spectacle  has  seduced  even  the  noblest  minds.  That  is, 
after  all,  no  reason  for  esteeming  it  any  higher." 

Nietzsche  is  the  deadly  foe  of  Christian  morality, 
of  the  teachings  of  the  Church,  because  it  antag- 
onizes the  preservative  instincts  of  life  as  sinful,  as 
temptations ;  because  it  is  inimical  to  happiness  on 
earth ;  because  it  takes  the  part  of  the  weak  and 
the  low  against  the  higher  type  of  man.  He  regards 
the  concepts  of  "  the  other  world,"  "  last  judgment," 
"  immortality  of  the  soul,"  as  inventions  of  the 
priest,  as  torture  instruments  by  which  he  designed 
to  and  did  become  master.  He  arraigns  the  man 
of  to-day,  who  cannot  be  ignorant  of  these  things, 
for  still  professing  Christianity.  With  terrible  force 
he  exposes  our  hypocrisy  by  contrasting  our  un- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


221 


Christian  acts  in  public  and  private  life  with  our 
Christian  professions.     Says  he  : 

"  What  happens  to  the  last  sentiment  of  seemliness,  of 
respect  for  ourselves,  when  our  statesmen  even,  otherwise  a 
very  unbiased  species  of  men,  and  practical  Anti-Christians 
through  and  through,  call  themselves  Christians  at  the  present 
day,  and  go  to  the  communion  ?  .  .  .  A  prince  at  the  head  of 
his  regiments,  splendid  as  the  expression  of  the  selfishness 
and  elation  of  his  nation,  —  but,  without  any  shame,  confess- 
ing himself  a  Christian  I  .  .  .  Whom  then  does  Christianity 
deny  ?  What  does  it  call  the  '  world '  ?  To  be  a  soldier,  a 
judge,  a  patriot ;  to  defend  one's  self ;  to  guard  one's  honor  ; 
to  seek  one's  advantage ;  to  be  proud.  .  .  .  All  practice  of 
every  hour,  all  instincts,  all  valuations  realizing  themselves 
in  deeds,  are  at  present  An ti- Christian  ;  what  a  monster  of 
falsity  must  modern  man  be  that  he  nevertheless  is  not 
ashamed  to  be  still  called  a  Christian." 

Nietzsche's  great  mistake  was  to  fight  all  tradi- 
tional morality  as  such,  because  some  of  its  teachings 
were  repulsive  to  him,  because  some  of  its  teachers, 
especially  the  early  disciples  of  Christ,  went  so  far 
as  to  demand  the  annihilation  of  all  natural  instincts 
of  man.  The  code  of  Christian  morality,  with  its 
rigid  asceticism,  its  thorough  negation  of  every 
positive  desire  or  will,  can  certainly  not  be  more 
mistaken  than  Nietzsche's  im moral  ism,  with  its  un- 
bounded license,  self-glorification,  and  self-indul- 
gence. If  it  is  really  necessary  to  revise  our  code  of 
morals  —  and  that  might  be  admitted,  —  then  the 
first  thing  necessary  is  to  overcome  this  one-sided 
prejudice  against  the  traditional  concepts  of  moral- 
ity as  a  whole. 

The  essence  and  end  of  all  morality  is  the  liber- 
ating of  some  latent  force  which  is  needed  for  the 
solution  of  the  problems  of  civilization.  The  work 
of  Christianity  was  to  prepare  and  fit  the  half-bar- 
barous peoples  of  Europe  for  the  task  of  civilization, 
for  which  there  was  slumbering  in  them  an  abun- 
dance of  latent  power.  But  this  latent  power  had 
first  to  be  made  free  and  available  by  a  thorough 
cleansing  of  their  hearts  and  minds  from  the  brutal 
instincts  and  desires,  the  coarse  and  primitive 
thoughts  and  views  which  possessed  them.  The 
purgative  applied  by  Christianity  to  accomplish 
this  cleansing  process  was  asceticism,  the  negation 
of  the  senses.  It  was  an  heroic  remedy ;  but 
whether  too  heroic  or  not,  one  might  well  pause  for 
an  answer.  It  is  this  remedy  which  Nietzsche  so 
severely  condemns.  He  judges  all  morality  merely 
by  its  negative  means  and  methods.  Many  of  these 
we  can  and  do  safely  dispense  with  nowadays, 
many  of  these  we  might  in  our  present  state  of  civi- 
lization recognize  even  as  evils.  Nietzsche  has 
irrefutably  established  the  hollowness  and  hypocrisy 
of  many  a  paragraph  in  our  code  of  morality.  We 
might  even  disregard  some  of  its  positive  commands. 
For  example,  it  is  not  necessary  that  we  should 
love  our  neighbor  as  well  as  we  do  ourselves,  and 
we  do  not  do  it,  either.  But  with  all  that,  unless 
we  are  willing  to  respect  the  rights  of  others, 
whether  rich  or  poor,  mighty  or  weak;  unless  we 
accord  equal  opportunities  to  all,  no  matter  how 
constituted  ;  unless  we  fight  selfishness  and  condemn 
the  spoliation  of  the  weak  and  unfortunate,  there  is 


an  end  of  civilized  society,  and  we  resolve  ourselves 
into  a  band  of  brutes.  The  aggregate  of  human 
happiness  is  certainly  more  increased  by  uplifting 
the  masses  than  by  the  elevation  of  the  few  through 
the  humbling  of  the  many. 

Nor  are  the  concepts  of  God,  immortality,  heaven 
and  hell,  indispensable ;  for  we  know  there  are 
men,  and  many  of  them,  who  without  such  beliefs 
are  honest  and  honorable,  kind,  and  tolerant ;  who 
love  truth,  despise  falsehood,  practice  charity,  con- 
quer egoism,  all  without  hope  of  reward  or  fear  of 
punishment  in  this  or  another  world ;  who  recognize 
the  existence  of  moral  laws  of  nature,  as  they  do 
the  laws  of  the  physical  world ;  who  are  ethical  to 
the  core  without  believing  in  any  creed ;  who  are 
religious  without  religion.  No,  it  is  not  necessary 
to  be  a  Christian,  nor  even  a  believer  in  any  posi- 
tive religion,  to  admit  that  without  morality  (by 
which,  it  will  be  perceived,  I  do  not  mean  the  whole 
traditional  code  of  morals)  the  world  would  be 
chaos.  Nietzsche,  however,  arraigns  the  whole 
system  as  a  positive  evil,  as  inimical  to  the  instincts 
of  life. 

The  trouble  with  Nietzsche's  criticisms  is  that 
he  became  so  enamored  of  the  one  fixed  idea  that 
the  many  must  be  kept  in  subjugation  in  order  that 
the  few  might  be  the  stronger,  freer,  nobler,  and 
happier,  which  idea  he  expresses  by  the  formula 
"pathos  of  distance,"  that  our  civilization  —  which 
tends  to  diffuse  light  and  warmth,  freedom  and 
happiness,  to  strengthen  the  weak,  to  free  the  en- 
slaved, to  enlighten  the  ignorant,  to  elevate  the  low 
—  appears  from  his  view  point  as  decadence  and 
degeneration.  He  complains  that  our  civilization 
and  its  methods  are  "  anti-natural."  Of  course 
they  are.  Civilization  and  naturalness  are  neces- 
sarily contradictory  terms.  But  to  return  to  natur- 
alness would  be  to  efface  history,  to  retrace  our 
steps  to  the  cradle  of  the  human  family  —  not  that 
cradle  which  is  supposed  to  have  stood  in  Paradise, 
but  the  one  to  which  Darwin  refers ;  to  become 
cannibals  or  beasts  of  prey.  This  is  certainly  not 
Nietzsche's  ideal.  If  not,  why  thunder  against 
"anti-naturalness"  ? 

Has  Nietzsche's  ingenious,  brilliant,  and  original 
attempt  to  arrest  the  victorious  course  of  socialism, 
to  resist  the  powerful  onslaught  of  the  masses  in 
their  fight  for  economic  and  social  equality,  any 
chance  of  success  ?  I  think  not.  His  aristocratic 
theory,  the  principles  of  his  "  beyond  morality," 
run  directly  counter  to  the  ethical  evolution  of  man- 
kind for  millenniums.  This  evolution  clearly  tends 
to  increase  constantly  the  circle  of  those  who  are 
permitted  to  participate  in  the  blessings  of  civiliza- 
tion, the  advantages  of  education,  the  opportunities 
of  free  government.  The  wheel  of  history  runs 
with  irresistible  force  in  the  direction  of  uplifting 
the  masses.  Its  course  cannot  be  stopped  even  by 
the  extraordinary  power  and  genius  of  a  Nietzsche, 
for  it  is  propelled  by  that  mightiest  of  all  forces  — 

^'  SIGMUND  ZEISLEE. 


222 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


JAMES  MARTJNEATJ:   A  STUDY.* 


No  sweeping  disparagement  of  Mr.  Jack- 
son's learned  and  thoughtful  life  of  James 
Martineau  is  intended  when  we  say  that  the 
general  reader  is  likely  to  find  it  lacking  in 
the  order  of  facts  which,  since  Boswell,  have 
formed  the  recognized  staple  of  biography. 
Dr.  Martineau  certainly  was  not  the  ideal 
quarry  for  a  Boswell.  He  seems  to  have  led, 
so  far  as  is  humanly  possible,  the  purely  intel- 
lectual life,  and  his  memory  is  not  of  the  sort 
about  which  anecdotes  naturally  cluster.  Still, 
we  think  that  the  portrait  drawn  by  Mr.  Jack- 
son is  unduly  deficient  in  warmth  and  color, 
and  that  had  he  shown  us  more  of  Dr.  Mar- 
tineau as  Dr.  Martineau  showed  himself  to 
those  who  knew  him  familiarly  in  life,  he  would 
have  produced  a  more  life-like  as  well  as  a 
more  attractive  picture.  In  fact,  the  impres- 
sion one  gets  of  Dr.  Martineau  from  Mr.  Jack- 
son's (in  point  of  ordinary  biographical  detail) 
somewhat  lean  and  unsatisfying  pages  suggests 
Heine's  description  of  Mme.  de  Stael's  con- 
ception of  the  Germans  —  a  race  of  men,  that 
is  to  say,  "  without  livers,  mere  animated  pieces 
of  virtue  wandering  over  snowfields,  and  dis- 
coursing of  naught  but  morals  and  philosophy." 
Even  in  that  section  of  his  book  which  is  pro- 
fessedly devoted  to  the  portrayal  of  Dr.  Mar- 
tineau "  The  Man,"  it  is  rather  mainly  as  the 
austere  exemplar  of  high  moral  and  intellectual 
living  that  Mr.  Jackson  elects  to  consider  his 
hero ;  and  this,  he  thinks,  should  "  suffice " 
for  his  readers.  "  Of  the  quiet  hours  spent 
with  him,"  he  disappointingly  assumes,  "  I 
need  not  tell." 

"  Suffice  that  they  fixed  in  my  mind  the  impression 
of  a  sage,  a  hero,  and  a  saint;  of  one  who  might  con- 
verse with  Plato,  and  dare  with  Luther,  and  revere 
with  Tauler;  an  habitue  of  the  Academy,  who  thrilled 
to  the  Categorical  Imperative,  and  who  knelt  at  the 
Cross." 

To  the  Kantian  inquirer  it  will  be  pleasant  and 
significant  to  learn  that  Dr.  Martineau  was  at 
once  a  Christian,  and  to  some  extent  a  walker 
in  the  "  olive  grove  of  Academe,"  and  that  he 
could  also  "  thrill  to  the  Categorical  Impera- 
tive"; but  we  suspect  the  plain  reader,  who 
seeks  in  biography  mainly  the  portrait  of  a 
man,  will  sigh  for  something  more  concrete  and 

*  JAMES  MARTINEAU  :  A  Study  and  a  Biography.  By  Rev. 
A.  W.  Jackson.  With  portraits.  Boston :  Little,  Brown , 
&Co. 


definite  than  is  to  be  found  in  these  scholastic 
flights  of  Mr.  Jackson's. 

Simplicity  of  style  is  a  merit  which  Mr. 
Jackson  seems  at  times  to  consciously  avoid, 
especially  in  that  section  of  his  book  where  it 
ought  to  be  cultivated.  For  instance,  after 
telling  us  in  plain  English  that  Dr.  Martineau 
was  in  figure  a  "  spare  "  man,  he  carefully  adds, 
"Of  adipose  tissue  he  had  no  superfluity"; 
while  the  birth  of  a  child  is  thus  chronicled : 
"  Anon  another  came  to  bless  them,  a  baby 
Helen,  an  angel  visitant  that  stayed  not  long." 

But  whatever  may  be  Mr.  Jackson's  short- 
comings as  a  narrator  of  simple  events,  and  as 
a  biographer  in  the  usual  and  we  think  the 
proper  sense  of  the  term,  there  can  hardly  be 
a  question  as  to  his  signal  merits  as  a  critical 
though  in  general  acquiescent  and  admiring 
expositor  of  Dr.  Martineau's  philosophico- 
religious  creed  and  teaching.  As  an  exposi- 
tion, therefore,  of  Dr.  Martineau's  teaching, 
and  as  an  account  of  the  progressive  steps  by 
which  the  force  of  that  teaching  was  borne  in 
upon  a  mind  not  altogether  inclined  to  accept 
it  as  true  in  its  entirety,  Mr.  Jackson's  book 
must  be  pronounced  a  most  satisfying  and  nu- 
tritive one.  Mr.  Jackson's  original  plan,  in 
preparing  the  volume,  was  to  present  a  simple 
account  of  Dr.  Martineau's  life,  to  be  followed 
by  an  analysis  of  his  doctrines.  "  As  I  medi- 
tated, however,"  he  says,  "  the  thought  occurred 
to  me  that  I  might  make  the  volume  not  only 
an  account  of  Dr.  Martineau,  but  also  an  utter- 
ance of  my  own  mind ;  and  these  two  aims 
have  ruled  my  labor."  After  briefly  outlining 
the  general  course  of  his  own  gradual  conver- 
sion to  the  opinions  of  his  master,  Mr.  Jackson 
adds,  "  Thus  have  I  toiled  on,  as  serenely  sat- 
isfied with  Dr.  Martineau  as  was  John  Fiske 
with  Herbert  Spencer  when  he  wrote  the  elo- 
quent volumes  of  his  Cosmic  Philosophy." 

James  Martineau  came  of  French  Huguenot 
stock,  his  refugee  ancestor  being  Gaston  Mar- 
tineau of  Bergerac,  who  came  to  England  after 
the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  and 
settled  at  Norwich,  where  he  practiced  as  a 
surgeon.  It  was  at  Norwich  that  James  Mar- 
tineau was  born,  on  April  21,  1805.  From 
eight  to  fourteen  years  of  age  he  attended  the 
Norwich  grammar  school,  whence  he  was  trans- 
ferred, at  the  instance  of  his  sister  Harriet,  to 
a  boarding  school  at  Bristol,  then  under  the 
head-mastership  of  Dr.  Lant  Carpenter,  whose 
influence  upon  his  rarely  promising  pupil 
proved  to  be  as  abiding  as  it  was  wholesome. 
On  Dr.  Carpenter,  as  on  two  later  preceptors  of 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


223 


Dr.  Martineau's,  James  Kenrick  and  Charles 
Wellbeloved,  Mr.  Jackson  bestows  some  appre- 
ciative pages.  After  two  years  at  Bristol  Dr. 
Martineau  studied  mechanical  engineering  in 
the  works  of  Mr.  Fox,  of  Derby ;  but  a  year 
spent  in  this  not  altogether  congenial  pursuit 
sufficed ;  and  he  announced  his  desire  to  enter 
the  ministry,  much  to  the  disappointment  of 
his  father,  who  saw  in  the  change  the  surren- 
der of  a  calling  that  ensured  a  comfortable 
livelihood  for  one  which,  outside  the  Establish- 
ment, meant  comparative  poverty.  The  son's 
wish  prevailed,  however,  and  Dr.  Martineau 
accordingly  entered  Manchester  College,  then 
at  York,  a  school  of  liberal  divinity,  which 
had  at  the  period  of  Dr.  Martineau's  under- 
graduateship  already  accomplished  the  tran- 
sition to  the  older  type  of  Unitarianism. 
Later  on,  says  Mr.  Jackson,  it  took  on  Unit- 
arianism of  the  more  modern  type,  which  anon 
under  Martineau  it  further  unfolded,  and  now 
under  Drummond  reflects  its  fullest  develop- 
ment. The  course  at  Manchester  College  was 
five  years  ;  and  these  for  James  Martineau 
were  years  of  intense  application  —  or,  as  John 
Kenrick  put  it,  of  "  intemperate  study."  He 
worked  by  a  theory  which  he  thus  stated  in 
later  years : 

"  I  remember  thinking  that  the  use  of  education  was 
to  correct  the  weakness  of  nature,  rather  than  to  develop 
its  strength,  which  would  take  care  of  itself  ;  and  so  I 
gave  double  time  to  whatever  I  disliked,  and  reserved 
my  favorite  studies  for  spare  moments  of  comparatively 
tired  will." 

In  1827,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  Mar- 
tineau completed  his  college  course,  and  was 
"  admitted  to  preach."  In  1828  he  was  for- 
mally ordained,  according  to  the  Presbyterian 
usage.  Dr.  Martineau's  early  Presbyterian- 
ism  was,  however,  as  Mr.  Jackson  carefully 
points  out,  English,  not  Scotch,  a  material 
distinction,  as  the  American  must  be  reminded. 

"  In  America  the  name  Presbyterian  suggests  John 
Knox  and  the  Assembly's  Catechism;  while  in  England 
for  the  last  three  hundred  years  there  has  been  a  Pres- 
byterianism  that  writes  its  history  from  the  days  of 
Baxter,  whose  broad  and  tolerant  spirit  it  has  reflected. 
A  ruling  principle  with  it  has  been,  that  there  shall  be 
no  binding  dogma.  .  .  .  Indeed  it  is  the  antecedent  of 
English  Unitarianism;  and  a  large  number  of  the  Uni- 
tarian churches  in  England  to-day,  and  nearly  all  those 
of  Ireland,  are  Presbyterian  in  their  history.  .  .  .  The 
church,  then,  that  ordained  Mr.  Martineau,  stood  for 
the  heresy  of  the  day." 

After  a  year  of  schoolmastering  and  preach- 
ing at  Bristol  Martineau  was  called  to  the 
co-pastoral  office  at  the  Eustace  Street  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  Dublin,  his  colleague  and 
the  senior  incumbent  being  Dr.  Taylor,  for- 


merly of  Norwich.  The  settlement  was  a 
pleasant  one,  with  a  sufficient  income,  and  a 
demand  upon  his  time  and  strength  not  excess- 
ive. In  addition  to  taking  pupils  in  Hebrew 
and  the  higher  mathematics,  Dr.  Martineau 
was  enabled  to  compile  a  new  hymn-book  for 
his  church,  which  was  sorely  needed,  and  which 
was  published  in  1831.  A  sermon  on  "  Peace 
in  Division,"  printed  in  1830,  seems  to  have 
been  the  earliest  of  his  published  works.  On 
the  death  of  Dr.  Taylor,  Mr.  Martineau  came, 
or  might  have  come,  had  he  chosen  to  do  so, 
by  succession  to  his  place.  But  here  an  insu- 
perable obstacle  (insuperable  to  the  morally 
high-strung  Martineau,  that  is)  presented 
itself,  in  the  extraordinary  form  of  an  un- 
expected increase  of  salary.  This  increase  of 
X100.  proved  on  examination  to  be  a  share  of 
ancient  Regium  Donum,  latterly  a  parliamen- 
tary grant,  but  originally  a  royal  bounty  be- 
stowed by  Charles  I.  upon  the  Presbyterians 
of  Ireland  to  secure  their  loyalty,  and  thus  in 
the  nature  of  a  bribe.  Many  good  men  had 
received  it  unquestioningly,  making,  perhaps, 
no  nice  scrutiny  into  its  origin,  or  into  its 
essential  character.  But  to  the  fine  sense  of 
Mr.  Martineau  the  taint  of  bribery  clung  to  it 
still  ;  and  there  were,  besides,  other  reasons 
why  a  decidedly  scrupulous  man  must  reject  it. 
In  the  first  place  the  Bounty  was  a  "  religious 
monopoly  "  —  it  was  a  sum  received  from  the 
taxation  of  all,  but  diverted  to  the  benefit  of 
a  few. 

"The  people  gave  ;  only  Presbyterians  received. 
Quakers,  Free-Thinkers,  Catholics,  were  taxed  with 
the  rest,  and  for  the  support  of  a  worship  in  which 
they  did  not  participate  and  with  which  they  had  no 
sympathy.  Were  the  question  brought  to  those  who  pay 
this  fund  whether  they  would  subscribe  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  Presbyterian  worship,  there  could  be  no  doubt 
of  their  refusal.  It  was  not,  therefore,  a  '  free-will 
offering,'  but  an  exaction  upon  reluctant  consciences." 

In  the  second  place,  Martineau  conceived 
that  his  acceptance  from  the  State  of  a  stipend 
for  which  he  did  no  service  to  the  State  was 
equivalent  to  the  holding  of  a  sinecure  — 
either  that,  or,  —  were  he,  in  his  sacerdotal 
character,  to  earn  the  Bounty  by  doing  service 
for  it,  —  a  secularization  of  his  office  to  which 
he  could  not  be  a  party.  Thirdly,  State  remun- 
eration seemed  to  him  a  bar  to  the  progress 
of  religious  thought,  for  it  created  an  obliga- 
tion, direct  or  implied,  which  must  act  as  a 
check  on  the  free  utterance  of  opinion. 
Fourthly,  State  support  of  religion  he  held  to 
be  injurious  to  the  "  credit  and  influence  of 
Christianity."  It  will  be  suspected  that  you 


224 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


•"  hold  for  pay  the  faith  you  are  paid  merely 
for  holding."  In  fine,  Dr.  Martineau  concluded 
that  one  of  two  things  must  be :  either  the 
church  must  give  up  the  Bounty,  or  else  he 
and  the  church  must  part  company.  The 
first  alternative  was  voted  on  by  the  congre- 
gation, and  Dr.  Martineau's  party  was  defeated 
by  one  vote. 

From  Dublin  Dr.  Martineau  passed  to  the 
ministry  of  the  Paradise  Street  Chapel  at 
Liverpool,  of  which  church  he  became  sole 
pastor  in  1835.  In  1836  appeared  his  first 
original  book,  "  The  Rationale  of  Religious 
Inquiry "  ;  and  in  1839  he  was  the  leading 
champion  of  Unitarianism  in  the  celebrated 
•*'  Liverpool  Controversy  "  —  a  spirited  theo- 
logical battle  royal  which  greatly  delighted 
the  contest-loving  public,  and  of  which  Mr. 
Jackson  gives  an  entertaining  account.  Dr. 
Martineau  and  his  colleagues  seem  to  have 
carried  rather  too  many  guns  for  their  Anglican 
opponents,  who  drew  away  at  the  close  of  the 
combat  in  a  badly  riddled  and  demoralized,  if 
not  exactly  sinking  condition. 

In  1840  came  Dr.  Martiueau's  appointment 
as  Professor  of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Political  Economy  in  Manchester  New 
"College  —  an  event  which  "  determined  his 
life  to  Philosophy  conjointly  with  Theology." 
His  introductory  lecture  contained  the  follow- 
ing passage,  which  seems  especially  worth 
•quoting  in  a  day  when  "  Anglo-Saxonism  "  is 
widely  proclaimed  as  the  final  and  choicer  ex- 
pression of  civilization,  which  may  be  propa- 
gated even  with  the  sword. 

"  Complaints  are  often  made  of  the  uncertain  and 
shadowy  results  from  all  speculative  science  :  and 
•certainly  it  will  construct  no  docks;  lay  no  railways; 
weave  no  cotton;  and,  if  civilization  is  to  be  measured 
•exclusively  by  the  scale  and  grandeur  of  its  material 
elements,  we  can  claim  for  our  subject  no  large  oper- 
ation on  human  improvement.  To  use  the  words  of 
Novalis,  .  .  .  '  Philosophy  can  bake  no  bread ;  but  it 
•can  procure  for  us  God,  freedom,  and  immortality.' 
.  .  .  What  periods  could  be  least  well  spared  from 
the  progress  of  civilization  ?  Surely,  the  golden  ages 
of  philosophy  in  Greece,  and  its  revival  in  modern 
England,  France,  and  Germany.  What  are  the  names, 
whose  loss  from  the  annals  of  our  race  would  introduce 
the  most  terrible  and  dreary  changes  in  its  subsequent 
advance  ?  Those  of  Plato  and  Aristotle  in  the  ancient 
world;  of  Bacon,  Locke,  and  Kant  in  more  recent 
times:  and  it  is  surely  easier  to  conceive  what  we  should 
have  been  without  Homer,  that  without  Socrates." 

In  1848  Dr.  Martineau  went  to  Germany, 
where  he  remained  fifteen  months,  studying, 
mainly  under  Trendelenburg,  logic  and  the 
history  of  philosophy,  which  led  to  Greek 
philosophical  studies,  the  effect  of  which  was, 


as  he  said,  "  a  new  intellectual  birth."  Ger- 
man Philosophy  was  of  course  not  neglected 
at  its  fount.  Mr.  Jackson  concludes  : 

"  The  effect  of  these  studies,  however,  was  something 
more  than  enlarged  knowledge;  from  their  influence 
the  deflection  from  the  Necessarian  view  which  Mill 
had  detected  reached  to  conscious  and  complete  repu- 
diation. He  was  converted  to  that  spiritual  philosophy 
of  which  through  all  his  toilsome  life  he  was  to  be  a 
fervid  apostle." 

Manchester  New  College  was  moved  to  Lon- 
don in  1853  ;  and  in  1857  Dr.  Martiueau, 
resigning  from  his  Liverpool  pastorate,  went 
to  the  metropolis  to  give  his  whole  time  to  the 
College.  It  was  not  until  1872,  however,  that 
he  finally  laid  down  his  pulpit  burden,  by  re- 
signing his  office  at  Little  Portland  Street 
Chapel  —  that  modest,  slimly-attended,  ill-fur- 
nished little  tabernacle  where,  said  Sir  Charles 
Lyell  bitterly,  "  England  hid  her  greatest 
preacher." 

In  1866  Dr.  Martineau  was  the  centre  of  a 
heated  controversy,  the  occasion  of  which  was 
his  nomination  to  the  chair  of  Logic  and  Mental 
Philosophy  in  University  College.  The  pro- 
fessorial body  were  as  a  unit  in  his  favor  ;  but 
in  the  Council  bitter  opposition  was  encoun- 
tered, led  by  George  Grote.  Of  Dr.  Marti- 
neau's fitness  in  point  of  attainments  there  was 
of  course  no  question  ;  but  the  College  was  a 
secular  foundation,  and  Dr.  Martineau  was  a 
theologian,  which  was  sufficient  to  prompt  the 
hostility  of  Mr.  Grote.  He  was,  moreover,  a 
Unitarian  ;  and  this  was  sufficient  to  determine 
the  opposition  of  a  section  of  the  Council  who 
might  perhaps  have  brooked  a  theologian  had 
his  divinity  been  of  the  orthodox  stripe.  The 
vote  on  the  issue  was  a  tie,  and  the  chairman 
decided  against  Dr.  Martineau. 

Mr.  Jackson's  version  of  the  story  of  the 
estrangement  between  Dr.  Martineau  and  his 
sister  Harriet  is  interesting,  and  goes  to  show 
that  the  alienation  was  all  on  one  side  —  on  the 
side,  that  is,  of  the  brilliant  and  warm-hearted, 
if  somewhat  mutable  and  impetuous  sister. 

Mr.  Jackson  has  brought  to  his  task  special 
qualifications  for  it,  and  it  was  undertaken  by 
him,  we  believe,  with  the  warm  approval  of 
Dr.  Martineau.  His  book  is  primarily  one  of 
scholarship  and  exposition ;  but  it  is  full  of 
the  traces  of  an  independent  and  inquiring 
mind.  As  a  Boswellian  portrait  it  might  well, 
we  repeat,  have  been  fuller.  As  a  study  of 
Dr.  Martineau  the  religious  teacher  and  the 
philosopher  of  religion  it  leaves  little  to  be  de- 
sired. The  volume  is  well  made,  and  contains 
a  fine  portrait  of  Dr.  Martineau.  E.  G.  J. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


HISTORY  or  MODERN  PHILOSOPHY.* 


The  perfect  historian  of  philosophy  must 
unite  in  himself  seemingly  incompatible  qual- 
ities. He  must  combine  analytic  acumen  with 
patient  erudition  in  a  measure  rarely  found. 
Kant  and  Spinoza  philology  will  avail  him 
little  if  he  has  no  genuine  insight  into  the 
problems  with  which  Kant  and  Spinoza  strug- 
gled. And,  on  the  other  hand,  there  is  in 
every  philosophy  a  contingent  and  historical 
element  which  can  be  appreciated  only  by 
the  methods  of  the  historian  and  the  philo- 
logian. 

Professor  Hoffding  of  Copenhagen,  author 
of  the  most  recent  of  the  many  histories  of 
philosophy  that  have  been  translated  for  the 
English  public  during  the  past  two  or  three 
decades,  perhaps  more  nearly  fulfils  these  re- 
quirements than  any  of  his  predecessors.  His 
"  Elements  of  Psychology  "  is  the  sanest  and 
clearest,  as  Professor  James's  is  the  most 
readable,  comprehensive  treatment  of  the  sub- 
ject put  forth  in  the  past  twenty  years.  It 
shows  him  to  possess  the  indispensable  quality 
of  a  firm  grasp  on  the  essential  presuppositions 
of  modern  science  without  its  too  frequently 
accompanying  drawback  —  a  hard,  ignorant 
contempt  for  those  who,  in  Aristotle's  phrase, 
have  disciplined  the  intelligence  before  us. 
"  Consciously  or  unconsciously,"  he  tells  us 
in  his  Psychology,  "philosophic  speculation 
always  works  with  psychological  elements." 
And  if  this  makes  it  helpful  to  a  psychologist 
to  have  studied  the  history  of  philosophy,  it 
makes  it  indispensable  to  the  historian  of  phil- 
osophy that  he  should  be  a  psychologist.  On 
the  historical  side,  Professor  Hoffding  has 
prepared  himself  for  his  task  by  numerous 
studies  published  during  the  past  thirty  years, 
including  monographs  on  Montaigne,  Spinoza, 
and  Kant.  Lastly,  pending  the  improbable 
advent  of  an  English  history  of  Philosophy, 
it  is  for  us  a  distinct  recommendation  that 
Professor  Hoffding  is  a  Dane,  open  to  influ- 
ences from  London  as  well  as  from  Berlin, 
and  so  prepared  to  preserve  a  juster  perspec- 
tive in  the  presentation  of  English  and  Ger- 
man thought  than  we  find  in  the  Erdmanns, 
the  Ueberwegs,  the  Windelbands,  and  the 
Falckenbergs,  on  whom  we  have  been  com- 
pelled to  rely.  This  is  the  first  general  history 
of  philosophy  in  which  there  is  adequate  recog- 

*A  HISTORY  OF  MODERN  PHILOSOPHY.  By  Dr.  Harald 
Hoffding.  Translated  from  the  German  edition  by  B.  E. 
Meyer.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


nition  not  only  of  Eighteenth  century  but  of 
Nineteenth  century  English  thought.  Here 
at  last  Fichte,  Schelling,  and  Hegel  are  reduced 
to  something  like  their  true  proportions,  and 
receive  considerably  less  space  than  that  as- 
signed to  Mill,  Darwin,  and  Spencer.  It  would 
be  unreasonable  to  demand  more,  and  regret 
that  Professor  Hoffding  could  not  emancipate 
himself  from  the  Kantian  superstition,  that 
last  infirmity  of  the  philosophic  mind.  For 
another  generation  at  least,  scholars  will  con- 
tinue to  represent  the  "  Critique  of  Pure  Rea- 
son "  as  an  epoch-making  achievement,  while 
deploring  its  artificial  schematism,  repudiat- 
ing its  most  characteristic  distinctions  and 
classifications,  rejecting  most  of  its  distinc- 
tive doctrines,  and  pinching  into  pilulous  ex- 
iguity the  slight  residuum  of  psychological 
truth. 

The  history  of  modern  philosophy  has  been 
written  so  often  during  the  past  sixty  years 
that  the  story  has  become  conventionalized. 
The  transition  from  medievalism  to  the  Re- 
naissance, the  Italian  forerunners  of  Bacon 
and  Descartes,  Cartesianism,  and  the  other 
great  constructive  systems  of  the  Seventeenth 
century,  the  critical  and  psychological  school 
of  English  thought  from  Bacon  and  Hobbes  to 
Locke  and  Berkeley  and  Hume,  the  relation 
of  Kant  to  the  problems  which  Hume  raised, 
the  speculative  post-Kantian  systems,  and  the 
new  scientific  positivism  of  Nineteenth  century 
French  and  English  thought,  —  on  all  these 
topics  very  much  the  same  things  are  said 
with  slightly  varying  emphasis  and  coordina- 
tion in  all  of  the  chief  histories  now  before  the 
public. 

Professor  Hbffding's  distinctive  merit  is  that 
he  is  throughout  intelligible  and  sane.  He  is. 
by  no  means  lacking  in  sympathy  and  appre- 
ciation for  modes  of  thought  opposed  to  hi* 
own.  But  he  writes  consistently  from  the 
point  of  view  and  in  the  terminology  of  a 
scientific  thinker  and  psychologist  of  to-day. 
He  thus  escapes  the  sheer  "  clotted  nonsense  "" 
that  results  in  some  histories  of  philosophy 
from  the  partial  and  inconsistent  adoption  of 
the  terminology  of  the  system  under  discussion, 
or  from  the  blending  of  that  terminology  with 
the  language  of  some  one  of  the  modern  post- 
Kantian  systems  of  Germany.  This  may 
sometimes  be  a  defect  in  the  eyes  of  the  pro- 
fessional student,  who  will  learn  more  of  the 
technique  and  the  architecture  of  some  of  the 
great  systems  from  Ueberweg  or  Erdmann. 
But  it  will  be  a  great  recommendation  to  the 


226 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


general  reader,  who  wishes  to  get  at  the  cen- 
tral thought  of  Spinoza  or  Kant,  and  who 
cares  nothing  for  the  precise  relation  of  the 
"  modes"  to  the  "attributes,"  or  for  the  me- 
diating function  of  the  transcendental  sche- 
mata. 

Before  reaching  Descartes  in  the  first  vol- 
ume, Professor  Hoffding  devotes  some  two 
hundred  pages  to  the  philosophy  of  the  Ren- 
naissance  and  the  new  birth  of  science.  In 
these  chapters  he  treats  of  the  "  discovery  of 
man"  by  the  humanists  and  the  accompany- 
ing growth  of  the  ideas  of  natural  law  and 
natural  religion,  of  the  new  conception  of  the 
universe  in  Copernicus  and  Bruno,  and  the 
new  methods  of  scientific  investigation  created 
foy  Kepler  and  Galileo,  and  with  many  mis- 
understandings heralded  by  the  rhetoric  of 
Bacon.  Notable  is  the  emphasis  laid  on  the 
political  speculations  of  Machiavelli  and  the 
psychology  of  the  great  humanist  Vives.  In- 
deed, one  of  the  chief  merits  of  the  work  is 
the  attention  paid  throughout  to  the  progress 
of  psychological  analysis  and  the  ethico-politi- 
cal  theory  of  the  state.  The  long  chapter 
on  Giordano  Bruno  is  evidently  a  labor  of 
love.  Bacon,  as  is  the  fashion  of  the  day, 
receives  something  less  than  justice.  The 
chapters  on  the  new  conception  of  the  world 
are  introduced  by  a  clear  account  of  the 
Aristotelio-Media3val  world*scheme.  This  is 
well  as  far  as  it  goes.  But  the  sharp  contrast 
thus  presented  between  the  least  valid  part 
of  the  philosophy  of  Aristotle  and  the  most 
brilliant  achievement  of  the  new  science  leaves 
an  entirely  exaggerated  impression  of  the 
originality  and  independence  of  the  fifteenth 
and  sixteenth  century  thinkers.  To  prepare 
for  a  correct  estimate  in  this  matter,  the  his- 
tory of  modern  philosophy  should  be  prefaced 
by  similar  resumes  of  the  Aristotelian  psychol- 
ogy, of  the  ethico-political  philosophy  of  Plato's 
«  Republic  "  and  Aristotle's  "  Politics,"  of  the 
Stoic  and  Epicurean  ethical  and  religious 
polemic  as  presented  in  Cicero, —  of  every- 
thing, in  short,  which  the  great  humanists 
took  over  from  the  philosophy  of  antiquity. 
Hoffding  frequently  discusses  the  claims  of 
Galileo,  Hobbes,  Gassendi,  and  Descartes  to 
Apriority  in  ideas  or  problems  which  must  have 
'been  the  common  possession  of  all  scholars 
who  had  read  the  de  Anima,  Lucretius,  Plato, 
and  Diogenes  Laertius.  The  chapter  on  Gas- 
sendi would  have  been  a  convenient  place  for 
such  a  treatment  as  we  miss  of  the  contribu- 
tion of  ancient  atomism  to  modern  thought. 


This  chapter  is  strangely  inadequate.  Hoffding 
does  not,  like  Erdmann,  in  lofty  superiority 
to  the  chronology,  exclude  Gassendi  from  the 
list  of  modern  philosophers.  He  assigns  him 
a  chapter  by  the  side  of  Descartes.  But  it 
consists  of  two  pages,  while  Descartes  receives 
forty.  Yet,  unless  we  are  to  hold  that  history 
makes  no  mistakes,  and  that  the  value  of  a 
philosopher  is  precisely  proportional  to  the 
figure  he  has  made  in  the  history  of  letters,  it 
is  certain  that  Gassendi  deserves  no  less  con- 
sideration from  the  thoughtful  historian  than 
Descartes.  He  was  right,  and  Descartes  was 
wrong,  on  nearly  every  question  with  regard 
to  which  they  differed.  He  states  more  clearly 
than  Descartes  many  ideas  for  which  Descartes 
and  Hobbes  are  praised  by  Huxley  and 
Hoffding.  And  his  penetrating  criticism  com- 
pletely overthrew  the  speculative  house  of 
cards  which  Descartes  erected  to  divert  the 
attention  of  the  church,  and  which  is  his 
chief  claim  to  a  place  in  the  history  of 
philosophy.  But  Gassendi's  work  is  hidden 
away  in  ponderous  Latin  tomes,  while  Des- 
cartes' "  Discourse  of  Method  "  caught  and 
kept  the  ear  of  the  public,  and  his  cleverly 
advertised  system,  by  the  very  transparency 
of  the  artifices  of  its  construction,  provoked 
and  facilitated  the  logomachies  which  gave 
it  notoriety.  It  may  be  observed,  in  passing, 
that  the  statement  for  which  no  authority 
is  given,  that  Gassendi  attributed  sentiency 
to  the  atoms,  is  apparently  based  on  the 
first  edition  of  Lange's  "History  of  Mate- 
rialism." In  the  second  edition  Lange  with- 
drew it. 

Professor  Hoffding  gives  an  excellent  untech- 
nical  description  of  the  great  seventeenth  cen- 
tury systems  of  Descartes,  Spinoza,  and  Leib- 
nitz, whom  he  evidently  admires  more  than  any 
other  group  of  speculative  thinkers.  That  is  a 
matter  of  taste.  They  do  gratify  the  common- 
place metaphysical  instinct  for  ingenious  sys- 
tem building,  and  Spinoza  in  addition  to  this 
appeals  strongly  to  some  minds  on  the  ethical 
and  religious  side  by  his  peculiar  "  blend  "  of 
mathematical  austerity  with  cosmic  emotion. 
But  apart  from  the  specific  scientific  achieve- 
ments of  Descartes  and  Leibnitz,  the  seven- 
teenth century  systems  are  worth  to  us  pre- 
cisely what  they  may  contain  of  sound  psycho- 
logical and  ethical  analysis  —  and  no  more. 
And  it  may  be  a  paradox,  but  it  is  hardly  an 
exaggeration  to  say  that  they  might  all  be 
eliminated  without  seriously  affecting  the  prog- 
ress of  genuine  philosophic  thought  through 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


Hobbes,  Locke,  Berkeley,  Hume,  and  their 
nineteenth  century  successors.  What  engages 
the  attention  and  arouses  the  enthusiasm  of  the 
student  here  is  precisely  what  impressed  Cicero 
in  the  artificial  constructions  of  the  Stoics  — 
the  ingenuity  of  the  terminology,  "  the  admir- 
able coherence  and  consecution  of  ideas,  the 
correspondence  of  beginning, middle,  and  end." 
The  Stoic  system  and  terminology  dominated 
in  the  literary  world  for  five  centuries.  But  it 
was  embodied  in  no  book  that  the  world  would 
not  willingly  let  die,  and  now  it  survives  merely 
as  the  memory  of  a  mood,  a  temper  in  the 
reception  of  experience  on  the  part  of  its  later 
nominal  Roman  disciples.  And  such  will  be 
the  fate  of  all  systems  of  philosophy  as  such. 
It  is  the  great  book  that  lives,  not  the  ingen- 
ious system. 

Professor  Hbffding's  admiration  for  the 
Cartesians  does  not  prevent  his  doing  ample 
justice  to  the  English  and  French  thought  of 
the  eighteenth  century.  The  long  chapter  on 
Rousseau  shows  how  far  he  is  from  identifying 
philosophy  with  metaphysical  system  building. 
For  the  great  post-Kantian  constructive  sys- 
tems, he  evidently  feels  an  imperfect  sympathy 
— partly,  perhaps,  because  he  holds  that  there 
is  no  excuse  for  further  dogmatizing  about  the 
Absolute  after  Kant.  Fichte,  Schelling,  and 
Hegel,  I  cheerfully  abandon  to  him.  But  I 
must  protest  against  his  treatment  of  Schopen- 
hauer, though  it  is  fairer  than  that  found  in 
the  ordinary  history  of  philosophy.  Professor 
Hoffding  here  forgets  the  principle  laid  down 
in  his  preface,  that  an  inconsequence  in  a  great 
thinker  is  often  nothing  but  the  natural  conse- 
quence of  the  fact,  that  his  genius  displays 
itself  in  several  lines  of  thought.  Schopen- 
hauer was  only  thirty  years  old  when  he  wrote 
Die  Welt  als  Wille;  and  the  example  of  Fichte, 
Schelling,  and  Hegel  made  it  inevitable  that 
the  ambitious  young  man  should  throw  his  own 
ideas  into  the  form  of  a  systematic  construction. 
A  good  dialectician  can  drive  a  coach-and-four 
through  the  system ;  but  the  book  is  none  the 
less  a  masterpiece  of  literary  architectonics. 
This  framework  Schopenhauer  used  for  the 
setting  of  all  his  subsequent  thought  and 
writing.  But  this  in  no  wise  detracts  from 
the  infinite  wealth  and  suggestiveness  of  his 
thought. 

M.  Brunetiere  said,  several  years  ago,  that 
when  the  literary  account  of  the  century  was 
summed  up,  Schopenhauer  would  be  found  to 
have  influenced  the  higher  thought  of  the 
age  more  than  any  other  one  philosopher.  If 


we  leave  out  of  account  the  body  of  thought 
which  English  readers  associate  with  the  names 
of  Darwin,  Spencer,  and  Huxley,  which  can 
hardly  be  appropriated  to  any  one  thinker, 
the  prediction  is  in  a  fair  way  to  be  verified. 
There  are  whole  ranges  of  ideas  with  regard 
to  the  life  of  the  emotions  and  the  will  in 
which  we  are  all  disciples  of  Schopenhauer. 
And  if  anything  could  justify  his  cynical  view 
of  the  philosophic  guild,  it  would  be  their 
persistent  habit  of  appropriating  his  essential 
thoughts  while  diverting  the  reader's  attention 
to  the  flaws  in  his  character  and  the  external 
inconsistencies  of  his  system.  Schopenhauer's 
fame,  however,  will  take  care  of  itself.  There 
are  fundamentally  just  two  classes  of  philos- 
ophers —  those  whom  posterity  can  read,  and 
those  whom  it  cannot  and  will  not  read.  He 
belongs  to  the  first  class,  whose  influence  is 
cumulative,  while  the  others  exist  only  in  the 
histories  of  philosophy. 

Of  the  thought  of  Mill,  Darwin,  and  Spen- 
cer, Professor  Hoffding  gives  an  excellent 
analysis,  equally  removed  from  the  slavish 
adhesion  of  the  disciple,  and  the  wilful  mis- 
understanding of  the  Oxford  neo-Kantian  who 
undertakes  to  demolish  the  philosophy  of  evo- 
lution. A  short  book  on  modern  German 
philosophy  from  1850  to  1880  concludes  what 
is,  taken  all  in  all,  the  sanest  and  most  readable 
History  of  Philosophy  yet  written. 

The  translation  of  this  work  is  no  worse 
than  the  average  performance  in  this  kind, 
and  seems  perhaps  better  because  no  process 
of  "upsetting"  can  convert  Professor  Hoff- 
ding's  comparatively  short  and  lucid  sentences 
into  the  "  pure,  definite,  and  highly  finished 
nonsense  "  which  results  from  the  attempt  to 
english  Erdmann's  account  of  Hegel.  It 
presents  several  baffling  mistakes,  such  as 
«  finite  "  for  final  (Vol.  I.,  p.  231),  "  barred 
the  way  "  for  prepared  the  way  (p.  473),  and 
the  use  of  spiritualistic  (p.  235).  Misprints 
are  altogether  too  frequent.  "  Memotechnical  " 
(sic)  (p.  131),  "  inventionum "  for  inven- 
tionem  (p.  265),  "  fractum "  for  pactum 
(p.  283),  "citus"  for  citius  (p.  198), "  Telsio  " 
for  Telesio  (p.  100),  "  Plautinus  "  for  Plo- 
tinus  (p.  519),  "Trivlens"  for  Tvivlens 
(p.  503).  The  dates  also  are  too  often 
wrong.  Kant's  first  publication  was  in  1755, 
not  in  1775  ;  Schelling  was  called  to  Berlin  in 
1841,  not  in  1861,  and  Schleiermacher  was 
not  delivering  addresses  or  writing  letters 
in  this  world  in  1881-2. 

PAUL  SHOKEY. 


228 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


A  DAUGHTER  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  TERROR.* 

It  is  not  often  that  the  attention  of  students 
of  the  French  Revolution  is  diverted  from 
Paris,  the  great  central  stage  on  which  that 
awful  tragedy  of  blood  and  fire  was  mainly 
enacted.  As  early  as  the  end  of  the  seven- 
teenth  century,  the  great  city  on  the  Seine  not 
only  dominated  the  provinces  but  eclipsed  and 
hid  them  from  view.  That  fine  old  conception 
of  Louis  XIV.,  that  he  was  the  State,  made 
him  jealous  of  the  growing  power  of  his  cap- 
ital, and  led  him  to  various  attempts  to  curtail 
its  prosperity ;  but  the  establishment  of  his 
court  at  Versailles  served  to  defeat  the  purpose 
of  the  Grand  Monarque.  In  1740  Montesquieu 
could  say  to  a  friend,  "  France  is  nothing  but 
Paris  and  a  few  distant  provinces  which  Paris 
has  not  yet  had  time  to  swallow  "  —  a  saying 
which  the  philosophic  De  Tocqueville,  a  cen- 
tury later,  pruned  down  into  the  epigram, 
"  At  the  time  of  the  Fronde,  Paris  was  nothing 
but  the  largest  French  city:  in  1789  it  was 
France." 

It  is  hardly  surprising,  then,  that  the  young 
readers  of  Carlyle  or  Thiers  or  Guizot  should 
have  Parisian  dates  and  names  so  burned  in 
upon  their  consciousness  as  to  fancy  that  there 
were  no  days  of  horror  but  the  Tenth  of 
August,  the  Second  of  September,  the  Twenty- 
first  of  January  —  no  Jacobins  but  those  of 
Paris  —  no  Terror  save  that  of  the  Concier- 
gerie  and  the  Place  de  la  Revolution.  The 
desolations  of  Nantes,  Toulon,  Marseilles, 
Lyons,  La  Vendee,  are  scarce-heard  minor 
plaints  in  the  mighty  burden  of  the  central 
Babylon. 

The  narrative  now  before  us,  in  which  Paris 
is  hardly  mentioned,  will  help  to  correct  this 
error  in  perspective,  and  to  show  that  these 
provincial  communities,  "  over  which,"  in 
Carlyle's  words,  "  History  can  cast  only  glances 
from  aloft,"  yet  writhed  through  their  full 
proportionate  share  of  the  misery  inflicted  in 
the  name  of  Liberty.  The  book  is  the  simple, 
unaffected  story  of  a  young  gentlewoman, 
Mdlle.  Alexandrine  des  Echerolles,  whose 
father,  M.  Giraud  des  Echerolles,  had  an 
estate  near  Moulins  in  the  Nivernais.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  Revolution  he  was  violently 
dispossessed  of  his  property,  and  with  his  sister 
and  daughter  sought  refuge  in  Lyons,  which 
at  that  time  was  strongly  anti-revolutionary  in 


*  SIDE  LIGHTS  ON  THE  REIGN  OF  TERROR.  Being  the 
Memoirs  of  Mademoiselle  des  Echerolles.  Translated  from 
the  French  by  Marie  Clothilde  Balfour.  New  York  :  John 
Lane. 


feeling,  and  on  the  verge  of  revolt  against  the 
Convention  government  in  Paris.   Alexandrine 
(whose  mother  had  happily  died  before  these 
calamities)  was  a  gentle  child  of  thirteen,  and 
passionately  attached  to  her  aunt,  whose  heroic 
and  self-sacrificing  nature  fully  deserved  all 
her  devotion.  The  young  girl  was  soon  matured 
into  a  heroine  by  the  forcing  process  of  per- 
secution.    Together  with  her  father  and  aunt, 
she  underwent  the  suspense  and  privations  of 
the  siege  of  Lyons  by  the  revolutionary  forces. 
When  the  city  fell  (October  9,  1793),  she 
was  carried  into  another  and  more  dismal  circle 
of  the  Inferno.     M.  des  Echerolles  was  relent- 
lessly hunted,  only  escaping  by  a  series  of 
hairbreadth  adventures  ;  and  the  beloved  aunt 
was    arrested    and    imprisoned.     Their    poor 
apartments    had    been    "  sequestrated "    and 
placed  under  the  charge  of  a  certain  Citizen 
Foret ;  and  there  poor  little  Alexandrine  was 
left  to  face  the  situation  as  best  she  might. 
The  Terror  now  began  grimly  enough  in  Lyons ; 
the  guillotine  "  went "  as  gaily  as  in  Paris ; 
and  its  too-slow  work  was  supplemented  by  the 
wholesale  Fusillades  (which,  curiously  enough, 
Alexandrine  does  not  seem  to  have  noticed). 
On  the  22d  Pluviose,  Year  II.  (February  11, 
1794),  the  crushing  blow  fell ;  the  guillotine 
claimed  Mdlle.  des   Echerolles,  and   Heaven 
seemed  indeed  to  have  deserted  her  unhappy 
niece.    Yet  by  degrees  new  friends  were  found, 
old  friends  cautiously  reappeared  ;  and  Alex- 
andrine found  her  way  back  to  the  home  of 
her  childhood,  where  for  a  while  she  was  per- 
mitted to  dwell,  under  pretty  close  surveillance. 
A  temporary  revival  of  the  Terror  again  drove 
her  father  into  hiding,  and  imposed  fresh  in- 
dignities upon  herself.     She  managed  to  live 
through  them  all,  and  might  reasonably  have 
expected  a  better  return  from  her  father  for 
her  devotion  than  the  announcement  that  — 
at  the  age  of  seventy-four  —  he  was  to  marry 
again.     The  prospective  bride,  who  was  fifty, 
was  a  kindly,  sensible  woman  ;  but  the  blow 
was  a  heavy  one,  and  meant  once  more  exile ; 
so  now  Alexandrine  turned  her  steps  to  Paris, 
where  a  position  was  found  for  her  as  com- 
panion to  an  afflicted  lady,  who  in  her  lucid 
intervals  proved  a  kind  and  considerate  friend. 
In  1807  Mdlle.  des  Echerolles,  now  twenty- 
eight  years  of  age,  was  tendered  the  post  of 
governess  to  the  daughters  of  the   Duchess 
Louis  of  Wiirtemberg.   The  offer  was  accepted, 
and  the  young  Frenchwoman  bade  farewell  to 
her  native  land  forever.     In  her  own  words, 
"  I    attached    myself    promptly    to    the    four 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


229 


princesses  confided  to  my  care,  and  my  life 
was  thenceforward  a  happy  one  ;  I  have  grown 
old  in  this  august  house,  loaded  with  favors 
in  which  my  family  has  shared." 

She  lived  until  1850,  and  was  thus  enabled 
thoroughly  to  revise  her  memoirs ;  the  first 
edition  of  which,  under  the  title  of  "  Quelques 
Annees  de  ma  Vie,"  is  said  to  have  been  issued 
in  1793,  at  Moulins,  i.  e.,  before  the  removal 
to  Lyons.  The  bulk  of  the  work,  therefore, 
must  have  been  the  fruit  of  later  years'  labor. 
An  edition,  with  a  preface  by  Rene  de  Les- 
pinasse,  was  published  in  1879  ;  and  this  is 
the  original  of  the  very  excellent  translation, 
which  now  lies  before  us,  by  Marie  Clothilde 
Balfour. 

Originally  composed  for  a  small  circle  of 
friends,  the  narrative  has  the  frankness  and 
spontaneity  of  a  journal  intime.  Of  art  there 
is  none,  unless  it  be  the  art  of  concealing  art. 
Moralizing  is  abundant,  after  the  fashion  of 
the  times;  and  the  author's  piety  was  genuine 
enough  to  be  a  real  help  in  time  of  need.  She 
has  no  political  views  to  expound  ;  her  interest 
in  her  surroundings  is  entirely  domestic ;  her 
eyes  throughout  are  bent  upon  her  appointed 
task  of  tracing  the  thread  of  the  family  mis- 
fortunes through  the  terribly  tangled  web  of 
the  Reign  of  Terror.  Like  Boswell,  she  has 
unconsciously  made  a  great  book,  and  her 
"  ower  true  tale  "  will  successfully  challenge 
the  output  of  the  modern  vein  of  romantic 
fiction. 

Mrs.  (or  Miss)  Balfour  has  given  us  a 
spirited  translation,  preserving  in  large  meas- 
ure the  naivete  of  the  original,  and  bringing 
us  everywhere  face  to  face  with  the  gentle  but 
resolute  and  cheerful  personality  of  her  author. 
There  are  some  small  but  perplexing  discrep- 
ancies in  dates  which  should  have  been  ad- 
justed ;  and  one  slip  of  this  kind  is  made  by 
the  translator  herself  in  a  footnote  on  p.  232, 
where  she  fails  to  correct  the  error  of  the  text 
putting  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI.  on  the 
17th  of  January  instead  of  the  21st.  A  few 
infelicities  may  be  noticed  :  "  ignored  "  (p. 
115)  is  retained  in  its  archaic  English  sense; 
«« radiation  "  (p.  289)  and  "  brigade  "  (p.  256) 
are  not  true  translations,  and  "  savoury " 
(p.  98)  is  an  adjective  in  English.  The  pub- 
lisher has  maintained  the  reputation  of  the 
Bodley  Head  by  giving  the  work  a  vivid 
typography  and  a  rich  emblematic  cover, 
making  it  a  joy  to  behold  and  a  comfort  to 
read. 

JOSIAH  RENICK  SMITH. 


RECENT  POETRY.* 


The  poetry  of  the  last  few  months  is  not  remark- 
able in  quantity  or  in  quality.  Out  of  perhaps  thirty 
volumes  we  have  selected  a  dozen  that  seem  to  de- 
serve mention,  hut  no  one  of  them  rises  above  the 
level  of  minor  verse,  and  the  best  of  their  contents 
is  derivative.  The  most  important  of  the  twelve 
is  "  The  Choice  of  Achilles,  and  Other  Poems,"  by 
Mr.  Arthur  Gray  Butler. 

"  Long  life  and  ease,  or  glory  and  the  grave  ?" 
These  are  the  alternatives  between  which  the  hero 
of  the  Iliad  has  to  choose,  as  he  debates  with  him- 
self whether  or  not  he  shall  join  the  Trojan  expe- 
dition. 

"  Oh  [  for  an  oracle 

To  sound  above  these  tortures  of  the  mind. 
And  strike  their  brawling  silent !     Never  yet 
Since  deepening  manhood  darkened  first  these  lips, 
Bringing  the  larger  choices  of  the  soul, 
I  doubted  so  before." 

When  the  choice  is  made,  it  is  voiced  in  these  ring- 
ing words: 

"  Gome  then !    Who  is  for  life,  let  him  live  here ! 
Who  is  for  death  and  glory,  let  him  go, 
And  mount  to  heaven,  and  add  a  star  to  fame, 
Not  setting  like  the  sea-washed  Pleiades  ; 
Quick  to  the  port !    Across  the  crisping  waves 
Our  prows  point  seaward,  point  the  Asian  shore  : 
Achilles  wakes,  is  on  his  way  to  Troy." 

"  The  Choice  of  Achilles  "  lies  between  strenuous 
conflict  and  inglorious  ease ;  "  The  Choice  of 
Heracles"  lies  between  sensuous  gratification  and 
devoted  toil.  And  in  the  second  case,  as  in  the 
first,  the  heart  — 

"Thus  nobly  wooed,  with  mighty  transport  filled, 
Knew  its  own  nobleness,  and  put  forth  strength, 
Like  oaks  in  old  Dodona,  seat  of  Gods, 
When  mounts  the  sap  in  springtime." 

So  the  hero  girds  himself  for  his  labors,  and  be- 
comes the  "helper  of  the  world." 

*  THE  CHOICE  OF  ACHILLES,  and  Other  Poems.  By 
Arthur  Gray  Butler.  New  York :  Oxford  University  Press. 

THE  LIVING  PAST,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Thomas  Seton 
Jevons.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  TOILING  OF  FELIX,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Henry 
van  Dyke.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

GREYSTONE  AND  PORPHYRY.  By  Harry  Thurston  Peck. 
New  York :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

THE  WAGER,  and  Other  Poems.  By  S.  Weir  Mitchell, 
M.D.,  LL.D.  New  York :  The  Century  Co. 

A  BOOK  OF  VERSES.  By  Robert  Loveman.  Philadelphia : 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 

THE  BATTLE  OF  MANILA  BAY,  and  Other  Verses.  By 
Horace  Spencer  Fiske.  University  of  Chicago  Press. 

VERSES.  By  W.  P.  Trent.  Philadelphia:  Alfred  M. 
Slocum  Co. 

A  GARLAND  OF  SONNETS.  In  Praise  of  the  Poets.  By 
Craven  Langstroth  Betts.  New  York  :  A  Wessels  Co. 

MOODS,  and  Other  Verses.  By  Edward  Robeson  Taylor. 
San  Francisco:  D.  P.  Elder  &  Morgan  Shepard. 

THE  SEARCH  OF  CERES,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Sarah 
Warner  Brooks.  New  York  :  A.  Wessels  Co. 

SYLVA.  By  Elizabeth  G.  Crane.  New  York :  A.  D.  F. 
Randolph  Co. 


230 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


"Then  forth  he  fared,  calm  and  resolved,  not  loud 
In  vaunting,  nor  with  fire  of  self -applause 
Deceitful  stirred ;  but  silent,  steadfast,  calm, 
Knowing:  his  old  self  dead,  yet  of  the  new 
Not  certain,  more  in  ignorance  than  in  fear : 
As  when  a  minstrel  takes  a  harp  new  strung, 
And  strikes  the  strings  with  trembling,  lest  they  make 
Discordant  music,  but  he  finds  them  true  : 
And  then  henceforth  upon  the  ears  of  men 
Grows  a  new  strain,  melodious,  liquid,  pure, 
Sweet,  ordered,  heavenly,  Nature's  hymn  of  praise, 
Like  that  which  kindled  first  the  Orphean  lyre  ; 
And  still  that  song,  when  ended,  yet  lives  on 
Hid  in  men's  souls,  and,  buried  for  a  while, 
Wells  forth  anon  in  music,  in  some  spring, 
Maytime  of  hearts ;  and,  as  a  call  divine, 
It  wakes  a  singer  here,  a  singer  there, 
Till  earth  is  filled  with  singing :  and  the  spheres 
Listen  above :  ('t  was  thence  the  wonder  came 
To  heal  our  jars  ;)  and  from  concordant  throats 
Swells  up  one  strain  of  faultless  harmony." 

These  two  noble  poems  occupy  the  forefront  of  Mr. 
Butler's  volume,  and  have  not  a  little  of  the  grave 
cadence  of  the  master  who  has  so  evidently  inspired 
them.  Another  classical  echo,  in  a  different  key,  is 
heard  in  the  lines  called  "  Sunt  Lacrym»." 

"  But  song  more  sweet  shall  never  twine 
The  rue  and  rose  in  one  short  line ; 
Or  more  pathetic  give  to  grief 
An  outlet,  for  a  moment  brief, 
To  loose  awhile  the  captive  woe 
Whose  prisoned  drops  refuse  to  flow ; 
And,  like  a  draught  of  myrrh  in  wine, 
To  mix  in  tears  an  anodyne  ; 
Than  in  that  world's  epitome, 
Sad  Virgil's  sweet  '  Sunt  lacrymse.'  " 

We  must  find  space  for  one  more  illustration  of  Mr. 
Butler's  finished  and  tender-hearted  verse,  and  it  is 
found  in  what  is  easily  the  gem  of  the  collection, 
in  the  faultless  lyric  called  "  Peace." 

"Winds  and  wild  waves  in  headlong  huge  commotion 

Scud,  dark  with  tempest,  o'er  the  Atlantic's  breast ; 
While,  underneath,  few  fathoms  deep  in  ocean, 
Lie  peace  and  rest. 

"Storms  in  mid-air,  the  rack  before  them  sweeping, 

Hurry  and  hiss,  like  demons  hate-possessed ; 
While,  over  all,  white  cloudlets  pure  are  sleeping 
In  peace,  in  rest. 

"  Heart,  O  wild  heart,  why  in  the  storm-world  ranging, 

Flit'st  thou  thus  midway,  passion's  slave  and  jest, 
When  all  so  near,  below,  above,  unchanging 
Are  heaven,  and  rest?" 

The  note  of  revery,  of  retrospect  tinged  with 
melancholy,  is  the  prevailing  note  of  "  The  Living 
Past  and  Other  Poems,"  by  Mr.  Thomas  Seton 
Jevons.  It  is  struck  clearly  enough  on  the  opening 
page. 

"And  now  the  lilac  blooms ;  I  pluck  a  sprig, 
And  in  the  blossoms  find  and  seem  to  see 
Familiar  faces  that  are  gone  before  — 
Gone  to  return  with  each  returning  Spring. 
About  the  porch  the  silent  ivies  cling, 
And  in  the  distant  grove  the  robins  wildly  sing ; 
Cling  till  the  walls  are  mouldered ;  sing  till  love 
Of  singing  bursts  those  red  blood-tinctured  throats, 
And  down  the  twilight  breeze  the  echo,  dying,  floats. 
Now  they  are  gone,  and  I  alone  remain, 
And  all  the  world's  wild  music  is  in  vain, 
Its  speech  is  sorrow  and  its  song  is  pain." 


The  writer  does  little  more  than  frame  variations 
upon  the  sentiment  of  these  verses  in  the  subsequent 
pages.  It  is  but  a  forced  resignation  that  nature 
wrings  from  his  soul,  and  his  yearning  for  the  van- 
ished past  is  still  in  the  poignant  stage,  has  not 
given  place  to  a  calm  acceptance  of  the  decrees  of 
fate.  It  is  all  very  touching  and  very  sincere,  and 
its  turbulence  of  emotion  has  a  strange  power  of 
impressing  itself  upon  the  mood  of  the  reader. 

For  the  second  time,  Dr.  Henry  van  Dyke  has 
gathered  a  slender  sheaf  of  verses  into  a  book, 
which  he  has  entitled  "  The  Toiling  of  Felix,"  from 
the  principal  piece  in  the  collection.  This  poem  is 
a  fanciful  legend,  based  upon  a  text  from  the 
"Logia"  found  at  Oxyrhynchus,  and  is  just  the 
sort  of  gentle  verse  that  Longfellow  might  have 
written  upon  such  a  theme.  Good  fisherman  that 
he  is,  for  other  capture  than  souls,  the  author  gives 
us  also  a  few  angling  lyrics,  from  which  we  take 
this  graceful  bit : 

"  There 's  wild  azalea  on  the  hill,  and  roses  down  the  dell, 
And  just  one  spray  of  lilac  still  abloom  beside  the  well ; 
The  columbine  adorns  the  rocks,  the  laurel  buds  grow  pink, 
Along  the  stream  white  arums  gleam,  and  violets  bend  to 

drink." 

So  alluring  a  picture  as  that  should  entice  the  lover 
of  nature  forth,  even  if  not  intent  upon  killing  some- 
thing. "  The  River  of  Dreams  "  is  the  best  poem  in 
this  volume,  and  we  quote  the  last  of  its  seven  sec- 
tions : 

"  The  river  of  dreams  runs  silently  down 
By  a  secret  way  that  no  man  knows ; 
But  the  soul  lives  on  while  the  dream-tide  flows 
Through  the  gardens  bright,  or  the  forests  brown  ; 
And  I  think  sometimes  that  our  whole  life  seems 
To  be  more  than  half  made  up  of  dreams, 
For  its  changing  sights,  and  its  passing  shows, 
And  its  morning  hopes,  and  its  midnight  fears, 
Are  left  behind  with  the  vanished  years. 
Onward,  with  ceaseless  motion. 
The  life-stream  flows  to  the  ocean,  — 
And  we  follow  the  tide,  awake  or  asleep, 
Till  we  see  the  dawn  on  Love's  great  deep, 
When  the  bar  at  the  harbour-mouth  is  crossed, 
And  the  river  of  dreams  in  the  sea  is  lost." 

"  This  is  a  practical  age  and  it  longs  for  a  prac- 
tical poet,"  says  Mr.  Harry  Thurston  Peck  by  way 
of  introduction  to  the  lengthy  study  in  hexameters 
which  comes  at  the  end  of  "Greystone  and  Por- 
phyry," his  recently-published  volume  of  verse.  In 
pursuance  of  this  suggestion,  the  poem  goes  on  to 
discourse  of  actual  life  in  terms  of  the  most  uncom- 
promising realism. 

"  Ye  who  seek  for  applause  from  a  matter-of-fact  generation 
Follow  for  once  and  all  the  curious  cult  of  the  Ugly, 
Turn  to  the  bold-faced  jig  who,  cased  in  follicular  bloomers, 
Straddles  the  wind-puffed  wheel ;  to  the  nymphs  who  are- 
loved  by  the  coster, 

Smut-faced  factory  girls  with  voices  husky  and  raucous. 
Hair  soot-sifted,  hands  black-nailed  and  roughened  and 

warty  — 
These  be  the  poet's  theme." 

The  satire  is  grim  enough,  and  is  pushed  home  with 
a  persistent  energy  that  for  the  moment  almost 
persuades  us  that  all  sentiment  is  sickly  and  all 
idealism  illusive.  Luckily,  the  antidote  for  this 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


231 


cynicism  may  be  found  close  at  hand,  in  such  a 
poem  as  "  Love,  It  Is  Night "  —  too  long  to  quote 
in  full  and  almost  too  lovely  to  mutilate  — 

"  Dimmed  into  dusk  the  flame-clouds  disappear, 

The  homing  bird  sweeps  low  in  circling  flight, 
And  distant  bells  come  faintly  to  the  ear  — 
Love,  it  is  night. 

"  Now  that  the  world  is  hushed  in  sombre  grey, 

Stand  not  apart  nor  shut  me  from  your  sight ; 
One  little  word  is  all  I  have  to  say  — 
Love,  it  is  night." 

The  note  of  yearning,  of  pathetic  regret  for  an 
irrecoverable  past,  breathes  through  this  poem,  as 
well  as  through  others  in  the  collection.  Its  ac- 
cent is  less  tragic,  but  not  less  deep,  in  such  verses 
as  "  Heliotrope,"  which  tell  how  "  the  sound  of  a 
voice  that  is  still "  yet  thrills  the  soul  of  the  scholar 
who,  for  all  his  fame,  has  missed  the  best  gift 
of  life. 

"  And  he  had  learned,  among  his  books 

That  held  the  lore  of  ages  olden, 
To  watch  those  ever-changing  looks, 
The  wistful  eyes,  the  tresses  golden, 
That  stirred  his  pulse  with  passion's  pain 

And  thrilled  his  soul  with  soft  desire, 
And  bade  fond  youth  return  again, 
Crowned  with  its  coronet  of  fire." 

We  are  glad  that  Mr.  Peck  is  not  the  "  practical 
poet  "  of  his  own  imagining  ;  the  strength  and  ten- 
derness of  most  of  the  pieces  here  published  mark 
him  for  an  idealist  at  heart,  in  spite  of  the  flippancy 
which  he  at  times  affects. 

Dr.  Weir  Mitchell's  verse  is  always  graceful  in 
diction  and  scholarly  in  content,  and  his  latest  vol- 
ume, "The  Wager  and  Other  Poems,"  while  it 
contains  nothing  particularly  impressive,  makes  a 
pleasant  addition  to  the  long  list  of  his  published 
volumes.  "  The  Wager  "  is  a  dramatic  composition 
in  a  single  act,  with  a  romantic  French  setting  of 
the  seventeenth  century.  Both  the  blank  verse  and 
the  interspersed  lyrics  are  admirable.  The  poem 
which  we  like  best  is  "  The  Sea  Gull,"  with  its  bur- 
den of  haunting  and  melancholy  beauty.  Here  are 
three  stanzas : 

"  Thine  is  the  heritage  of  simple  things, 
The  untasked  liberty  of  sea  and  air, 
Some  tender  yearning  for  the  peopled  nest, 
Thy  only  freight  of  care. 

"  Thou  hast  no  forecast  of  the  morrow's  need, 

No  bitter  memory  of  yesterdays  ; 
Nor  stirs  thy  thought  that  airy  sea  o'erhead, 
Nor  ocean's  soundless  ways. 

"Thou  silent  raider  of  the  abounding  sea, 

Intent  and  resolute,  ah,  who  may  guess 
What  primal  notes  of  gladness  thou  hast  lost 
In  this  vast  loneliness." 

The  contents  of  Mr.  Robert  Loveman's  new 
"  Book  of  Verses  "  are  very  simple  things  indeed. 
His  flights  rarely  exceed  a  dozen  lines  at  a  time, 
but  within  that  compass  he  often  succeeds  in 
expressing  a  pretty  conceit  or  a  graceful  fancy. 
"Behind  the  Scenes"  maybe  taken  as  a  typical 
•example : 


"  Behind  the  scenes  the  kings  and  queens 
Are  merely  mortals ;  Juliet  leans, 
A  tired  girl,  against  the  screens, 
Behind  the  scenes. 

"  The  final  act  is  on,  and  lo ! 
The  loving  heart  of  Romeo 
Must  crack  with  misery  and  woe  ; 
The  noble  Paris,  too,  shall  die, 

"  And  tears  spring  up  in  every  eye  ; 
Then  exit  all,  while  rogue  and  saint 
Are  scrubbing  off  the  mask  of  paint, 
Behind  the  scenes." 

This  is  magazine  verse  of  modest  merit,  and  de- 
serves a  word  of  modest  praise. 

Mr.  Horace  Spencer  Fiske  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  of  verses,  some  of  which  are  merely  trivial, 
while  others  rise  to  the  dignity  of  lofty  utterance 
inspired  by  happily-chosen  themes.  The  sonnet 
form  is  that  in  which  Mr.  Fiske  does  his  best  work, 
and  his  sonnets  outnumber  his  other  pieces.  They 
are  for  the  most  part  occasional,  suggested  by  works 
of  art  or  literature.  "  The  Bronze  Horses  of  St. 
Mark's  "  may  be  taken  as  a  characteristic  example. 

"  Triumphal  horses  that  so  long  ago 

Beside  the  Bosphorus  their  chariot  drew  — 
Till  that  blind  victor  doge  their  beauty  knew, 

And  snatched  from  out  the  city's  overthrow : 

Six  centuries  of  sunset  did  they  glow 
Fair  as  Apollo's  horses  to  the  view, 
When  swift  adown  the  westering  slopes  of  blue 

They  flash  to  drink  the  night's  deep  overflow. 

But  splendid  war-steeds  still  the  victor's  eye 
Alluring,  they  must  stand  beside  the  Seine, 

A  soldier's  ruthless  dream  to  glorify 
Until  he  fell ;  and  they  once  more  might  gain 

That  place  of  peace  within  the  sunset  sky 
Where  pigeons  coo  —  the  saint's  resplendent  fane." 

Mr.  Fiske's  verse  is  grouped  under  several  catego- 
ries. "  College  Verse,"  "  Chicago  Verse,"  "  Son- 
nets on  Sculpture,"  and  "  Sonnets  on  Shakspeare  " 
are  four  of  the  chief  sections.  The  volume  is  enti- 
tled "The  Ballad  of  Manila  Bay  and  Other  Verses," 
but  we  care  less  for  the  titular  poem  and  the  accom- 
panying ballad,  "  The  Charge  of  San  Juan,"  than 
for  most  of  the  other  contents.  If  "  of  Roosevelt's 
Rough  Riders  the  fame  grows  never  old,"  there  are 
some,  at  least,  who  wish  that  it  might,  in  view  of 
subsequent  developments.  And  the  refrain  of  the 
titular  ballad  gives  us  pause,  for  it  runs : 
"And  men  by  a  million  hearth-fires  shall  tell  of  Manila  Bay — 

How  Dewey  swept  past  the  forts  at  night, 

And  struck  the  Dons  in  the  flushing  light, 
And  for  freedom  won  the  day." 

If  the  day  only  had  been  won  for  freedom,  as  the 
poet  fondly  imagined  when  he  wrote  these  lines  ! 
But  it  seems  to  have  been  won  instead,  temporarily 
at  least,  for  a  despotism  no  more  deserving  than 
that  which  it  overthrew.  America  can  never  take 
genuine  pride  in  that  brilliant  achievement  as 
long  as  it  shall  seem  to  have  been  tainted  with  un- 
worthy motives — with  treachery  toward  an  unsus- 
picious ally,  with  the  lust  of  conquest  and  base 
commercial  greed. 


232 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


Mr.  William  P.  Trent,  in  the  volume  of  "Verses  " 
that  he  has  recently  given  to  the  public,  strikes  a 
truer  ethical  note  in  his  treatment  of  our  unfortu- 
nate war  with  Spain. 

"  Yet  wherefore  should  the  race  that  hunts  thee  down 

Insult  thee  in  thy  fall  ? 
Merely  to  seize  and  wear  thy  ancient  crown 
Is  not  the  end  of  all. 

"  Have  we  acknowledged  Wisdom  for  our  queen? 

Do  we  possess  our  minds 
In  joy  and  faith  and  love  and  peace  serene  ? 
Or  do  the  evil  winds 

1 '  Of  passion  beat  upon  our  foreheads  now 

•As  erst  on  thine,  O  Spain  ? 
Shall  we  before  no  gilded  idol  bow  ? 
Shall  we  secure  remain 

"From  ignorance  and  cruelty  and  lust 

Of  splendor  and  of  power  ? 
0  God,  in  whom  alone  is  perfect  trust, 
What  clouds  are  these  that  lower  ? 

Mr.  Trent's  verses  are  in  many  respects  highly 
satisfactory.  While  they  are  not  all  that  we  could 
wish  them  to  he  in  technical  craftmanship,  they  are 
the  expression  of  a  finely-cultured  and  an  essentially 
poetic  mind,  always  aiming  at  high  ideals,  and 
often  finding  just  the  words  that  are  needed  by  the 
thought.  Of  the  longer  poems  with  which  the  col- 
lection begins,  "  Sataspes,"  suggested  by  a  passage 
in  Herodotus,  is  one  of  the  best,  but  it  would  be 
still  better  if  the  author  had  given  himself  more 
room.  "Corydon,"  which  is  an  elegy  upon  the 
death  of  Matthew  Arnold,  is  a  noble  poem,  and  we 
wish  that  we  had  space  for  more  than  the  closing 
stanza : 

"  But  thee,  O  Corydon,  shall  the  gracious  light 
Cheer  not  on  earth,  and  if,  as  thou  didst  sing, 

Man's  life  is  bounded  by  oblivion's  night, 
Thou  hast  the  dark  forever.    Not  the  spring 
Rising  from  winter's  grave  to  thee  could  bring 

Authentic  tidings  of  a  world  that  lies 
Beyond  the  shadows  that  dark  planets  fling 

On  this  low  earth  of  ours.    Art  thon  more  wise, 

O  master,  now,  and  hast  thon  seen  it  with  thine  eyes  ?' ' 

It  is  rather  noteworthy  that  the  two  finest  elegiac 
tributes  to  Arnold  should  have  come  from  Amer- 
ica, but  we  have  seen  no  others  that  equal  this  by 
Mr.  Trent  and  Mr.  Carman's  "  Death  in  April." 
Mr.  Trent's  "  Souvenirs  of  Travel "  include  several 
charming  compositions,  among  which  "  Assisi  "  is 
probably  the  best. 

"  Thou  little  town  amid  the  Umbrian  hills, 

Methinks  thou  liest  in  shadows  all  the  day  — 
Some  ghostly'!  presence,  is  it  not,  that  fills 

Thy  narrow  streets  and  crumbling  houses  gray  ?" 

"  Ah  yes  !  his  saintly  shade  that  long  ago 

Loved  nature  through  and  through  from  man  to  clod  — 
Then  what  to  thee  the  noontide's  flaunting  glow, 
Assisi,  where  St.  Francis  walked  with  God  ?" 

Mr.  Trent  writes  excellent  sonnets,  and  some  of 
them  will  be  remembered  by  readers  of  THE  DIAL, 
for  they  made  their  first  appearance  in  our  pages 
If  we  must  make  a  choice  among  them,  it  shall  be 
"  The  Isles  of  Rest." 


"  Ah  me !  the  pity  of  this  great  world's  past, 
The  causes  lost,  the  sighs,  the  fallen  tears, 
The  slow,  blind  rolling  of  the  heavy  years. 
And  all  the  dark  unmeaning  shadows  cast ! 
Canst  thou  not  see  the  sad  procession  vast 
Of  them  that  strove  with  fortune  —  mighty  peers, 
Bearing  their  crowns  or  scrolls  or  harps  or  spears 
Only  to  lay  them  down  and  die  at  last  ?  J 

"  Peace,  fool,  behold  that  calm  sea  on  whose  breast 
The  souls  of  them  that  fought  at  Troy  of  old 

Were  wafted  till  they  reached  the  Isles  of  Rest 
That  lifted  from  the  waves  their  sands  of  gold, 

Whence  sprung  the  palms  beneath  whose  shade  the  Blest 
Of  earthly  lives  serene  the  story  told." 

"  A  Garland  of  Sonnets,"  by  Mr.  Craven  Lang- 
stroth  Betts,  consists  of  thirty-three  tributes  to  as 
many  poets,  couched  in  terms  of  conventional 
praise,  but  revealing  little  insight,  and  not  in  any 
way  remarkable  for  felicity  of  expression.  William 
Morris  is  thus  apostrophized,  and  the  sonnet  fairly 
represents  the  average  quality  of  the  collection : 

"  Chaucer  and  Spencer,  gather  him  to  your  heart, 
The  burly  Radical  of  dreamy  rhyme  ! 
And  crown  him  with  the  Trouvere's  bay  sublime, 
That  ne'er  till  now  had  graced  the  British  mart ; 
For  even  to  him  the  story-teller's  art 
Came  glamorous  out  of  Fancy's  buoyant  clime, 
The  mintage  of  that  golden  ore  of  time 
From  the  world's  childhood  ;  for  he  voiced  in  part 
Your  mid-sea  swaying  melodies,  the  breath 
Of  pastoral  lands,  of  flowry  meads,  and  meres, 
And  your  pale,  poignant  picturing  of  death, 
And  your  dear,  tender  ruth  for  love  in  tears. 
No  idle  singer  he,  whate'er  he  saith  ; 
His  pilgrim  torch  relumes  the  shadowed  years  !  " 

Mr.  Edward  Robeson  Taylor,  in  his  "Moods 
and  Other  Verses,"  has  also  inscribed  sonnets  to  a 
great  many  poets,  among  them  the  French  poet  of 
"  Les  Trophies,"  whose  own  sonnets  he  has  trans- 
lated into  English.  Here  are  the  lines  devoted  to 
M.  de  He're'dia: 

"  'Twas  eagle-winged,  imperial  Pindar,  who 
Sent  down  the  ages  on  the  tide  of  song 
The  thought  that  only  to  the  years  belong 
Those  deeds  that  win  immortal  poets'  due. 
Still  rise  his  crowned  athletes  to  the  new, 
On  his  unwearied  pinions  borne  along  ; 
Still  shepherds'  pipe  and  lay  sound  sweet  and  strong 
As  when  Theocritus  attuned  them  true. 
And  so  through  thee,  the  feats  of  heroes  great, 
The  hues  of  life  of  other  times  than  ours, 
With  such  refulgence  in  thy  sonnets  glow. 
That  in  the  splendor  of  their  new  estate, 
They  there,  with  deathless  Art's  supernal  powers, 
Shall  o'er  the  centuries  enchantments  throw." 

It  is  impossible  to  find  anything  to  praise  in  such 
verse  as  this.  It  is  commonplace  in  ornament  and 
wooden  in  resonance.  Yet  it  is  as  good  verse  as 
we  can  find  in  the  two  hundred  varied  pages  of 
Mr.  Taylor's  volume. 

There  is  some  lovely  verse  in  "The  Search  of 
Ceres,  and  Other  Poems,"  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Warner 
Brooks.  The  writer  has  an  old-fashioned  way  of 
saying  things  simply  and  effectively,  and  her  tech- 
nique is  for  the  most  part  admirable,  although  the 
ear  is  now  and  then  vexed  by  a  redundant  line. 
"  Foretold  "  is  a  short  poem  in  which  the  writer's 
powers  are  exhibited  at  their  best: 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


233 


44  How  went  with  thee,  dear  heart,  the  laggard  years  unblest 
Ere  we  two  met  ?     Alack  !  no  skill  have  I  to  see. 
I  can  but  know,  sweet,  that  (their  prescience  guessed) 
All  my  life's  days  were  then  but  prophecies  of  thee. 
Thy  being  thrilled  my  maidenhood  from  far 
As  winds  unseen  thrill  aspen  leaves.    The  sea 
Sang  of  thee  :    Autumn,  rustling  through  her  ripened 

sheaves, 

•Old  Winter,  drowsing  numbly  neath  his  snows, 
Spring,  with  blown  lilacs,  in  clear  monotone. 
And  Summer,  drunk  with  new  wine  of  the  rose, 
Foretold  thy  advent :  and  in  solemn  joy,  alone, 
Yearning,  I  waited,  till  my  heart  beat  fast 
Hearing  what  way  thy  love-led  footsteps  went ; 
And  then  I  knew  that  God  was  good.     Life  flowered 

at  last ! 
I  looked  into  thine  eyes,  belov'd,  and  was  content." 

There  are  a  number  of  memorial  pieces  in  this 
volume,  of  which  the  best  seems  to  be  the  irregular 
sonnet  addressed  to  the  memory  of  William  E. 
••Russell : 

''.With  poised  stars  his  steadfast  soul  kept  pace, 

And  all  his  life  was  clean  as  snows  untrod  ; 
For,  ever  as  a  flint  he  set  his  face 

For  righteousness  and  duty,  truth  and  Ood  ! 
Bruised  in  a  Circean  herd's  unseemly  strife, 

Like  the  hurt  deer,  he  sought  green  shades  of  rest, 
Cooling  the  fevered  pulses  of  his  life 

On  the  great  Mother's  ever-healing  breast. 
Then  to  his  couch  of  dreams,  at  hush  of  night, 

An  angel  bore  sooth  poppies,  fringed  and  white : 
Softly  he  laid  them  on  his  quiet  eyes, 

And,  like  a  lover,  kissed  away  his  breath, 
And  dreaming  on,  he  woke  in  Paradise 
Immortal !     And  knew  not  the  face  of  Death !  " 

-"The  Search  of  Ceres  "  is  a  charming  poem,  in  an 
original  stanzaic  form,  of  which  an  illustration 
may  be  given  : 

"  Night  swept  her  sables  through  the  vale, 
Above  hung  Hesper,  calm  and  pale, 
In  bosky  depths  a  nightingale 
Her  fleeting  hushed  before  my  wail, 
As,  crazed  with  woe,  I  sought  for  thee, 

Persephone,  Persephone  ! " 

The  queen  of  the  under-world  is  also  taken  as 
the  subject  of  two  poems  in  the  "  Sylva  "  of  Miss 
Elizabeth  G.  Crane.  From  the  first  of  them,  tell- 
ing of  Proserpine's  first  return  to  earth,  the  fol- 
lowing verses  are  taken : 

"  Before  her  now  the  gates  of  Tartarus 
Swung  grudging  wide,  while  every  churlish  bolt 
Shrieked  out  upon  her,  but  she  passed  up,  up, 
Inhaling  through  glad  nostrils  the  fresh  smell 
Of  genial  earth,  whose  lap  with[new  growth  teemed  ; 
For  all  the  spring  yearned  in  her  blood|till  she 
Broke  through  the  earth  with  flowers,  embraced  and  fell 
At  golden  Ceres'  feet,  and  withfquick  touch 
Her  winter  mourning  changed  to  summer  joy." 

The  writer's  fondness  for  classical  themes  is  again 
evinced  in  the  exquisite  poem,  "Marpessa  to 
Apollo,"  suggested  by  the  masterpiece  of  Mr. 
Stephen  Phillips.  The  group  of  irregular  sonnets 
at  the  close  of  the  volume  provides  us  with  the 
following  extract,  in  which  the  writer  appears  at 
her  best : 

"  Dost  thou  remember  how  a  silence  fell 

Between  us  when  beneath  the  stars  we  stood  ? 
Our  light  talk  dropped,  above  it,  we  knew  well, 

Swept  ever  on  love's  strong  and  silent  flood 


Drawing  us  each  to  each,  though  not  one  word 

We  spoke  of  love.    Pale  grew  the  rosy  west, 
Earth  deeply  breathed  in  slumber,  ocean  heard, 

With  answering  murmurs  gently  her  caressed, 
The  flowers  sighed  softly  to  the  wooing  wind, 

The  maiden  moon  sank  in  a  cloud's  embrace  ; 
When  love  moved  all  things,  did  not  nature  kind 

Speak  for  us  both  ?    Thy  soul  sprang  to  thy  face, 
Imperious  summoned  mine  to  pay  love's  debt ; 

As  mine  flashed  back  love's  answer,  our  lips  met." 

There  is  much  delicate  feeling,  and  no  little  of 
technical  mastery,  in  the  little  volume  that  has 
yielded  us  the  above  quotations. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


Among  the  "  Stories  of  the  Nations  " 
S.  8eries  (P«tnam)  unusual  interest  at- 

taches  at  the  present  moment  to  the 
monograph  on  Italy  by  Professor  Pietro  Orsi.  The 
author  is  an  Italian  scholar  of  note,  a  professor  of 
history  in  R.  Liceo  Foscarini,  Venice,  and  a  keen 
student  of  contemporaneous  events  and  conditions. 
His  present  work,  though  limited  in  scope,  fur- 
nishes excellent  reading  for  anyone  wishing  to  profit 
by  an  educated  Italian's  studies  of  his  country's 
history  and  its  future.  An  interesting  departure 
from  the  commonly  accepted  point  of  view  lies  in 
the  credit  given  to  distinctly  literary  men,  not  di- 
rectly engaged  in  political  affairs,  for  their  efforts 
in  behalf  of  Italian  unity  in  the  first  half  of  the 
present  century.  In  every  field  of  literature  men 
were  to  be  found  who  gave  their  best  efforts  and  all 
their  energy  to  the  betterment  of  political  condi- 
tions in  Italy.  These  writers  held  diverse  views 
and  were  interested  in  different  projects,  yet  their 
influence  was  steadily  directed  toward  increasing 
among  the  Italian  people  the  desire  for  Italian  unity 
under  some  form.  Thus  the  Neo-Guelph  party, 
which  would  have  had  Italy  a  federated  state  with 
the  Pope  as  president,  was  founded  as  the  result  of 
the  writings  of  Vincenzo  Gioberti,  "  the  prophet  of 
the  revolution  of  1848."  Sardinia  was  urged  as 
the  natural  and  necessary  centre  of  the  future  state 
by  Cesare  Balbo  in  his  Speranze  D*  Italia.  Re- 
publicanism, pure  and  simple,  found  its  chief 
exponent,  of  course,  in  Mazzini,  but  others  less  in- 
tensely political  by  nature  contributed  to  its  pro- 
gress, as  when  the  actor,  Gustavo  Modena,  recited 
to  enthusiastic  audiences  Silvio  Pellico's  Francesca 
Da  Rimini.  The  tragedies  of  Niccolini,  Massimo 
D'Azeglio's  Ultimi  Casa  Di  JRomagna,  deprecating 
violence  but  bitterly  attacking  the  papal  govern- 
ment, the  works  of  the  patriotic  poets,  Giovanni 
Berchet  and  Mercatini,  all  served  to  maintain  and 
to  increase  popular  fervor  for  some  form  of  national 
unity,  and  are  recognized  as  constituting  an  im- 
portant factor  in  the  development  of  the  modern 
state.  After  1859  the  men  of  action  take  the  front 
of  the  stage,  and  a  brief  account  is  given  of  polit- 


234 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


ical  changes  since  that  time.  Political  leaders  are 
gently  criticised  and  riotous  disturbances  deplored, 
but  in  these  latter  the  author  finds  no  cause  for  be- 
lieving that  the  Italian  people  are  weary  of  union, 
or  that  the  state  is  about  to  fall  to  pieces.  They 
are  rather  caused  by  economic  troubles  specifically 
demanding  readjustment  by  the  united  govern- 
ment, not  tending  to  overthrow  it.  Even  of  the 
long  standing  quarrel  between  Pope  and  King,  the 
view  is  expressed  that  ultimately  the  Pope  will  see 
his  own  best  interest  and  yield  his  untenable  posi- 
tion. The  author  is  distinctly  a  patriot,  and  whether 
or  not  his  views  are  well  founded,  his  patriotism 
and  enthusiasm  are  refreshing,  after  the  recent 
lugubrious  prophecies  by  others  of  the  approaching 
dissolution  of  Italy.  The  translation,  by  Mary 
Alice  Vialls,  is  generally  good,  though  it  is  mark- 
edly better  for  the  inspiring  utterances  of  great 
leaders  like  Cavour,  or  Mazzini  (the  text  abounds 
in  quotations)  than  for  the  author's  own  writing. 

Of  all  the  "  Heroes  of  the  Nations," 
The  story  of  none  is  more  essentially  the  centre 

Richelieu.  .  •intuf       ..u          ^.u 

of  romantic  possibilities  than  the 
great  Cardinal,  Armand  du  Plesis  de  Richelieu. 
The  average  reader  of  this  latter  day  dramatizes 
him  as  "  under  the  red  robe,"  drawing  round  him 
"  the  magic  circle  of  the  Church,"  holding  midnight 
conferences  with  messengers  booted  and  spurred  or 
disguised  bravoes  in  hodden  gray  :  in  general,  as  a 
relentless  spider,  who  "  thrilled  at  each  touch  and 
lived  along  the  line,"  and  gave  his  enemies  the 
choice  between  submission  and  death.  All  this  he 
doubtless  was ;  but  in  Mr.  James  Breck  Perkins's 
volume  on  "  Richelieu  and  the  Growth  of  the  French 
Power"  (Putnam)  the  author  has  pretty  thoroughly 
stripped  off  the  draperies,  and  has  sought  to  tell  a 
plain  tale  plainly  —  the  story  of  the  petty  provincial 
Bishop  of  Lu£on,  who  pushed  and  flattered  and 
intrigued  his  way  to  a  place  at  court;  who  was 
more  of  a  priest  than  an  author,  more  of  a  soldier 
than  a  priest,  and  was  most  of  all  the  statesman 
whose  theory  of  government  was  absolute  monarchy 
with  a  minister  for  monarch.  Mr.  Perkins  writes 
of  his  hero  with  cool  candor  ;  he  has  apparently  no 
illusions  as  to  any  of  the  amiable  virtues  being 
included  in  Richelieu's  outfit :  and  his  readers  have 
little  choice  but  to  accept  his  summary  of  the  Car- 
dinal's character :  "  His  intellect  though  acute  was 
not  original,  his  character  though  vigorous  was  not 
exalted.  .  .  .  He  was  sagacious  in  his  policy,  tire- 
less in  his  activity,  and  remorseless  in  his  animos- 
ities. .  .  .  Imperious  when  he  held  power,  he  was 
obsequious  when  he  sought  it :  no  one  flattered 
the  great  more  adroitly  when  he  was  himself  a 
person  of  small  account."  Mr.  Perkins's  concluding 
words  on  the  results  of  Richelieu's  policy  have  a 
certain  timeliness  to-day:  "It  is  desirable  that 
comfort  should  be  generally  diffused  and  that 
wealth  should  increase,  yet  the  accumulation  of 
money  is  not  the  sole  object  of  national,  any  more 
than  of  individual  existence.  Richelieu  had  other 


ideals ;  he  wished  France  to  be  the  first  state  of 
Europe,  he  desired  that  her  boundaries  should  grow 
broader,  her  power  grow  greater,  her  influence 
become  larger.  He  wished  to  shape  the  form  of 
government  so  that  these  ends  might  be  attained, 
and  he  accomplished  the  object  which  he  undertook. 
It  is  doubtful  whether  the  French  people  were  any 
happier  at  the  end  of  Richelieu's  administration 
than  at  its  beginning,  but  beyond  question,  France 
was  a  more  powerful  state."  The  book  has  the 
usual  attractions  and  conveniences  which  we  have 
learned  to  expect  in  the  volumes  of  this  series : 
there  are  twenty-three  portraits  from  authentic 
sources,  maps  and  plans  of  France  and  Paris, 
and  a  sufficient  index. 


A  dissection 

of  the  Hexaleuch. 


The  first  volume  of  Mr.  W.  E.  Addis's 
"  The  Documents  of  the  Hexateuch  " 
appeared  several  years  ago,  and  now 
the  second,  on  "The  Deuteronomical  Writers  and 
the  Priestly  Documents  "  (Putnam)  presents  its  re- 
sults. These  are  the  questions  asked  and  answered 
in  its  nearly  500  pages :  (1)  What  was  the  kernel 
of  the  Deuteronomical  code  as  found  in  Deuteron- 
omy, chapters  12-26?  (2)  What  is  the  character 
of  the  historical  and  introductory  chapters  (1-11) 
to  this  code?  (3)  What  chapters  were  appended  to 
the  laws  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  word,  which  en- 
force its  observation  partly  by  promises  and  threats, 
and  partly  explain  the  way  in  which  it  was  trans- 
mitted by  Moses  to  the  Levites  ?  (4)  What  was  the 
work  done  by  the  Deuteronomic  school  which  edited 
older  historical  works,  and  inserted  remarks  of  their 
own  in  criticism  of  past  history  ?  The  first  question 
is  answered  (p.  18)  by,  "it  is  not  incredible  that  a 
dozen  hands  may  have  been  at  work  within  this 
narrow  compass"  (chaps.  12-26).  The  second  is 
decided  by,  "  they  (chaps.  1-4:40)  are  a  later  ad- 
dition by  a  writer  of  the  Deuteronomic  school " 
(p.  20);  "chaps.  5-11  must  also  proceed  from  dif- 
ferent bands."  To  the  third  question  we  find  the 
answer,  that  Deuteronomy  chap.  28  is  an  authentic 
part  of  the  original  book,  chap.  27  is  transitional 
between  26  and  28,  and  is  composed  of  old  and  of 
new  material;  chaps.  29-30  are  by  a  later  writer 
of  the  Deuteronomic  school ;  chaps.  31-32  are  also 
made*  up  of  material  of  different  dates.  Briefly, 
the  fourth  question  is  answered  by  finding  traces  of 
the  Deuteronomic  writer  in  the  decalogue,  in  the 
book  of  the  covenant,  in  Joshua  1-12,  and  here 
and  there  in  Judges  and  Kings.  Now,  to  make  all 
of  this  plain  to  the  reader,  the  author  has  presented 
these  documents  in  English  translation,  and  in  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  type  to  represent  the  different  docu- 
ments, and  has  arranged  them  in  the  proper  order, 
under  appropriate  divisions  and  subdivisions.  Abun- 
dant footnotes  are  used  to  give  quotations  from 
other  works,  reasons  for  the  position  taken,  and 
critical  remarks  on  the  text.  This  work  displays  a 
vast  amount  of  critical  genius,  and  presents  the 
vanguard  of  the  extreme  radical  school  of  analytical 
criticism  of  the  Hexateuch. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


235 


Among  the  varied  schemes  conceived 
Famous  pets  of  j™  humane  English  men  and  women 

Oxford  University.    £J     ,,  ',  ,,.        tu     r       J 

for  the  purpose  of  swelling  the  fund 
consecrated  to  the  needs  of  the  wounded  soldiers  in 
the  Boer  country,  is  an  ingenious  and  interesting 
device  brought  to  maturity  by  members  of  the 
scholarly  circle  connected  with  Oxford  University. 
It  is  the  publication  of  a  neat  volume  comprising 
upward  of  a  score  of  brief,  unpretending  sketches  of 
"Some  Oxford  Pets"  (Oxford:  B.  H.  Blackwell). 
Each  is  by  a  separate  hand  and  commemorates 
feelingly  the  virtues  and  manners  of  individuals  of 
the  inferior  races  that  have  been  by  chance  or  choice 
adopted  as  housemates  and  familiar  friends.  Pro- 
fessor and  Mrs.  Max  Miiller  tell  of  the  endearing 
traits  of  a  couple  of  dachshunds  that  were  for  years 
valued  companions.  Mr.  W.  Warde  Fowler  writes 
the  memoir  of  Billy,  the  fox-terrier,  who  was  trained 
to  respect  the  rights  of  birds  as  faithfully  as  did 
his  master.  Dr.  Fairbairn  declares  his  abiding 
affection  for  two  full-blooded  terriers  who  betrayed 
their  noble  pedigree  in  their  dignified  behavior. 
One  contributor  relates  the  story  of  a  brown  owl 
that,  completely  domesticated,  evinced  surprising 
intelligence  in  a  loyal  attachment  to  its  owner  that 
lasted  through  a  considerable  lifetime.  Another 
gives  an  engaging  account  of  a  jerboa,  that  strange 
creature  of  whom  Browning  said : 

"  There  are  none  such  as  he  for  a  wonder — 
Half  bird  and  half  mouse." 

A  rat,  a  mouse,  a  hen,  and  a  chameleon  are  among 
the  list  of  humble  beings  honored  with  a  memorial 
by  loving  survivors.  The  sketches  possess  an  in- 
terest apart  from  the  subjects  they  treat.  They 
reveal  the  gentle  side  of  the  writer,  and  in  every 
case  win  us  by  the  kind  and  just  consideration 
shown  to  dumb  dependents  who  were  thrown  upon 
the  mercy  of  their  masters,  and  were  never  neglected 
nor  oppressed.  The  historettes  were  compiled  by 
Mrs.  Wallace  and  furnished  with  a  preface  by  Mr. 
W.  Warde  Fowler,  M.A. 


The  latest 
in  Biology. 


The  same  high  standard  of  scientific 
excellence  found  in  previous  issues 
is  to  be  seen  in  the  "Woods  Holl 
Biological  Lectures  "  (Ginn  &  Co.)  for  1899.  The 
titles  of  the  sixteen  lectures  show  that  the  annual 
volume  for  the  past  year  is  somewhat  more  varied 
than  usual  in  its  contents  and  that  it  contains  a 
large  amount  that  is  non-technical  for  the  general 
reader.  The  lecturers  come  from  the  leading  uni- 
versities throughout  our  country  and  speak  upon 
themes  which  are  their  specialties.  The  book  thus 
affords  first-hand  information  in  condensed  and 
usually  very  readable  form  upon  subjects  at  present 
prominent  in  biological  discussion.  Professor  Camp- 
bell writes  of  the  evolution  of  the  higher  plants  in 
the  light  of  cytology,  and  Professor  Penhallow  of 
the  evidence  which  fossil  plants  reveal  of  the  course 
of  evolution  of  the  vegetable  world.  Professor 
MacDougal  reports  upon  a  new  field  of  investiga- 
tion, the  effect  of  ascending  and  descending  cur- 


rents of  air  upon  the  distribution  of  life  in  moun- 
tain regions.  Dr.  Thorndike  discusses  instinct  and 
the  associative  processes  in  animals  with  experi- 
mental evidence  that  controverts  some  generally 
accepted  views.  The  reactions  of  minute  organisms 
to  various  forms  of  stimuli  are  summarized  by  Dr. 
Jennings  from  his  recent  studies,  and  an  account  of 
the  blind  fishes  of  North  America  is  given  by  Pro- 
fessor Eigenmann.  Other  lectures  treat  of  neglected 
factors  in  evolution,  the  growth  of  color  in  moths 
and  butterflies,  the  physiology  of  secretion,  and  old 
and  new  interpretations  of  regeneration.  The  ap- 
plication of  statistical  methods  to  the  problem  of 
variation  and  the  study  of  race  changes  is  warmly 
advocated  by  Professor  Davenport.  The  closing 
chapter  is  a  brief  but  most  interesting  account  of 
Professor  Loeb's  startling  discovery  of  the  produc- 
tion of  artificial  parthenogenesis  in  the  eggs  of  sea- 
urchins  by  the  use  of  chemical  solutions. 


A  famous  f  envy  that  the 

secondary  school  American  reads  Mr.  Lionel  Cust's 
of  England.  «  History  of  Eton  College"  (im- 

ported by  Scribner),  the  latest  volume  of  a  series 
on  English  public  schools,  those  ancient  founda- 
tions which  succeed  in  giving  the  governing  classes 
of  England  an  education  so  suitable  for  their  coun- 
try's ambitions.  But  it  is  rather  because  of  the 
associations,  the  "  atmosphere,"  which  centuries  of 
classical  and  literary  cultivation  within  its  ancient 
walls  have  created,  than  for  any  of  those  curiously 
barbaric  tendencies  in  the  English  aristocracy  which 
Matthew  Arnold  deplored,  that  Americans  are  en- 
vious. Founded  by  that  most  amiable  king,  Henry 
VI.,  in  1440,  and  persevering  under  conditions  prac- 
tically unchanged  until  1875,  Eton  has  acquired  a 
momentum  in  the  educational  world  which  no  sec- 
ondary school  in  the  United  States  can  hope  to  rival. 
In  the  growing  sense  of  "  shame  in  dying  rich  " 
which  would  be  so  promising  a  sign  in  our  national 
life  were  it  less  suggestive  of  mediaeval  penitence, 
the  secondary  schools  have  been  forgotten  ;  and 
more  than  one  whose  brief  years  were  filled  with 
hope  and  promise  of  almost  Etonian  usefulness  have 
been  permitted  to  languish  and  die. 


Living  as 
an  Art. 


In  his  little  volume,  "  The  Arts  of 
Life"  (Houghton),  Mr.  R.  R.  Bowker 
discusses  with  compelling  thought- 
fulness  various  phases  of  the  conduct  of  life  as  a 
well  ordered  existence  informed  by  culture  and 
high  ideals.  His  more  important  chapters  deal  with 
education,  business,  politics,  and  religion,  and  in 
the  course  of  them  he  sets  forth  with  a  pleasing  lit- 
erary art  the  attitude  towards  life  and  its  problems 
of  a  man  of  fine  culture  and  clear  conception  of  the 
broader  aspects  of  our  relation  to  environment  and 
to  ourselves.  Mr.  Bowker  has  nothing  strikingly 
original  to  offer  in  his  philosophy  of  life,  but  the 
philosophy  is  so  attractive  and  well  rounded  out, 
and  the  presentation  of  it  has  so  much  of  the  charm 
of  meditation  and  personality,  that  the  reader  is 


236 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


glad  to  follow  it  with  something  more  than  inter- 
est. Concluding,  he  says:  "The  thought  of  Evolu- 
tion, opposing  itself  alike  to  the  doctrines  of  special 
creation  in  nature,  of  revolution  in  society  and 
government,  and  of  instant  'conversion'  in  religion, 
has  become  the  great  light  upon  God's  universe,  which 
more  than  any  other  before  given  to  man,  gives 
us  knowledge  even  of  the  uses  of  evil  and  the  great 
hope  of  the  triumphing  of  good.  In  this  thought, 
to  each  of  the  sons  and  daughters  of  men  is  com- 
mitted the  destiny  of  Man.  This  is  the  End  of 
the  Arts  of  Life."  In  an  age  so  full  of  feverish 
eagerness  to  drink  the  wine  of  life  to  the  lees  and 
wait  not  we  may  well  be  grateful  for  every  such 
calm  survey  of  the  larger  possibilities  of  existence 
and  its  finer  aspirations,  and  no  one  can  read  Mr. 
Bowker's  volume  without  feeling  that  the  atmos- 
phere of  his  work-a-day  world  has  been  cleared 
somewhat  by  the  breath  of  some  diviner  air  blown 
upon  him  from  the  heights. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


The  school  text-books  of  to-day  are  so  immeasurably 
better  than  those  of  fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago  that 
there  are  few  departments  in  which  anything  is  left  to 
be  desired.  But  the  ideal  book  of  English  history  for 
school  use  has  been  long  delayed,  and  we  welcome  Mr. 
J.  N.  Larned's  "History  of  England"  (Houghton)  as 
at  least  a  close  approach  to  that  ideal.  We  have  never 
seen  a  better  book  upon  the  subject,  and  should  find  it 
difficult  to  suggest  wherein  the  present  work  might  be 
improved.  In  style,  in  choice  of  illustration,  in  topical 
analysis,  and  in  helpful  material  for  the  use  of  teachers, 
it  is  a  thoroughly  admirable  production,  and  should  at 
once  find  its  way  into  secondary  schools  everywhere. 

The  cosmopolitan  scholarship  of  Signer  Federica 
Garlanda,  the  editor  of  the  Italian  "  Minerva,"  is  at- 
tested by  a  number  of  publications  in  philology,  political 
science,  and  literary  criticism.  His  latest  work  (Rome: 
Laziale)  is  entitled  "  Guglielmo  Shakespeare,  il  Poeta 
e  l'Uomo."  It  is  a  careful  study  of  the  life  and  times 
of  Shakespeare,  with  a  readable  account  of  the  most 
important  of  the  plays,  particular  attention  being  given 
to  those  having  Italian  subjects.  It  is  full  of  reverence 
for  the  genius  of  the  poet,  and  exhibits  an  appreciation 
of  his  qualities  somewhat  deeper  and  more  subtle  than 
we  expect  from  a  critic  of  the  Latin  race. 

Mr.  David  McKay  is  the  publisher  of  a  new  edition 
of  an  important  practical  manual  by  Mr.  Oliver  Davie. 
It  is  entitled  "  Methods  in  the  Art  of  Taxidermy," 
and  gives  complete  expert  directions  for  every  process 
connected  with  the  preparation  and  stuffing  of  the 
skins  of  animals,  including  birds,  mammals,  crustace- 
ans, fishes,  and  reptiles.  The  author  was  engaged 
upon  this  work  for  many  years,  and  it  has  the  benefit 
of  his  life-long  experience.  The  illustrations  consist 
of  nearly  a  hundred  full-page  engravings. 

The  Messrs.  Scribner  have  revamped  the  translation, 
made  more  than  twenty  years  ago,  of  Gaboriau's  most 
popular  novels,  and  the  result  is  a  uniform  set  of  six 
presentable  volumes.  The  set  includes  "  Monsieur 
Lecoq  "  and  its  sequel  or  supplement,  "  The  Honor  of 
the  Name,"  "File  113,"  "The  Widow  Lerouge,"  "  Other 
People's  Money,"  and  "  The  Mystery  of  Orcival." 


NOTES. 

"Poems  from  Shelley  and  Keats,"  edited  by  Mr. 
Sidney  C.  Newson,  is  a  school  text  recently  published 
by  the  Macmillan  Co. 

The  American  Jewish  Year  Book  for  5661  (1900- 
1901),  edited  by  Dr.  Cyrus  Adler,  will  be  issued  at 
once  by  the  Jewish  Publication  Society  of  America. 

Dr.  F.  D.  Allen's  edition  of  the  "  Medea  "  of  Eurip- 
ides, revised  by  Dr.  Clifford  H.  Moore,  is  among  the 
latest  educational  publications  of  Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co. 

Alice  B.  Stockham  &  Co.  are  the  publishers  of  a 
small  book  on  "Tolstoy,"  in  two  parts,  the  first  of 
which  is  the  work  of  Miss  Alice  B.  Stockham,  and  the 
second  the  work  of  Mr.  Havelock  Ellis. 

"  Bibliomania  in  the  Middle  Ages,"  by  F.  Somner 
Merry  weather,  is  the  subject  of  the  next  volume  to 
appear  in  the  series  of  book-lovers'  classics  published  by 
Messrs.  Meyer  Brothers  &  Co.,  of  New  York. 

Beginning  with  the  September  number,  "  Art  Educa- 
tion "  appears  in  an  enlarged  and  improved  form,  and 
hereafter  will  make  its  appeal  to  all  who  are  interested 
in  art  matters,  whether  teachers  of  the  subject  or  not. 

Mr.  Richard  Watson  Gilder  has  reissued  his  "  Five 
Books  of  Song,"  being  his  complete  poetical  writings, 
in  an  edition  which  embodies  numerous  revisions  and 
additions  to  the  earlier  text.  The  Century  Co.  publish 
the  volume. 

A  single  volume  contains  Parts  III.  and  IV.  of  the 
"  Handbook  to  Christian  and  Ecclesiastical  Rome," 
which  has  been  prepared  by  Messrs.  M.  A.  R.  Tucker 
and  Hope  Malleson.  The  work  is  published  by  the 
Macmillan  Co. 

"  Whence  and  Whither,"  by  Dr.  Paul  Carus,  is  a 
volume  of  popular  philosophy,  being  "  an  inquiry  into 
the  nature  of  the  soul,  its  origin,  and  its  destiny."  It 
is  issued  by  the  Open  Court  Co.  in  their  "  Religion  of 
Science  Library."  • 

"  Places  I  Have  Visited,"  published  by  Messrs.  Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.,  is  one  of  Lamb's  biblia  a-biblia.  It  is  a 
blank  book,  in  which  a  traveler  may  record  his  im- 
pressions, and  set  forth  the  circumstances  of  his  visit 
to  any  particular  place. 

White's  "  Selborne  "  and  the  ever-delightful "  Travels 
of  Sir  John  Mandeville  "  are  given  us  as  the  two  latest 
volumes  in  the  "  Library  of  English  Classics  "  published 
by  the  Macmillan  Co.  Mr.  A.  W.  Pollard  is,  as  here- 
tofore with  this  series,  the  editor. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  send  us  Volume  III.  of  Mr.  Evelyn 
Shuckburgh's  translation  of  "  The  Letters  of  Cicero." 
One  more  volume  will  complete  this  undertaking,  and 
provide  us  with  the  entire  extant  correspondence  of  the 
great  Roman  statesman  and  man  of  letters. 

The  seventh  and  concluding  volume  of  Professor 
Bury's  edition  of  Gibbon's  "  Decline  and  Fall  "  has  just 
been  published  by  the  Messrs.  Macmillan.  An  index 
of  nearly  two  hundred  pages,  prepared  by  Mrs.  Bury, 
appears  with  this  volume,  and  immeasurably  enhances 
the  value  of  the  edition. 

One  of  the  latest  —  we  do  not  venture  to  say  the 
latest  —  translators  of  Omar  is  Professor  F.  York 
Powell,  who  has  tried  his  hand  at  a  few  of  the  Rubai- 
yat.  His  "  XXIV.  Quatrains  from  Omar,"  as  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  M.  F.  Mansfield,  makes  a  very  pretty 
little  book,  but  the  verse  is  tame  at  the  best,  and  we 
cannot  understand  what  could  have  persuaded  any  one 
to  compose  or  to  publish  it. 


1900.] 


THE   DIAL 


237 


Part  III.  of  Mr.  Evelyn  Abbott's  "History  of 
Greece,"  now  published  by  Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons,  extends  from  445  to  403  B.  C.;  in  other  words, 
from  the  Thirty  Years'  Peace  to  the  Fall  of  the  Thirty 
at  Athens.  It  includes  some  reprinted  matter  from 
the  author's  "  Perides."  One  more  volume  will  com- 
plete the  work. 

The  late  Hugh  McCulloch's  "  Men  and  Measures  of 
Half  a  Century,"  which  has  now  for  some  time  been 
out  of  print,  is  reproduced  in  a  new  and  cheaper  edition 
by  the  Messrs.  Scribner.  It  is  well  that  this  should 
have  been  done,  for  the  work  is  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant memoirs  of  its  period,  and  is  much  in  demand  by 
students  of  American  history. 

"  Ned  Myers  ;  or,  Life  before  the  Mast,"  has  been 
added  by  the  Messrs.  Putnam  to  their  "Mohawk"  edi- 
tion of  Cooper's  novels.  This  book,  it  will  be  remem- 
bered, is  the  one  recently  discovered,  and  thought  at 
first  to  have  remained  unpublished,  although  it  was 
afterwards  proved  to  have  seen  the  light.  It  now  takes 
its  long  vacant  place  in  the  library  sets  of  Cooper. 

Messrs.  Newson  &  Co.,  New  York,  are  the  publish- 
ers of  "  A  Modern  English  Grammar,"  by  Mr.  Huber 
Gray  Buehler.  It  seems  to  be  a  sensible  sort  of  book, 
free  from  scholastic  rubbish,  and  thoroughly  practical 
in  method.  It  is  evidently  the  work  of  an  experienced 
and  successful  teacher  of  the  subject.  It  also  speaks 
well  for  the  new  publishing  house  of  which  it  consti- 
tutes the  first  venture. 

Dr.  Raymond  M.  Alden  is  the  author  of  a  treatise  on 
"The  Art  of  Debate"  (Holt),  which  will  be  found 
highly  useful  by  students  who  are  training  for  forensic 
honors.  The  discussion  is  lucid,  and  the  illustrative 
material  adduced  is  of  the  most  helpful  sort.  Nor 
should  we  neglect  to  mention  the  appended  list  of  sub- 
jects for  debate,  which  will  doubtless  help  many  a  com- 
mittee of  students  to  solve  the  vexatious  initial  problem 
of  deciding  upon  the  question  to  be  debated. 

The  news  of  the  death  of  Thomas  Davidson,  which 
occurred  on  the  14th  of  September,  will  cause  wide- 
spread grief,  not  only  in  educational  and  philosophical 
circles,  but  wherever  his  influence  was  felt,  which 
means  among  great  numbers  of  men  and  women  to 
whom  the  intellectual  life  is  not  so  much  a  professional 
matter  as  the  highest  of  general  human  concerns.  To 
many  such  people,  his  writings  and  his  lectures  came 
as  a  quickening  influence  and  a  vital  inspiration,  en- 
forced by  a  large  and  sympathetic  personality.  His 
books  were  the  least  importaut  of  his  points  of  contact 
with  his  fellow-men,  and  his  life  was  an  even  finer 
thing  than  his  published  work.  Born  a  Scotsman  in 
1840,  his  footsteps  sought  one  centre  of  learning  after 
another  in  England  and  on  the  Continent,  and  for  his 
last  score  or  so  of  years  he  was  a  resident  of  this 
country.  His  chief  studies  were  in  Greek  and  scholastic 
philosophy,  in  the  theory  of  education,  in  the  fine  arts, 
and  in  the  higher  reaches  of  literature.  He  was  the 
interpreter  of  such  men  as  Aquinas,  Bonaventura, 
Dante,  and  Rosmini.  He  was  a  vigorous  philosophical 
thinker,  with  a  touch  of  mysticism,  seeming  at  times 
a  radical,  and  at  others  a  reactionary.  His  summer 
school  of  philosophy  in  the  Adirondacks  attracted  an- 
nually a  notable  company  of  serious  men  and  women, 
and  exercised  a  considerable  influence  over  contem- 
porary thought.  The  fine  old  ideal  of  plain  living  and 
high  thinking  was  never  better  exemplified  than  in  the 
person  of  this  robust  and  genial  scholar,  whose  loss  we 
now  chronicle  with  unfeigned  regret. 


THE   SEASON'S   BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

In  continuation  of  our  Announcement  List  of  Fall 
Books,  in  THE  DIAL  for  September  16,  we  give  the  fol- 
lowing List  of  Forthcoming  Books  for  the  Young. 

Hans  Christian  Andersen's  Fairy  Tales,  trans,  by  H.  L. 
Brsekstad,  with  250  illustrations  by  the  Danish  artist  Hans 
Tegner,  $5. — Josey  and  the  Chipmunk,  by  Sydney  Reid, 
illus.,  $1.50.  —  Pretty  Polly  Perkins,  by  Gabrielle  E. 
Jackson,  illus.,  $1.50. — The  Century  Book  of  the  Amer- 
ican Colonies,  by  Elbridge  S.  Brooks,  illus.,  $1.50.  — St. 
Nicholas  Book  of  Plays  and  Operettas,  illus.,  $1.— Bound 
volume  of  St.  Nicholas  for  1900,  2  parts,  illus.,  per  part 
$2.  (Century  Co.) 

A  New  Wonderland,  by  L.  Frank  Bauni,  illus.  in  colors,  etc., 
by  Frank  Verbeck,  $1.50.— The  Little  Boy  Book,  by 
Helen  Hay,  illus.  in  colors  by  Frank  Verbeck,  $1.50.— An 
Alphabet  of  Indians,  by  Emery  Leverett  Williams,  with 
descriptive  text  by  Mrs.  Williams,  $2.  —  In  and  Out  of  the 
Nursery,  verses  and  songs  by  Eva  Eickemeyer  Rowland, 
illus.  by  Rudolf  Eickemeyer,  Jr.,  $2,  —  The  Moon  Babies, 
verses  about  Chinese  children,  by  G.  Orr  Clark,  illus.  in 
color,  etc.,  by  Helen  Hyde,  $1.50.  —  Beasts  and  Birds, 
drawings  by  Frank  Verbeck,  verses  by  Helen  Hay,  $1.25. 
—  A  Hand-Book  of  Golf  for  Bears,  drawings  in  colors  by 
Frank  Verbeck,  verses  by  Hay  den  Can-nth,  $1.  —  Nanny, 
by  T.  E.  Butler,  illus.  in  colors,  $1.  —  In  Camp  with  a  Tin 
Soldier,  by  John  Kendrick  Bangs,  new  edition,  $1.25. 
(R.  H.  Russell.) 

The  Grey  Fairy  Book,  edited  by  Andrew  Lang,  illus.,  $2.  — 
The  Princess's  Story  Book,  edited  by  George  Laurence 
Gomme,  illus.,  $2.  — The  Golliwogg's  Polar  Adventures, 
pictures  in  colors  by  Florence  K.  Upton,  verses  by  Bertha 
Upton,  $2.  — Urchins  of  the  Sea,  by  Marie  Overton  Corbin 
and  Charles  Buxton  Going,  illus.,  $1.25.  (Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co.) 

The  Dream  Fox  Story  Book,  by  Mabel  Osgood  Wright,  illus. 
by  Oliver  Herford,  $1.50  net.  —  The  April  Baby's  Book  of 
Tunes,  by  the  author  of  "  Elizabeth  and  her  German  Gar- 
den," illus.  in  colors.  — The  Reign  of  King  Heria,  edited 
by  Wm.  Canton,  illus.  by  Charles  Robinson.  —  A  Noah's 
Art  Geography,  written  and  illus.  by  Mabel  Dearmer.  — 
The  House  That  Grew,  by  Mrs.  Molesworth,  illns.  —  Hel- 
met and  Spear,  stories  from  the  wars  of  the  Greeks  and 
Romans,  by  Rev.  A.  J.  Church,  M.A.  —  The  Tale  of  the 
Little  Twin  Dragons,  illus.  in  colors  by  S.  Rosamund 
Praeger.  ( Macmillan  Co. ) 

The  World  of  the  Great  Forest,  how  animals,  birds,  reptiles, 
and  insects  talk,  think,  work,  and  live,  by  Paul  Du  Chaillu, 
illus.,  $2. —The  Jack  of  All  Trades,  or  New  Ideas  for 
American  Boys,  by  Daniel  C.  Beard,  illus.  by  the  author, 
$2. — The  Outdoor  Handy  Book,  for  playground,  field,  and 
forest,  by  Daniel  C.  Beard,  illus.,  $2.  —  Fairies  and  Folk 
of  Ireland,  by  William  Henry  Frost,  illus.,  $1.50.— Brethren 
of  the  Coast,  a  tale  of  West  Indian  pirates,  by  Kirk  Munroe, 
illus.,  $1.25. — New  books  by  G.  A.  Henty,  comprising : 
In  the  Irish  Brigade,  a  story  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV.; 
Out  with  Garibaldi,  a  story  of  the  liberation  of  Italy ;  With 
Buller  in  Natal,  or  A  Born  Leader;  each  illus.,  $1.50. 
(Charles  Scribner's  Sons. ) 

Gopps  and  How  to  Be  Them,  a  manual  of  manners  for  polite 
infants,  written  and  illus.  by  Gelett  Burgess,  $1.50. — The 
Snow  Baby,  by  Josephine  D.  Peary,  illus.,  $1.50. — Jack 
among  the  Indians,  a  sequel  to  "  Jack,  the  Young  Ranch- 
man." by  George  Bird  Grinnell,  illus.,  $1.50.  —  Heroes  of 
the  Revolution,  by  Tom  Hall,  illus.,  $1.25.  — Children  of 
the  Revolution,  facsimiles  of  water-color  drawings  by 
Maud  Humphrey,  $2.  —  Little  Continentals,  and  Little 
Folks  of  '76,  facsimiles  of  water-color  drawings  by  Maud 
Humphrey,  each  $1.25. — A  Day  in  the  Zoo,  a  novelty 
colored  picture  book,  $3.50. — Queer  Folks,  a  combination 
picture  book  in  colors,  by  Lothar  Meggendorfer,  $1.50.  — 
Attention,  movable  pictures  in  colors,  by  Lothar  Meggen- 
dorfer, $2.  (Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

Old  Songs  for  Young  America,  illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  by  B. 
Ostertag,  music  arranged  by  Clarence  Forsyth,  $2.50. — 
The  Wild  Animal  Play,  by  Ernest  Seton-Thompson,  illus., 
50  cts.  —  Under  the  Great  Bear,  a  story  of  adventure  in 
Labrador  and  the  Arctic  Sea,  by  Kirk  Munroe,  illus., 
$1.25. — The  Autobiography  of  a  Tom-Boy,  by  Jeannette  L. 
Gilder,  illus.,  $1.25.  — Boys'  Book  of  Explorations,  by 
Tudor  Jenks,  illus.,  $2.— The  Little  Bible,  Old  Testament 
stories  simply  rewritten  for  young  people,  by  J.  W. 
Mackail,  $1.  (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 


238 


THE   DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


Friend  or  Foe,  a  tale  of  Connecticut  during  the  War  of  1812, 
by  Frank  Samuel  Child,  illus.,  $1.50.  —In  the  Hands  of 
the  Redcoats,  a  tale  of  the  Jersey  ship  and  the  Jersey 
shore  in  the  days  of  the  Revolution,  by  Everett  T. 
Tomlinson,  illus.,  $1.50. — Ednah  and  her  Brothers,  by 
Eliza  Orne  White,  illus.,  $1. — Dorothy  Deane,  and  Dorothy 
and  her  Friends,  by  Ellen  Oluey  Kirk,  new  editions,  illus., 
each  $1.25.  —  The  Book  of  Saints  and  Friendly  Beasts,  by 
Abbie  Farwell  Brown,  illus.  —  Mountain  Playmates,  by 
Helen  R.  Albee.  —  A  Georgian  Bungalow,  by  Frances 
Courtenay  Baylor,  illus.,  $1.  (Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.) 
A  Child  of  Glee,  by  A.  G.  Plympton,  illus.,  $1.50.— A  Little 
American  Girl  in  India,  by  Harriet  A.  Cheever,  illus., 
$1.50. —  Brenda,  her  School  and  her  Club,  by  Helen  Leah 
Reed,  illus.,  $1.50.  —  Nan's  Chicopee  Children,  by  My ra 
Sawyer  Hamlin,  illus.,  $1.25.  — The  Christmas  Angel,  by 
Katharine  Pyle,  illus.  by  the  author,  $1.50.— The  World's 
Discoverers,  the  story  of  bold  voyages  by  brave  navigators 
during  a  thousand  years,  by  William  Henry  Johnson,  illus., 
$1.50. —  Doris  and  her  Dog  Rodney,  by  Lily  F.  Wessel- 
hoeft,  illus.,  $1.50.  —  Phoebe,  her  Profession,  a  sequel  to 
"Teddy,  her  Book,"  by  Anna  Chapin  Ray,  illus.,  $1.50. 
—  Tom's  Boy,  by  the  author  of  "  Miss  Toosey's  Mission," 
illus.,  $1.  —The  Young  and  Old  Puritans  of  Hatfieid,  by 
Mary  P.  Wells  Smith,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Gold  Seeking  on  the 
Dalton  Trail,  by  Arthur  R.  Thompson,  illus.,  $1.50.— 
Scouting  for  Washington,  a  story  of  the  days  of  Sumter 
and  Tarleton,  by  John  Preston  True,  illus.,  $1.50.  (Little, 
Brown,  &  Co. ) 

Donegal  Fairy  Stories,  by  Seumas  MacManus,  illus,  $1.— 
The  Jumping  Kangaroo  and  the  Apple-Butter  Cat,  by 
John  W.  Harrington,  illus.,  $1.  —  Yankee  Enchantments, 
by  Charles  Battell  Loomis,  illus.,  $1.25.  (McClure,  Phillips 
&Co.) 

Anneke,  a  little  dame  of  New  Netherlands,  by  Elizabeth  W. 
Champney,  $1.50. — A  new  Sherburne  book,  by  Amanda  M. 
Douglas,  $1.50. —  A  Little  Girl  in  Old  Washington,  by 
Amanda  M.  Douglas,  $1.50.  — A  Short  History  of  Music, 
told  for  young  people,  by  Anna  A.  Chapin,  illus.,  $1.50. — 
Elsie's  Young  Folks,  by  Martha  Finley,  $1.25.  — The 
Adventures  of  Mabel,  for  children  of  five  and  six,  by 
Harry  Thurston  Peck,  new  edition,  illus.,  $1.  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.) 

For  the  Honor  of  the  School,  a  story  of  school  life  and  inter- 
scholastic  sport,  by  Ralph  H.  Barbour,  illus.,  $1.50. — 
Reuben  James,  a  hero  of  the  forecastle,  by  Cyrus  Town- 
send  Brady,  illus.,  $1.  —  In  the  Days  of  Jefferson,  or  The 
Six  Golden  Horseshoes,  a  tale  of  republican  simplicity,  by 
Hezekiah  Butterworth,  illus.,  $1.50.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 
Shireen  and  her  Friends,  the  autobiography  of  a  Persian  eat, 
by  Gordon  Stables,  illus.,  $1.25.  — Fairy  Folk  from  Far 
and  Near,  by  A.  C.  Woolf,  M.A.,  illus.  in  colors,  $1.50.— 
Bully,  Fag,  and  Hero,  by  Charles  J.  Mansford,  illus., 
$1.50.  —  The  Adventures  of  a  Boy  Reporter  in  the  Philip- 
pines, by  Harry  Steele  Morrison,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Tales 
Told  in  the  Zoo,  by  F.  C.  Gould,  illus.,  $2.  —The  Young 
Gunbearer,  by  G.  Waldo  Browne,  illus.,  $1.  — The  Little 
Colonel's  House  Party,  by  Annie  Fellows- Johnston,  illus., 
$1.  —  Chums,  by  Maria  Louise  Pool,  illus.,  $1. —  Cozy 
Corner  Series,  new  vols.:  The  Story  of  Dago,  by  Annie 
Fellows-Johnston  ;  Farmer  Brown  and  the  Birds,  by 
Frances  M.  Fox  ;  For  his  Country,  by  Marshall  Saundera  ; 
A  Little  Puritan's  First  Christmas,  by  Edith  Robinson  ; 
Little  Sunshine's  Holiday,  by  Miss  Mulock ;  The  Water 
People,  by  Charles  Lee  Sleight ;  The  Prince  of  the  Pin 
Elves,  by  Charles  Lee  Sleight ;  Helena's  Wonderworld,  by 
Frances  Hodges  White ;  The  Adventures  of  Beatrice  and 
Jessie,  by  Richard  Mansfield ;  A  Child's  Garden  of  Verse, 
by  R.  L.  Stevenson ;  each  illus.,  50  cts.  (L.  C.  Page  &  Co.) 
The  Armed  Ship  America,  by  James  Otis,  $1.25.  —Rita,  by 
Laura  E.  Richards,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  The  Animals  of  ^Esop, 
illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  by  J.  J.  Mora,  $1.50.— Traveller  Tales 
of  South  America,  by  Hezekiah  Butterworth,  illus.,  $1.50. 

—  Fighting  for  the  Empire,  by  James  Otis,  illus.,  $1.50.— 
For  the  Liberty  of  Texas,  by  Captain  Ralph  Bonehill, 
illus.,  $1.25.  — For  Tommy,  by  Laura  E.  Richards,  $1.  — 
Chatterbox  for  1900,  illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  $1.25.  — Little 
Folks'  Illustrated  Annual,  illus.,  $1.25. —  Boston  Boys  of 
1775,  by  James  Otis,  illus.,  75  cts.  — The  Boy  Duck-Hunt- 
ers, by   Frank  E.   Kellogg,  illus.,  $1.50.  — Ned,  Son   of 
Webb,  what  he  did.  by  William  0.  Stoddard,  illus.,  $1.50. 

—  A  Tale  of  the  Old  School,  by  F.  H.  Costello,  illus., 
$1.50.  —The  Substitute  Quarter-back,  or  The  Quality  of 
Mercy,  by  Eustace  L.  Williams,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  The  Bop- 
Boo  Stories,  by  Gertrude  Smith,  illus.,  $1.  — The  Pixie 
and  Elaine  Stories,  by  Carrie  E.  Morrison,  illus.,  $1.25.  — 


What  Did  the  Black  Cat  Do?  by  Margaret  Johnson, 
75  cts. — The  Littlest  One  of  the  Browns,  by  Sophie  Swett, 
illus.,  50  cts.  —  Young  of  Heart  Series,  new  vols.:  The 
Little  Earl,  by  Ouida  ;  The  Child  of  Urbino,  and  Moufflon, 
by  Ouida  ;  A  New  Little  Tong's  Mission,  by  Etheldred  B. 
Barry ;  The  Burglar's  Daughter,  by  Margaret  Penrose  ; 
The  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow,  by  Washington  Irving; 
The  Bicycle  Highwaymen,  by  Frank  M.  Bicknell ;  Ted's 
Little  Dear,  by  Harriet  A.  Cheever  ;  each  illus.,  50  cts. — 
Snow-White,  or  the  House  in  The  Wood,  by  Laura  E. 
Richards,  illus.,  50  cts.  (Dana  Estes  &  Co. ) 
The  Arabian  Nights,  illus.  by  W.  H.  Robinson,  Helen 
Stratton,  A.  D.  McCormick,  A.  L.  Davis,  and  A.  E. 
Norbury,  $3.  —  The  Water  Babies,  by  Charles  Kingsley, 
illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  by  Geo.  Wright,  $2.  —  Fairy  Stories 
from  the  Little  Mountains,  by  John  Fiunemore,  illus.,  $1. 
—  Alice  in  Wonderland,  and  Through  the  Looking  Glass, 
by  Lewis  Carroll,  illus.  in  colors  by  Blanche  McManus, 
new  edition,  two  volumes  in  one,  $2.  (A.  Wessels  Co.) 
In  the  Hands  of  the  Cave-Dwellers,  by  G.  A.  Henty,  illus., 
$1.25  — The  Roggie  and  Reggie  Stories,  by  Gertrude 
Smith,  illus.  in  colors,  $1.50.  —  Wonder  Stories  from 
Herodotus,  retold  by  G.  H.  Boden  and  W.  Barrington 
D' Almeida,  illus.  by  H.  Granville  Fell.  — The  Road  to 
Nowhere,  by  Livingston  B.  Morse,  illus.,  $1.50.  (Harper 
&  Brothers.) 

Baby  Goose,  his  Adventures,  by  Fannie  E.  Ostrander,  illus. 
in  colors  by  R.  W.  Hirchert,  $1.25. —  Fireside  Battles,  a 
story  for  girls,  by  Annie  G.  Brown,  illus.  by  J.  C.  Leyen- 
decker,  $1.25.  — A  Fairy  Night's  Dream,  by  Katharine  E. 
Chapman,  illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  $1.  (Laird  &  Lee.) 
The  Scottish  Chiefs,  by  Jane  Porter,  illus.  by  T.  H.  Robinson, 
$2.50.  —  Lullaby  and  Cradle  Songs,  by  Adelaide  L.  J. 
Gossett,  illus.  in  colors,  $2.  — Types  of  British  Animals, 
by  F.  G.  Aflalo,  illus.  by  E.  Caldwell,  $2.  — Animals  of 
Africa,  by  H.  A.  Bryden,  illus.  by  E.  Caldwell,  $2.— 
Pictures  from  Bird  Land,  illus.  in  colors  by  M.  and  E. 
Detmold,  $2.  —The  Book  of  Shops,  verses  by  E.  V.  Lucas, 
illus.  in  colors  by  F.  D.  Bedford,  $2.50.  —  Babies  and 
Bambinis,  pictures  of  Italian  children,  in  colors,  by  Edith 
Farmiloe,  verses  by  E.  V.  Lucas,  $3.  —  Red  Jacket,  the 
Last  of  the  Senecas,  by  Col.  H.  R.  Gordon,  illus..  $1.50.— 
The  Lobster  Catchers,  a  story  of  the  coast  of  Maine,  illus., 
$1.50.— Charge,  a  story  of  the  Boer  War  of  1881,  by 
George  Manville  Fenn,  illus,,  $1.50.  —  Venture  and  Valour, 
stories  by  various  writers,  edited  by  G.  A.  Henty.  illus., 
$1.50.  — The  Children  of  the  Rectory,  by  L.  T.  Meade, 
illus.,  $1.50.  — England's  Hero  Prince,  a  story  of  the  Black 
Prince,  by  Gordon  Stables,  illus.,  $1.50.  — The  Odyssey 
for  Young  People,  illus.,  $1.50.  —  Odeyne's  Marriage,  by 
Evelyn  Everett  Green,  illns..  $1.50. —  In  Aelfred's  Days, 
a  tale  of  Saga  the  Dane,  by  Paul  Creswick,  illus.,  $1.50.  — 
Her  Next  Door  Neighbor,  by  M.S.  Comrie, illus.,  $1.25  — 
Brunoand  Bimba,  by  Evelyn  Everett  Green,  illus.,  $1.50. — 
Nancy's  Fancies,  by  E.  L.  Haverfield,  illus..  $1.25. — 
Dutton's  Holiday  Annual  for  1901,  illus.  in  colors,  etc., 
$1.25.  —  The  Sunday  Picture  Book,  a  book  of  Bible 
stories,  by  L.  L,  Weedon,  illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  $1.25. — 
Sunny  Days,  stories  by  various  writers,  illus.  in  colors,  etc., 
$1.25.  (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

The  House-Boat  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  or  Following  Fron- 
tenac,  by  Everett  T.  Tomlinson,  illus.,  $1.50. —  True  to 
Himself,  or  Roger  Strong's  Struggle  for  Place,  by  Edward 
Stratemeyer,  illus.,  $1. —  Between  Boer  and  Briton,  by 
Edward  Stratemeyer,  illus.,  $1.25.— Aguinaldo's  Hostage, 
or  Dick  Carson's  Captivity  among  the  Filipinos,  by 
H.  Irving  Hancock,  illus.,  $1.25.  — In  the  Days  of  Alfred 
the  Great,  by  Eva  March  Tappan,  Ph.D.,  illus.,  $1.— 
Rival  Boy  Sportsmen,  by  W.  Gordon  Parker,  illus.,  $1.25. 

—  The  Little  Dreamer's  Adventure,  a  story  of  droll  days 
and  droll  doings,  by  Frank  Samuel  Child,  illus.,  $1.25.  — 
Two  Little  Street  Singers,  by  Nora  A.  M.  Roe,  illus.,  $1. 

—  Almost  as  Good  as  a  Boy,  by  Amanda  M.  Douglas, 
illus.,  $1.25. — Randy's  Summer,  a  story  for  girls,  by  Amy 
Brooks,  illus.,  $1.  — Jimmy,  Lucy,  and  All,  by  Sophie 
May,  illus.,  75  cts.  —  Boy  Donald,  by  Penn  Shirley,  illus., 
75  cts.     (Lee  &  Shepard.) 

With  Washington  in  Braddock's  Campaign,  by  Edward 
Robbins,  illus.,  $1.25.  — The  Girls  of  Bonnie  Castle,  by 
Izola  L.  Forrester,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Callias,  a  tale  of  the  fall 
of  Athens,  by  Alfred  J.  Church,  $1.25.  —A  Plucky  Girl, 
by  Laura  T.  Meade,  illus.,  $1.25.  —A  Roman  Maiden,  by 
Emma  Marshall,  illus.,  $1.  —  Dimple  Dallas,  or  The 
Further  Fortunes  of  a  Sweet  Little  Maid,  by  Amy  E. 
Blanchard,  $1.  — A  Life  of  St.  John  for  the  Young,  by 
George  L.  Weed,  illus.,  75  cts. —Mabel's  Mishap,  by 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


239 


Amy  E.  Blanchard,  50  cts.  —  Fanny  and  her  Friends,  by 
Emma  Marshall,  50  cts. — Marjorie's  Doings,  by  Mrs. 
Geo.  A.  Paull,  50  cts.  —  Tommy's  Adventures,  by  Emily 
Paret  Atwater,  50  cts.  —  Phil  Fuzzytop,  or  With  the 
Dream  Maker,  by  John  Habberton,  new  edition,  50  cts. 
(George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.) 

Uncle  Bart,  the  tale  of  a  tyrant,  by  G.  Manville  Fenn,  illus., 
$2. —The  Shadow  of  the  Cliff,  by  Catherine  E.  Mallan- 
daine,  illus.,  $1.25. — Lone  Star  Blockhouse,  by  F.  B. 
Forrester,  illus.,  $1 .25.— Over  the  Garden  Gate,  by  Alice  F. 
Jackson,  illus.,  $1.  —  Leila's  Quest,  and  what  came  of  it, 
by  Emma  Leslie,  illus.,  $1. — A  Door  of  Hope,  a  tale  of 
the  Danish  invasion  in  the  reign  of  King  Alfred,  by  Annie 
L.  Gee,  illus.,  80  cts.  —  Fiddlesticks,  rhymes  and  jingles, 
by  Hilda  Cowham,  illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  $1.  — Sunday  for 
1901,  illus.  $1.25.  — The  Midget  Series,  comprising:  The 
Enchanted  Doll,  by  Mark  Lemon,  illus.  by  Richard  Doyle  ; 
The  Story  without  an  End,  by  Friedrich  W.  Carove,  told 
in  English  by  Sarah  Austin,  illus.;  Favourite  Fables  for 
Tiny  Tots,  illus.  by  A.  S.  Wilkinson  ;  Songs  of  Innocence, 
by  William  Blake,  illus. ;  The  Seven  Champions  of  Christ- 
endom, illus.  by  A.  G.  Walker;  each  50  cts.  (E.  &  J.  B. 
Young  &  Co. ) 

Earning  her  Way,  by  Mrs.  Clarke  Johnson,  illus.,  $1.25. — A 
Maid  at  King  Alfred's  Court,  by  Lucy  Foster  Madison, 
illus.,  $1.25.  —  The  Boer  Boy  of  the  Transvaal,  by  Kate 
Milner  Rabb,  illus.,  $1.25. —The  Young  Financier,  by 
W.  0.  Stoddard,  illus.,  $1.25.  — Exiled  to  Siberia,  by 
William  Murray  Graydon,  illns.,  $1.25.  —  The  Story  of 
King  Arthur,  by  Dr.  Edward  Brooks,  illus.,  $1.25.  — The 
Walcott  Twins,  by  Lucile  Lovell,  illus.,  $1.  —  His  Lord- 
ship's Puppy,  by  Theodora  C.  Elmslie,  illus.,  $1.  —  Bock- 
ers,  by  Margaret  Compton,  illus., $1.  (Penn  Publishing  Co.) 

The  Treasury  Club,  illustrating  how  important  a  factor  is 
money  in  our  national  life,  by  William  Drysdale,  illus., 
$1.50.  —  A  Daughter  of  Freedom,  a  story  of  the  latter 
period  of  the  War  for  Independence,  by  Amy  E.  Blanchard, 
illus.,  $1.50.  — The  Godson  of  LaFayette,  by  Elbridge  S. 
Brooks,  illus.,  $1.50.  — Reels  and  Spindles,  a  story  of  mill 
life,  by  Evelyn  Raymond,  illus.,  $1.50.  — With  Preble  at 
Tripoli,  a  story  of  "Old  Ironsides"  and  the  Tripolitan 
War,  by  James  Otis,  illus.,  $1.50. — The  Prairie  Schooner, 
a  story  of  the  Black  Hawk  War,  by  William  E.  Barton, 
illus.,  $1.50. — The  Pathfinders  of  the  Revolution,  by 
William  E.  Griffis,  illus.,  $1.50.  (W.  A.  Wilde  Co.) 

Helps  for  Ambitious  Girls,  by  William  Drysdale,  with  por- 
traits, $1.51).  —  Aunt  Hannah  and  Seth,  by  James  Otis, 
illus.,  50  cts. — The  Christmas-Tree  Scholar,  a  book  of 
days,  by  Frances  Bent  Dillingham,  illus.,  50  cts  —  Divided 
Skates,  by  Evelyn  Raymond,  illus.,  50  cts.  —  Half  a  Dozen 
Thinking  Caps,  by  Mary  Leonard,  illus.,  50  cts.  —  The 
Play  Lady,  by  Ella  Farman  Pratt,  illus.,  50  cts.  — Play- 
ground Toni,  by  Anna  Chapin  Ray,  illus.,  50  cts.  — Good 
Manners  and  Success,  by  Orison  Swett  Marden,  35  cts. 
(T.  Y.  Crowell&Co.) 

The  Cruise  of  the  Pretty  Polly,  by  W.  Clark  Russell,  illus,, 
$1.50.— Her  Very  Best,  by  Amy  E.  Blanchard,  illus., 
$1.25.  — Three  Witches,  by  Mrs.  Molesworth,  $1.50.— 
Conspirators  at  School,  by  Andrew  Home,  $1.25.  —  Miss 
Nonentity,  by  Miss  L.  T.  Meade,  $1.50.  —  Cherriwink,  a 
fairy  story,  by  Rachel  Penn.,  illus.,  $1.50.  (J.  B.  Lippin- 
cott  Co.) 

In  Defense  of  the  Flag,  a  boy's  adventures  in  Spain  and  Cuba, 
by  Elbridge  S.  Brooks,  illus.,  $1.25.  — Under  the  Allied 
Flags,  by  Elbridge  S.  Brooks,  illus.,  $1.25.  (Lothrop 
Publishing  Co.) 

Birds  for  Children,  by  Richard  Kearton,  illus.  from  photo- 
graphs by  the  author,  $1.50. — Sisters  Three,  by  Jessie 
Mansergh,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  A  Girl  without  Ambition,  by 
Isabel  Stuart  Robson,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  The  Home  of  Santa 
Claus,  by  George  A.  Best,  illus.,  $1.50.  — Half  Hours  in 
Japan,  by  Herbert  Moore,  illus.,  $1.  —  Bo-Peep  for  1900. 
a  treasure  for  the  little  ones,  illns.,  $1.  —  Peter  Piper's 
Peep  Show,  by  S.  H.  Hammer,  illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  75  cts. 
—  Jungle  School,  by  S.  H.  Hammer,  illus.  in  colors,  etc., 
75  cts.  —  Tiny  Tots,  illus.,  50  cts.  (Cassell  &  Co.) 

Chinese  Mother  Goose  Rhymes,  trans,  and  illus.  by  Prof.  Isaac 
Taylor  Headland,  $1.25.— The  Staincliffe  Series,  com- 
prising The  Fall  of  the  Staincliffes,  by  Alfred  Colbeck ; 
How  Peter's  Pound  became  a  Penny,  by  E.  C.  Bowen ; 
How  Paul's  Penny  became  a  Pound,  by  E.  C.  Bowen ; 
The  Robber's  Cave,  by  A.  L.  O.  E.;  A  Missionary  Penny 
and  How  It  Bought  a  Baby,  by  L.  C.  W.;  Sunday  Talks 
to  the  Young,  by  Josiah  Mee ;  each  illus.,  35  cts.,  per  set 
$2.  —  Little  Folks'  Bible  Tales,  12  vols.,  illus.,  each  20  cts. 
(F.  H.  RevellCo.) 


Tales  of  the  Heroic  Ages,  by  Zena'ide  A.  Ragozin,  Vol.  III., 
Salammbo,  the  Maid  of  Carthage,  illus.,  $1.50.  (G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sous.) 

An  Animal  Alphabet  Book,  30  designs,  by  Sara  W.  M.  Fal- 
lon,  $1.  — Strange  Adventures  in  Dreamland,  a  collection 
of  original  stories,  by  Rev.  W.  H.  Pott,  Ph.D.,  illus.  in 
color,  $1. — Soap  Bubble  Stories,  by  Fanny  Barry,  illus. 
by  Palmer  Cox  and  others,  75  cts.  (James  Pott  &  Co.) 

Grimm's  Fairy  Tales,  complete  edition,  trans,  by  Beatrice 
Marshall,  illus.  by  Henry  Austin,  $1.50. — Miss  Bobbie, 
by  Ethel  S.  Turner  (Mrs.  H.  R.  Curlewis),  illus.,  $1.25.— 
The  Giant  Crab,  tales  from  old  India,  by  W.  H.  D.  Rouse, 
illus.  by  W.  Robinson,  $1.25.  —  Captain  Library,  works 
by  standard  authors,  33  vols.,  each  illus.,  $1.  —  Cozy  Cor- 
ner series  of  large-type  picture  books,  48  vols.,  each  25  eta. 
(New  Amsterdam  Book  Co.) 

Discontented  Susan,  by  Florence  Leigh,  illus.  in  colors  by  the 
author,  $1.25.  — The  Gimcrack  Jingle  Alphabet,  by  Ingles 
Rhode,  illus.  in  colors  by  the  author,  $1.50.  (Brentano's. ) 

The  Bandit  Mouse,  and  other  tales,  by  W.  A.  Frisbie  and 
Bart,  illus.  in  colors,  $1.25. — The  Water  Babies,  by  Charles 
Kingsley,  illus.,  $1.25.  (Rand,  McNally  &  Co.) 

Jed,  the  Poorhouse  Boy,  by  Horatio  Alger,  Jr.,  illus.,  $1.  — 
Carl,  the  Trailer,  by  Harry  Castlemon,  illus.,  $1.  —  Blaz- 
ing Arrow,  a  tale  of  the  early  history  of  the  Middle  West, 
by  Edward  S.  Ellis,  illus.,  $1.  (Henry  T.  Coates  &  Co.) 

A  Child  of  the  Sun,  by  Charles  Eugene  Banks,  illus.  by  Louis 
Betts,  $1.50.  (H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.) 

The  Grim  House,  by  Mrs.  Molesworth,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Day 
Dreams  in  Earnest,  or  The  Making  of  a  Missionary,  by 
Charlotte  M.  Yonge,  $1.  — Two  Boys  and  a  Fire,  by  Ed- 
ward A.  Rand,  75  cts. — Stories  from  English  History,  by 
Mrs.  Frederick  Boaz,  75  cts.  (Thomas  Whittaker.) 

Chinatown  Stories,  by  Marjorie  R.  Johnson,  illus.  in  colors 
by  Amy  B.  Johnson,  $2.  —  Tiny  Tunes  for  Tiny  People, 
music  by  Addison  F.  Andrews,  words  by  Albert  Bigelow 
Paine  and  others,  illus.,  $1.50.  —  Alice's  Adventures  in 
Pictureland,  by  Florence  A.  Evans,  illus.  by  Albertine 
Randall  Wheelan,  $1.50.  ( Dodge  Publishing  Co. ) 

Young  Kentuckians  Series,  new  vol.:  Battling  for  Atlanta, 
by  Byron  A.  Dunn,  illus.,  $1.25.  (A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.) 

On  War's  Red  Tide,  by  Gordon  Stables,  M.D.,  illus.,  $1.50. 
—  Jack's  Carrier  Pigeons,  a  tale  of  the  time  of  Father 
Taylor's  Mariners'  Home,  by  Hezekiali  Bntterworth, 
illus.,  $1.25.  —  Fifer  Boy  of  the  Boston  Siege,  by  E.  A. 
Rand,  illus.,  $1.25.  (A.  I.  Bradley  &  Co.) 


ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FAL.L,  BOOKS. 

The  Fall  announcements  of  the  publishers  named 
below  were  received  too  late  for  inclusion  in  the  regular 
classified  list  contained  in  our  last  issue. 

E.  P.  BUTTON  &  Co. 

Dutch  Painters  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,  edited  by  Max 
Rooses,  trans,  by  F.  Knowles,  illns.  with  etchings  and 
photogravures.  $15.  —  Burma,  by  Max  and  Bertha  Ferrars, 
illus.,  $15.  —  Henry  Hart  Milman,  D.D.,  late  Dean  of  St. 
Paul's,  a  biographical  sketch,  with  selections  from  his 
correspondence,  .by  his  son,  Arthur  Milman,  with  portraits, 
$5.—  A  Book  of  Bachelors,  by  Arthur  W.  Fox,  illus.,  $5.  — 
The  Life  of  Dante,  by  the  late  E.  H.  Plumtre,  D.D..  edited 
by  A.  J.  Butler,  with  frontispiece,  $1.25.  — Fifty  Years  of 
the  History  of  the  Republic  in  South  Africa  (1795-1845), 
byj.  C.  Voigt,  M.D.,  2  vols.,  $10.— Leading  Points  in 
South  African  History,  by  E.  A.  Pratt,  $3.  —  Meditations 
of  Marcus  Aurelius,  trans,  from  the  original  Greek  by 
Meric  Cassaobon,  edited  by  W.  H.  D.  Rouse,  illns.  in 
photogravure,  $3.  —  A  Treasury  of  Canadian  Verse,  selec- 
ted and  edited  by  Theodore  H.  Rand,  D.C.L.,  $2.— 
Church  Problems,  a  view  of  modern  anglicanism,  by 
various  authors,  edited  by  R.  H.  Hensley  Henson,  $6.  — 
A  Popular  History  of  the  Church  of  England,  by  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Ripon,  $2.50.  — The  History  of  the  Melanesian 
Mission,  by  Mrs.  E.  S.  Armstrong,  illus.,  $2.50.  —  Roman- 
tic Edinburgh,  by  John  Geddie,  illus.,  $2.50.  — A  439,  the 
autobiography  of  a  piano,  by  25  musical  scribes,  $1.50. — 
Snnningwell,  by  F.  Ware  Cornish,  $1.50. — A  Garner  of 
Saints,  a  collection  of  the  legends  and  emblems  usually 
represented  in  art,  by  Allen  Hinds,  M.A.,  illus.,  $1.25. — 
Lighter  Moments  from  the  Notebook  of  Bishop  Walsham 
How,  edited  by  F.  D.  How,  $1. 


240 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


SILVER,  BURDETT  &  Co. 

Outlines  in  Nature  Study  and  History,  by  Annie  Q.  Engell.  — 
Poets  and  Poetry  of  Indiana,  compiled  and  edited  by 
Benjamin  S.  Parker  and  E.  B.  Heiney,  with  portraits. — 
Business  Law,  a  text  book  for  schools,  by  Thomas  R. 
White,  B.L.,  with  introduction  by  Roland  P.  Falkner, 
Ph.  D.  —  Preachers  and  Preaching,  lectures  delivered  be- 
fore the  Maine  Ministers'  Institute,  Lewiston. —  An  Out- 
line of  New  Testament  Theology,  by  David  Foster  Estes, 
D.D.  —  An  Elementary  Experimental  Chemistry,  by  J.  B. 
Ekeley,  A.M.  —  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Economics, 
by  Prof.  C.  J.  Bullock,  Ph.  D.,  revised  and  enlarged 
edition.  —  Masters  of  our  Literature,  a  biographical  reader, 
by  Beatrice  H.  Slaight,  Ph.D.  — Systematic  Methodology, 
by  Andrew  T.  Smith,  Ph.D.  —The  World  and  Its  People, 
Book  X.,  The  South  American  Republics,  by  W.  Fisher 
Markwick  and  William  A.  Smith,  illus. — Bird  Day,  How 
to  Prepare  for  It,  by  Charles  A.  Babcock. — Springtime 
Flowers,  by  Mae  Ruth  Norcross,  illus.  —  Silver  Series  of 
Modern  Language  Text-books,  edited  by  Adolphe  Cohn, 
LL.B.,  9  vols.  in  preparation.  — Silver  Series  of  English 
Classics,  edited  by  Alexander  S.  Twombly  and  others,  9 
new  vols.  in  preparation. 
UNITED  SOCIETY  OF  CHRISTIAN  ENDEAVOR. 

Lincoln  at  Work,  by  Col.  William  O.  Stoddard,  illus.,  Si.— 
From  Life  to  Life,  by  Rev.  J.  Wilbur  Chapman,  D.D., 
$1.  —  How  to  Play,  How  to  Study,  and  How  to  Work,  by 
Amos  R.  Wells,  each  75  cts.  —  The  Bible  Marksman,  by 
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by  Rev.  F.  E.  Clark,  D.D.,  35  cts. 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

October,  1900. 

Alcohol,  Physiological  Effects  of.   W.  0.  Atwater.    Harper. 
Arctic  Highlanders,  The.     Walter  A.  Wyckoff.     Scribner. 
Atlantic  Union,  The.    Sir  Walter  Besant.    Forum. 
British  General  Election,  The.    Henry  W.  Lucy.    Forum. 
Bryan  and  the  Trusts.    F.  S.  Monnett.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Bryan  Policy  for  the  Philippines.  E.  M.  Shepard.  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Bryan's  Financial  Policy.     Review  of  Reviews. 
Campaign,  Paramount  Issues  of.    J.  P.  Dolliver.    Forum. 
China,  Future  of.    Charles  Denby.    Forum. 
China,  The  Crisis  in.    James  B.  Angell.    Atlantic. 
Chinese  Resentment,  The.     H.  H.  Lowry.    Harper. 
Coal  Supremacy  of  the  U.  S.    E.  S.  Meade.    Forum. 
Cuba,  Plea  for  the  Annexation  of.     "A  Cuban."    Forum. 
Cuba,  Why  It  Should  be  Independent.  C.  W.  Currier.  Forum. 
Democratic  Party,  Significance  of .  A.D.Morse.  International. 
Dixie,  Afloat  in.    Allan  Hendricks.    Lippincott. 
Education,  New,  Old-Fashioned  Doubts  About.    Atlantic. 
Farming,  Western,  Seven  Lean  Years  of.    Atlantic. 
First  Dynasty  Kings,  Finding.     H.  D.  Rawnsley.    Atlantic. 
Flowers  of  Fall.    Eben  E.  Rexford.    Lippincott. 
Froebel,  Friedrich,  Philosophy  of.    Rudolf  Eucken.    Forum. 
Geology,  Recent  Progress  in.    A.  C.  Lawson.   International. 
Golf  in  America,  Rise  of.    Prince  Collier.    Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Immigrants,  Our,  and  Ourselves.   Kate  Claghorn.    Atlantic. 
Italy,  The  New.    Salvatore  Cortesi.    International. 
Jamaica  as  Lesson  in  Colonial  Government.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Leiter,  Mary  Victoria.    Virginia  T.  Peacock.    Lippincott. 
Maize  Kitchen  at  Paris,  Lesson  of.    Forum. 
Martineau,  Some  Letters  of.    Atlantic. 
Menpes,  Mortimer.    Chalmers  Roberts.    Harper. 
Music,  The  Quest  after.    Mary  B.  Hinton.    Atlantic. 
Needlecraft,  American,  Plea  for.    Ada  Sterling.    Atlantic. 
Negro  Problem  in  the  South.     0.  W.  Underwood.     Forum. 
New  Zealand,  Recent  Events  in.    John  Christie.    Atlantic. 
Odors,  Autumnal.    Charles  C.  Abbott.    Lippincott. 
Party  Government,  Need  of.  George  F.  Hoar.  International. 
Piazza  Philosophy.    Martha  B.  Dunn.     Atlantic. 
Pretoria,  Last  Days  of.    Richard  H.  Davis.    Scribner. 
Puerto  Rico,  Education  in.    Victor  S.  Clark.     Forum. 


Ruskin  as  an  Art  Critic.    C.  H.  Moore.    Atlantic. 
Russell,  The  Late  Lord.     W.  T.  Stead.    Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Russia,  Expansion  of.     Alfred  Rambaud.    International. 
Russia,  The  Two  Capitols  of.    Henry  Norman.    Scribner. 
Sherman-Johnston  Convention,  The.    J.  D.  Cox.     Scribner. 
Slave-Trade,  Suppression  of  the.    J.  R.  Spears.     Scribner. 
Slaver,  Capture  of  a.    J.  Taylor  Wood.    Atlantic. 
Solferino,  Battle  of.    Stephen  Crane.    Lippincott. 
Stevenson,  Adlai  E.    James  S.  Ewing.     Review  of  Reviews. 
Sultan  of  Sulu,  Our  Agreement  with.    M.  Wilcox.    Forum. 
Thrums,  A  Harvest  Home  in.    M.  E.  L.  Addis.     Lippincott. 
Timber  Famine,  Is  It  Imminent?    Henry  Gannett.  Forum. 
Trade,  Preferential.    John  Charlton.     Forum. 
Trusts,  if  Bryan  is  Elected.  J.  L.  Laughlin.  Rev.  of  Reviews, 
Trusts,  New  Light  on.    C.  R.  Flint.     Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Voting  by  Mail.    Edward  Stanwood.    Atlantic. 
Waterways  of  America.    Alexander  H.  Ford.    Harper. 
Wei-Hai-Wei.    Poultney  Bigelow.    Harper. 
Worship,  Primitive  Objects  of.    L.  Marillier.    International. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  136  titles,  includes  book* 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 
Conversations  with  Prince  Bismarck.     Collected    by 

Heinrich  von  Poscbinger.    English  edition ;   edited    by 

Sidney  Whitman.     With  portrait,  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  299. 

Harper  &  Brothers.    $1.50. 
The  Rose  Garden  of  Persia.    By  Louisa  Stuart  Cpstello. 

New  edition;  with  decorations  in  colors,  16mo,  gilt  top, 

uncut,  pp.  196.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.     $2.50. 
A  New  Study  of  the  Sonnets  of  Shakespeare.    By 

Parke  Godwin.    12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  306.    G.  P.  Putnam's 

Sons.    $1.50. 
Gugliemo  Shakespeare:    II  Poeto  e  1'Uomp.    Federico 

Garlanda.  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  541.  Roma :  Societa  Ediricet 

Laziale.    Paper.    \ 
Essays  on  Nature  and  Culture.    By  Hamilton  Wright 

Mabie.    New  edition;  with  portrait,  24mo  gilt  top,  pp. 

326.    Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.     $1. 
Later  Love  Letters  of  a  Musician.  By  Myrtle  Reed, 

12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  165.      G.   P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

$1.75. 
The  Myths  and  Fables  of  To-Day.    By  Samuel  Adams 

Drake.    Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  268.    Lee  & 

Shepard.    $1.50. 
Curious  Questions  in  History,  Literature,  Art,  and  Social 

Life :  Designed  as  a  Manual  of  General  Information.   By 

Sarah  H.  Killikelly,  F.S.Sc.    In  3  vols.;  Vol.  III.    Illus., 

8vo,  pp.  398.    Philadelphia :  David  McKay.    $2. 
Po'  White  Trash,  and  Other  One- Act  Dramas.    By  Evelyn 

Greenleaf  Sutherland.    12mo,   gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  232. 

H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.     $1.25. 
Heaven's  Distant  Lamps:  Poems  of  Comfort  and  Hope. 

Arranged  by  Anna  E.  Mack.    12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  338.    Lee  &  Shepard.    $1.50. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 
The  Private  Memoirs  of  Madame  Roland.    Edited,  with 

an  Introduction,  by  Edward  Gilpin  Johnson.  Illus.,  12mo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  381.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  $1.50. 
Recollections  of  a  Missionary  in  the  Great  West.    By 

Rev.  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady.    With  portrait,  12mo,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  200.   Charles  Scribner 's  Sons.   $1.25. 
Napoleon  III.  at  the  Height  of  his  Power.    By  Imbert 

de  Saint-Amand  ;    trans,  by  Elizabeth  Gilbert  Martin. 

With  portraits,  12mo.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50. 
Lives  of  Great  Italians.  By  Frank  Horridge.  Illus.,  12mo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  472.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    $1.75. 
Tolstoi,  a  Man  of  Peace.     By  Alice  B.  Stockham,  M.D. 

Including  also,  The  New  Spirit,  by  H.  Havelock  Ellis. 

Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  140.   Chicago:  Alice  B. Stockham  &  Co. 

$1. 
Beacon  Biographies.    Edited  by  M.  A.  De  Wolfe  Howe. 

New  vols.:  Sam  Houston,    by  Sarah    Barnwell  Elliott; 

Stonewall  Jackson,  by  Carl  Hovey.    Each  with  portrait, 

24mo,  gilt  top,  uncut.    Small,  Maynard  &  Co.    Per  vol., 

75  cts. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


241 


Anne  Gilchrist  and  Walt  Whitman.  By  Elizabeth  Porter 
Gould.  With  portrait,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  89.  Philadel- 
phia: David  McKay.  $1. 

Viola  Olerich,  the  Famous  Baby  Scholar :  An  Illustrated 
Biography.  By  Prof.  Henry  Olerich.  12mo,  pp.  81. 
Laird  &  Lee.  60  cts. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

Works  of  George  Borrow.  Popular  edition,  edited  by 
William  I.  Knapp.  Comprising  :  Lavengro,  The  Romany 
Rye,  and  The  Bible  in  Spain.  Illus.  in  photogravure, 
etc.,  12mo,  gilt  tops.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  Per 
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Rabelais'  Gargantua  and  Pantagruel.  Trans,  into 
English  by  Sir  Thomas  Urquhart  and  Peter  Le  Motteux, 
annis  1653-1694.  With  Introductions  by  Charles  Whibley. 
Vol.  III.,  completing  the  work.  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  434. 
" Tudor  Translations."  London:  David  Nutt. 

A  Sentimental  Journey  through  France  and  Italy.  By 
Laurence  Sterne.  With  frontispiece.  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  213. 
"  Bookman  Classics."  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.50. 

The  History  of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
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Ned  Myers;  or,  A  Life  before  the  Mast.  By  James 
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Leaves  of  Grass.  By  Walt  Whitman.  Including  a  fac- 
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ural History  and  Antiquities  of  Selborne,  by  Gilbert 
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Novels  of  Emile  Gaboriau.  Comprising:  Monsieur Lecoq, 
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The  Letters  of  Cicero:  The  Whole  Extant  Correspond- 
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HISTORY. 

Side  Lights  on  the  Reign  of  Terror  :  Being  the  Memoirs 
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The  Annals  of  Mont  Blanc :  A  Monograph.  By  Charles 
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A  History  of  Greece.  By  Evelyn  Abbott,  M.A.  Part 
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Paul  of  Tarsus.  By  Robert  Bird.  8vo,  pp.  515.  Charles 
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242 


[Oct.  1, 


Buddha  and  Buddhism.  By  Arthur  Lillie.  12mo,  pp.  223. 
"World's  Epoch -Makers."  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

(flf-l     OK 
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Meditations  of  the  Heart :  A  Book  of  Private  Devotion 
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Gustav  Gottheil.  18mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  166.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
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SCIENCE  AND  NATURE. 

Methods  in  the  Art  of  Taxidermy.  By  Oliver  Davie ; 
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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


245 


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246  THE    DIAL,  [Oct.  l, 

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EDITION  l.SU«UvJvJ        WVSLMWO    AND  AMERICA 


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1900.]  THE    DIAL  247 


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248 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1,  1900. 


NEW    AND    STANDARD    BOOKS 


UP  IN  MAINE. 

Stories  of  Yankee   Life  Told 
in  Verse. 


HOLMAN    F.   DAY. 

"  The  Best  Yankee  Verse  since  the 
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THE  DOLLAR  OR 

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BY 

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VISITING  THE  SIN. 

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THE    MIDDLE     FIVE.     Indian  Boys  at  School. 
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COMFORT  AND 
EXERCISE. 

An  Essay  Toward  Normal 
Conduct. 

BY 

MARY  PERRY  KINQ. 

To  be  Published  October  1. 
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ment of  the  three-fold  nature  of 
mankind  —  spiritual,  mental,  and 
physical. 

Cloth,  7%x5%,  $1.00. 


TUSKEQEE. 

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BY 

MAX   BENNETT 
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WASHINGTON. 

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BARRIE'S  MASTERPIECE. 

"      TOMMY  AND  QRIZEL  - 

By  JAMES  M.  BARRIE,  author  of  "  Sentimental  Tommy,"  etc. 

Mr.  Barrie's  new  novel  has  been  accepted  everywhere  as  the  most  important  hook  which  he 

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Illustrated  by  Bernard  Partridge.     12mo,  $1.50. 

THE  OLD  GENTLEMAN  OF  THE  BLACK  STOCK 

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ISmo,  $1.50. 

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BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  "THE  SHIP  OF  STARS." 

OLD  FIRES  AND  PROFITABLE  GHOSTS 

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DOMESTIC  DRAMAS  By  PAUL  BOURGET 

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national  guardsman  who  volunteers  for  service  in  the  Philippines.  The  complications  which  follow  the 
report  of  his  death  involve  the  girl  to  whom  he  was  engaged  and  his  intimate  friend,  and  are  set  forth 
with  vivacity  and  interest. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,   NEW   YORK 


250 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


JUVENILES. 


Snow  -  white; 

Or,  The  House  in  the  Wood. 

By  LAURA  E.  RICHARDS.  A  new  volume  in  the  "  Cap- 
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The  Armed  Ship  America; 

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By  JAMES  OTIS.  The  third  volume  in  the  "  Privateers 
of  1812"  series.  Illustrated  with  eight  full-page 
half-tones,  from  drawings  by  J.  W.  Kennedy.  An 
exciting  and  extremely  interesting  account  of  the 
cruise  of  two  Salem  boys  on  the  ship  America,  on  her 
first  voyage  as  a  privateer.  Small  quarto,  appropriate 
cover  design $1.25 

Boston  Boys  of  1775; 

Or,  When  We  Besieged  Boston. 

By  JAMES  OTIS.  A  new  volume  in  the  "  Stories  of 
American  History  "  series.  Relates  the  adventures 
of  two  young  American  spies  during  the  occupation 
of  Boston  by  the  British  in  1775.  Illustrated  with 
seventeen  full-page  and  text  drawings  by  L.  J. 
Bridgman.  Small  quarto,  uniform  cover  .  75  cts. 

What  Did  the  Black  Cat  Do? 

By  MARGARET  JOHNSON.  A  clever  little  book  in  which 
very  young  readers  are  assisted  by  the  ingenious 
method  of  substituting  pictures  for  all  the  principal 
words  of  the  text.  Oblong  quarto,  cloth  .  75  cts. 

The  Boo=boo  Stories. 

By  GERTRUDE  SMITH,  author  of  the  "Arabella  and 
Araminta"  stories.  An  excellent  book  for  young 
children.  Illustrated  by  C.  F.  Relyea  and  Frank  T. 
Merrill.  Thin  octavo,  cloth  .  .  .  .  .  $1.00 

For  Tommy. 

By  LAURA  E.  RICHARDS,  author  of  "  Captain  January." 
A  series  of  interesting  and  entertaining  short  stories, 
the  title  of  the  volume  being  that  of  the  first  story. 
Tall  16mo,  cloth $1.00 

For  the  Liberty  of  Texas. 

By  Captain  RALPH  BONEHILL,  author  of  the  "  Flag  of 
Freedom "  series.  The  first  volume  in  a  series  of 
Mexican  war  stories,  being  an  interesting  and  in- 
structive account  of  the  adventures  of  Sam  Houston 
and  his  famous  Texans.  Eight  illustrations.  Small 
octavo,  attractive  cover  design  .  .  .  .  $1 . 25 


A  Tar  of  the  Old  School. 

By  F.  H.  COSTELLO,  author  of  "  On  Fighting  Decks  in 
1812,"  etc.  A  capital  historical  story  of  the  War 
of  1812  for  boys.  Small  12mo,  cloth  .  .  $1.50 

The  Pixie  and  Elaine  Stories. 

By  CARRIE  E.  MORRISON.  A  very  novel  and  enter- 
taining series  of  stories  for  children  which  originally 
appeared  in  the  Children's  Column  of  "  The  Ladies' 
Home  Journal."  With  thirty  illustrations  by  Regi- 
nald Birch  and  others.  Small  quarto,  cloth,  $1 . 25 

Rita. 

By  LAURA  E.  RICHARDS.  The  fourth  volume  in  the 
"  Three  Margarets  "  series.  Illustrated  by  Etheldred 
B.  Barry.  Cloth,  handsome  cover  design  .  $1.25 

The  Littlest  One  of  the  Browns. 

By  SOPHIE  SWETT.  With  many  full-page  illustrations  by 
Frank  T.  Merrill  and  others.  A  very  bright  and  enter- 
taining story  for  young  children.  1 G  mo,  cloth,  50  cts. 

The  Substitute  Quarter  -  back ; 

Or,  The  Quality  of  Mercy. 

By  EUSTACE  L.  WILLIAMS.  Illustrated  by  L.  J.  Bridg- 
man. An  earnest,  hearty,  and  wholesome  story  of 
school  life,  with  vivid  descriptions  of  exciting  foot- 
ball games  and  other  athletic  contests.  Square  12mo, 
cloth,  handsome  cover $1 . 25 

The  Animals  of  >Esop. 

As  pictured  by  J.  J.  MORA.  With  one  hundred  full- 
page  illustrations,  many  of  them  in  color.  Small 
quarto,  handsome  cover  design.  A  unique,  humorous 
version  of  -^Esop's  Fables,  written  in  an  up-to-date 
manner,  for  boys  and  girls,  and  illustrated  with  fan- 
ciful and  irresistibly  funny  pictures.  .  .  $1 . 50 

Traveler  Tales  of  South  Africa. 

By  HEZEKIAH  BUTTERWORTH,  author  of  the  "  Zigzag  " 
series.  An  excellent  collection  of  folk-lore  stories, 
traditions,  and  legends  of  South  Africa,  illustrated 
with  many  attractive  drawings.  Octavo,  cloth,  $1.50 

Fighting  for  the  Empire. 

By  JAMES  OTIS,  author  of  "  The  Boys  of  '98,"  etc.  A 
splendid  history  of  the  South  African  War,  told  in 
the  most  interesting  manner.  Thoroughly  illustrated 
by  Frank  T.  Merrill  and  other  well-known  artists. 
Octavo,  cloth,  handsome  cover  design  .  .  $1.50 

Ned,  Son  of  Webb  :  What  He  Did. 

By  WILLIAM  O.  STODDARD,  author  of  "  Crowded  Out 
o'  Crofield,"  "  Despatch  Boat  of  the  Whistle,"  etc. 
Eight  illustrations.  A  vividly  interesting  and  in- 
structive tale,  in  which  the  author  transports  a  bright 
Yankee  boy  of  to-day  back  to  that  momentous  period 
in  old-world  history  when  Saxon  England  was  in- 
vaded at  the  same  time  by  the  fierce  Vikings  from 
the  North  and  the  warlike  Normans  from  the  East. 
12mo,  cloth,  handsome  cover  design  .  .  $1 . 50 


For  sale  by  Booksellers  generally,  or  sent  by  mail,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price.    A  Complete  Descriptive  List  mailed  free  on  application 

DANA   ESTES  &   COMPANY,   PUBLISHERS,   BOSTON 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


251 


NEW  FALL  AND  HOLIDAY  BOOKS 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

HERMAN  MELVILLE'S  FAMOUS  SEA  STORIES. 

Moby  Dick; 

Or,  The  White  Whale. 

Illustrated  by  A.  BURNHAM  SHUTE.  This  volume  con- 
tains an  immense  amount  of  information  concerning 
the  habits  of  a  whale  and  its  method  of  capture.  The 
chapter  entitled  "  Stub  Kills  a  Whale  "  ranks  with 
the  choicest  examples  of  descriptive  literature. 
12mo,  cloth,  attractive  cover  design  .  .  $1.25 

Typee. 

A  Real  Romance  of  the  South  Seas,  illustrated  by  A. 
BURNHAM  SHUTE.  With  biographical  and  critical 
introduction  by  ARTHUR  STEDMAN.  An  intensely 
interesting  story  of  actual  adventures  in  the  South 
Seas.  12mo,  cloth,  attractive  cover  design,  $1.25 

Omoo. 

A  Narrative  of  Adventures  in  the  South  Seas;  a  sequel 
to  "  Typee."  Illustrated  by  A.  BURNHAM  SHUTE. 
An  extremely  interesting  description  of  the  adven- 
tures and  realistic  discomforts  of  a  Sydney  whaler 
in  the  early  forties.  12mo,  cloth,  attractive  cover 
$1.25 


White  Jacket; 

Or,  The  World  on  a  Man  of  War. 

Illustrated  by  A.  BURNHAM  SHUTE.  This  book  has  no 
equal  as  a  picture  of  life  aboard  a  sailing  man-of-war. 
12mo,  cloth,  attractive  cover  design  .  .  $1.25 

Paris  in  its  Splendour. 

By  E.  A.  REYNOLDS-BALL,  author  of  "  The  City  of  the 
Caliphs."  A  historical  and  descriptive  work  on 
Paris,  ancient  and  modern.  It  also  contains  many 
chapters  on  the  International  Exposition  of  1900. 
The  volume  will  be  thoroughly  illustrated  with  over 
sixty  full-page  half-tone  plates,  including  many  of 
the  Exposition.  2  volumes,  small  octavo,  cloth, 

gilt  tops $5 . 00 

One-half  levant 10.00 

The  Paradise  of  the  Pacific. 

By  G.  WALDO  BROWNE,  author  of  "Two  American 
Boys  in  Hawaii,"  "The  Woodranger,"  etc.  An 
excellent  historical  and  descriptive  volume  on  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  illustrated  with  eighty  full-page 
half-tone  plates  from  the  best  obtainable  photographs 
of  the  country.  Small  12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  $1 . 50 

The  Pearl  of  the  Orient. 

By  G.  WALDO  BROWNE.  Uniform  with  "The  Para- 
dise of  the  Pacific."  An  historical  and  descriptive 
volume  on  our  new  possessions  —  the  Philippine 
Islands.  Illustrated  with  over  sixty  full-page  wood 
cuts  and  half-tone  plates  from  the  best  obtainable 
photographs  of  the  archipelago.  Small  12mo,  cloth, 
gilt  top $1.50 


GIFT  BOOKS. 
In  the  Sweetness  of  Childhood. 

Poems  of  Mother-love  and  Childhood,  selected  by 
GRACE  HARTSHORN,  compiler  of  "  For  Thee  Alone." 
An  excellent  compilation  of  the  best  poems  of  child- 
hood and  mother -love  in  the  English  language. 
Illustrated  with  sixteen  full-page  half-tones  from 
paintings  by  famous  artists.  One  volume,  small 
12mo,  handsome  cover  design,  gilt  top  .  .  $1 . 50 

Among  the  Birds; 

Or,  Selections  from  the  Poets  about  Birds. 

A  very  dainty  little  volume  of  poetry,  containing  six- 
teen handsome  full-page  colored  plates  of  well-known 
birds.  Printed  on  fine  all-rag  deckle-edge  paper, 

bound  in  cloth,  gilt  top 50  cts. 

In  full  leather  binding,  gilt  top     ....     75  cts. 

Among  the  Flowers; 

Or,  Selections  from  the  Poets  about  Flowers. 

Uniform  with  "Among  the  Birds."  A  dainty  little 
volume  of  poetry,  illustrated  with  sixteen  handsome 
full  -  page  colored  plates  of  well  -  known  flowers. 
Printed  on  fine  all-rag  deckle-edge  paper,  bound  in 

cloth,  gilt  top 50  cts. 

In  full  leather  binding,  gilt  top     ....     75  cts. 

Nature  Studies  from  Ruskin. 

Selected  by  ROSE  PORTER,  author  of  "  Summer  Drift- 
wood," "  Sweet  Charity,"  etc.  An  excellent  collec- 
tion of  essays  on  nature  from  Ruskin's  Works.  12mo, 
cloth,  attractive  cover  design $1 . 50 

Among  the  Great  Masters  of 
Literature ; 

Or,  Scenes  from  the  Lives  of  Famous  Authors. 

Illustrated  with  thirty-two  half-tone  reproductions  of 
famous  paintings  of  scenes  in  the  lives  of  great 
authors.  Descriptive  and  biographical  text  by 
WALTER  ROWLANDS,  editor  of  "American  Art," 
"  American  Painter  Etchings,"  etc.  Printed  on 
Dickinson  all-rag  laid  deckle-edge  paper.  Small 
12mo,  cloth,  handsome  cover  design,  gilt  top. 

Boxed $1.50 

Same.     Three-quarters  morocco,  gilt  top     .        3.00 

Among  the  Great  Masters 
of  Music; 

Or,  Scenes  from  the  Lives  of  Great  Musicians. 

Uniform  with  the  above  volume,  and  containing  thirty- 
two  illustrations  from  scenes  in  the  lives  of  great 
musicians.  Descriptive  and  biographical  text  by 
WALTER  ROWLANDS.  Printed  on  Dickinson  all-rag 
laid  deckle-edge  paper.  Small  12mo,  cloth,  gilt 
top,  handsome  cover  design.  Boxed  .  .  $1 . 50 
Same.  Three-quarters  morocco,  gilt  top  .  3 . 00 
The  above  two  volumes  in  one  box  .  .  .  3.00 


For  sale  by  Booktellert  generally,  or  tent  by  mail,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price.    A  Complete  Descriptive  Lift  mailed  free  on  application. 

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252 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


A  CENTURY  OF  AMERICAN  DIPLOMACY 

Being  a  Brief  Review  of  the  Foreign  Relations  of  the  United  States,  1776-1876.     By  JOHN 
W.  FOSTER,  former  Secretary  of  State  for  the  United  States.     8vo,  $3.50. 
Mr.  Foster  is  exceptionally  qualified  to  write  a  diplomatic  history  of  the  United  States.     He  has  been  longer 
jn  the  American  diplomatic  service  than  any  other  man  except  John  Quincy  Adams.     He  has  served  as  United 
States  Minister  in  Mexico,  Russia,  and  Spain  ;  has  been  special  Plenipotentiary  to  Great  Britain,  Germany,  San 
Domingo,  China,  and  Japan  ;  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  most  important  high  commissions  sitting  in  this 
country  for  many  years.     His  book  is  one  of  great  value,  is  enlivened  by  many  personal  sketches,  and  is  written 
in  a  popular  style. 


THE  LAST  REFUGE 

A  Sicilian  Romance.     By  HENRY  B.  FULLER,  author 
of    "From   the   Other   Side,"    "The    Chevalier  of 
Pensieri-Vani,"  etc.     12mo,  $1.50. 
The  hero,  finding  his  zest  in  life  diminishing,  seeks  to 
regain  it  by  visiting  Rome,  seeing  its  splendors,  mingling  in 
its  social  pleasures ;  he  goes  to  country  games,  and  beauti- 
ful scenes,  —  but  none  of  these  satisfy  him.     He  learns  of  a 
city  where  there  is  great  need  and  opnortunity  for  service. 
In  this  he  discovers  Duty  and  finds  a  Refuge.    The  story  is 
told  with  great  charm  of  style,  and  promises  to  be  one  of  the 
more  notable  novels  of  the  season. 

A  WHITE  GUARD  TO  SATAN 

By  Miss  A.  M.  EWELL.  16mo,  $1.25. 
An  interesting  historical  novel  relating  to  Bacon's  Rebel- 
lion in  Virginia  in  1676,  an  episode  that  offers  a  subject  for 
a  very  spirited  story.  The  incident  which  gives  the  title  was 
highly  dramatic,  placing  the  wives  and  children  of  the  attack- 
ing force  in  front,  thus  making  them,  as  one  of  the  leaders 
said,  "a  guard  to  Satan." 

RUSSIA  AND  THE  RUSSIANS 

By  EDMUND  NOBLE,  author  of  "  The  Russian  Revolt." 

12mo,  $1.50. 

A  concise  but  comprehensive  work,  bringing  into  promi- 
nence the  course  and  controlling  processes  of  Russian  develop- 
ment, and  presenting  in  clear  style  the  story  of  Russia  and 
the  Russian  people.  The  important  episodes  of  Russian  his- 
tory are  emphasized,  and  the  book  represents  the  deep  inter- 
est which  Americans  take  in  the  future  of  Russia. 

SQUIRRELS  AND  OTHER 
FUR-BEARERS 

By  John  BURROUGHS.  With  15  illustrations  in  colors 
after  Audubon,  and  a  frontispiece  from  life.  Square 
12mo,  $1.00. 

A  charming  book  on  squirrels,  the  chipmunk,  woodchuck, 
rabbit,  mnskrat,  skunk,  fox,  weasel,  mink,  raccoon,  porcu- 
pine, possum,  and  wild  mice.  Mr.  Burronghs's  observations 
on  these  are  exceedingly  interesting,  and  the  reproductions 
of  some  of  Audubon's  colored  plates  add  much  to  the  value 
and  attractiveness  of  the  book. 

THE  COMPLETE  POETICAL  WORKS  OF 
ELIZABETH  BARRETT  BROWNING 

Cambridge  Edition.  Edited  by  HARRIET  WATERS 
PRESTON.  With  a  Biographical  Sketch,  Notes,  In- 
dexes to  Titles  and  First  Lines,  a  Portrait  of  Mrs. 
Browning,  and  an  engraved  title-page  with  a  Vig- 
nette. Large  crown  8vo,  gilt  top,  $2.00. 


THE  HOUSE  BEHIND  THE 
CEDARS 

By  CHARLES  W.  CHESNUTT,  author  of  "  The  Conjure 
Woman,"  and  "  The  Wife  of  His  Youth."  Crown 
8vo,  $1.50. 

Like  Mr.  Chesnutt's  previous  books,  this  novel  is  a  story 
of  the  "Color  Line,"  snowing  how  difficult  —  if  not  impos- 
sible—  it  is  to  hide,  or  escape  the  heavy  penalty  of,  even  the 
slightest  heritage  of  negro  blood.  It  involves  romance,  very 
dramatic  incidents  and  revelations  of  character,  and  while 
its  literary  charm  will  attract  readers,  the  deep  significance 
and  tragedy  of  the  story  will  stir  a  feeling  far  profounder 
than  mere  interest. 

THE  PRODIGAL 

By  MARY  HALLOCK  FOOTE,  author  of  "  Cceur  d'Alene," 
"The  Led-Horse  Claim,"  etc.  Illustrated  by  the 
author.  12mo,  $1.25. 

The  "  Prodigal"  is  a  spendthrift  young  Ancklander  who 
drifts  to  San  Francisco,  and  hunts  up  his  wealthy  father's 
agents.  They  give  him  a  very  meagre  allowance  and  compel 
him  to  call  daily  for  it.  He  does  not  enjoy  his  discipline, 
but  meets  a  school-teacher  who  is  a  very  nice  girl,  and  the 
future  clears  soon  and  permanently. 

THROUGH  OLD-ROSE  GLASSES 

By  MARY  TRACY  EARLE.  12mo,  $1.50. 
Eight  stories,  mainly  Southern  in  scenes  and  characters, 
several  of  them  having  a  slight  connecting  thread  of  locality 
and  persons.  The  stories  have  humor,  freshness,  and  a  style 
which  lends  to  them  a  distinct  charm  and  ought  to  make  the 
book  very  popular. 

THE  BOOK  OF  SAINTS  AND 
FRIENDLY  BEASTS 

BY  ABBIE  FARWELL  BROWN.     Illustrated.     Square 

12mo,  $1.25. 

A  book  of  attractive  stories  and  ballads  of  saints  who 
have  had  beasts  and  birds  for  attendants  or  helpers.  Ten 
Saints  are  embraced  in  the  book,  with  their  good  animal 
friends  —  the  lion,  wolf,  gulls,  cow,  goose,  robin,  camels,  fish, 
and  others.  The  book  is  capitally  written  for  children,  and 
has  several  good  pictures. 

NEW  CABINET  EDITIONS 

Of  the  Complete  Poetical  Works  of  ROBERT  BURKS, 
SIR  WALTER  SCOTT,  and  JOHN  KEATS.  Printed 
from  type  much  larger  than  that  of  the  previous 
Cabinet  Edition,  with  Indexes  to  Titles  and  First 
Lines,  and  fine  Portraits  framed  in  an  engraved 
border.  Bound  in  a  new  and  tasteful  style,  each 
16mo,  gilt  top,  $1.00. 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS,  OR  SENT  POSTPAID  BY 

HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN  &  COMPANY,  Publishers,  Boston 


1900.]  THE    DIAL.  253 


JUST  PUBLISHED. 

THE  WEIRD  ORIENT 

BY  HENRY  ILIOWIZI,  AUTHOR  OF  "!N  THE  PALE,"  ETC. 

Illustrated  by  a  photogravure  and  half-tones  from  drawings  by  W.  SHERMAN  POTTS  (Paris). 
Cloth,  gilt  top,  list  price,  $1.50. 

These  are  Eastern  Tales,  gathered  by  the  author  during  a  lengthy  residence  in  the 
Orient,  and  contain  some  new  and  striking  legends  that  have  never  before  found  their  way 
into  print.  Among  them  is  a  curious  and  very  ancient  version  of  the  legend  of  the  Wan- 
dering Jew,  from  Arabic  sources,  that  will  be  entirely  new  to  the  reader,  although  some 
slight  allusions  to  it  are  to  be  found  in  the  Koran. 

CONTENTS :  THE  DOOM  OF  AL  ZAMERI  —  SHEDDAD'S  PALACE  OF  IREM  —  THE  MYSTERY  OF  THE 
DAMAVANT  —  THE  GODS  IN  EXILE  —  KING  SOLOMON  AND  ASHMODAI  —  THE  FATE  OF  ARZEMIA  —  THE 
STUDENT  OF  TIMBUCTU  —  THE  CRCESUS  OF  YEMEN  —  A  NIGHT  BY  THE  DEAD  SEA. 

"  Rabbi  Iliowizi's  interesting  collection  of  mystic  legends  have  lost  nothing  in  the  way  they  have  been  set 
down,  and  will  be  found  equally  new  and  strange  even  to  students  of  such  literature." —  Times  (Philadelphia). 

FAITHS  OF  FAMOUS  MEN 

By  JOHN  KEN  YON  KILBOURN,  D.D. 

Large  crown  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  list  price $2.00 

This  important  work  comprises,  in  their  own  words,  the  religions  views  of  the  most  distinguished 
scientists,  statesmen,  philosophers,  rulers,  authors,  generals,  business  men,  liberal  thinkers,  leaders  of  re- 
ligious denominations,  etc.,  etc.  These  have  been  taken  from  published  works,  from  letters,  and  in  some 
few  instances  —  as  with  Ex- President  Cleveland,  who  personally  wrote  what  he  wished  included  ;  or  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Storrs,  who,  before  his  death,  selected  what  he  wished  to  represent  him  —  the  selections  have 
been  made  by  the  writers  themselves. 


From  IAN  MACLARKN  (John  Watson,  D.D.),  author  of 
"  Beside  the  Bonnie  Brier  Bush,"  etc. 
DEAR  DR.  KILBOURN  :  —  The  idea  of  your  book  seems 
to  me  excellent,  and  I  wish  it  all  success. 

Yours  faithfully, 

JOHN  WATSON. 


From  JOSIAH  STRONG,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  author  of  "Our 

Country,"  etc. 

MY  DEAR  DR.  KILBOURN  :  —  Your  hook  can  hardly 
fail  to  he  broadening,  informing,  and  quickening  —  not 
only  of  value  to  ministers,  but  of  interest  to  the  general 
public.  Yours  faithfully,  JOSIAH  STRONG. 


HEADY  IN  OCTOBER. 

AMERICA:  Picturesque  and  Descriptive 

By  JOEL  COOK,  Author  of  "  England :  Picturesque  and  Descriptive,"  etc.  Illustrated  with  Seventy- 
five  Photogravures  from  Original  Negatives. 
3  vols.,  crown  8vo,  cloth,  full  gilt,  gilt  tops,  cloth  jackets,  in  cloth  box;  list  price       $  7  50 

Three-quarters  calf,  gilt  tops 15  00 

Edition  de  Luxe,  Limited  to  150  Copies        net     15  00 

"AMERICA:  Picturesque  and  Descriptive"  presents  in  an  interesting  form  such  a  knowledge  as 
the  busy  reader  would  be  pleased  to  have  in  one  comprehensive  view  of  the  history,  geography,  picturesque 
attractions,  productions,  peculiarities,  and  salient  features  of  this  great  country,  not  only  as  a  work  of  ref- 
erence and  a  work  of  art,  but  as  a  book  of  readable  interest  as  well.  Especial  care  has  been  taken  with 
the  photogravures  that  illustrate  it,  and  it  is  a  sumptuous  work  of  art  as  well  as  an  entertaining  and  valuable 
work  in  the  letter-press. 

PALESTINE:  The  Holy  Land 

By  JOHN  FULTON,  D.D. 
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Setm*i3fl0ntf)l2  Journal  of  ILfterarg  Criticism,  Uiscuggion,  ant)  Information. 


No.  34*.     OCTOBER  16,  1900.     Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


A  CENTURY  OF  AMERICAN  VERSE 


I'AQR 

.  257 


MEMOIRS    OF     AN     AMERICAN     HISTORIAN. 

E.G.J. 259 

A   GREAT    LADY  OF   NEW    ENGLAND.     Mary 
,       Augusta  Scott 261 

THREE     BOOKS     ABOUT      RUSKIN.       William 

Morton  Payne 264 

Mrs.  Meynell's  John  Raskin.  —  Spiel  Miami's  John 
Kuskin . —  De  La  Sizeranne's  Rnskin  and  the  Religion 
of  Beauty. 

THE  WORLD'S  WHEAT  PROBLEM.    E.  T.  Peters  266 

SOME  RECENT  BOOKS  OF  TRAVEL 267 

Cook's  Through  the  First  Antarctic  Night.  —  Miss 
Savory's  A  Sportswoman  in  India.  —  Wilcox's  The 
Rockies  of  Canada.  —  Osborn's  Greater  Canada. — 
Austin's  Spring  and  Autumn  in  Ireland.  —  Miss  Cad- 
dick's  A  White  Woman  in  Central  Africa.  —  Car- 
penter's South  America.  —  Fricker's  The  Antarctic 
Regions. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS .270 

Character  and  tendencies  of  world  politics.  —  A  doc- 
tor's discourse  on  Quackery.  —  Romance  and  history 
of  Old  Oregon.  —  More  of  the  conversations  of 
Bismarck.  —  An  Epic  Tragedy.  —  Humors  of  a  hard 
apostolate.  —  The  drama  and  theatre  of  Japan.  — 
The  problems  of  public  finance.  —  A  master  printer 
on  printing  types. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 272 

NOTES 273 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  273 


A    CENTURY   OF  AMERICAN    VERSE. 

Among  the  publications  of  the  present  year, 
including  those  that  have  already  seen  the  light 
and  those  promised  for  the  near  future,  there 
is  none  of  greater  importance  or  more  perma- 
nent value  to  the  readers  of  this  country  than 
the  "  American  Anthology  "  with  which  Mr. 
Stedman  has  crowned  his  quarter-century's 
work  for  the  appreciation  and  illustration  of 
the  English  poetry  of  our  modern  age.  In  the 
performance  of  that  work,  criticism  and  selec- 
tion have  gone  hand  in  hand,  and  the  insight 
which  has  produced  the  best  systematic  valua- 
tions of  our  nineteenth  century  verse  has  also 
provided  us  with  what  are  incomparably  the 
best  treasuries  into  which  the  finer  efflorescence 
of  that  verse  have  been  collected.  We  owe 


Mr.  Stedman  a  debt  of  deep  gratitude  for  his 
loyal  devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  poetry  of 
our  own  time,  and  for  the  painstaking  industry 
which,  having  previously  supplemented  the 
"  Victorian  Poets "  with  a  "  Victorian  An- 
thology," has  in  like  fashion  supplemented  the 
"  Poets  of  America  "  with  the  "  American  An- 
thology "  which  is  now,  after  much  vexatious 
delay,  placed  in  our  hands. 

In  this  portly  volume  of  close  upon  a  thou- 
sand pages  we  have  a  representation  of  the 
poetical  activity  of  the  national  period  of  our 
history,  beginning  with  the  lyrics  of  Freneau, 
and  ending  with  the  work  of  certain  of  our 
younger  men  —  graduates  of  the  last  few  years 

—  for  whom  a  single  line  constitutes  the  ap- 
pended biographical  note.     By  actual  count, 
the  number  of  writers  whose  work  receives 
illustration  is  five  hundred  and  seventy-one,  of 
all  degrees  of  majority  and  minority.     No  an- 
thologist can  hope  to  satisfy  all  of  his  critics, 
and  in  the  present  case  some  fifty  or  a  hun- 
dred additional  names  might  easily   be  sug- 
gested —  by  others  than  those  who  bear  them 

—  as  worthy  of  inclusion  ;  but  this  easy  sort 
of  fault-finding  is  no  part  of  our  purpose,  and 
we  are  quite  sure  that  no  other  hand  could 
have  performed  Mr.  Stedman's  task  with  equal 
skill,  sympathy,  and  nice  discernment,  that  no 
other  mind  could  have  been  found  so  richly 
stored    with   the   knowledge    of    the    subject 
requisite  for  the  making  of  such  a  collection. 
If  some  small  proportion  of  the  contents  seem 
undeserving  of  the  distinction  here  conferred 
we  shall  do  well  to  take  heed  of  the  editorial 
hint  that  "humble   bits,  low  in   color,  have 
values  of  juxtaposition,  and  often  bring  out  to 
full   advantage  his   more  striking  material." 
And  the  editor  forestalls  critics  of  the  carping 
type  by  himself   quoting   Nathaniel   Ward's 
couplet  —  which  might  else  be  quoted  against 
him  —  to  the  effect  that 

"  Poetry 's  a  gift  wherein  but  few  excel, 
He  doth  very  ill  that  doth  not  passing  well." 

After  much  hesitation  and  tentative  experi- 
ment, Mr.  Stedman  determined  upon  a  chrono- 
logical rather  than  a  classified  arrangement 
for  the  present  volume.  The  Victorian  poets 
"  crystallize  into  groups,  each  animated  by  a 
master,  or  made  distinct  by  the  fraternization 
of  poets  with  tastes  in  common."  The  poets 
of  America,  on  the  other  hand,  do  not  lend 


258 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


themselves  to  such  a  system  of  grouping,  ex- 
cept in  a  few  cases.  There  is,  no  doubt,  a  cer- 
tain unity  in  the  methods  and  the  endeavor  of 
the  academic  group  that  we  associate  with  the 
Cambridge  and  Concord  and  Boston  of  a  gen- 
eration ago,  and  something  of  the  same  sort 
may  be  claimed  for  the  poets  of  the  journalistic 
and  semi-Bohemian  group  that  we  associate 
with  the  New  York  of  the  corresponding  period. 
But  in  the  main,  our  poets  have  been  charac- 
terized by  individualism,  by  results  that  must 
doubtless  be  described  as  derivative,  but  that 
derive  from  the  general  English  tradition  rather 
than  from  any  strongly-marked  interactions  and 
obligations  to  special  leadership.  The  only 
satisfactory  order  of  arrangement  thus  appeared 
to  be  that  of  sequence  in  time. 

Mr.  Steel  man  finds  it  convenient  to  divide 
our  first  poetical  century  into  eight  sections. 
The  first  of  them  has  something  of  the  char- 
acter of  a  prologue,  and  includes  such  names 
as  Freneau,  Paulding,  Allston,  Wilde,  and 
Dana.  Then  follow  three  divisions,  of  about 
fifteen  years  each,  constituting  what  is  called 
the  "  First  Lyrical  Period."  In  the  first  of 
these  divisions  we  find  Halleck,  Drake,  Bryant, 
Sprague,  Percival,  and  Pinckney.  In  the  sec- 
ond we  find  Emerson,  Willis,  Hoffman,  Long- 
fellow, Whittier,  Poe,  and  Holmes.  In  the 
third  we  find  Lowell,  Whitman,  Parsons, 
Boker,  Taylor,  and  Stoddard.  Then  follows 
the  "  Second  Lyrical  Period,"  also  in  three 
divisions,  each  of  about  ten  years.  In  the  first 
we  find  Dr.  Mitchell,  Hayne,  Mrs.  Jackson,  Mr. 
Stedman,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Piatt,  Mrs.  Moulton, 
Mr.  Winter,  Mr.  Aldrich,  Mr.  Harte,  Sill,  Mr. 
Miller,  and  Lanier.  In  the  second  we  find  Mr. 
Gilder,  Miss  Thomas,  Miss  Lazarus,  Mr.  Van 
Dyke,  and  Mr.  R.  U.  Johnson.  In  the  third  we 
find  Mr.  Wood  berry,  Bunner,  Mrs.  Deland, 
Miss  Cone,  and  Miss  Guiney.  Finally,  we  have 
a  section  that  forms  a  sort  of  epilogue,  and  in- 
cludes many  names  of  our  most  recent  writers, 
among  them  being  Mr.  Robert  Cameron  Rog- 
ers, Miss  Sophie  Jewett,  Richard  Hovey,  Mr. 
Cawein,  Miss  Aldrich,  Mr.  E.  A.  Robinson, 
Miss  Josephine  Peabody,  and  Miss  Helen  Hay. 

It  is  evident  enough  that  the  poetical  show- 
ing of  our  first  century  has  little  significance 
from  the  cosmopolitan  point  of  view,  although, 
as  we  shall  urge  a  little  further  on,  it  has  much 
significance  for  us  as  a  nation.  Let  us  see  how 
it  compares  with  the  showing  of  the  mother- 
country.  The  twelve  greatest  English  poets 
of  the  same  period  are  Keats,  Shelley,  Byron, 
Wordsworth,  Coleridge,  Landor,  Tennyson, 


Browning,  Arnold,  Rossetti,  Morris,  and  Mr. 
Swinburne.  The  best  dozen  of  our  American 
poets  are  probably  Bryant,  Emerson,  Holmes, 
Longfellow,  Lowell,  Poe,  Whitman,  Whittier, 
Lanier,  Taylor,  Mr.  Aldrich,  and  Mr.  Sted- 
man. There  is  obviously  little  room  for  com- 
parison between  the  two  groups.  From  the 
standpoint  of  disinterested  criticism  it  is  hardly 
too  much  to  say  that  in  absolute  value  every 
one  of  the  English  group  outweighs  the  best 
of  the  Americans.  It  would  require  an  excess 
of  patriotic  zeal  to  dispute  a  conclusion  so 
obvious  to  the  impartial  observer.  But  with- 
out blinking  this  fact,  we  have  no  need  to  hide 
our  diminished  heads,  for  the  poets  of  America 
have  done  for  us  a  work  which  the  poets  of 
the  mother-country,  Shakespeare  and  all,  could 
not  have  done  for  us :  they  have  kept  the 
torch  of  our  national  idealism  aflame,  and  have 
touched  our  national  spirit  to  issues  as  fine  as 
any  that  have  engaged  the  consciousness  of  the 
peoples  of  the  Old  World.  To  do  these  things 
is  the  true  service  of  poetry,  and,  knowing  how 
well  our  own  poets  have  done  them  for  us,  we 
may  take  a  just  pride  in  their  achievements, 
caring  little  for  comparisons  which,  in  a  case 
like  this,  must  be  peculiarly  invidious. 

When  Mr.  Stedman  reached  the  conclusion 
"  that  if  a  native  anthology  must  yield  to  the 
foreign  one  in  wealth  of  choice  production,  it 
might  prove  to  be,  from  an  equally  vital  point 
of  view,  the  more  significant  of  the  two,"  he 
occupied  ground  that  was  less  paradoxical 
than  it  seemed.  The  significance  of  a  corpus 
of  national  song  rests  not  so  much  upon  its 
absolute  artistic  value  as  upon  its  power  to 
mould  the  ideals  of  a  people  by  giving  expres- 
sion to  those  higher  instincts  that  are  always 
groping  toward  the  light,  but  that  may  fail  of 
their  purpose  when  the  light  is  obscured. 
This  Republic  was  founded  upon  an  idealism 
finer  than  any  hitherto  known  in  the  modern 
world,  and  it  is  to  our  poets,  far  more  than  to 
our  so-called  practical  men,  that  we  owe  the 
perpetuation  of  that  idealism  in  our  hearts. 
It  is  their  teaching  that  has  inspired  us  to 
hope  in  our  darkest  hour;  it  is  a  belief  in  the 
potency  of  their  messages  that  still  rebukes 
our  wavering  faith  in  so  momentous  a  crisis 
of  our  national  life  as  that  which  we  confront 
in  this  closing  year  of  the  century. 

We  may  well  ask,  with  the  editor  of  the 
present  collection,  what  constitutes  the  real 
significance  of  the  poetry  of  any  nation.  Is  it 
"  the  essential  quality  of  its  material  as  poetry," 
or  is  it  "  its  quality  as  an  expression  and  in- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


259 


terpretation  of  the  time  itself  "  ?  Mr.  Stedman 
declares  for  the  latter  of  these  alternatives, 
and  urges  that  view  with  much  logical  force. 
"  Our  own  poetry  excels  as  a  recognizable  voice  in 
utterance  of  the  emotions  of  a  people.  The  storm  and 
stress  of  youth  have  been  upon  us,  and  the  nation  has 
not  lacked  its  lyric  cry;  meanwhile  the  typical  senti- 
ments of  piety,  domesticity,  freedom,  have  made  our 
less  impassioned  verse  at  least  sincere.  One  who  un- 
derrates the  significance  of  our  literature,  prose  or 
verse,  as  both  the  expression  and  the  stimulant  of 
national  feeling,  as  of  import  in  the  past  and  to  the 
future  of  America,  and  therefore  of  the  world,  is  de- 
ficient in  that  critical  insight  which  can  judge  even  of 
its  own  day  unwarped  by  personal  taste  or  deference 
to  public  impression.  He  shuts  his  eyes  to  the  fact 
that  at  times,  notably  throughout  the  years  resulting 
in  the  Civil  War,  this  literature  has  been  a  '  force.'  Its 
verse  until  the  dominance  of  prose  fiction  —  well  into 
the  seventies,  let  us  say  —  formed  the  staple  of  current 
reading  ;  and  fortunate  it  was  —  while  pirated  foreign 
writings,  sold  cheaply  everywhere,  handicapped  the 
evolution  of  a  native  prose  school — that  the  books  of  the 
'  elder  American  poets '  lay  on  the  centre-tables  of  our 
households,  and  were  read  with  zest  by  young  and  old." 

If  our  poets  have  not  been  great  poets  in 
the  world- sense,  they  have  accomplished  great 
things  for  our  spiritual  life,  and  our  feeling 
toward  them  is  of  gratitude  and  reverence 
commingled.  They  have  twined  themselves 
about  our  affections  as  no  others  could  have 
done,  and  have  become  associated  with  our 
fondest  recollections  and  our  deepest  aspira- 
tions. And  our  love  is  bestowed  not  only  upon 
our  Whittier  and  our  Holmes,  our  Emerson 
and  our  Lowell,  but  also  upon  those  of  our 
lesser  singers  who  have  touched  some  intimate 
chord  of  our  consciousness  and  awakened  the 
responsive  thrill.  Here  in  this  volume  are  five 
or  six  hundred  names,  and  who  shall  assert  that 
the  least  of  those  who  bear  them  has  not  contrib- 
uted something  of  value  to  the  general  store,  has 
not  proved  himself  worthy  of  his  race  and  help- 
ful of  its  spiritual  advancement  ?  What  their 
collective  endeavor  has  meant  to  us  as  a  nation 
is  beyond  the  power  of  words  to  testify.  But 
it  is  at  least  suggested  by  the  felicitous  lines  in 
which  Mr.  Stedman  himself  describes  his  vision 
of  "  the  constellated  matin  choir  "  that  "  sang 
together  in  the  dawn,"  and  tells  us  how  he 

"  Heard  their  stately  hymning,  saw  their  light 
Resolve  in  flame  that  evil  long  inwrought 
With  what  was  else  the  goodliest  domain 
Of  freedom  warded  by  the  ancient  sea." 

Those  to  whom  the  sweep  of  that  vision  has 
been  revealed  can  have  no  misgivings  concern- 
ing the  true  worth  of  American  poetry,  for 
their  feelings  are  merged  in  the  one  emotion 
of  swelling  pride  at  thought  of  their  share  in 
so  noble  a  national  inheritance. 


00ks. 


MEMOIRS  OF  AN  AMERICAN  HISTORIAN.* 

Reckoning  vividness  of  portraiture  to  be  the 
right  aim  of  biography,  we  must  consider  Mr. 
Farnham's  life  of  Francis  Parkman  a  wholly 
admirable  book.  We  have  not  for  some  time 
had  the  pleasure  of  examining  a  work  of  its 
class  which  so  honestly  and  interestingly  re- 
deems the  promise  of  its  title.  Not  for  one 
moment  throughout  his  360  or  so  pages  does 
the  author,  so  far  as  we  can  detect,  lose  sight 
of  the  real  business  in  hand,  and  go  straying 
off,  after  the  manner  of  so  many  biographers, 
into  some  lane  or  blind  alley  of  extraneous 
disquisition,  astride  of  a  hobby  of  his  own,  and 
quite  forgetful  of  Goethe's  admirable  saying 
about  holding  fast  to  one's  subject. 

At  the  outset  of  his  task,  Mr.  Farnham 
found  himself  confronted  by  a  sort  of  moral 
dilemma  arising  out  of  his  respect  for  Park- 
man's  extreme  reserve  and  his  own  conviction 
that  such  reserve  must  be  ignored  by  the  biog- 
rapher. It  is  not  unlikely  that  Parkman  him- 
self would  have  preferred  that  no  life  of  him 
at  all  should  be  written.  He  liked  retirement, 
and  scorned  display.  He  had,  to  put  it  mildly, 
no  great  respect  for  that  section  of  the  public 
which  rejoices  in  the  title  of  the  "  plain  people," 
and  which  has  fallen  heir  to  the  flattery  that 
place-hunting  politicians  used  to  bestow  upon 
kings  and  courtiers.  He  strongly  denied  that 
the  public  has  a  right  to  pry  into  the  private 
life  of  a  man  because  he  is  an  artist ;  and  in 
so  far  as  such  prying  is  prompted  by  vulgar 
curiosity,  or  the  hope  of  finding  something 
toothsome  in  the  way  of  scandal  or  "  unforeseen 
revelations,"  all  should  agree  with  him.  But, 
on  the  other  hand,  we  agree  with  Mr.  Farnham 
that  the  public  has  great  concern  with  and 
even  a  certain  right  of  expediency  to  pry  into 
such  facts  in  the  life  of  an  artist  and  such  ele- 
ments in  his  personal  character  and  conduct  as 
may  lead  to  a  better  understanding  of  his 
works.  The  matter  also,  as  well  as  the  style, 
is  in  some  degree  the  man.  It  reflects  the  pur- 
suits to  which,  on  the  whole,  his  tastes  have 
directed  him ;  it  is  tinged  by  the  prejudices 
born  of  his  experiences  and  condition  in  life. 
There  are  few  obscurities  of  allusion  or  pecu- 
liarities (let  us  add  perversities)  of  view  in  the 
printed  book  that  may  not  be  explained  by  the 

*LIFE  OF  FKANCIS  PABKMAN.  By  Charles  Haight  Farn- 
ham. With  photogravure  portraits.  Boston :  Little,  Brown, 
&Co. 


260 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


knowledge  of  some  incident  or  emergency  in 
the  life  of  the  writer.  Most  of  us  would  prob- 
ably be  shocked  to  find  how  little  pure  reason 
has  helped  us  to  what  we  call  our  convictions. 
Parkman,  no  more  than  any  other  author,  could 
elude  the  personal  equation  in  his  writings ; 
and  as  he  was  a  perfectly  frank  man,  and  in 
general  one  with  a  rather  unusually  strong 
conviction  that  his  own  ways  and  views  were 
the  right  ones,  that  equation  must  in  his  case, 
save  where  his  treatment  is  purely  pictorial  and 
objective,  as  it  often  is,  be  carefully  reckoned 
with.  His  personality  is  stamped,  clear-cut  and 
impressive,  on  his  work ;  and  thus,  while  there 
is  much  in  the  work  that  portrays  and  defines 
the  man,  the  work  may  be  far  more  justly  un- 
derstood and  keenly  enjoyed  through  such 
information  as  it  is  the  biographer's  province 
to  give. 

In  figuring  Parkman,  people  are  apt  to  think 
of  him  as  having  something  peculiarly  and 
essentially  American  in  his  make-up.  The  no- 
tion, no  doubt,  arises  from  associating  him  with 
the  themes  he  elected  to  treat  in  his  histories, 
and  the  enthusiasm  he  showed  for  them ;  and 
it  is  largely  true.  But  he  was  far  from  sharing 
some  of  the  beliefs  and  convictions  which  go  to 
the  root  of  what  is  commonly  called  "  Ameri- 
canism." He  was  a  contemptuous  disbeliever, 
for  instance,  in  the  democratic  principle  of 
equality.  He  wrote  of  it : 

"  Vaguely  and  half  unconsciously,  but  every  day  more 
and  more,  the  masses  hug  the  flattering  illusion  that 
one  man  is  essentially  about  as  good  as  another.  They 
will  not  deny  that  there  is  a  great  difference  in  the 
quality  of  horses  or  dogs,  but  they  refuse  to  see  it  in 
their  own  genus.  .  .  .  And  yet  the  essential  difference 
between  man  and  man  is  incomparably  greater  than 
that  between  horse  and  horse,  or  dog  and  dog.  .  .  . 
The  history  of  the  progress  of  mankind  is  the  history 
of  its  leading  minds.  The  masses,  left  to  themselves, 
are  hardly  capable  of  progress,  except  material  progress, 
and  even  that  imperfectly." 

It  must  not  be  imagined  that  with  Parkman 
the  upper  classes  meant  in  any  sense  the  mon- 
eyed classes.  The  vulgar  rich  man  he  disliked 
and  distrusted  quite  as  much  as  he  did  the 
ignorant  and  turbulent  poor  man. 

"  Two  enemies,  unknown  before,  have  risen  like 
spirits  of  darkness  on  our  social  and  political  horizon  — 
an  ignorant  proletariat  and  a  half-taught  plutocracy. 
Between  lie  the  classes,  happily  still  numerous  and 
strong,  in  whom  rests  our  salvation." 

But  that  salvation,  Parkman  held,  and  the  sal- 
vation of  every  democracy,  must  come  from 
good  leadership  —  from  the  recognition  by  the 
people  of  the  superiority,  and  the  consequent 
right  to  guide  and  govern,  of  the  real  elite  of 


the  nation,  of  the  men  of  worth  and  cultivation 
who  could  direct  the  masses  with  wisdom,  foil 
with  their  aid  the  demagogue  and  the  selfish 
capitalist,  and  set  the  national  ideal  above  the 
level  of  material  interests.  His  creed  was  short 
and  simple. 

"  My  political  faith  lies  between  two  vicious  ex- 
tremes, democracy  and  absolute  authority,  each  of  which 
I  detest  the  more  because  it  tends  to  reach  into  the 
other.  I  do  not  object  to  a  good  constitutional  mon- 
archy, but  prefer  a  conservative  republic,  where  intelli- 
gence and  character,  and  not  numbers,  hold  the  reins 
of  power." 

Patriots  were  the  historical  figures  whom 
Parkman  most  admired ;  and  his  hero  was 
Washington.  Second  to  Washington  in  his 
esteem  came  Hamilton.  For  Franklin,  with 
his  "  Poor  Richard  "  philosophy,  he  had  scant 
regard.  Jefferson  he  disliked  exceedingly  for 
his  sentimental  Rousseauism  and  his  flattery 
of  the  mob.  Lincoln's  great  qualities  and  high 
services  he  somewhat  grudgingly  admitted  ; 
but  he  thought  him  generally  overrated,  and, 
on  the  whole,  "  a  man  whose  undeniable  worth 
and  usefulness  were  due  to  circumstances  more 
than  to  inherent  ability."  To  ascribe  a  man's 
greatness  to  circumstances  seems  to  us  in  gen- 
eral a  cheap,  not  to  say  a  doubtful,  explanation 
of  it.  That  Lincoln  was  not  crushed  rather 
than  made  —  or,  as  we  should  prefer  to  say, 
revealed  —  by  those  same  "  circumstances," 
may  seem  to  most  of  us  the  most  remarkable 
thing  about  him. 

Parkman  appears  to  have  been  a  good  hater. 
He  disliked  ministers,  although  he  came  him- 
self of  a  long  line  of  them  ;  and  he  once  ex- 
pressed in  writing  the  hope  that  a  boy  who  had 
been  named  after  him  would  "be  brought  up 
to  some  respectable  calling  and  not  allowed  to 
become  a  minister."  Theologians  he  roundly 
denounced  as  "vermin,"  describing  them  gen- 
erally as  "  vague,  gushing,  soft,  spoilt  by 
women's  attentions,  sentimental,  unenergetic, 
and  insincere  in  their  professions  of  faith." 
There  may  have  been  a  vein  of  jocose  exagger- 
ation in  all  this ;  but  there  was  certainly  none 
in  his  denunciations  of  the  selfish  politician. 
Statesmanship  he  honored  as  the  highest  of 
callings  ;  but  no  words  could  express  his  scorn 
and  distrust  of  the  "  political  reptile  "  whose 
"  statesmanship "  is  that  of  Mr.  Platt  and 
whose  political  end  is  that  of  Mr.  Croker. 
The  spectacle  of  a  great  community  theoreti- 
cally free  yet  bound  and  gagged  by  the  ma- 
chine, and  periodically  led  to  the  polls  like 
lambs  to  the  slaughter,  to  choose  between  in- 
competence and  rascality  on  one  side,  and 


1900.J 


THE    DIAL 


261 


rascality  and  incompetence  on  the  other,  roused 
him  to  fury. 

"  Never,  since  history  recorded  the  life  of  nations, 
was  such  a  people  so  led,  or  rather  entangled  in  such  a 
political  mesh-work.  We  make  no  allusion  to  this  party 
or  that.  ...  As  freemen  and  sovereigns  we  go  to  the 
polls  and  cast  our  votes,  not  after  our  own  judgment, 
but  at  the  dictation  of  self-constituted  knots  and  com- 
binations of  men  whom  we  can  neither  esteem  nor  trust. 
...  A  many-headed  despotism  is  exercised  in  the  name 
of  the  largest  liberty.  ...  If  to  degrade  public  morals, 
sink  the  national  reputation,  weaken  the  national  coun- 
cils, rout  out  the  race  of  statesmen,  and  place  pliant 
incompetency  in  control  of  our  destiny,  —  if  these  are 
the  ends  of  government,  then  is  our  political  manage- 
ment a  master-piece  of  wit." 

Turning  to  the  spectacle  of  the  Civil  War, 
Parkman  saw,  in  the  great  popular  uprising, 
the  nation  for  once  snapping  like  threads  the 
fiimsy  shackles  with  which  it  had  tamely  sub- 
mitted to  be  bound,  resuming  the  control  of  its 
destinies,  and  revealing  democracy  in  its  grand- 
est aspect.  Then,  he  adds  : 

"  The  political  reptiles  hid  away,  or  pretended  to 
change  their  nature,  and  for  a  time  the  malarious  air 
was  purged  as  by  a  thunder-storm.  Peace  brought  a 
change.  .  .  .  The  lion  had  had  his  turn,  and  now  the 
fox,  the  jackal,  and  the  wolf  took  theirs.  Every  sly 
political  trickster,  whom  the  storm  had  awed  into  ob- 
scurity, now  found  his  opportunity.  The  reptiles  crawled 
out  again,  multiplied,  infested  caucuses,  conventions, 
and  Congress.  But  the  people  was  the  saddest  spec- 
tacle; the  same  people  that  had  shown  itself  so  heroic 
in  the  hour  of  military  trial,  were  now  perplexed,  be- 
wildered, tossed  between  sense  and  folly,  right  and 
wrong,  taking  advice  of  mountebanks,  and  swallowing 
their  filthy  nostrums.  The  head  of  Demos  was  as  giddy 
as  his  heart  had  been  strong." 

Popular  education,  as  conducted  in  this 
country,  Parkman  did  not  believe  to  be  an 
unmixed  good. 

"It  has  produced  an  immense  number  of  readers; 
but  what  thinkers  are  to  be  found  may  be  said  to  exist 
in  spite  of  it.  The  public  school  has  put  money  in 
abundance  in  the  pockets  of  the  dealers  in  sensation 
stories,  sensation  newspapers,  and  all  the  swarm  of 
trivial,  sickly,  and  rascally  literature.  ...  In  our  lit- 
erary markets,  educated  tastes  are  completely  outrid- 
den by  uneducated  or  half-educated  tastes,  and  the 
commodity  is  debased  accordingly.  Thus,  the  editor 
of  a  magazine  may  be  a  man  of  taste  and  talents;  but 
his  interests  as  a  man  of  letters  and  his  interests  as  a 
man  of  business  are  not  the  same.  '  Why  don't  you 
make  your  magazine  what  it  ought  to  be  ? '  we  once 
asked  a  well-known  editor.  '  Because,'  he  replied  '  if 
we  did  we  should  lose  four-fifths  of  our  circulation.' " 

Parkman's  interest  in  the  public  schools  was 
intense,  and  it  was  largely  to  the  possibility  of 
making  them  builders  of  character,  instead  of 
mere  agents  for  brain-cramming,  that  he  looked 
for  the  safety  of  democracy  —  for  the  develop- 
ment of  those  qualities  in  the  masses  which 
should  enable  them  to  distinguish  good  leader- 


ship from  bad,  and  deliver  them  from  the  rule 
of  the  "  boss  "  and  the  wiles  of  the  demagogue. 
Yet  he  did  not  see  much  hope  for  the  schools 
so  long  as  they  too  are  within  reach  of  the  low 
politician. 

"  They  demand  the  best  intelligence  and  the  best 
conscience  of  the  community;  and  yet  their  control  rests, 
in  the  last  resort,  with  legislatures  and  municipal  bodies 
representing  in  part  that  very  public  which  needs  edu- 
cation the  most —  wretched,  wire-pulling  demagogues, 
ignorant  as  the  constituencies  that  chose  them,  reckless 
of  public  duty,  and  without  the  faintest  notion  of  what 
true  education  is." 

In  the  plan  of  his  memoir,  Mr.  Farnham 
has  departed  from  the  usual  method  of  making 
biography,  from  cover  to  cover,  a  narration  of 
events  in  chronological  order.  "  I  have  tried," 
he  says,  "to  simplify  the  reader's  labor  and 
gain  vividness  of  portraiture,  by  confining  chro- 
nology chiefly  to  one  chapter,  thenceforth 
viewing  facts  and  experiences  as  bearing  mainly 
on  achievement  and  development."  The  work 
thus  divides  itself  into  three  parts  :  (1)  Park- 
man's preparation,  (2)  the  reflection  of  his 
personality  in  his  works,  and  (3)  the  story  of 
his  moral  growth. 

Mr.  Farnham's  book  is  an  eminently  read- 
able, as  well  as  a  searching  and  scholarly, 
account  of  the  career,  personality,  and  achieve- 
ment of  this  last  of  the  trio  of  American  his- 
torians —  Prescott,  Motley,  and  Parkman  — 
whose  works  so  forcibly  refute  the  curious  no- 
tion that  charm  of  style  and  picturesque  narra- 
tion are  somehow  incompatible  with  painstaking 
research  and  historical  accuracy.  The  volume 
is  neatly  made,  and  contains  two  portraits  of 
Parkman,  one  taken  in  early  manhood,  the 
other  the  likeness  with  which  most  readers  are 
familiar.  E.  G.  J. 


A  GREAT  LADY  OF  NEW  ENGLAND.* 


Mrs.  Susan  I.  Lesley's  "  Recollections  of 
My  Mother,"  which  has  now  come  to  a  third 
edition,  has  deservedly  won  recognition  beyond 
the  family  circle  for  which  it  was  written,  for 
it  is  the  memoir  of  a  most  interesting  woman, 
and  it  preserves  from  forgetfulness  the  best 
traditions  of  life  in  an  interesting  old  New 
England  town. 

Anne  Jean  Robbins  was  born  in  Milton, 
Mass.,  July  3,  1789.  Her  father,  Edward 

*  RECOLLECTIONS  OF  MY  MOTHER.  Mrs.  Anne  Jean 
Lymxn,  of  Northampton.  Being  a  Picture  of  Domestic  and 
Social  Life  in  New  England  in  the  First  Half  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Century.  By  Susan  I.  Lealey.  With  portraits  and 
other  illustrations.  Boston :  Houghton,  Mifll in  &  Co. 


262 


[Oct.  16, 


Hutchinson  Robbing,  a  descendant  of  Anne 
Hutchinson,  was  for  nine  years  speaker  of  the 
Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives,  and 
afterwards  lieutenant-governor  of  the  State. 
Through  her  mother,  Elizabeth  Murray,  she 
was  of  Scotch  descent,  and  cousin  to  John  M. 
Forbes,  a  man  whose  conception  of  citizenship 
was  of  the  best  type  our  country  has  produced. 
At  sixteen,  Anne  Jean  was  graduated  from 
the  Ladies'  Academy  of  Dorchester.  She  had 
learned  to  write  a  plain,  clear  hand,  and  she 
could  spell ;  for  accomplishments,  she  had  ac- 
quired the  "  use  of  the  globes,"  and  a  little 
French  and  Latin.  During  the  next  few  years 
we  catch  glimpses  of  the  young  girl,  now  as- 
sisting in  the  housework  of  a  large  family  on 
her  father's  farm  at  Brush  Hill,  and  now  going 
into  society  in  Boston  and  New  York,  making 
her  own  party  gowns.  An  embroidered  cam- 
bric dress  of  exquisite  fineness,  and  an  India 
muslin  for  a  change,  worn  with  different  colored 
ribbons,  were  Anne  Jean's  party  dresses 
through  several  successive  seasons.  To  please 
the  young  men  who  liked  to  see  fair  hands 
employed,  the  young  ladies  of  those  days  em- 
broidered samplers  and  mourning-pieces  in 
company.  An  anecdote  records  a  couplet  for 
a  mourning-piece,  which  is  good  enough  to 
serve  as  a  general  epitaph  for  fancy  work. 
Miss  Robbins  went  to  visit  some  friends  of 
hers  in  Hingham,  three  quaint  ladies  who  per- 
sisted in  remaining  British  subjects  to  the  end 
of  their  lives,  and  who  wore  purple,  Court 
mourning,  for  George  IV.,  fifty  years  after 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  A  young 
man  calling  on  the  ladies  one  day  found  them 
busy  embroidering  mourning-pieces,  samplers 
in  which  tall  women  in  short  waists  and  long 
skirts  forever  stand  weeping  by  a  monument. 
They  begged  for  a  motto  for  their  mourning- 
piece,  and  instantly  got  this  bit  of  wit : 

"  In  useless  labors  all  their  hours  are  spent, 
They  murder  time,  then  work  his  monument." 

In  the  autumn  of  1811,  Miss  Robbins  mar- 
ried Judge  Joseph  Lynian,  of  Northampton, 
Mass.,  who  was  twice  her  age,  and  a  widower 
with  five  children.  In  spite  of  the  disparity  of 
years,  the  marriage  was  a  most  happy  one,  and 
from  that  time  on  Mrs.  Lyman  lived  with  a 
fulness  of  life  that  was  at  once  an  inspiration 
and  a  charm  to  all  who  knew  her.  She  was 
the  moving  spirit,  not  only  in  her  own  home 
as  the  mother  of  a  large  family  of  children, 
but  in  an  ever-widening  social  sphere  that 
ultimately  came  to  include  many  of  the  best- 
known  people  of  her  time. 


Northampton  in  1811  was  a  village  of  about 
four  thousand  inhabitants,  and  it  had  already 
acquired  that  character  which  has  become 
more  marked  with  the  differentiation  of  the 
place  as  a  college  town.  There  were  no  very 
rich  people  and  no  very  poor  people,  but  many 
persons  of  culture  and  refinement  made  their 
homes  in  the  village  and  enjoyed  its  beautiful 
scenery  in  ease  and  contentment.  George  Ban- 
croft established  there  the  Round  Hill  School 
for  boys,  which  became  famous  all  over  the 
country.  The  elder  Dr.  Flint  was  the  village 
doctor,  and  Dr.  Austin  Flint  went  from  North- 
ampton to  Buffalo,  where  in  a  few  years  his 
studies  in  the  pathology  of  typhoid  fever  gave 
promise  of  his  great  medical  career.  The  roll 
of  the  professors  and  students  of  the  North- 
ampton law  school  records  the  names  of  Sam- 
uel Howe,  Hooker  Ashmun,  George  Tyng, 
George  S.  Hillard,  Russell  Sturgis,  and  others 
equally  well  known.  Every  summer  an  influx 
of  visitors  came  into  the  valley,  for  before 
the  building  of  the  railroad,  in  1843,  North- 
ampton was  on  the  high-road  between  Boston, 
the  Berkshire  Hills,  and  Saratoga  Springs. 
Among  the  birds  of  passage  that  flit  through 
Mrs.  Lyman's  letters,  we  are  made  acquainted 
with  "  the  great  Mr.  Wirt,"  and  Mrs.  Wirt, 
"  not  a  lady  of  great  mental  attainments,  but 
of  much  delicacy  and  refinement,  and  good 
judgment,  and  of  many  showy  accomplish- 
ments." Daniel  Webster  listens  absorbed  in 
Miss  Flint's  music  for  an  hour  and  a  half,  and 
then  rouses  himself  to  compliment  her  with 
stately  gallantry.  On  September  13,  1835, 
Mrs.  Lyman  writes  to  her  son,  —  "  Then  there 
has  been  a  family  of  Longfellows  from  Port- 
land, very  interesting,  agreeable  people." 

During  the  year  1824  Judge  and  Mrs. 
Lyman  led  the  little  band  who  "•  signed  off  " 
from  the  First  Church,  Jonathan  Edwards's 
church,  and  founded  the  Unitarian  society  in 
Northampton.  The  seceders  engaged  a  liberal 
minister  to  preach  to  them,  and  held  services 
in  the  town  hall  until  they  could  build  a  church 
of  their  own.  After  three  years'  work  the 
health  of  the  Unitarian  minister  broke  down, 
and  his  pulpit  was  supplied  by  preachers  from 
Boston  and  the  neighborhood,  mostly  young 
One  day  Mrs.  Lyman  heard  that  the 


men. 


minister's  wife  was  expecting  a  young  preacher 
to  stay  at  her  house  for  a  fortnight.  She 
knew  that  the  lady  was  not  well,  so  she  sent 
word  to  her  that  she  would  entertain  the 
preacher.  After  he  had  gone,  she  wrote  to 
her  sister,  —  "  O  Sally,  I  thought  to  entertain 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


263 


*  a  pious  indigent,'  but  lo !  an  angel  unawares ! " 
The  angel  unawares  was  Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 
son, with  whom  Mrs.  Lyman  then  formed  a 
friendship  that  lasted  as  long  as  she  lived. 
Many  years  later,  when  the  death  of  her  hus- 
band and  the  marriage  of  her  last  remaining 
child  had  left  her  alone  in  the  large  house  in 
the  centre  of  the  village,  her  diary  records 
how  Emerson  came  and  spent  two  days  with 
her,  how  he  went  with  her  to  visit  a  poor  family 
in  whom  she  was  interested,  and  how  he  left 
behind  him  an  afterglow  of  kind  words  and 
inspiring  thought.     Emerson's  transcendental- 
ism never  seemed  to  disturb  her,  although  at 
one  time  she  fears  that  one  of  her  children 
had  gone  over  to  "  those  loose  enders,"  mean- 
ing the  transcendentalists.    To  one  who  could 
not  understand  Emerson,  she  said,  "  Well,  you 
call  that  transcendental.     I  call  it  the  pro- 
foundest  common  sense." 

Mrs.  Lyman's  appreciation  of  Emerson  was 
after  all  more  personal  than  intellectual,  for 
though  she  had  large  views  of  men  and  things, 
her  type  of  mind  was  essentially  conservative. 
Harriet  Martineau  visited  her,  and  she  was  so 
charmed  with  the  English  lady's  "simple,  un- 
affected eloquence"  and  "delightful  character" 
that  she  began  to  read  her  books.  The  books 
were  not  so  delightful.  "  I  would  have  excused 
her  for  everything  but  her  slander  of  the 
women  of  our  country,  and  her  chapter  on  the 

*  Eights  of  Women,'  in  no  part  of  which  do  I 
sympathize  with  her.     I  desire  no  increase  of 
power  or  responsibility."     Only  a  few  years 
before  this  was  written,  the  little  Elizabeth 
Cady  was  tearing  out  of  her  father's  law  books 
all  those  laws  whose  injustice  to  women  made 
her  young  blood  boil  with  indignation.     Mrs. 
Lyman  had  excellent  ideas  on  education,  for 
boys ;    her  only  objection  to  Mr.  Bancroft's 
school  was  that  not  enough  attention  was  paid 
to  English  studies,  and  she  insisted  that  her 
son  at  least  should  study  English  as  well  as 
Latin,  Greek,  and  French.   Her  own  education 
had  depended  on  the  accident  of  birth  in  a 
good  family,  on  the  possession  of  a  good  mind, 
and  a  love  of  reading.     But,  as  in  the  case  of 
women  less  happily  circumstanced  socially  than 
herself,  it  does  not  seem  to  have  occurred  to 
her  that  girls  needed  a  sound  mental  training 
as  well  as  boys.     "  It  is  rare,"  she  writes,  "  to 
find  well  educated  women  who  have  grown  up 
in  prosperity.     If  their  minds  are  tolerably 
cultivated,  their  hearts   are  perverted,   their 
objects  of  pursuit  are  shadows."     How  could 
women,  in  prosperity  or  in  adversity,  become 


well  educated,  when  there  was  no  endowment 
for  the  education  of  girls,  and  no  public  opinion 
to  demand  it?  Harriet  Martineau  raised  a 
voice  in  the  wilderness,  and  Mrs.  Lyman  found 
it  discordant,  and  refused  to  listen  to  it.  Just 
so,  she  was  not  stirred  by  the  anti-slavery 
agitation,  the  one  great  question  of  her  time. 
Lydia  Maria  Child,  her  neighbor  and  friend, 
tells  of  the  many  lively  encounters  she  had 
with  Mrs.  Lyman  on  the  subject,  and  how  she 
only  succeeded  in  getting  her  on  the  fence  and 
hoped  she  would  jump  in  the  right  direction. 
Mrs.  Lyman  was  an  indefatigable  reader, 
and  her  letters  are  full  of  comments  on  books, 
couched  in  the  formal  language  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, and  smacking  for  the  most  part  of  its 
taste.  She  thought  Wordsworth  "  excelled  in 
the  highest  order  of  poetry,  —  in  the  moral 
sublime,"  but  the  poets  she  quotes  are  Aken- 
side  and  Beattie.  The  opinion  of  a  cultivated 
woman  reading  the  novels  of  Sir  Walter  Scott 
as  they  came  out  might  have  been  worth  while. 
Mrs.  Lyman  on  Sir  Walter  is  almost  as  amus- 
ing as  she  is  disappointing.  She  was  some- 
what of  an  aristocrat  in  her  likings,  — "  In 
reading,  nothing  is  more  fatiguing  to  me  than 
minute  details  of  low  people,  with  which  I 
think  this  book  [the  "Pioneers"],  like  the 
"Spy,"  is  very  much  encumbered."  They 
tell  us  nowadays  that  "  minute  details  of  low 
people  "  is  high  art.  One  "  trumpery  novel  " 
did  take  her  off  her  pedestal,  and  we  have  an 
entertaining  account  of  the  perturbation  it 
caused.  "  I  have  read  *  Jane  Eyre,'  "  she 
writes  to  her  daughter,  "  and  though  it  is  in- 
tensely interesting,  I  advise  you  not  to  read  it, 
for  I  think  it  has  a  most  immoral  tendency." 
By  the  next  post  the  daughter  received  a  letter 
from  a  friend  who  was  staying  with  her  mother, 
saying :  "  Your  mother  has  been  completely 
carried  away  with  'Jane  Eyre.'  She  went  out 
yesterday  and  bought  herself  a  pair  of  new 
shoes.  After  she  came  home  she  took  up 
'  Jane '  and  read  till  tea-time ;  then  she  read 
till  bed-time.  Then  I  retired,  and  she  read 
till  nearly  morning,  finding,  when  she  went  to 
bed  at  last,  that  the  toes  of  her  new  shoes  were 
fairly  burnt  through,  over  the  dying  embers." 
Mrs.  Lesley  suggests  that  the  loss  of  her  shoes 
may  have  affected  her  opinion  of  Rochester, 
for  she  always  became  very  indignant  over 
that  part  of  the  story  where  Jane,  after  leav- 
ing Rochester,  forgot  her  little  bundle  of 
clothes.  "  So  shiftless  of  her,"  she  would  ex- 
claim, "  to  go  off  without  a  change  of  linen. 
I  've  no  patience  with  her." 


264 


THE    DIAL 


The  story  well  illustrates  the  local  tradition 
of  Mrs.  Lyman,  a  woman  with  an  open,  in- 
quiring mind,  and  impulsive  nature,  full  of 
ideas,  and  possessing  a  fund  of  vigorous  and 
picturesque  English  in  which  to  express  them. 
When  she  wrote  she  was  painfully  liable  to 
make  the  little  fishes  talk  like  whales,  but  she 
talked  delightfully.  She  had  a  racy  vocabulary 
of  her  own,  full  of  humor  and  fun.  A  certain 
blue  print  stuff,  suggesting  orphan  asylums, 
which  she  thought  an  excellent  material  for 
her  little  girls'  every-day  frocks,  she  called 
"  blue  mortification,"  because  they  detested  it. 
For  people  who  backed  down  under  difficulties, 
"  abdicated,"  in  her  language,  she  had  no  use. 
"  Don  't  abdicate,"  she  would  say,  in  her  large, 
helpful  way,  to  a  friend  in  a  peck  of  trouble. 
"  Gild  your  lot  with  contentment "  was  her 
summing  up  of  a  complaining  woman.  She 
writes  to  her  mother:  "What  with  the  con- 
flicting claims  of  society  and  of  children,  I 
cannot  compare  my  life  this  summer  to  any- 
thing but  living  on  the  top  of  a  high  tree  in  a 
great  gale  of  wind,  in  which  all  one's  efforts 
are  bent  to  holding  on."  If  only  the  students 
of  Smith  College  would  say  things  in  that  way  ! 

Mrs.  Lyman  would  thoroughly  have  enjoyed 
the  new  Northampton,  with  the  thronging  col- 
lege girls  going  up  and  down  the  Main  street, 
where  now  a  row  of  shops  has  displaced  her 
home.  She  would  have  taken  them  all  into 
her  heart  and  mothered  them.  Play  enough 
they  would  have  had,  and  discipline.  Anne 
Jean  Lyman  was  not  an  advanced  woman,  but 
she  believed  in  making  the  most  of  opportunity. 
She  did  it  herself,  and  she  saw  to  it  that  every- 
body else  did  who  came  within  her  influence. 
She  died  in  1867,  before  Smith  College  was 
founded,  and  her  personality  is  vague  to  the 
students.  But  they  all  know  her  name,  for 
they  go  down  through  the  back  campus  to  the 
college  garden,  where  across  the  lane  lies  Para- 
dise. And  there  in  the  garden  are  the  Lyman 
Plant  Houses,  the  botanical  foundation  given 
to  Smith  College  by  the  late  E.  H.  R.  Lyman, 
in  memory  of  his  mother. 

MARY  AUGUSTA  SCOTT. 


A  NEW  edition  (the  third)  of  Mr.  Ernest  Rhys's 
record  of  the  life  and  work  of  Frederic  Lord  Leighton 
is  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  With  the  exception 
of  a  few  alterations  and  corrections,  and  the  addition 
of  a  chapter  on  "Lord  Leighton's  House  in  1900"  by 
Mr.  S.  Pepys  Cockerell,  the  text  is  identical  with  that 
of  the  original  quarto  edition  published  five  years  ago. 
The  numerous  illustrations  include  two  reproductions 
in  photogravure. 


THREE  BOOKS  ABOUT  BUSKIN.* 

We  have  learned  with  much  regret  of  the 
decision  reached  by  the  literary  executors  of 
John  Kuskin.  They  have  concluded,  it  seems, 
that  a  definitive  and  authoritative  biography 
is  not  desirable,  partly  because  of  the  existence 
of  Mr.  Collingwood's  admirable  book,  and 
partly,  we  presume,  because  their  examination 
of  Ruskin's  literary  remains  did  not  disclose 
any  considerable  amount  of  material  hitherto 
unpublished.  While  we  are  bound  to  defer 
to  the  judgment  of  Professor  Norton  and  his 
associates,  we  must  confess  to  a  certain  disap- 
pointment at  their  decision.  Mr.  Collingwood's 
biography  is  excellent  as  far  as  it  goes,  but  it 
seems  to  carry  reticence  a  little  too  far,  and 
certainly  has  not  exhausted  the  treasures  of 
Ruskin's  voluminous  correspondence.  Even 
had  his  own  "  Prseterita  "  been  completed,  we 
should  still  wish  for  the  complete  record,  from 
an  objective  point  of  view,  of  that  rich  and 
instructive  life.  Such  a  record  may  perhaps 
be  given  us  in  the  future,  but  for  the  present 
we  must  remain  contented  with  what  we  have, 
and  with  the  many  books  about  Ruskin,  not 
primarily  biographical  in  scope,  which  have 
been  written  by  his  critics  and  his  disciples. 
Three  such  books  have  appeared  since  his 
death,  and  to  give  some  account  of  them  is  the 
purpose  of  the  present  article. 

Mrs.  Alice  Meynell's  "  John  Ruskin "  is 
written  for  the  series  entitled  "  Modern  English 
Writers."  Its  method,  after  a  brief  introduc- 
tory chapter,  is  to  consider  successively  and 
briefly  Ruskin's  principal  works,  devoting  to 
each  book  (and  in  the  case  of  "  Modern  Paint- 
ers," each  volume)  a  special  chapter.  Each  of 
these  chapters  sets  forth  the  leading  ideas  of 
the  work  considered,  includes  a  few  illustrative 
extracts,  and  brings  to  the  discussion  a  certain 
element  of  the  author's  personal  idiosyncrasy. 
The  author  is  herself  a  writer  of  such  distinc- 
tion that  this  personal  note  always  proves  in- 
teresting, although  it  is  sometimes  irritating, 
and  often  excites  to  protest.  Mrs.  Meynell's 
literary  style,  with  its  excessive  desire  to  be 
nice,  does  not  always  produce  its  effect  without 
visible  strain,  and  cannot  be  acquitted  of  some- 

*JOHN  RUSKIN.  By  Mrs.  Meynell.  New  York:  Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co. 

JOHN  RUSKIN.  A  Sketch  of  His  Life,  His  Work,  and  His 
Opinions,  with  Personal  Reminiscence.  By  M.  H.  Spiel- 
luaiin.  Philadelphia:  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 

RUSKIN  AND  THE  RELIGION  OF  BEAUTY.  Translated  from 
the  French  of  R.  de  La  Sizeranue  by  the  Countess  of  Gallo- 
way. New  York  :  James  Pott  &  Co. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


265 


thing  akin  to  preciosity.  When  she  speaks 
of  Ruskin  as  having  got  something  of  his  dic- 
tion from  Gibbon,  "  who  did  more  than  any 
other  to  disorganize  the  English  language,"  and 
when  she  assumes  an  air  of  patronizing  superi- 
ority toward  Scott,  she  certainly  gives  us  pause, 
and  her  critical  judgment  suffers  severe  dis- 
credit. But  her  criticism  is,  for  the  most  part, 
acute  and  delicate,  the  product  of  a  finely 
trained  intellect,  having  just  enough  of  per- 
sonal idiosyncrasy  to  give  it  piquancy  and  to 
make  it  provocative  of  thought,  without  be- 
coming at  any  time  fundamentally  unsympa- 
thetic. In  dealing  with  questions  of  the 
technical  art  of  painting,  the  writer  makes  it 
clear  that  she  does  not  allow  even  Ruskin  to 
do  her  thinking  for  her,  although  she  does  not 
seem  to  preserve  her  complete  intellectual 
poise  in  the  discussion  of  Ruskin's  social  and 
economic  vagaries. 

Mr.  M.  H.  Spielmann's  "John  Ruskin"  is 
a  sketch  of  the  life,  work,  and  opinions  of  its 
subject,  put  together  in  a  scrappy  sort  of 
fashion,  and  not  particularly  noteworthy  for 
style  or  critical  insight.  Mr.  Spielmann  writes 
from  the  standpoint  of  a  devoted  friend  and 
enthusiastic  admirer,  and  brings  many  bits  of 
personal  reminiscence  arid  extracts  from  pri- 
vate letters  into  his  book.  The  work  is  chiefly 
valuable  for  its  illustrations,  which  include 
the  series,  practically  complete,  of  the  portraits 
of  Ruskin  which  readers  of  "  The  Magazine 
of  Art "  will  remember  as  having  appeared  in 
the  pages  of  that  periodical  about  fifteen  years 
ago.  The  later  years  of  Ruskin's  life  at  Con- 
iston  are  rather  fully  sketched,  and  give  us  a 
charming  picture  of  the  closing  chapter  of 
his  life. 

M.  de  La  Sizeranue's  volume  entitled  "  Rus- 
kin and  the  Religion  of  Beauty  "  consists  of 
three  essays  which  first  appeared  in  the  "  Revue 
des  Deux  Mondes,"  and  which  were  afterwards 
collected  into  the  book  which  the  Countess  of 
Galloway  has  now  translated  into  English.  It 
forms  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  of  the  many 
recent  works  in  which  French  critics  have  dealt 
with  English  writers  in  a  spirit  of  the  most 
generous  appreciation,  besides  bringing  to  their 
task  a  capacity  for  painstaking  investigation 
that  puts  many  of  our  own  writers  to  shame. 
The  pioneer  work  of  Taine  has  borne  rich  fruit 
during  the  past  score  of  years,  and  of  this  fruit 
the  volume  before  us  is  a  conspicuous  example. 
It  is  easily  the  weightiest  of  the  three  now 
under  review,  besides  deriving  peculiar  interest 
from  the  fact  that  it  records  the  impressions  of 


a  competent  foreign  student  of  our  literature. 
The  suggestion  of  Taine  just  now  made  by  us 
is  more  than  fortuitous.  The  writer  approaches 
his  subject  very  much  as  Taine  would  have 
approached  it,  and  treats  it  with  the  same  com- 
bination of  picturesqueness,  vivacity,  and  philo- 
sophical analysis.  He  begins  by  telling  us 
how  his  attention  was  first  called  to  Ruskin, 
when  one  day  in  Florence  he  came  upon  a 
party  of  English  girls  in  Santa  Maria  Novella, 
reading  him  in  the  presence  of  the  frescoes  as 
a  sort  of  liturgy.  Another  year,  in  London, 
he  was  the  guest  of  a  household  in  which  the 
table  linen  of  the  family  was  a  product  of 
Langdale,  and  the  host  wore  a  coat  of  cloth 
made  at  St.  George's  Mill  on  the  Isle  of  Man. 
Again  his  attention  was  called  to  the  man 
whose  activities  had  so  singular  a  power  of  be- 
coming reflected  in  unexpected  ways,  and  he 
determined  to  make  an  exhaustive  study  of  the 
personality  that  had  so  aroused,  first  his  curi- 
osity, then  his  interest,  and  finally  his  sym- 
pathy. He  determined  to  "  retrace  through 
Europe  and  through  the  history  of  '  aesthetic  * 
the  path  the  master  had  trod."  How  the  writer 
prepared  himself  for  his  task  is  told  in  the  fol- 
lowing words  :  "  In  Switzerland,  at  Florence, 
at  Venice,  at  Amiens,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Rhine  or  of  the  Arno,  everywhere  where  he 
had  worked  I  too  worked  after  him,  sometimes 
sketching  over  again  the  sketches  whence  he 
had  drawn  his  theories  and  his  examples,  wait- 
ing for  the  same  light  he  had  waited  for, 
always  seeking,  as  it  were,  on  the  eternal 
monuments  the  fugitive  shadows  of  his  thought. 
Then  for  several  years  I  delayed  to  write  until 
his  system  dawned  upon  me,  no  longer  as  a 
delicious  medley  but  as  a  harmony  of  great 
lines,  like  those  Alpine  mountains  which  he 
loved  so  well."  A  work  undertaken  in  this 
spirit,  and  carried  out  with  this  thoroughness, 
could  hardly  fail  to  prove  an  important  addi- 
tion to  the  long  list  of  books  devoted  to  the 
exposition  of  Ruskin's  life  and  ideas.  To  the 
non-English  reader  it  must  have  been  a  revela- 
tion, and  to  the  English  reader  it  comes  as  a 
highly  stimulating  and  suggestive  treatise, 
although  it  does  not  hesitate  to  quote  the  pass- 
ages most  familiar  to  him,  and  to  characterize 
the  teachings  of  Ruskin  with  much  detail  that 
in  the  case  of  the  English  reader  might  be  left 
for  granted.  We  know  of  no  single  volume 
better  fitted  to  serve  for  an  introduction  to  the 
thought  of  the  great  critic.  It  is  clear  in  its 
exposition  and  unfailing  in  its  sympathy  ;  yet 
it  does  not  blink  at  inconsistencies,  and  it  is 


266 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


far  from  giving  a  slavish  adherence  to  those 
vagaries  of  temper  which  have  doubtless  les- 
sened Raskin's  influence,  although  they  are  in 
reality  but  as  the  spots  upon  the  sun,  barely 
affecting  his  ethical  fervor,  and  in  nowise 
making  dim  the  radiance  of  his  resplendent 
genius.  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


THE  WORLD'S  WHEAT  PROBLEM.* 


It  will  be  remembered  that  Sir  William 
Crookes,  in  his  presidential  address  delivered 
in  1#98,  at  the  Bristol  meeting  of  the  British 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
raised  a  voice  of  warning  in  respect  to  the  inad- 
equacy of  present  methods  of  cultivation  to 
provide  a  supply  of  wheat  large  enough  to 
meet  the  continually  increasing  demand  of  the 
world's  growing  population  of  bread-eaters. 
He  pointed  out  that  the  consumption  of  wheat 
per  capita  was  increasing  in  almost  all  the 
wheat-consuming  countries  and  that  the  num- 
ber of  consumers  is  steadily  growing.  He 
said  :  "  In  1871  the  bread-eaters  of  the  world 
numbered  371,000,000.  In  1881  the  number 
rose  to  416,000,000  ;  in  1891  to  472,600.000  ; 
and  at  the  present  time  they  number  516,500,- 
000." 

Observing  that  the  rate  of  increase  appeared 
to  be  geometrical,  he  proceeded  to  inquire 
where  were  to  be  grown  the  additional  supplies 
necessary  to  provide  for  the  additional  millions 
of  bread-eaters  soon  to  come  into  being.  After 
glancing  in  succession  at  the  wheat  growing 
capabilities  of  the  United  States,  Russia,  India, 
Australasia,  Argentina,  and  various  other 
countries,  he  reached  the  conclusion  that  only 
about  100,000,000  acres  in  addition  to  the 
area  already  under  wheat 'would  be  available 
for  the  production  of  that  grain.  At  present 
rates  of  yield,  this  area,  he  estimated,  would 
barely  supply  the  wheat  needed  to  feed  230,- 
000,000  additional  bread-eaters,  and  this  addi- 
tional number,  he  calculated,  would  come  into 
being  by  1931. 

Whence,  then,  were  to  come  the  supplies  for 
the  further  additions  to  the  number  of  bread- 
eaters  to  be  made  after  that  date,  supposing  pop- 
ulation to  continue  increasing  at  the  present 
rate  ?  Sir  William's  reply  was  that  increased 
production  per  acre  could  alone  meet  this  addi- 
tional demand.  This,  however,  would  require 

*  THE  WHEAT  PROBLEM.  By  Sir  William  Crookes,  F.R  S. 
"Questions  of  the  Day"  Series.  New  York.  Q.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons. 


vast  additions  to  the  supply  of  nitrogenous  fer- 
tilizer. Conservation  of  sewage  was  referred  to 
as  one  possible  source  of  such  fertilizer  ;  but  a 
method  of  fixing  the  free  nitrogen  of  the 
atmosphere  at  a  cost  sufficiently  low  to  make 
the  resulting  product  commercially  available 
was  the  one  thing  needful  to  place  at  the  service 
of  mankind  a  practically  unlimited  supply. 
This  artificial  production  of  nitrate,  Sir  Will- 
iam regarded  as  clearly  within  view ;  and  in 
this  he  saw  the  means  of  bringing  up  the  aver- 
age yield  of  wheat  from  12.7  to  30  bushels  per 
acre.  Thus  would  the  date  when  demand  shall 
outrun  supply  be  put  so  far  ahead  as  to  relieve 
the  wheat-eaters  of  the  present,  and  at  least  a 
few  generations  of  their  descendents,  from  all 
occasion  for  anxiety.  As  to  a  remoter  future, 
Sir  William  suggested  that  "  instead  of  trust- 
ing mainly  to  food-stuffs  which  flourish  in 
temperate  climates,"  the  nations  now  composed 
of  bread-eaters  will  "  trust  more  and  more  to 
the  exuberant  food  stuffs  of  the  tropics,"  and 
cited  a  computation  of  Humboldt,  that  "  acre 
for  acre,  the  food-productiveness  of  the  banana 
is  133  times  that  of  wheat." 

The  address  thus  summarized  Sir  William 
has  included  in  a  volume  entitled  "  The  Wheat 
Problem,"  in  which  he  moreover  replies  to  a 
number  of  criticisms  called  out  by  his  Bristol 
address  on  its  original  publication.  He  also 
includes  in  it  a  chapter  on  "  Our  Present  and 
Prospective  Food  Supply,"  by  the  well-known 
agricultural  writer,  Mr.  C.  Wood  Davis,  of 
Kansas ;  an  article  on  "  America  and  the 
Wheat  Problem,"  by  the  Hon.  John  Hyde, 
Statistician  of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture ;  and  a  chapter  by  Mr.  Hyde 
on  "  Certain  Fallacies  of  Mr.  Edward  Atkin- 
son "  in  regard  to  the  extent  of  the  ability  of 
the  United  States  to  contribute  to  the  world's 
wheat  supply.  Several  short  appendices  and 
an  index  occupy  the  last  thirty  of  the  272 
pages  embraced  in  the  volume. 

No  detailed  review  can  be  attempted  within 
the  space  available  for  the  notice  of  this  book, 
but  the  conviction  may  be  recorded  that  Sir 
William's  views,  though  somewhat  too  alarm- 
ist in  character,  are  nearer  to  the  truth  than 
those  of  some  of  the  more  optimistic  of  his 
critics.  We  do  not  think  there  is  any  serious 
danger  of  a  permanent  wheat  shortage  occur- 
ring within  the  next  thirty-one  years,  even  in 
the  absence  of  that  unlimited  supply  of  nitro- 
genous fertilizer  to  which  he  looks  as  a  means 
of  escape  from  that  calamity;  but  it  may  become 
necessary  to  cultivate  less  productive  lands 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


267 


than  are  now  in  use,  in  order  to  produce  the 
increased  supply  of  food  that  will  be  required 
if  population  shall  continue  to  multiply  as 
rapidly  as  it  has  done  for  many  decades  past. 
This  would  mean  increased  labor  for  a  given 
result,  unless  the  disadvantage  named  should 
be  offset,  as  it  probably  would  be,  by  progress 
in  agricultural  knowledge  and  corresponding 
improvement  in  agricultural  methods. 

One  favorable  circumstance  is  that  the  in- 
crease of  population  which  is  to  cause  the  in- 
creased demand  for  wheat  will  probably  occur 
chiefly  in  thinly  settled  regions  in  which  there 
is  much  land  that  will  not  pay  for  tillage  if  its 
produce  must  find  a  market  thousands  of  miles 
away,  but  will  become  convertible  into  profit- 
able wheat  fields  as  soon  as  the  growth  of  pop- 
ulation in  its  vicinity  shall  make  that  produce 
marketable  at  next  to  no  expense  for  transpor- 
tation. Moreover,  the  growth  of  population  in 
such  regions,  and  of  the  domestic  animals  by 
which  population  is  accompanied  in  civilized 
communities,  will  tend  to  the  utilization  of  fer- 
tilizing resources  that  are  in  great  part  wasted 
where  consumers  are  thousands  of  miles  from 
the  fields  where  their  subsistence  is  produced. 
If  Sir  William  Crookes  had  taken  due  account 
of  such  changes  in  the  comparative  availability 
of  land  for  food  production  as  the  growth  of 
population  will  itself  bring  with  it,  he  would, 
in  our  opinion,  have  been  able  to  take  a  con- 
siderably more  hopeful  view  of  the  future  of 
the  world's  wheat  supply,  quite  apart  from  his 
expectation  that  chemistry  will  shortly  enable 
man  to  draw  on  the  atmosphere  for  unlimited 
supplies  of  nitrogen.  Still,  he  has  done  a 
useful  work  in  arousing  public  interest  in  this 
question,  and  his  book  will  well  repay  an  atten- 
tive perusal.  E>  T<  pETERS. 


SOME  RECENT  BOOKS  OP  TRAVEL,.* 


The  only  American  on  board  the  good  ship 
"  Belgica  ''  in  its  two  years'  voyage  to  the  Antarctic 
regions  was  Dr.  Frederick  A.  Cook,  who  accom- 
panied the  expedition  as  surgeon  and  anthropolog- 
ist. "  Through  the  First  Antarctic  Night,"  Doctor 
Cook's  account  of  this  long  and  successful  exploit, 
invites  comparison  with  Doctor  Nansen's  "  Farthest 

*  THROUGH  THE  FIRST  ANTARCTIC  NIGHT,  1898-1890.  By 
Frederick  A.  Cook,  M.D.  Illustrated.  New  York:  The 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Company. 

A  SPORTSWOMAN  IN  INDIA.  By  Isabel  Savory.  Illustrated. 
Philadelphia  :  The  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 

THE  ROCKIES  OF  CANADA.  By  Walter  Dwight  Wilcox. 
Illustrated.  New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

GREATER  CANADA.  By  E.  B.  Odborn.  New  York :  A. 
Weasels  Company. 


North."  Captain  Adrien  de  Gerlache,  to  whose 
enterprise  the  expedition  owes  both  its  origin  and  its 
successful  issue,  appears  not  to  have  been  less  suc- 
cessful than  the  Norwegian  in  accomplishing  the 
objects  for  which  the  "  Belgica  "  was  purchased  and 
equipped.  Ten  officers  and  men  of  science,  and 
nine  common  seamen,  representing  five  different 
nations,  made  up  the  personnel ;  but  Doctor  Nan- 
sen's  happy  freedom  from  illness  and  accident  was 
not  theirs,  one  of  the  sailors  being  lost  overboard, 
and  the  magnetician,  Emile  Danco,  dying  of  the 
anaemia  which  attacked  them  all  in  a  greater  or  less 
degree.  Dr.  Cook  reserves  the  consideration  of  the 
scientific  aspect  of  this  ailment  for  the  more  formal 
presentation  of  the  facts  gathered  by  the  ship's 
force,  and  he  expressly  disclaims  an  intention  of 
setting  forth  the  daily  life  of  the  crew ;  yet  it  is 
evident  that  there  was  a  lack  of  that  marvellous 
good-fellowship  which  characterized  the  life  on  the 
"  Fram,"  due  in  good  part  to  a  lack  of  choice  and 
discrimination  in  selecting  officers  and  men,  and  to 
the  food,  largely  Norwegian  in  character,  which 
was  not  relished  by  the  members  of  the  crew  of 
other  nationalities. 

The  expedition  undoubtedly  makes  valuable  con- 
tributions to  the  world's  knowledge.  It  raises  the 
theory  of  an  Antarctic  continent  to  the  dignity  of 
hypothesis;  it  extends  geographical  certainties  over 
a  vast  area  of  problematical  chartings  made  by 
former  voyagers  ;  it  procures  for  the  meteorologist 
hourly  readings  of  the  thermometer,  barometer,  and 
other  instruments  through  a  full  year  ;  it  establishes 
the  probability  of  a  southern  polar  anticyclone ;  it 
moves  the  theoretical  south  magnetic  pole  about 
two  hundred  miles,  —  all  in  addition  to  the  minor 
contributions  to  zoology  and  kindred  sciences. 

It  appears  from  Dr.  Cook's  interesting  and  beau- 
tifully illustrated  pages  that  Patagonia  and  Terra 
del  Fuego,  still  largely  believed  to  be  abodes  of 
desolation,  are  thriving  and  growing  countries,  with 
their  former  asperities  to  be  ranked  along  with 
those  of  the  "  Great  American  Desert  "  of  our  boy- 
hood's geographies.  The  trail  of  the  gold-seeker 
is  over  them  both,  and  the  discovery  that  sheep 
thrive  in  the  interior  has  led  to  the  stocking  of 
enormous  and  exceedingly  profitable  ranches  — 
and,  incidentally,  to  the  extermination  of  the  na- 
tives. This  leads  Dr.  Cook  to  remark  that  "  The 
Anglo-Saxon  is  the  ruling  spirit,  and  in  a  very 
short  time  this  long  deserted  no-man's-land  will  be 
a  gilded  paradise  stocked  with  the  healthy  admix- 
ture of  northern  races  which  has  made  the  United 
States  the  most  progressive  of  the  new  nations  of 
the  world." 

SPRING  AND  AUTUMN  IN  IRELAND.  By  Alfred  Austin. 
New  York :  The  Macmillan  Company. 

A  WHITE  WOMAN  IN  CENTRAL  AFRICA.  By  Helen  Cad- 
dick.  Illustrated.  New  York :  The  Cassell  Company. 

SOUTH  AMERICA,  SOCIAL,  INDUSTRIAL,  AND  POLITICAL 
By  Frank  G.  Carpenter.  Illustrated.  New  York :  The  Saal- 
field  Publishing  Company. 

THE  ANTARCTIC  REGIONS.  By  Dr.  Karl  Fricker.  Illus- 
trated. New  York :  The  Macmillan  Company. 


268 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


The  ruling  spirit  of  Miss  Isabel  Savory's  narra- 
tive of  "  A  Sportswoman  in  India"  is  also  Anglo- 
Saxon,  and  the  handsome  book,  with  its  thrilling 
pictures,  affords  the  best  possible  opportunity  for 
the  psychological  study  of  a  modern  Una  who  would 
have  slain  the  lion  as  a  common-sense  precaution 
before  lying  down  beside  it.  History  has  abundance 
of  precedent  for  the  modern  Nimrod,  and  the  phe- 
nomenon of  a  comely  British  maiden  going  pig- 
sticking, bear-hunting,  and  tiger-shooting  is  probably 
referable  to  Diana  ;  yet  it  is  a  very  modern  variety 
of  (he  goddess  that  is  here  presented,  with  breech- 
loading  and  rapid-firing  arms,  and  all  thought  of 
the  moon  omitted  except  as  affording  light  for  de- 
struction after  the  sun  has  set.  Mr.  Kipling  is 
Miss  Savory's  poet  of  poets,  but  she  has  the  habit  of 
quoting  all  her  rhyme  without  using  any  marks  to  in- 
dicate originality  or  indebtedness,  leading  us  to  sus- 
pect that  some  of  the  lines  are  her  own.  Here  is  an  ex- 
ample of  her  vivacious  mingling  of  prose  and  verse: 

"  On  came  the  pig  straight  for  the  Arab's  shoulder 
and  forelegs  —  a  gallant  charge.  Keeping  her  horse 
going  at  best  pace,  M.  leaned  well  down,  intending  to 
lunge  her  spear  straight  into  him  low  down  in  the  body, 
just  behind  the  shoulder,  directly  he  was  within  reach. 
Her  body  swung  forward  as  she  made  the  effort  — 
there  followed  an  instant  of  deadly  sickness  —  Gracious 
heavens!  she  missed  him.  It  was  but  an  instant; 
home  went  the  pig's  charge,  and  over  went  the  Arab  as 
though  he  bad  been  a  ninepin.  M.  was  hurtled  into  the 
air,  a  vision  of  sky  followed,  and  then  stars.  .  .  .  She 
did  the  only  thing  there  was  time  to  do  —  threw  herself 
fiat  on  her  face  and  lay  still.  In  another  second  the  pig 
was  cutting  what  remained  of  her  habit  into  ribbons, 
and  she  could  feel  sharp  gash  after  gash  in  the  small 
of  her  back  as  he  tore  at  the  body  of  his  prostrate  foe. 
Then  G.'s  voice  rang  out,  and  never  was  woman  more 
glad.  He  speared  the  boar  and  drew  him  off  M.,  who 
sat  up  once  more,  considerably  bruised  and  battered, 
but  still  with  plenty  of  life.  The  last  scenes  in  such  a 
contest  would  be  sad  and  horrible,  if  they  were  not  so 
full  of  danger  and  excitement. 

The  pluck  of  the  bull-dog  does  not  beat 

The  pluck  of  the  gallant  boar. 

He  was  magnificent.  Furious  with  rage,  again  and  again 
he  literally  hurled  himself  upon  the  spears  in  his  mad 
longing  to  get  at  S.  and  G.,  till  at  last  he  died,  facing 
his  foes  —  splendid  animal  !  It  was  quite  grievous  to 
see  him  lying  dead." 

That  last  touch  rises  to  the  heights  of  the  "  Walrus 
and  the  Carpenter."  " '  I  like  the  walrus  best,' 
said  Alice,  '  because  you  see  he  was  a  little  sorry 
for  the  poor  oysters.'  '  He  ate  more  than  the 
carpenter,  though,'  said  Tweedledee." 

Another  boar  was  even  more  fun :  After  the 
hunt  had  aroused  him,  he  "  rolled  over  "  one  na- 
tive, "  tilted  "  another  into  a  well,  threw  "  two 
wretched  women,  one  after  another  —  both  were 
badly  cut,"  —  but  he  "  put  up  a  good  fight."  Small 
wonder  that  Miss  Savory  concludes  in  respect  of 
the  British  "  sportswomen  "  :  "  The  trophies  which 
decorate  the  walls  of  their  sanctum  sanctorum  call 
forth  admiration  and  reverence,  rather  than  con- 
stitute mute  witnesses  of  outraged  womanhood." 


The  passion  for  mountain-climbing  is  a  curious 
evolution  of  our  century.  Why  should  man,  with 
incredible  hardship,  climb  to  the  barrenest,  steepest, 
loftiest  heights?  He  will  not  rest  content  till  he 
has  set  foot  on  the  topmost  peaks  and  remotest 
poles  of  this  sphere,  and  thus  rightly  fulfils  his 
mission  in  subjugating  the  earth.  This  restless 
mountaineering  spirit  animates  Mr.  W.  D.  Wilcox's 
book  on  "  The  Rockies  of  Canada."  The  author 
has  spent  several  seasons  exploring  Nature's  fast- 
nesses in  the  vicinity  of  Banff,  particularly  the  Lake 
Louise  region  ;  and  he  gives  us,  in  simple  and  lucid 
style,  an  account  of  his  experiences.  It  is  his 
opinion  that  "  the  Caucasus  and  Alps,  especially  the 
latter,  alone  equal  or  surpass  the  Canadian  Rock- 
ies." While  the  Rockies  of  Canada  are  not  as  high 
as  those  of  Colorado,  "their  apparent  grandeur  is 
greater  because  the  valleys  are  both  deep  and  nar- 
row, richly  forested,  and  frequently  guarded  by 
cliffs  which  are  precipitous  for  three,  four,  or  even 
five  thousand  feet."  The  only  paths  in  these  Rockies 
are  the  Indian  trails  ;  and  we  do  not  know  of  a 
better  description  of  the  aboriginal  road  than  the 
one  here  given. 

"  But  when  trails,  either  good  or  bad,  penetrate  it, 
how  can  a  country  be  unmapped  or  unknown?  Perhaps 
in  the  same  way  that  the  natives  have  made  foot-paths 
through  the  deserts  of  Australia  and  the  jungles  of 
Africa,  the  Indians  of  the  Northwest  have  made  trails 
through  all  the  larger  valleys  of  the  Rockies.  These 
trails,  which,  for  aught  we  know,  represent  some  of  the 
oldest  of  human  foot-paths,  are  used  by  the  Indians  on 
their  hunting  expeditions.  Before  the  coming  of  white 
men,  they  were  used  as  a  means  of  communication  be- 
tween the  Kootenay  Indians  and  the  tribes  that  inhabit 
the  plains,  for  the  bartering  of  fur,  game,  and  horses. 
So  all  the  important  valleys  and  passes  have  well- 
marked  trails,  and  the  side  valleys  inferior  ones,  though 
it  is  not  always  easy  to  find  them  or  stay  on  them  when 
found.  A  trail  is  subject  to  constant  degeneration,  for 
several  reasons.  Avalanches  and  snow-slides  sweep 
over  it,  and  sometimes  cover  a  long  stretch  with  broken 
trees  and  great  masses  of  rock.  New  areas  of  timber 
are  burned  over  every  year,  and  the  charred  trees,  after 
standing  a  few  years,  begin  to  yield  to  the  wind  and 
storms  and  fall  across  the  trail.  Rapid  mountain 
streams  often  change  their  courses,  cutting  away  new 
banks  and  undermining  many  places  where  trails  were 
made.  Even  in  .the  primeval  forest,  the  underbrush 
has  a  constant  tendency  to  choke  these  path-ways,  and 
aged  monarchs  of  the  forest  die  and  fall  across  them. 
No  one  ever  cuts  a  tree,  if  there  is  a  way  around,  be- 
cause every  one  assumes,  very  selfishly,  that  he  may 
never  come  that  way  again.  Thus  the  Indian  trail  is  a 
narrow  pathway,  worn  with  the  hoofs  of  horses,  clearly 
marked  in  open  meadows  or  deep,  mossy  forests,  but 
ever  winding  and  retreating  to  avoid  a  multitude  of 
obstacles,  and  usually  disappearing  altogether  when 
most  needed,  and  some  steep  cliff  or  avalanche  track  or 
burnt  timber  seems  to  block  the  way." 
The  book  contains  a  chapter  on  camping,  also  one 
on  game,  and  one  on  the  Stony  Indians.  The 
volume  is  a  handsome  one,  finely  illustrated  with 
photogravures,  and  beautifully  printed.  It  may  be 
cordially  recommended  to  all  lovers  of  nature. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


269 


Another  book  on  Canada  is  Mr.  E.  B.  Osborn's 
"  Greater  Canada."  This  work  treats  of  British 
Columbia,  Alberta,  etc.,  from  the  practical  point  of 
view  of  the  farmer  and  miner  ;  and  it  contains  also 
much  historical  material,  not  easily  found  else- 
where, on  the  fur  trade.  The  author  vindicates  the 
great  Northwest  as  a  desirable  place  of  residence. 

"  Most  people  who  have  not  visited  the  Northwest 
firmly  believe  that  a  long  winter  of  arctic  rigor  pre- 
vents all  out-door  work  during  a  greater  portion  of  the 
Northwestern  year,  and  forms  an  insurmountable  ob- 
stacle to  any  such  growth  in  the  future.  This  fallacy 
is  a  chief  cause  —  perhaps  the  chief  cause  —  of  the 
preference  shown  by  European  emigrants  for  the  States 
as  a  field  for  settlement ;  and  it  is  still  worked  for  all 
it  is  worth  by  Yankee  emigration  agents,  whose  tales 
of  Canadian  climate  have  caused  many  new  arrivals  in 
Boston  or  New  York  to  change  their  plans  —  and  their 
nationality  —  at  the  eleventh  hour." 

However,  a  page  or  two  later  he  acknowledges 
that  a  temperature  of  sixty  degrees  below  zero 
does  occur. 

"  At  such  times  the  vapor-laden  breath  from  the 
lungs  freezes  the  moment  it  leaves  the  lips,  and  min- 
gles with  the  air,  and,  falling  in  the  form  of  infinitesi- 
mal snow-dust,  produces  a  soft  whispering  sound  —  a 
ghostly  susurrus,  once  heard  never  forgotten." 
The  woik  contains  a  good  map  and  useful  appen- 
dices, and  is  certainly  a  fresh  and  instructive 
rSsumS. 

Mr.  Alfred  Austin,  Poet  Laureate,  gives  us  in 
"Spring  and  Autumn  in  Ireland"  a  very  well 
written,  thoughtful,  and  altogether  charming  ac- 
count of  two  tours  in  the  Emerald  Isle.  He  finds 
nowhere  more  of  natural  beauty  and  human  kind- 
ness, and  his  characterization  of  the  Irish  people  is 
very  subtle,  sympathetic,  and  suggestive. 

"  Of  course,  my  experience  was  limited  and  imper- 
fect; but  I  found  myself  remarking,  no  doubt  with  a 
touch  of  extravagance,  that  it  must  be  a  very  dull 
Englishman  who  finds  Irish  people  particularly  lively. 
Doubtless  they  are  more  amiable  in  the  social  sense; 
but  I  cannot  put  aside  the  impression  that  sadness  is 
the  deepest  note  in  the  Irish  character.  They  remind 
one  of  what  Madame  de  Stael  said  of  herself,  '  Je  suis 
triste,  mais  gai.'  Under  provocation  or  stimulus  they 
become  both  loquacious  and  merry;  nor  need  the 
provocation  be  very  forcible.  But  they  readily  fall 
back  again  into  the  minor  key,  and  much  of  their  wit 
springs  from  their  sensibility  to  the  tearfulness  of 
things.  '  You  can  talk  them  into  anything,'  said  one 
of  themselves  to  me;  and  I  think  it  is  still  more  true 
that  they  can  talk  themselves  into  anything,  for  the 
moment  at  least.  They  are  sad,  but  not  serious." 

We  gain  from  this  booklet  more  real  insight  into 
Irish  scenery  and  life  than  from  many  more  pre- 
tentious volumes.  We  notice  one  blemish  in  style 
that  is  quite  ludicrous  : 

"  I  could  not  gaze  on  the  tender  sinuousities  of  the 
Wicklow  Mountains,  or  turn  to  the  Hill  of  Howth,  Ire- 
land's Eye,  and  the  more  distant  Lambay  Island,  with- 
out a  sense  of  rising  gladness  that  I  was  at  last  to  set 
foot  on  a  land  that  greets  one  with  so  fair  and  feminine 
a  face." 


Miss  Helen  Caddick  was  the  first  woman  tourist 
to  make  the  trip  to  the  African  Lake  Tanganyika, 
and  she  has  described  her  experiences  in  a  fresh 
and  pleasant  little  book  entitled  "  A  White  Woman 
in  Central  Africa."  Miss  Caddick  travelled  alone, 
transported  in  a  machila  —  a  kind  of  hammock  — 
by  natives,  for  more  than  a  thousand  miles. 

"  From  Domasi  I  went  to  see  a  coffee  plantation  at 
Songani.  It  seemed  to  me  a  rather  amusing  proceeding 
to  take  my  machila  and  my  seventeen  men  about  with 
me  wherever  I  went.  At  first  I  was  troubled  as  to  what 
would  become  of  them  when  I  stayed  a  few  days  at  a 
station;  but  I  found  it  was  the  custom,  and  no  one  ob- 
jected to  my  arriving  with  that  number  of  men,  and  the 
men  themselves  were  perfectly  happy.  They  always 
took  themselves  off  to  the  nearest  native  village,  and 
waited  with  the  most  absolute  indifference  just  as  long 
as  I  wished.  It  was  perfectly  delightful  to  meet  with 
beings  who  had  so  much  spare  time." 

Miss  Caddick  went  by  the  customary  routes,  and 
saw  only  semi-Europeanized  Africa ;  but  in  a  bright 
and  amusing  way  she  notes  much  that  would  escape 
the  eye  of  the  man  traveller.  The  photographic 
illustrations  add  to  the  interest  of  the  book. 

Mr.  Frank  G.  Carpenter  has  reproduced  in  book 
form,  under  the  title  "  South  America,  Social,  In- 
dustrial, and  Political,"  the  letters  on  South  Amer- 
ica which  have  lately  appeared  in  a  Chicago  news- 
paper. While  the  author  deals  with  social  and 
political  life,  he  is  largely  concerned  with  the  com- 
mercial aspect  of  affairs  —  Bolivian  gold  and  silver 
mines,  Chilian  nitrate  deposits,  Argentine  wheat 
field*,  and  Brazilian  coffee  plantations.  In  Monte- 
video, Uruguay,  he  found  many  curious  sights. 

"  Men  go  by  us  with  loads  on  their  heads  or  on  their 
backs.  Here  comes  a  milk  peddler;  he  is  of  the  same 
style  as  those  of  the  smaller  cities  of  Argentine  Repub- 
lic. He  sits  on  his  horse  with  his  legs  about  its  neck 
and  almost  on  top  of  the  leather  buckets  that  contain 
his  milk  cans.  Each  one  is  corked  with  a  round  piece 
of  wood  wrapped  in  a  dirty  rag,  and  I  doubt  whether 
he  changes  the  rag  from  one  year's  end  to  the  other. 
There  he  has  stopped  and  gone  into  the  house.  His 
horse  stands  still,  although  there  is  no  hitching-post  or 
iron  ring  in  sight.  He  has  hobbled  the  front  feet  of 
the  animal  with  the  whip.  These  men  supply  the  city 
of  more  than  250,000  inhabitants  with  milk.  They 
used  to  supply  it  with  butter,  which  they  made  by  gal- 
loping their  horses  so  that  the  jolting  did  the  churning. 
Then,  I  am  told,  when  you  wanted  butter  the  man 
dipped  his  hands  into  one  of  the  cans  and  squeezed  up 
a  chunk.  It  is  still  the  same  outside  the  cities;  little 
butter  is  used  by  the  common  people,  and  there  are 
farmers  with  thousands  of  cows  who  eat  dry  bread." 

Mr.  Carpenter's  book,  though  inevitably  superficial, 
has  a  general  value  as  a  recent  sketch  of  the  South 
American  countries,  and  the  illustrations  are  useful 
and  often  striking. 

In  the  present  state  of  interest  in  Antarctic  dis- 
covery, the  translation  of  Dr.  Karl  Fricker's  book 
on  "  The  Antarctic  Regions"  ought  to  have  attrac- 
tion for  the  public.  This  work  is  a  very  careful 
and  masterly  compilation,  giving  the  history  of 


270 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


discovery,  the  geography  and  geology  of  the  lands, 
and  chapters  on  climate,  ice,  fauna  and  flora,  and 
the  future  of  Antarctic  discovery.  The  illustrations 
are  notable,  being  taken  from  books  of  travel  and 
giving  correct  views  of  Antarctic  scenery.  The 
pictures  of  icebergs  are  quite  the  best  we  have  seen. 
The  volume  contains  a  valuable  map  and  bibliog- 
raphy. On  the  whole,  we  have  here  a  very  reliable 
handbook  to  the  ultima  Thule  of  modern  explorers, 
the  vast  and  drear  Antarctic. 


BRIEFS  ON  NBW  BOOKS. 


Character  and  Dr-  Paul  S;  Reinsch  might  have 
tendencies  of  chosen  f  or  his  book  on  "  World  Pol- 

world  politics,  itics"  (Macmillan)  as  a  suggestive 
sub-title  these  words :  The  Appetite  and  the  Meal. 
In  Part  I.,  on  "  National  Imperialism,"  there  are 
set  forth  the  rise  and  characteristics  of  the  appetite  ; 
and  in  Part  II.,  on  "  The  Opening  of  China,"  there 
is  a  description  of  the  meal.  The  discussion  of  the 
tendencies  now  to  be  observed  in  the  policy  of  all 
the  great  states  toward  aggrandizement  at  the  ex- 
pense of  less  civilized  or  weaker  peoples,  is  like  a 
fresh  breeze  coming  at  the  end  of  a  sultry  day. 
Instead  of  confusing  the  subject  with  sentimental 
platitudes  about  destiny,  humanity,  and  the  stren- 
uous tasks  of  duty,  he  looks  at  the  facts  with  some- 
thing of  the  directness  of  a  Machiavelli.  Only  by 
such  a  method  can  the  great  change  that  has  come 
over  the  ambitions  of  Europe,  and,  in  a  measure,  of 
America,  during  the  last  decade  or  two,  be  intelli- 
gently defined.  It  is  significant  that  the  Powers 
are  seeking  more  carefully  to  obtain  the  utmost 
advantage  out  of  those  quasi-possessions  upon  which 
they  merely  have  a  "  lien."  Dr.  Reinsch  has  de- 
scribed in  a  particularly  enlightening  manner  how 
this  works  in  China ;  how  all  the  improvements  in 
one  district  are  to  be  made  with  German  capital, 
by  German  engineers,  with  the  use  of  German  ma- 
chinery, etc. ;  and  how  in  another  district  all  these 
things  are  to  be  French,  in  another  Russian,  and  so 
on.  It  apparently  has  again  become  necessary  to 
revise  the  Scriptures,  so  that  a  familiar  passage 
may  more  truthfully  declare,  "  the  earth  is  the 
white  man's  and  the  fulness  thereof."  The  failure 
of  the  black  or  brown  or  yellow  man  to  dig  all  the 
coal  beneath  the  surface  of  his  lands,  to  open  his 
iron  or  copper  or  silver  or  gold  mines,  to  buy 
European  and  American  goods,  is  henceforth  rightly 
punishable  with  bombardment  and  annexation. 
But  Dr.  Reinsch  prophetically  warned  against  so 
treating  a  great  people  like  the  Chinese  that  their 
slumbering  sense  of  nationality  should  be  awakened. 
The  recent  troubles  in  China  came  as  a  startling 
confirmation  of  his  foresight.  Another  significant 
feature  of  the  present  movement  is  its  effect  in  be- 
littling important  domestic  political  questions,  and 
in  supporting  the  outcry  against  intelligent  and 
legitimate  dissent.  This  seems  to  be  especially 


characteristic  of  Germany,  —  and  not  a  little  of  the 
United  States,  it  might  have  been  added.  Issue 
could  be  taken  with  minor  positions  of  the  author, 
among  others,  with  his  notion  that  the  common 
endeavor  of  the  Powers  to  solve  the  Far  Eastern 
problem  may  quiet  European  dissensions.  This 
does  not  seem  plausible,  if  one  recalls  that  a  similar 
movement  of  expansion  four  hundred  years  ago  had 
no  such  result.  On  the  whole,  the  book  is  perhaps 
the  sanest  discussion  of  the  new  Imperialism  that 

has  appeared. . 

A  doctor's  The  medical  quack,  his  nostrums  and 

discourse,  on  methods,  is  handled,  popularly  speak- 

Quackery.  ing?  „  witnout  gloves,"  in  Dr.  Wm. 

B.  Doherty's  blunt  and  practical  little  book  entitled 
"  You  and  Your  Doctor  "  (Laird  &  Lee).  Dr. 
Doherty  appears  to  be  not  only  a  "  regular  "  physi- 
cian but  a  sensible  man  in  the  bargain ;  and  his 
main  aim  is  to  define  and  specify  the  quack  in  all 
his  noxious  varieties,  and  to  set  forth  in  plain  terms 
just  why  quackery  is  either  harmful  or  else  quite 
inoperative.  The  quack  doctor  may  do  you  harm  ; 
he  certainly  will  do  you  no  good  ;  and,  in  any  event, 
there  is  his  "  little  bill  "  to  be  considered  —  for  your 
quack  doctor  is  emphatically  "  in  medicine  "  for  the 
same  reason  that  Mr.  Croker  of  Tammany  is  "in 
politics."  Of  the  prevalent  and  direful  custom 
of  self-medication,  too,  Dr.  Doherty  has  some  for- 
cible things  to  say  ;  and  it  must  be  admitted  that  a 
man  consciously  turning  quack  at  his  own  expense, 
and  with  no  earthly  prospect  of  a  fee,  presents  a 
singularly  fatuous  spectacle.  On  its  positive  side 
Dr.  Doherty's  book  offers  many  useful  suggestions 
as  to  food,  drink,  exercise,  and  the  cultivation  of 
health  generally  ;  as  to  action  in  sudden  emergen- 
cies of  sickness  or  accident  when  a  physician  is  not 
within  call,  and  so  on.  But,  thinks  Dr.  Doherty, 
the  right  thing  to  do  when  you  are  ailing  is  to  con- 
sult a  doctor  at  once,  and  be  sure  that  the  one  you 
consult  is  a  regular  practitioner,  and  not  some  twig 
or  other  of  the  great  and  growing  tree  of  the  Quack 
family.  This  is,  of  course,  all  very  plain  and  nat- 
ural from  the  standpoint  of  a  physician ;  from  that 
of  a  chronic  sufferer  who  consults  one  doctor  after 
another  with  no  appreciable  result  beyond  the  fur- 
ther exhaustion  of  himself  and  his  finances,  the 
matter  is  by  no  means  so  simple.  We  are  not  sure 
that  doctors  themselves  are  wholly  free  from  re- 
sponsibility for  the  existence  of  the  quackery  which 
they  deplore.  The  volume  is  acceptably  made,  and 
contains  a  number  of  pictures  which  may  serve  the 
purpose  of  impressing  its  moral  more  plainly  upon 
the  popular  mind. 

Mrs.  Eva  Emery  Dye  calls  her 
"  McLoughlin  and  Old  Oregon  " 
(A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.)  a  "  chron- 
icle." Why  not  a  romance?  The  book  deals  with 
important  historical  matters,  but  it  is  impossible  in 
any  strict  sense  of  the  word  to  call  it  history.  In 
proof  of  this  we  cite  a  single  passage,  which  is, 
however,  we  are  bound  to  say,  the  most  exaggerated 


Romance  and 
history  of 
Old  Oregon. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


271 


one  that  we  recall.  It  relates  to  the  return  of  the 
gold-hunters  from  California  to  Oregon  in  the  early 
fifties :  "  So  the  Argonauts  came  home,  bringing 
the  Golden  Fleece,  —  bags  full,  tea  canisters  full, 
pockets  full,  of  the  beautiful  shining  dust.  It  was 
weighed  like  wheat  or  bran,  at  $  1 6  an  ounce  in  trade. 
Men  carried  gold-dust  in  pails  through  the  streets. 
Women  stored  it  away  in  coffee-pots  and  pickle- 
jars.  Milk-pans  full  of  it  sat  on  the  shelves.  Home- 
comers  on  horseback  threw  sacks  of  it  over  the 
fence  into  the  tall  grass  to  lie  over  night  or  until 
they  took  a  bite  of  supper."  But  when  once  the 
reader  gets  the  proper  point  of  view,  which  he  will 
soon  do,  he  will  find  that  the  book  presents  a  full 
and  graphic  account  of  American  beginnings  in 
Oregon.  Parts  of  the  narrative  show  real  power. 
"  Whitman's  ride  "  is  made  to  do  duty  as  a  matter 
of  course ;  but  less  is  made  of  it  in  its  bearing  on 
the  territorial  question  than  is  sometimes  done. 
Webster's  remark  that  the  country  owed  it  to  Dr. 
Whitman  and  his  associate  missionaries  that  all  the 
territory  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  north  of  the 
Columbia  was  not  owned  by  England  and  held  by 
the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  if  he  ever  made  it,  may 
be  true.  But  this  is  far  from  proving  that  the  ride 
had  any  particular  significance  so  far  as  the  result 
reached  is  concerned.  But  we  would  ask,  has  not 
the  time  come  when  some  competent  historical 
scholar  should  subject  the  Whitman  tradition  to  a 
thorough  examination  ? 

Mr.  Sidney  Whitman's  "  Conversa- 
tions with  Prince  Bismarck"  (Har- 
per) have  been  discriminatingly 
culled  from  the  indefatigable  Herr  von  Poschinger's 
vast  (and  still  growing)  accumulations  of  Bismarck- 
iana.  For  a  man  who  did  and  thought  so  much, 
the  great  Chancellor  certainly  seems  to  have  talked 
a  great  deal  —  unlike  his  taciturn  colleague  Moltke, 
who,  as  the  saying  went,  could  "  hold  his  tongue 
in  seven  languages."  This  toiling  Geheimrat,  von 
Poschinger,  has  constituted  himself  a  sort  of  post- 
humous Boswell  to  the  puissant,  if  loquacious 
Chancellor,  and  has  already  put  forth  some  half  a 
dozen  thick  volumes.  It  is  from  the  latest  of  these 
that  Mr.  Whitman  has  made  his  selections.  The 
contents  of  the  volume  range  from  grave  to  gay, 
and  represent  Bismarck  at  divers  periods  and  in 
various  moods.  Notable  among  his  interlocutors 
are  Li  Hung  Chang,  Thiers,  Favre,  Mr.  John 
Booth  (his  neighbor  at  Friedrichsruh),  Moltke, 
Maurus  Jokai,  Bluntschli,  and  so  on.  Talking  with 
Bluntschli  (1868),  Bismarck  observed,  apropos  of 
Chamberlain's  course  in  South  Africa,  that  while 
the  individual  Briton  was  decent,  respectable,  and 
trustworthy,  the  charge  of  lying  being  to  him  the 
worst  of  all  charges,  English  policy,  on  the  other 
hand,  was  the  reverse  of  all  that ;  "  its  dominant 
characteristic  was  hypocrisy,  and  it  employed  every 
method  which  the  individual  Briton  despised."  The 
Turks  he  rather  paradoxically  pronounced  to  be 
"  the  only  gentlemen  in  the  East ";  while  of  his 


More  of  the 
Conversations 
of  Bismarck. 


own  countrymen  he  said  that  they  were  still  a  race 
of  non-commissioned  officers  —  "  everyone  eager  to 
get  the  stripes."  Mr.  Whitman's  book  is  an  excel- 
lent one  for  those  who  wish  to  get,  through  as  little 
reading  as  may  be,  a  fair  notion  of  the  quality  of 
Bismarck's  inimitable  talk. 


An  Epic 
Tragedy. 


The  episode  of  Dido,  in  the  Virgilian 
poem,  needs  only  some  rearrange- 
ment and  the  omission  of  explana- 
tory and  descriptive  passages  to  convert  it  into  a 
play.  Indeed,  while  Virgil  is  the  chief  epic  poet 
on  the  Latin  side,  an  excellent  claim  may  be  set  up 
for  him  as  the  principal  tragic  poet  of  his  country. 
The  story  of  Dido,  with  its  singleness  of  theme  and 
its  impetuous  rush  to  its  catastrophe,  constitutes  a 
tragedy  of  the  classical  sort  which  the  Greek  writers 
would  have  been  glad  to  unfold.  In  the  Virgilian 
epic  it  rises  to  a  height  of  interest  which  perhaps 
no  other  part  of  the  poem  attains.  Prof.  Frank  I. 
Miller  and  Mr.  J.  R.  Nelson  have  presented  this 
part  of  the  ^neid  in  an  English  version  (Silver, 
Burdett  &  Co.),  which  will  no  doubt  receive  the 
wide  attention  which  it  deserves.  The  translation 
is  close,  clear,  and  elegant,  and  has  the  advantage 
over  the  William  Morris  rendering  that  it  is  can- 
didly done  into  modern  and  not  archaic  English. 
The  long  lines  reproduce  somewhat  the  effect  of 
the  hexameter,  and  preserve  the  dignity  and  ele- 
gance of  the  original.  The  arrangement  into  scenes 
has  been  done  with  care  and  skill,  and  we  imagine 
that  it  should  be  effective  in  an  actual  performance. 
Some  portions  have  been  set  to  music,  for  which, 
we  believe,  Mr.  Nelson  is  alone  responsible.  These 
settings  are  classical  in  their  character,  and  are 
really  worthy  of  the  place  in  which  they  are  found. 
The  volume  will  doubtless  make  its  way  into  many 
hands,  and  students  and  teachers  of  the  poem  will 
find  it  a  valuable  adjunct  to  the  work  of  appre- 
ciating and  understanding  the  poem  of  which  it  is 
so  important  a  part. 

The  lights  and  shadows  —  and  espe- 
Humors  of  a  cjalj  the  ijgnt8  —  of  missionary  life 

hard  apostolale.  *     .^     '  .  » . 

on  the  Western  frontier  are  delight- 
fully illustrated  in  the  Rev.  Cyrus  Townsend 
Brady's  "  Recollections  of  a  Missionary  in  the 
Great  West  "  (Scribner).  It  is  long  since  we  have 
seen  so  many  good  stories  to  the  page  as  are  to  be 
found  in  this  cheery  little  repository  of  quaint 
clerical  experiences.  In  many  of  them,  pathos  and 
fun  mingle  in  pretty  even  proportions ;  and  in  not 
a  few  of  them  children  are  the  chief  actors  —  for 
Mr.  Brady,  like  all  good  men,  loves  little  children. 
A  quaint  but  telling  reply  was  that  of  the  little  girl 
out  in  Indian  Teri-itory  —  a  tot  of  six  whom  Mr. 
Brady  had  baptized  —  to  her  teasing  schoolmates 
who  wanted  to  know  "  what  the  man  in  the  night- 
gown had  done  to  her,  and  if  she  was  now  any  dif- 
ferent from  what  she  was  before."  Her  theology 
and  her  hard  words  exhausted,  she  dropped  sud- 
denly into  metaphor  and  the  vernacular  —  with 


272 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


perfectly  satisfactory  results  :  "  Well,  I  '11  tell  you. 
I  was  a  little  maverick  before,  and  the  man  put 
Jesus's  brand  [the  Cross]  on  my  forehead,  and 
when  He  sees  me  running  wild  on  the  prairie,  He 
will  know  that  I  am  His  little  girl."  Only  now 
and  then  do  the  grim  features  of  pain  and  hardship 
peep  from  Mr.  Brady's  sunny  pages.  We  can  only 
guess  that  his  long  struggle  in  the  Far  West  was  in 
the  main  a  sharp  and  toilsome  one ;  for  in  spirit 
his  book  throughout  is  an  unconscious  and  cheery 
homily  on  the  useful  theme,  "  Making  the  best  of  it." 

The  drama  *  The  latest  °*  ^e  charming  "crepe 
and  theatre  paper"  books  published  by  Mr.  T. 

of  Japan.  Hasegawa  in  Tokyo  is  a  large  octavo 

volume  entitled  "  Scenes  du  Theatre  Japonais." 
The  greater  part  of  the  text  is  devoted  to  the  most 
famous  of  the  historical  dramas  of  Japan,  called 
from  the  scene  in  which  the  action  takes  place, 
"Terakoya"  (the  village  school).  It  is  translated 
into  French  by  Dr.  Karl  Florenz,  professor  in  the 
Imperial  University  of  Tokyo,  who  also  supplies  a 
brief  historical  introduction  and,  at  the  end  of  the 
drama,  a  short  account  of  the  conventions  of  the 
Japanese  stage.  The  tragedy  is  in  one  act  and  thir- 
teen scenes  —  in  the  continental  sense  of  the  word 
— and  is  of  an  exactness  and  nicety  which  suggests 
that  the  English  may  go  to  the  subjects  of  the  Mi- 
kado for  instruction  in  the  art  of  dramatic  writing 
no  less  than  in  the  decorative  arts  in  general.  The 
translation  is  from  the  Japanese  into  French,  and 
is  excellently  done,  —  it  may  be  conjectured,  the 
affinity  frequently  remarked  between  the  genius  of 
Japan  and  France  aiding  Dr.  Florenz  in  what  is 
evidently  a  labor  of  love.  But  the  chief  value  of 
the  book,  nevertheless,  may  be  said  to  lie  in  the 
beautiful  drawings  in  color  which  have  been  made 
for  the  work  by  Mr.  Yoshimune  Arai,  giving  it  a 
charm  distinctly  its  own,  and  doubling  its  merits  in 

other  respects.      

Professor  Plehn  has  "  revised  and 
TheproWem.^          enlarged  "  his  "  Introduction  to  Pub- 

of  public  finance.  =>  .  ,         ... 

he  Finance     (Macmillan)  by  adding 

a  somewhat  timely  chapter  on  the  financial  admin- 
istration of  war,  illustrated  by  the  experience  of 
the  United  States  in  the  war  with  Spain.  If  the 
work  has  been  revised  in  any  other  respect,  the  re- 
vision is  of  a  kind  which  it  would  require  an  expert 
proof-reader  to  discover ;  yet  there  are  certain  in- 
consistencies in  the  volume  which  might  easily  have 
been  eliminated  in  a  second  edition.  Professor 
Plehn  is  evidently  in  substantial  agreement  with 
Mr.  Wells  concerning  the  general  property  tax,  for 
he  remarks  incidentally  in  his  new  chapter  that 
"  the  method  of  taxation  by  which  most  of  the 
States  raise  their  revenues  ...  is  the  worst  in  use 
in  any  civilized  country."  Yet  in  another  place  he 
says  that  the  universal  condemnation  of  this  tax 
"  is  not  due  to  the  defects  in  the  tax  itself,  but 
mainly  to  the  fact  that  it  is  not  properly  supple- 
mented by  other  taxes."  Barring  some  defects, 
the  work  is  a  useful  text-book  in  its  field. 


"Plain  Printing  Types  "  is  the  sub- 

A  mailer  printer        -^  of  the  firgt  volume  ;n  a  projected 

on  printing  types.      •>      .  r      •> 

series  of  manuals  on  "  I  he  Practice 
of  Typography,"  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Theodore  L. 
De  Vinne.  It  is  a  compact  and  handsomely-printed 
work,  containing  minute  and  detailed  descriptions 
of  the  tools,  technical  processes,  and  various  systems 
of  type-making ;  specimens  and  descriptions  of  all 
standard  sizes  of  book  types ;  exhibits  of  the  more 
important  type-faces  now  commonly  in  use  ;  tables 
of  prices  of  type  here  and  abroad ;  and  an  im- 
mense amount  of  similar  information  heretofore  not 
readily  accessible.  The  matter  selected  for  display- 
ing the  various  faces  and  sizes  of  type  is  of  hardly 
less  interest  than  the  text  proper,  consisting  as  it 
does  of  short  biographies  of  famous  type-founders 
and  designers,  historical  notes  on  the  development 
of  printing  in  various  countries,  sketches  of  the 
genesis  of  well-known  type  faces,  and  other  matter 
equally  pertinent  and  valuable.  To  all  who  have 
to  do  with  the  production  of  books,  Mr.  De  Vinne's 
little  treatise  must  prove  indispensable.  The  Cen- 
tury Co.  are  the  publishers. 


BRIEFER   MENTION. 


"  Love's  Comedy "  is  the  most  important  of  Dr. 
Ibsen's  plays  that  have  hitherto  remained  untranslated, 
and  we  welcome  Professor  C.  H.  Herford's  version,  now 
published  by  the  Charles  H.  Sergei  Co.,  both  on  account 
of  the  interest  of  the  work  and  the  excellence  of  the 
translation.  Those  who  have  been  fortunate  enough  to 
read  Professor  Herford's  translation  of  "  Brand  "  will 
not  need  to  be  told  that  in  the  present  instance  he  has 
proved  himself  entirely  competent  to  deal  with  the 
metrical  and  intellectual  difficulties  of  the  earlier  work. 
Our  obligation  to  him  is  still  further  increased  by  the 
studied  introduction  that  goes  with  the  volume  now  at 
hand. 

The  collection  of  pretty  white  booklets  called  the 
"  What  Is  Worth  While  "  series,  and  published  for  sev- 
eral years  past  by  Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.,  has 
eleven  new  numbers  for  this  season,  and  the  covers 
have  a  more  tasteful  design  than  ever.  Among  the  new 
titles  we  note  the  following:  "Spiritual  Lessons  from 
the  Brownings,"  by  Dr.  Amory  H.  Bradford;  "Books 
That  Nourish  Us,"  by  Mrs.  Annie  Russell  Marble; 
"  Some  Ideals  in  the  Education  of  Women,"  by  Miss 
Caroline  Hazard;  "  The  Art  of  Optimism,"  by  President 
James  De  Witt  Hyde;  «  The  Problem  of  Duty,"  by  the 
Rev.  Charles  F.  Dole;  and  "  Good  Manners  and  Suc- 
cess "  and  "  The  Hour  of  Opportunity,"  both  by  Mr. 
Orison  Swett  Marden. 

In  "The  Point  of  Contact  in  Teaching"  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.)  the  author,  Mr.  Patterson  Du  Bois,  first 
states  the  main  idea  that  his  title  suggests,  and  then 
deals  with  "the  plane  of  experience,"  "applying  the 
principle,"  "  missing  the  point,"  and  "  the  lesson  ma- 
terial." All  this  is  done  with  admirable  clearness  and 
force.  The  book  was  written  originally  for  Sunday 
School  teachers,  but  has  now  been  enlarged  in  scope  for 
other  teachers  who  work  on  the  same  level  of  child 
life.  It  contains  more  of  the  pith  of  teaching  than 
many  a  volume  far  larger  and  more  pretentious. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


273 


NOTES. 


"  Rasselas,"  with  an  introduction  by  the  Rev.  Will- 
iam West,  is  a  "  Gem  Classic  "  published  by  Messrs. 
James  Pott  &  Co. 

The  1901  edition  of  Messrs.  Laird  &  Lee's  useful 
little  "  Vest- Pocket  Diary  and  Time-Saver"  has  just 
made  its  appearance. 

Dr.  Mitchell's  "  Hugh  Wynne,"  in  a  new  edition 
illustrated  by  Mr.  Howard  Pyle,  is  published  by  the 
Century  Co.,  the  two  volumes  of  the  original  being 
bound  into  one. 

Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  send  us  a  new  edition, 
in  two  volumes,  and  published  at  a  moderate  price,  of 
Professor  Edwin  A.  Grosvenor's  important  work,  "Con- 
stantinople," which  first  appeared  five  years  ago. 

The  pocket  edition  of  "Gulliver's  Travels,"  bearing 
the  Dent-Macmillan  imprint,  is  as  pretty  a  book  as  one 
often  sees,  and  is  made  exceptionally  attractive  by  its 
series  of  a  dozen  illustrations,  the  work  of  Mr.  A. 
Rackham. 

Two  of  the  five  volumes  which  are  to  contain  Lock- 
hart's  "  Memoirs  of  Walter  Scott "  are  published  by 
the  Messrs.  Macmillan,  under  the  editorship  of  Mr. 
A.  W.  Pollard,  in  their  "  Library  of  English  Classics." 

Mr.  John  Edward  Courtenay  Bodley's  "  France  "  is 
published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  in  a  new  edition  at  a 
reduced  price.  The  two  volumes  are  bound  in  one, 
which  thus  contains  an  aggregate  of  nearly  a  thousand 
pages. 

Mr.  William  Stone  Booth  of  the  Macmillan  Co.  is 
the  compiler  of  a  little  manual  of  "  Notes  for  the 
Guidance  of  Authors,"  which  will  be  found  of  great 
practical  value  by  all  who  have  occasion  to  prepare 
manuscript  for  publication. 

"  Animal  Life,"  by  President  D.  S.  Jordan  and  Pro- 
fessor V.  L.  Kellogg,  is  one  of  the  "  Twentieth  Century" 
series  of  text  books  published  by  the  Messrs.  Appleton. 
It  is  an  elementary  account  of  animal  ecology,  abun- 
dantly and  interestingly  illustrated. 

"  The  Nuttall  Encyclopaedia,"  as  edited  by  the  Rev. 
James  Wood,  is  reissued  by  Messrs.  Frederick  Warne 
&  Co.  in  an  edition  which  is  numbered  as  the  "twen- 
tieth thousand."  Its  sixteen  thousand  brief  articles 
make  the  volume  a  very  useful  one  for  ready  reference. 

Mr.  Charles  Raymond  Barrett's  treatise  on  "  Short 
Story  Writing  "  appears  in  a  second  edition  from  the 
press  of  the  Baker  &  Taylor  Co.  It  is  an  interesting 
little  book,  and  may  be  found  useful  by  beginners  in 
literature,  although  the  art  with  which  it  deals  is  hardly 
one  to  be  taught. 

A  valuable  collection  of  rare  and  scarce  old  English 
books  will  be  sold  at  auction  by  the  Williams,  Barker 
&  Severn  Co.,  of  Chicago,  beginning  Oct.  22  and  con- 
tinuing the  three  following  days.  The  catalogue  of 
the  sale  contains  over  1500  numbers,  including  many 
items  of  exceptional  interest. 

Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  have  begun  a  new  and 
attractive  series  of  reading-texts  for  young  people,  en- 
titled "  Home  and  School  Classics."  The  following 
numbers  have  appeared :  "  The  Tempest,"  abridged  and 
edited  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Willard  Hiestand;  "Chapters  on 
Animals,"  by  Philip  Gilbert  Hamerton,  edited  by  Pro- 
fessor W.  P.  Trent;  "The  Wonderful  Chair  and  the 
Stories  It  Told,"  by  Miss  Frances  Browne,  edited  by 
Professor  M.  V.  O'Shea;  "  Jackanapes,"  by  Mrs.  Ewing, 
edited  by  Professor  W.  P.  Trent;  and  "Goody  Two 


Shoes "  (which  Goldsmith  may  have  written),  edited 
by  Mr.  Charles  Welsh.  These  publications  are  neat 
pamphlets,  illustrated,  and  are  to  appear  semi-monthly. 
They  are  priced  at  ten  and  fifteen  cents  each. 

The  small  pamphlet  of  "  Songs  for  the  City  of  God," 
which  Mr.  David  Nutt  has  just  published,  has  a  wider 
scope  than  most  sacred  anthologies,  and  is  made  notable 
by  the  inclusion  of  poems  by  Tennyson,  Clough,  Morris, 
Mr.  Henley,  Mr.  Kipling,  and  Mr.  Swinburne.  The 
judgment  displayed  in  this  selection  is  distinctly  out  of 
the  ordinary. 

Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  continue  their  work  in 
the  publication  of  serviceable  and  inexpensive  editions 
of  the  standard  poets.  Chaucer  and  Burns  are  now 
added  to  their  list,  each  in  a  boxed  two-volume  set.  The 
Chaucer  has  facsimiles,  a  glossary,  and  an  introduction 
by  Professor  Lounsbury.  The  Burns  is  edited  in  sim- 
ilar fashion  by  Mr.  Nathan  Haskell  Dole. 

The  welcome  announcement  is  made  that  the  famous 
"  Easy  Chair  "  department  of  "  Harper's  Magazine  "  is 
to  be  revived,  with  Mr.  W.  D.  Howells  as  incumbent, 
than  whom  it  would  be  hard  to  suggest  a  more  fitting 
successor  to  the  genial  "  Ik  Marvel "  and  "  Howadji," 
whose  writings  have  made  the  "  Easy  Chair  "  so  mem- 
orable. At  the  same  time  will  be  restored  the  "Editor's 
Study,"  to  be  conducted  by  Mr.  Henry  Mills  Alden, 
present  editor  of  the  Magazine.  In  addition  to  his 
"  Easy  Chair  "  duties,  Mr.  Howells  will  become  a  liter- 
ary adviser  to  the  firm  of  Harper  &  Brothers,  and  will 
also  contribute  a  monthly  article  on  contemporary  lit- 
erary affairs  to  the  "  North  American  Review."  With 
his  various  other  writings,  and  the  occasional  novels 
which  we  hope  Mr.  Howells  will  continue  to  give  us, 
there  seems  little  probability  of  his  becoming  rusty. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  200  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

An  American  Anthology,  1787-1899:  Selections  Illus- 
trating the  Editor's  Critical  Review  of  American  Poetry 
in  the  Nineteenth  Century.  Edited  by  Edmund  Clarence 
Stedman.  With  frontispiece  and  engraved  title-page,  8vo, 
gilt  top,  pp.  878.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  $3. 

Essays,  Letters,  Miscellanies.  By  Count  Lyof  N.  Tolstoi. 
With  portrait,  12mo,  pp.  605.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co. 
$2. 

The  Pageantry  of  Life.  By  Charles  Whibley.  12mo,  un- 
cut, pp.  269.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $1.50. 

Studies  and  Appreciations.  By  Lewis  E.  Gates.  12mo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  234.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Strenuous  Life:  Essays  and  Addresses.  By  Theodore 
Roosevelt.  With  portrait,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  225. 
Century  Co.  $1.50. 

Shadowings.  By  Lafcadio  Hearn.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  268.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $2. 

The  Transition  Period.  By  Q.  Gregory  Smith,  M.  A.  12mo, 
uncut,  pp.  422.  "Periods  of  European  Literature." 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50. 

The  Salt- Box  House:  Eighteenth  Century  Life  in  a  New 
England  Hill  Town.  By  Jane  de  Forest  Shelton.  12mo, 
pp.  302.  Baker  &  Taylor  Co.  $1.50. 

Letters  of  Matthew  Arnold,  1848-1888.  Collected  and 
arranged  by  George  W.  E.  Russell.  New  edition  in  one 
volume ;  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  909.  Macmillan  Co. 
$2.25. 

Counsel  upon  the  Reading  of  Books.  By  H.  Morse 
Stephens,  Agnes  Repplier,  Arthur  T.  Hadley,  Brander 
Matthews,  Bliss  Perry,  and  H.  W.  Mabie.  With  Intro- 
duction by  Henry  van  Dyke.  12nio,  gilt  top,  pp.  306. 
Hough  ton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  $1.50. 


274 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


The  Smoking1  Car:  A.  Farce;  and  An  Indian  Giver:  A 
Comedy.  By  W.  D.  Howells.  Each  24mo.  Houghton, 
Mifflin  &  Co.  Each,  50  cts. 

English  Literature.  By  Stopford  A.  Brooke,  M.A.  With 
Chapters  on  English  Literature  (1832-1892)  and  on  Amer- 
ican Literature  by  George  R.  Carpenter.  16mo,  pp.  358. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.  net. 

Short  Story  Writing:  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Art  of 
the  Short  Story.  By  Charles  Raymond  Barrett,  Ph.B. 
12mo,  pp.  257.  Baker  &  Taylor  Co.  $1. 

The  Poetry  of  the  Psalms:  For  Readers  of  the  English 
Bible.  By  Henry  van  Dyke,  LL.D.  12mo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  25.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  60  cts. 

On  the  Exercise  of  Judgment  in  Literature.  By  W.  Basil 
Wprsfold.  With  frontispiece,  24mo,  pp.  98.  "Temple 
Primers."  Macmillan  Co.  40  cts. 

Books  that  Nourish  Us.  By  Annie  Russell  Marble.  12mo, 
pp.  26.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  35  cts. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 

Life  of  Francis  Parkman.    By  Charles  Haight  Farnham. 

With  photogravure  portraits,  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  394.  Little, 

Brown,  &  Co.    $2.50. 
Oliver  Cromwell.     By  Theodore  Roosevelt.  Ulna.,  8vo,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  260.    Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $2. 
Anthony,  Earl  of  Shaftesbury:  His  Life,  Unpublished 

Letters,  and  Philosophical  Regimen.   Edited  by  Benjamin 

Rand,  Ph.D.    With  portrait,  large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  535. 

Macmillan  Co.    $4. 
Paul  Jones,  Founder  of  the  American  Navy:  A  History. 

By  Augustus  C.  Buell.     In  2  vols.,  illus,,  12mo,  gilt  tops, 

uncut.     Charles  Scribner's  Sons.     $3. 
The  Real  David  Harum :   A  Sketch  of  "Dave"  Hannum 

of  Homer,  N.  Y.     By  Arthur  T.  Vance.    Illus.,  I2mo, 

pp.  123.    Baker  &  Taylor  Co.    75  cts. 

HISTORY. 

The  Boers  in  War:  The  Story  of  the  British-Boer  War  of 
1899-1900,  as  Seen  from  the  Boer  Side.  By  Howard  C. 
Hillegas.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  300.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
$1.50. 

The  Royal  Navy:  A  History  from  Earliest  Times  to  the 
Present.  By  Wm.  Laird  Clowes  and  others.  Vol.  V. 
Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  4to,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  623. 
Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $6.50  net. 

Source-Book  of  English  History:  Leading  Documents, 
together  with  Illustrative  Material  from  Contemporary 
Writers,  and  a  Bibliography  of  Sources.  By  Guy  Carleton 
Lee,  Ph.D.  8vo,  pp.  609.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

The  Monitor  and  the  Navy  under  Steam.  By  Frank  M. 
Bennett.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  369.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 
$1.50. 

The  Meaning  of  History,  and  Other  Historical  Pieces.  By 
Frederic  Harrison.  New  edition;  12mo,  pp.  482.  Mac- 
millan Co.  $1.75. 

NSW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

The  Valois  Romances.  Trans,  from  the  French  of  Alex- 
andre  Dumas.  Three  vols.,  comprising:  Marguerite  de 
Valois,  Forty-five  Guardsmen,  and  Dame  de  Monsoreau. 
Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  by  Frank  T.  Merrill.  8vo, 
gilt  tops.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  $4.50. 

Complete  Poetical  Works  of  Robert  Burns.  With  bio- 
graphical Introduction,  Notes,  and  Glossary.  In  2  vols., 
illus.  in  photogravure,  8vo,  gilt  tops.  T.  Y.  Crowell  & 
Co.  $4. 

Complete  Poetical  Works  of  Geoffrey  Chaucer.  With 
Introduction  by  Thomas  R.  Lounsbury.  In  2  vols..  illus. 
in  photogravure,  8vo,  gilt  tops.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co. 
$4. 

Shakespeare's  As  You  Like  It.  Illus.  in  photogravure 
and  decorated  by  Will  H.  Low.  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  130.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  82.50. 

Complete  Poetical  Works  of  Elizabeth  Barrett  Brown- 
ing, "  Cambridge  "  edition.  With  portrait  and  vignette, 
8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  530.  Honghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  $2. 

The  Oregon  Trail :  Sketches  of  Prairie  and  Rocky-Moun- 
tain Life.  By  Francis  Parkman  ;  illus.  by  Frederic  Rem- 
ington. 8vo,  pp.  411.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $2. 

John  Halifax,  Gentleman.  By  Dinah  Maria  Mulock  (Mrs. 
Craik);  illus.  in  colors  by  W.  Cubitt  Cooke,  L.  M.  Fisher, 
and  F.  C.  Tilney.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  421.  "Illus- 
trated Romances."  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.75. 


Treasure  Island.  By  Robert  Louis  Stevenson ;  illus.  by 
Wai  Paget.  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  388.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $1.25. 

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284 


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HANS  CHRISTIAN  ANDERSEN'S  FAIRY  TALES  AND  STORIES. 

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A  superb  volume,  prepared  under  the  patronage  of  the  Danish  Government,  and  issued  simultaneously 

in  Jive  countries.     Imperial  quarto,  nearly  500  pages.     Price,  $5.00. 

'THE  approach  of  the  centenary  of  the  birth  of  the  famous  Danish  story-teller  is  commemorated  by  the 
issue  of  a  monumental  edition  of  his  best  work,  illustrated  by  the  greatest  living  Danish  artist,  Hans 
Tegner.  The  preparation  of  these  illustrations  has  occupied  eleven  years,  and  the  original  pictures,  after 
being  exhibited  in  Paris,  are  to  be  shown  in  London,  and  later,  probably,  in  New  York.  Their  ultimate 
resting  place  will  be  the  Copenhagen  Museum.  Mr,  Edouard  Detaille  declares  Mr.  Tegner's  work  to  be  a 
veritable  national  monument.  The  work  will  be  issued  in  Denmark,  France,  Germany,  England  and  America. 
For  the  English  edition  an  entirely  new  translation  has  been  made  by  Mr.  Brsekstad  ;  and  Mr.  Edmund 
Gosse,  who  enjoyed  the  personal  friendship  of  the  poet,  furnishes  the  introduction.  The  full-page  pictures 
are  wood-engravings,  the  smaller  pictures  being  actinic  reproductions  of  the  artist's  work. 

NEW  ISSUES  IN  THE  THUMB-NAIL  SERIES. 

Exquisite  little  books  in  stamped  leather  bindings,  $1.00  each. 

EPICTETUS.  MOTIFS. 

Selections  from  the  Discourses,  with  the  Enchiri-          By  E.  SCOTT  O'CONNOR.  A  volume  of  apothegms 

dion,  newly  translated,  by  BENJAMIN  E.  SMITH,  from  on  life,  love,  friendship,  death,  and  other  vital  themes, 

the  Greek.     There  is  a  literary  charm  about  the  similar  to  the  author's  earlier  volume  of  "  Tracings  " 

recorded  sayings  of  the  Roman  stoic  that  is  not  in  the  same  series.      In  a  characteristically  clever 

present  in  all  such  handbooks,  and  the  translator  has  introduction  Miss  Agnes  Repplier  pays  a  deserved 

successfully  sought  to  preserve  this  quality.  tribute  to  the  author's  talent  for  epigram. 

RAB   AND    HIS    FRIENDS,   AND   OUR   DOGS. 

By  JOHN  BROWN.  The  gentle  Scottish  doctor,  who  had  seen  and  remembered  Scott  and  Christopher  North, 
and  was  a  friend  of  Thackeray,  finds  a  sympathetic  biographer  in  Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  a  brother  Scot,  whose 
"  Dr.  Brown  "  forms  an  introduction  to  these  reprints  of  two  famous  and  delightful  stories. 

DR.   NORTH   AND   HIS   FRIENDS. 

Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell's  Latest  Book. 

/^NE  must  have  lived  long  and  been  born  with  keen  faculties  of  observation  and  reflection  to  have  laid  by 
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not,  strictly  speaking,  autobiographical,  it  embodies  much  that  has  fallen  within  the  writer's  own  experience. 
A  simple  thread  of  romance  gives  unity  to  the  record  of  walks  and  talks,  but  the  character  of  the  work  is 
such  that  one  may  dip  into  it  anywhere  for  a  half  hour's  mental  refreshment.  Decorative  cover  design, 
gold  on  green,  12  mo,  about  400  pages,  $1.50. 

COLONIAL   DAYS  AND  WAYS. 

By  Helen  Evertson  Smith. 

A  N  entertaining  description  of  life  in  the  colony  days,  founded  upon  family  letters,  discovered  in  the  garret 
**•  of  the  Smith  homestead  at  Sharon,  Connecticut  (built  in  1765),  and  going  back  some  two  hundred  years. 
Some  of  the  interesting  chapters  describe  early  conditions  in  New  York  and  in  the  manor  houses  along  the 
Hudson  River.  With  frontispiece  drawing  by  Henry  Fenn  and  decorations  by  T.  Guernsey  Moore.  8vo, 
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attractive  one: 

THE  FOREST  SCHOOLMASTER 

The  Author  is 

PETER   ROSSEGER 

And  the  authorized  translator  from  the  German  original  is  FRANCES  E.  SKINNER. 
While  the  story  of  The  Forest  Schoolmaster  deals  largely  with  Nature,  it  is  a  study 
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By  E.  DENISON  Ross,  Professor  of  Persian  in  the  University  of 
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No.  345.    NOVEMBER  1,  1900.    Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


CHARLES  DUDLEY  WARNER 


PAGE 

.  293 


THE  MADISON  LIBRARY 294 

TENDENCIES  OP  AMERICAN  LITERATURE 
IN  THE  CLOSING  QUARTER  OF  THE 
CENTURY.  Charles  Leonard  Moore  ....  295 

COMMUNICATION 297 

American  and  English  Poets.     George  S.  Hellman. 

MORLEY'S    AND    ROOSEVELT'S    CROMWELL. 

E.  G.  J. 298 

THE    BEGINNINGS    OF    A    GREAT    SCHOOL. 

B.  A.  Hinsdale 301 

GIRLHOOD  MEMORIES  OF  MADAME  ROLAND. 

Josiak  Renick  Smith 303 

THE  LATEST  BOOKS  ON  CHINA.     Wallace  Rice  305 
Colquhoun's  Russia  against  India.  —  Smyth's  The 
Crisis  in  China.  — Speer's  The  Situation  in  China.  — 
Wildman's  China's  Open  Door.  —  Hannah's  A  Brief 
History  of  Eastern  Asia. 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  ...  306 
Miss  Potter's  Uncanonized.  —  Miss  Nixon's  God,  the 
King,  My  Brother.  —  Brady's  The  Grip  of  Honor.— 
Stephens's  Philip  Winwood.— Altsheler's  In  Circling 
Camps.  —  Castle's  Consequences.  —  Barrio's  Tommy 
and  Grizel.  — White's  The  West  End.  — Holland's 
Marcelle  of  the  Quarter. —  Hamilton's  The  Dishonor 
of  Frank  Scott.  —  Sheehan's  My  New  Curate.— 
Besant's  The  Alabaster  Box. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 309 

Mr.  Lang's  history  of  Scotland.  —  Domestic  life  in 
New  England  in  the  eighteenth  century. —  An  excel- 
lent biography  of  Paul  Jones.  —  A  serviceable  refer- 
ence book  of  Russian  history. — New  series  of  English 
classics  for  school  use.  —  The  law  in  its  relation  to 
physicians.  —  Written  from  the  Wall  street  point  of 
view.  —  Genesis  of  the  hero  of  a  popular  novel. — 
Short  lives  of  great  Americans. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 311 

NOTES 312 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 313 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS 313 


CHARLES  DUDLEY  WARNER. 

The  death  of  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  on 
the  nineteenth  of  October,  removed  a  conspic- 
uous figure  from  the  rapidly-thinning  ranks  of 
our  older  authors,  causing  heartfelt  grief  to 
the  thousands  of  his  personal  acquaintances 
and  the  tens  of  thousands  of  his  friendly  read- 
ers. Among  our  men  of  letters,  the  oldest 
group  now  represented  among  the  living  is 
the  one  which  was  born  in  the  third  decade  of 
the  century,  and  to  that  group  Mr.  Warner 
belonged.  It  was  a  notable  set  of  men,  for  it 
included  among  the  dead  such  names  as  Park- 
man,  Curtis,  Boker,  Taylor,  Frothingham, 
White,  Child,  Winthrop,  Bead,  Hayne,  and 
Johnston,  and  still  happily  includes  among  the 
living  the  honored  names  of  Dr.  Edward 
Everett  Hale,  Mr.  Donald  G.  Mitchell,  Col. 
T.  W.  Higginson,  Mr.  Charles  G.  Leland, 
Mr.  Richard  H.  Stoddard,  Mr.  Henry  C.  Lea, 
Mr.  Charles  Eliot  Norton,  and  Dr.  S.  Weir 
Mitchell.  With  the  last-named  of  these  men 
Mr.  Warner  was  exactly  contemporary,  hav- 
ing 1829  for  the  year  of  his  birth. 

Mr.  Warner's  long  and  busy  career  in- 
cluded many  things  besides  literature  in  its 
activities,  and  for  some  time,  at  least,  the  pur- 
suit of  letters  was  rather  an  incidental  occu- 
pation than  a  chosen  vocation.  Born  in 
Massachusetts,  he  was  educated  in  New  York, 
and  was  graduated  from  Hamilton  in  1851. 
Meanwhile,  he  had  been  a  druggist's  assistant 
and  a  post-office  clerk,  and  was  ambitious  to 
become  a  Congressman.  He  went  to  Missouri 
with  a  surveyor's  party,  returned  to  civilization 
to  study  law  at  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  then  practiced  his  profession  in  Chi- 
cago. Just  before  the  Civil  War  he  was 
invited  to  an  editorial  position  by  his  friend, 
Mr.  Joseph  R.  Hawley  of  the  Hartford 
"  Press."  When  Mr.  Hawley  took  the  field, 
his  young  assistant  was  left  in  charge  of  the 
paper,  which  afterwards  became  merged  in  the 
Hartford  "  Courant,"  with  Mr.  Warner  as  one 
of  the  owners.  This  journalistic  connection 
was  continued  through  the  rest  of  his  life, 
although  he  freed  himself  from  the  routine 
work  in  his  later  years. 

Mr.  Warner's  graduation  from  journalism 


294 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


into  literature  may  be  said  to  date  from  the 
publication,  in  1870,  of  "  My  Summer  in  a 
Garden."  This  book  consisted  of  sketches 
that  had  been  written  for  the  "  Courant,"  and 
which  achieved  instant  success  when  they  ap- 
peared in  book  form.  Even  the  English  public 
was  won,  and  the  "  Quarterly  Review  "  said  of 
the  book  that  "  Charles  Lamb  might  have 
written  it  if  he  had  had  a  garden."  This  vol- 
ume was  soon  followed  by  "  Saunterings," 
«'  Backlog  Studies,"  "  Baddeck  and  That  Sort 
of  Thing,"  "  Being  a  Boy,"  »  In  the  Wilder- 
ness," "  My  Winter  on  the  Nile,"  and  "  In  the 
Levant,"  all  published  during  the  seventies, 
besides  a  share  in  the  writing  of  "  The  Gilded 
Age."  The  essay,  descriptive  or  sentimental, 
had  become  his  favorite  form  of  composition, 
and  he  infused  into  these  books  no  small 
amount  of  genial  humor  and  delicate  criticism 
of  things  and  scenes,  of  men  and  books.  At 
a  later  period,  his  essay-writing  was  done 
chiefly  for  "  Harper's  Magazine,"  in  whose 
pages  he  held  monthly  discourse  for  many 
years  —  the  sort  of  writing  which  we  find  in 
his  two  small  volumes,  "  As  We  Were  Say- 
ing "  and  "  As  We  Go."  As  editor  of  the 
"  American  Men  of  Letters  "  series,  he  dis- 
played good  judgment  in  his  selection  of  writ- 
ers, and  himself  undertook  the  biography  of 
Irving,  which  is  one  of  the  most  satisfactory 
volumes  of  the  collection.  He  was  the  nom- 
inal editor  of  the  "  Library  of  the  World's 
Best  Literature,"  although  his  brother,  Mr. 
George  H.  Warner,  shouldered  most  of  the 
detail  of  this  editorial  undertaking.  His  for- 
eign travels,  illustrated  by  two  titles  already 
given,  are  still  further  recorded  in  the  pages 
of  "  A  Roundabout  Journey,"  but,  on  the 
whole,  he  preferred  the  investigation  of  his 
own  country  to  his  European  saunterings,  and 
his  numerous  trips  through  different  regions 
of  the  United  States  bore  fruit  in  such  books 
as  "Their  Pilgrimage,"  "On  Horseback," 
"Our  Italy,"  and  "Studies  in  the  South  and 
West." 

Charming  as  are  these  many  volumes  of 
essays  and  impressions  de  voyage,  we  are  in- 
clined to  believe  that  Mr.  Warner  made  his 
most  enduring  contribution  to  literature  when 
he  wrote,  during  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life, 
the  series  of  three  novels  which  provide  so 
suggestive  a  portrayal  of  what  American  life 
has  become  in  its  older  centres  of  civilization, 
and  in  these  latter  days  of  frenzied  commercial- 
ism and  pitiful  social  ideals.  "A  Little  Journey 
in  the  World,"  "The  Golden  House,"  and 


"  That  Fortune,"  make  up  a  sort  of  novel- 
trilogy  which  will  always  have  deep  interest  as 
a  set  of  social  documents,  and  which  comes 
near  to  the  high- water  mark  of  American 
fiction.  There  is  in  these  books  a  riper  thought 
and  a  deeper  humanity  than  were  wont  to 
characterize  the  author's  earlier  writings ;  if 
they  are  lacking  in  the  quality  that  goes  to  the 
making  of  the  best  class  of  novels,  it  is  because 
they  are  essentially  the  product  of  the  critical 
rather  than  of  the  creative  intellect.  But  their 
mellow  optimism,  and  their  persistent  exalta- 
tion of  ideals  of  conduct  that  have  gone  too 
much  out  of  fashion  of  late  years,  give  these 
three  novels  a  place  all  but  the  highest  in  our 
fiction,  and  set  a  worthy  crown  upon  the  activ- 
ities of  a  long  and  helpful  life. 

Mr.  Warner  was  what  is  known  as  a  public- 
spirited  man.  His  energies  were  enlisted  in 
behalf  of  many  good  causes,  from  abolition  to 
prison  reform,  from  the  Egypt  Exploration 
Fund  to  the  Park  Commission  of  his  adopted 
city.  Many  topics  of  education  and  social 
science  engaged  both  his  pen  and  his  tongue, 
for  he  was  a  ready  public  speaker,  at  once 
genial  and  forcible  in  the  presentation  of  what- 
ever cause  might  have  enlisted  his  convictions. 
The  city  of  Chicago  remembered  him  as  a 
young  lawyer  in  the  fifties,  and  welcomed  him 
upon  his  many  subsequent  visits.  And  the 
Twentieth  Century  Club  of  this  city  is  proud 
of  the  fact  that  he  was  the  first  speaker  to 
address  its  members,  when  it  was  organized 
eleven  years  ago.  The  place  which  his  death 
has  left  vacant  in  our  literary  life  will  not 
easily  be  filled,  and  the  circles  that  may  know 
his  living  presence  no  more  will  long  hold  his 
personality  in  affectionate  remembrance. 


THE  MADISON  LIBRARY. 

The  capital  city  of  Wisconsin  was  busy,  week 
before  last,  with  a  peculiarly  interesting  celebration. 
The  great  library  building,  which  has  been  in 
process  of  erection  for  several  years,  was  formally 
opened  for  the  use  of  students,  and  its  dedication 
to  the  service  of  scholarship  was  signalized  by  fitting 
ceremonies,  including  a  masterly  address  by  Mr. 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  the  chosen  guest  of  the 
occasion.  This  building,  which  embodies  the  most 
advanced  .principles  of  library  construction,  is  the 
joint  property  of  the  State  University  and  the 
State  Historical  Society,  and  provides  suitable 
shelter  for  the  collections  of  both  institutions  — 
collections  which  comprise  in  the  neighborhood  of 
three  hundred  thousand  bound  volumes  and  pam- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


295 


phlets,  exceptionally  rich  in  materials  for  the  study 
of  American  history.  The  building  itself  takes  its 
place  in  the  front  rank  of  what  we  may  call  the 
second  group  of  library  structures.  It  is  not  to  be 
compared  for  cost  or  dimensions  with  the  Library 
of  Congress,  or  with  the  Public  Libraries  of  Boston 
and  Chicago,  or  with  the  great  Public  Library 
which  New  York  will  have  in  due  course  of  time. 
But  among  university  libraries,  its  position  is  prob- 
ably second  only  to  the  building  which  Columbia 
University  owes  to  the  munificence  of  its  President. 
At  all  events,  it  is  a  noble  structure,  and  its  posses- 
sion may  well  be  a  matter  of  civic  pride  to  the 
commonwealth  which  has  borne  the  cost  of  its 
erection. 

The  special  note  of  the  Madison  dedication  was 
historical,  and  this  emphasis  is  fully  justified  both 
by  the  fact  that  the  department  of  history  is  one  of 
the  strongest  in  the  University,  and  by  the  fact  that 
the  State  Historical  Society  claims  about  two-thirds 
of  the  collection  of  books  now  permanently  housed. 
We  may  say  further  that  it  was  to  American  his- 
tory, rather  than  to  history  in  general,  that  the 
building  was  dedicated,  and,  if  it  be  not  invidious 
to  mention  names,  that  it  stands  in  some  measure 
as  a  monument  to  the  distinguished  services  ren- 
dered to  this  department  of  American  scholarship 
by  Professor  Frederick  J.  Turner  of  the  University 
and  President  Reuben  G.  Thwaites  of  the  Histor- 
ical Society.  To  these  men,  and  to  the  scholars 
who,  in  other  centres  of  learning,  have  for  the  past 
quarter-century  been  engaged  in  examining  the 
materials  of  American  history,  much  gratitude  is 
due ;  for  they  have  bestowed  upon  their  subject  a 
dignity  in  which  it  was  previously  lacking,  and  have 
made  it  a  new  force  in  the  educational  and  intel- 
lectual life  of  our  nation. 


TENDENCIES  OF  AMERICAN  LITERATURE 
Iff  THE  CLOSING  QUARTER  OF  THE  CENTURY. 

Among  those  who  lead  the  strenuous  life  — 
which  seems  to  mean  strenuously  blowing  one's 
own  horn  as  it  has  never  been  done  before,  at  least 
not  since  the  Jews  toppled  over  the  walls  of  a  city 
with  the  sounding  of  their  trumpets  —  among 
these  it  is  easy  to  award  the  victor's  crown. 
Superior  strenuousness  tells  instantly,  and  gets  its 
reward.  But  the  contests  of  literature  are  not 
to  be  decided  off-hand.  Contemporary  fame  is 
usually  temporary  fame ;  and  a  quarter-century  is 
too  short  a  time  for  forming  a  safe  opinion.  The 
contemporary  critic,  indeed,  has  a  task  not  unlike 
that  of  Joan  D'Arc,  when  she  was  brought  into 
the  throng  of  kingly-attired  courtiers  and  bidden 
distinguish  the  true  king.  One  should  be  a  prophet, 
or  inspired,  to  attempt  the  business.  It  is  much 
easier  to  try  to  point  out  some  of  the  tendencies  of 
the  literature  under  review,  to  show  what  material 
it  has  dealt  with,  and  in  what  spirit. 

The  death  of  Lowell  may  perhaps  be  taken  as 


the  sign  of  dismissal  of  our  great  literary  past. 
He  was  of  the  giant  race  before  the  flood.  He  was 
the  rear-guard  of  our  Grand  Army  of  poets  and 
thinkers  which  for  awhile  conquered  and  possessed 
the  somewhat  frozen  waste  of  American  life.  He 
was  the  last,  or  almost  the  last,  of  the  men  of  im- 
agination, and  he  survived  on  a  good  while  into 
the  time  of  the  men  of  fact.  In  one  or  two  of  his 
latest  essays,  he  seems  in  a  rather  puzzled  way  to 
be  trying  to  get  his  bearings  in  the  new  and  alien 
world  around  him.  A  few  inheritors  of  the  old 
faith  remain — Mr.  Stedman,  Mr.  Stoddard,  Mr. 
Aldrich,  and  Mr.  Gilder  ;  but  they  have  been  unable 
to  make  head  against  the  powers  that  thrust  even 
Lowell  into  something  like  literary  obscurity  in  his 
final  years. 

In  his  essay  on  Gray,  Lowell  remarks  that  there 
was  a  spiritual  east-wind  blowing  in  that  writer's 
time,  under  which  no  poet  could  flower.  The  last 
quarter- century  in  American  literature  is  like  a 
piece  of  the  English  eighteenth  century  dropped 
into  ours.  There  is  the  same  subsidence  of  passion, 
the  same  treatment  of  imagination  as  a  sort  of  a 
poor-relation  whom  it  were  dangerous  to  encourage, 
the  same  turning  from  philosophy  to  fact.  The 
English  eighteenth  century  took  long  cooling 
draughts  of  skepticism  and  rational  Theism,  to 
soothe  the  fever  in  its  blood  and  lay  the  ghosts  in 
its  brain.  We  have  had  the  anaconda  feast  of 
Evolution  to  make  us  lethargic  and  comfortable. 
Both  epochs  are  notable  for  the  refusal  to  be 
bothered  with  the  mysterious  and  unknown,  and 
for  their  cheerful  facing  of  the  workaday  world. 
For  religion  —  the  intense  and  possibly  selfish 
passion  for  saving  one's  own  soul  —  they  both  sub- 
stituted politics  and  philanthropy  —  the  lively 
interest  in  keeping  alive  and  directing  the  bodies 
of  our  neighbors.  Solitude  on  the  mountain  heights 
has  seemed  to  both  ages  a  little  ridiculous,  and 
society  in  the  cities  more  suited  to  their  turn  of 
mind. 

The  chief  note  in  eighteenth  century  literature 
was  humor;  and  this  is  paralleled  by  our  recent 
work.  In  neither  case  is  it  humor  of  the  world- 
shaking  sort,  the  humor  which  Socrates  must  have 
had  in  mind  when  he  said  that  the  tragic  and  comic 
poet  should  be  one.  Bather  it  is  the  humor  of 
hearty  good- sense,  of  gentle  irony,  or  of  almost 
apologetic  satire.  It  has  produced  the  books  of 
that  Daily  Life  which  FitzGerald  found  so  insuf- 
ferable in  practice.  Pope  and  Johnson  and  Gold- 
smith and  Jane  Austen  are  great  apostles  of  the 
religion  of  common-sense  —  the  doctrine  of  houses 
with  roofs  to  them,  and  clothes  without  holes  in 
them,  and  a  working  code  of  morals ;  and  so, 
allowing  for  differences  of  time  and  talent,  are  Mr. 
Howells  and  Mr.  James.  The  literature  of  common- 
sense  is  sound  and  wholesome  enough  —  but  it 
is  a  trifle  obvious.  We  all  know  that  we  must 
work  or  starve,  and  that  we  have  got  to  be  toler- 
ably good  or  the  police  will  get  us.  Surely  the 
main  use  of  art  and  literature  is  to  lift  man  up  — 


296 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


intoxicate  him,  and  make  him  forget  the  curse  of 
Adam.  We  want  to  be  taken  out  of  ourselves  — 
or,  rather,  we  want  to  realize  our  better  selves  of 
which  we  are  conscious  ;  and  so  we  sympathize  far 
more  with  the  exceptional  than  with  the  common- 
place. This  natural  instinct  has  been  sadly  starved 
by  our  late  literature.  Mr.  Howells  has  exiled  the 
Exceptional  Character  from  bis  novels,  and  pursued 
him  with  fury  in  his  criticism.  It  is  a  striking  tes- 
timony to  his  force,  that  he  has  compelled  us  to 
accept  the  trivial  and  uninteresting  as  important. 
Partly  the  tendency  of  the  times  was  with  him, 
partly  his  unceasing  polemic  compelled  attention, 
and  partly  the  ease  and  lightness  of  his  work  won 
conviction.  He  is,  indeed,  the  most  easily  read 
author  of  the  day.  And  Mr.  James  is  the  cleverest. 
The  mania  of  cleverness  is  in  him  more  than  in 
Mr.  Meredith.  For  my  part,  I  never  realized  that 
human  nature  was  so  complex  and  subtle,  that  the 
average  citizen  or  ordinary  baggage  in  muslin  car- 
ried about  with  them  such  immeasurable  meaning. 
After  puzzling  over  Mr.  James's  hieroglyphics, 
there  is  something  to  be  said  for  the  old  black-and- 
white  treatment  of  human  nature. 

If  these  two  novelists  have  been  the  Cabinet 
Ministers  of  our  recent  literature,  Mr.  Bret  Harte 
has  been  the  Leader  of  the  Opposition.  Humor  is  his 
characteristic,  too ;  or  else  his  delight  in  wild  scenes 
and  characters,  his  ability  to  mould  in  the  round 
his  hunks  of  human  nature  and  original  sin,  might 
have  lifted  him  to  the  heights  of  tragedy  or  romance. 
Humor  is  of  course  the  essence  of  Mr.  Stockton's 
art,  a  humor  of  queer  contorted  common-sense. 
Mr.  Cable  is  another  humorist,  and  perhaps  the 
most  artistic  of  all,  unless  Mr.  Hopkinson  Smith 
matches  him.  This  last  writer's  "  Colonel  Carter  " 
is  worthy  of  a  place  on  the  shelf  with  the  "  Vicar 
of  Wakefield."  Mr.  Page  is  a  humorist  with  pathos, 
and  Mr.  Joel  Chandler  Harris  a  humorist  with  pro- 
fundity. Mr.  Chambers  is  an  artist-humorist  of 
exquisite  gifts.  Humor  which  recurs  so  persistently 
in  all  these  writers  has  become  a  profession  to  a 
legion  of  others  whom  it  is  needless  to  name.  Their 
work  is  almost  the  least  satisfactory  product  of 
American  energy.  It  is  funny,  it  is  grotesque,  it 
is  rib  tickling ;  but  it  is,  after  all,  only  the  supreme 
effort  of  the  clown  with  the  horse-collar.  One  feels 
that  the  dignity  of  human  nature  is  violated  by  it. 
A  good  deal  of  Mark  Twain's  earlier  work  was  of 
this  type,  and  in  fact  he  might  almost  be  credited 
with  or  accused  of  originating  it.  But  the  creator 
of  the  immortal  "  Tom  Sawyer  "  and  "  Huckleberry 
Finn  "  has  soared  far  above  his  imitators,  and  given 
us  classics  of  pure  delight. 

A  second  note  of  the  eighteenth  century  was  the 
predominance  of  historical  writing.  The  greatest 
history  since  the  ancients,  the  best  biography  in  the 
world,  and  some  of  the  best  memoirs,  were  the 
product  of  that  time.  This  historic  activity  is 
equalled  in  quantity,  if  not  in  quality,  in  recent 
American  literature.  Dr.  Fiske,  Professor  Mc- 
Master,  Mr.  Rhodes,  Mr.  Bancroft,  and  others,  have 


reared  monuments  of  industry  and  research  as  im- 
posing in  mass  and  extent  as  the  pyramids  or  the 
Great  Wall  of  China.  I  must  frankly  confess  that 
I  have  only  the  slightest  acquaintance  with  these 
spacious  and  minute  works.  What  knowledge  I 
have  of  them  leads  me  to  think  them  chronicles 
rather  than  histories.  Their  authors  give  every- 
thing. None  of  them  has  the  courage  and  cheerful 
good  heart  of  Gibbon,  who  was  capable  of  saying, 
"  Nothing  important  happened  in  this  century,"  or 
"The  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  crusades  were  only 
repetitions  of  the  first,  second,  and  third."  I  am 
willing  to  allow  our  historians  every  merit  in  the 
world  save  that  of  felicity  of  subject.  Two  of 
America's  earlier  historians,  Prescott  and  Parkman, 
fell  heir  to  themes  which  must  always  thrill  and 
fascinate.  That  so  much  can  be  said  for  the  re- 
corders of  our  last  hundred  and  fifty  years,  is  more 
than  doubtful.  America  wears  Benjamin  Franklin 
in  her  disposition  ;  "  Poor  Richard  "  has  made  a 
continent  prosaic.  It  is  not  that  we  have  lacked 
great  deeds  and  great  men ;  on  the  contrary,  it  is 
because  we  have  had  a  certain  level  prosperity  of 
luck  in  both,  that  single  figures  and  actions  are  left 
without  relief.  There  is  a  story  of  a  man  who  lost 
his  shadow.  America  is  in  somewhat  like  case. 
The  want  of  any  shading  in  the  popular  presenta- 
tion of  the  protagonists  of  our  history  has  long  been 
felt.  Professor  McMaster  a  good  while  ago  gave 
Franklin  a  judicious  touch  of  black,  and  recent 
memoir  writers  have  eagerly  followed  suit.  The 
Real  Franklin,  the  Real  Penn,  the  Real  Lafayette, 
have  been  presented  to  us.  The  authors  of  these 
studies  have  cut  out  and  fitted  to  their  heroes  the 
most  artistic  shadows  in  graduated  tints.  But 
somehow  they  do  not  seem  to  succeed.  One  seems 
still  to  see  the  old  heroes  going  about  in  their  pre- 
vious ghost-like  state,  and  anxiously  inquiring  of 
each  other,  "Have  you  seen  my  shadow  lately?" 
or,  "Is  my  halo  on  straight?"  Absolute  uncon- 
scious delight  in  human  nature  in  all  its  manifesta- 
tions is  the  first  law  of  creative  art.  Historians 
are  mostly  bad  artists  because  they  have  to  praise 
or  blame.  Possibly  our  new  school  of  historic  ro- 
mance is  to  do  for  American  history  what  Shake- 
speare and  Scott  did  for  England. 

Our  recent  period  again  resembles  the  eighteenth 
century  in  its  interest  in  education.  Cold  epochs 
always  believe  in  education  and  training.  When 
men's  blood  is  hot  with  passion,  when  their  brains 
are  flushed  with  poetry  and  their  lives  filled  with 
romance,  they  can  educate  themselves.  The  ten- 
dency of  our  education  has  been  toward  the  con- 
crete, the  real,  the  practical ;  we  have  shunned  the 
abstract  and  the  universal.  There  are  not  lacking 
signs  that  educators  see  they  have  gone  too  far, 
that  they  have  been  training  parts  of  men  rather 
than  complete  ones,  that  instead  of  making  each 
man  a  world  in  himself  they  are  making  him  an 
insignificant  part  of  the  world  without.  We  may 
not  get  back  to  the  humanities  and  the  categories  as 
a  basis  of  education,  but  some  synthesis  will  come. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


297 


Another  note  of  our  literature  has  been  disper- 
sion. I  might  say  democracy,  —  but  democracy  is 
a  queer  thing,  and  comes  out  where  it  is  least  ex- 
pected, and  is  missed  where  it  is  most  looked  for. 
There  was  more  democracy  in  the  court  of  Louis 
XIV.  than  in  the  rich  bourgeois  circles  of  America. 
But  dispersion  —  the  lack  of  any  central  authority, 
of  any  place  of  congregation  for  authors,  or  any 
permanent  types  of  humanity  for  them  to  repre- 
sent,—  has  been  a  very  marked  feature  of  our 
time.  Every  nook  of  the  land  has  been  searched 
for  local  color,  every  dialect  has  been  phonographed, 
and  many  of  our  writers  have  seemed  to  think  that 
all  that  was  necessary  for  originality  was  a  new 
dislocation  of  language  or  a  delineation  of  novel 
crudity  of  human  nature. 

Humor,  historical  study,  education,  and  local 
exploitation, —  these  seem  to  me  the  main  lines  our 
literature  has  followed  for  the  last  quarter  century. 
The  note  of  great  poetry  has  been  unsounded,  or 
at  least  unheard.  It  may  be  that  some  of  the  many 
claimants  to  the  laurel  crown  will  yet  make  good 
their  title.  One  of  them, indeed,  Sydney  Lanier,  has 
friends  who  would  place  him  with  our  best.  I  can- 
not agree  with  this  estimate.  There  are  good  lines 
in  "The  Marshes  of  Glynn,"  and  some  bird-like 
movements  in  his  lyrics,  but  nothing  extraordinary, 
and  I  think  it  is  safe  to  say  that  there  are  twenty 
contemporary  verse-writers  who  have  done  more 
and  better  in  poetry  than  Lanier.  No  phrase  of 
his  has  passed  into  general  circulation — no  poem 
of  his  has  haunted  the  mind  of  the  world ;  and  he 
has  had  no  imitators  or  parodists.  He  has  been 
dead  long  enough  for  those  phenomena  which 
follow  great  poetry  to  appear.  They  have  not  ap- 
peared, and  I  must  enter  a  caveat  against  his  claim. 
His  book  on  "  The  Science  of  English  Verse  "  is 
equally  unsatisfactory.  Music  and  the  rhythm  of 
verse  are  alike  subject  to  the  laws  of  motion  or 
vibration  —  and  so  is  everything  else,  as  far  as  we 
can  find  out ;  but  that  poetry,  the  most  comprehen- 
sive of  the  arts,  is  a  sub-species  of  music,  as  Lanier 
would  imply,  is  a  far-fetched  fancy.  Rowland 
Sill's  most  melancholy  and  musical  verse  has  great 
charm ;  and  some  of  Emily  Dickinson's  rugged 
rhythms,  with  their  gleams  of  profound  insight  and 
their  revelation  of  a  personality  almost  as  strong 
and  strange  as  Emily  Bronte's,  are  like  to  live. 

Good  and  sound  and  of  excellent  workmanship 
is  the  great  mass  of  recent  American  literature ; 
but  as  the  idealist  gazes  on  it  he  seems  to  see  the 
vision  of  a  great  strand  whereon  some  tempest  has 
driven  a  fleet  of  deeply -laden  ships.  Everything  for 
human  needs  is  strewn  about  —  food  and  raiment, 
and  tools,  and  precious  objects.  And  many  of  the 
ships  are  seaworthy;  but  no  flood  comes  and  no 
wind  rises  to  waft  them  off  the  sand.  The  agitating 
power  of  poetry,  the  tempestuous  stir  of  great  ideas, 
are  wanting  to  make  the  fleet  march  again  in  tri- 
umph over  the  deep. 

There  have  been  times  when  the  things  of  the 
mind  or  soul  were  dominant  in  the  world  and  drew 


all  the  other  affairs  of  life  after  them.  They  are 
certainly  not  dominant  now.  We  are  industrial, 
we  are  commercial,  but  we  are  not  religious  or 
artistic.  Yet  we  are  very  well  satisfied  with  our 
civilization,  and  are  wanting,  with  our  English 
cousins,  to  impose  it  on  the  rest  of  the  world.  The 
rest  of  the  world  does  not  admire  it  as  much  as  we 
do.  The  magnificent  challenge  of  the  Boers  to  the 
British  Empire,  and  the  stand  of  our  own  purchased 
but  recalcitrant  Filipino  subjects,  show  that  our 
civilization  of  industrialism  and  commercialism  is 
not  satisfactory  or  desirable  to  those  peoples.  Our 
civilization  of  industrialism  and  commercialism  will 
probably  prevail  over  them.  It  may  prevail  over 
the  whole  of  the  world.  But  the  end  of  its  empire 
is  ennui  —  such  ennui  as  fell  upon  the  Romans 
when  the  few  ideals  of  that  prosaic  race  faded  and 
they  were  left  with  nothing  but  their  conquests  and 
their  riches.  CHARLES  LEONARD  MOORE. 


COMMUNICA  TION. 


AMERICAN  AND  ENGLISH  POETS. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  the  current  issue  of  THE  DIAL  the  article  based  on 
Mr.  Stedman's  "  American  Anthology  "  evidences  such 
sane  appreciation  of  the  highest  value  of  poetry,  and 
such  true  critical  insight,  that  it  seems  worth  while  to 
call  attention  to  a  statement  that  should  not  be  allowed 
to  go  unchallenged.  "  The  twelve  greatest  English 
poets,"  the  reviewer  says,  in  dwelling  on  the  last  hun- 
dred years  of  poetical  activity,  "  are  Keats,  Shelley, 
Byron,  Wordsworth,  Coleridge,  Landor,  Tennyson, 
Browning,  Arnold,  Rossetti,  Morris,  and  Mr.  Swin- 
burne. The  best  dozen  of  our  American  poets  are 
probably  Bryant,  Emerson,  Holmes,  Longfellow,  Lowell, 
Poe,  Whitman,  Whittier,  Lanier,  Taylor,  Mr.  Aldrich, 
and  Mr.  Stedman.  There  is  obviously  little  room  for 
comparison  between  the  two  groups.  From  the  stand- 
point of  disinterested  criticism  it  is  hardly  too  much  to 
say  that  in  absolute  value  every  one  of  the  English 
group  outweighs  the  best  of  the  American.  It  would 
require  an  excess  of  patriotic  zeal  to  dispute  a  conclu- 
sion so  obvious  to  the  impartial  observer." 

This  is  very  positive  language,  but  it  is  not  convincing. 
That  our  best  poets,  taken  as  a  class,  cannot  be  com- 
pared with  this  century's  group  of  great  Englishmen,  is 
indeed  undeniable.  Yet  on  what  grounds  does  THE 
DIAL  claim  a  higher  place  for  Morris  than  for  Poe?  or 
for  Arnold  than  for  Lowell?  The  writer  makes  manifest 
his  appreciation  of  the  value  of  the  inspiring  glow  and 
the  genial  warmth  to  be  found  in  the  work  of  our  poets 
who  "  warmed  both  hands  before  the  fire  of  life,"  with- 
out being  willing  to  give  forth  only  the  cold  beauty  of 
a  Landor,  or  the  narrow,  passionate  heat  of  a  Swin- 
burne; he  shows  clearly  that  in  his  statement  which  I 
have  quoted  he  is  thinking  of  what  may  be  called  the 
"  purely  artistic  "  side  of  poetry.  It  seems  difficult,  in 
a  question  of  "  absolute  value,"  to  omit  the  worth  of 
the  idealistic  essence  with  its  consequent  power  of 
effect,  its  thrill  of  inspiration;  but  granting  the  possi- 
bility of  critical  appreciation  that  shall  take  into  account 
only  the  "  artistic  "  qualities  of  verse,  the  question  still 
remains:  On  what  grounds  is  Poe  pronounced  inferior 


298 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


to  Morris,  or  Lowell  to  Arnold?  One  might  even  add: 
Does  not  Emerson,  in  his  highest  flights  of  lyric  rhap- 
sody, reach  heights  to  which  neither  of  the  English 
poets  whom  I  have  mentioned  ever  attained? 

The  reviewer  in  THE  DIAL  states  that  his  conclusion 
is  obvious  to  the  "  impartial  observer."  It  may  be  that 
that  rare  and  indefinite  being,  the  "  impartial  observer," 
whom  writers  so  willingly  invoke  to  attest  the  truth  of 
their  statements,  will  agree  to  the  suggestion  that  even 
a  thoughtful  and  excellent  critic  is  at  times  led  into  un- 
witting depreciation  of  his  country's  poets,  through  the 
fear  (perhaps  unconscious)  of  being  misled  by  "  patriotic 

zeal-"  GEORGE  S.  HELLMAN. 

New  York,  Oct.  S3,  1900. 

[We  can  have  no  quarrel  with  so  courteous  a 
critic,  nor  would  we  have  any  essential  quarrel 
were  his  position  more  bluntly  maintained.  By 
selecting  the  least  important  of  the  twelve  English 
poets  for  comparison  with  the  most  important  of 
the  twelve  Americans,  our  case  is  assailed  at  what 
is  undoubtedly  its  weakest  point.  The  judgment 
in  favor  of  the  transatlantic  poets  was  given  delib- 
erately, for  it  is  a  judgment  to  which  we  have  held 
for  years ;  but  the  inclination  of  the  balance  is 
slight,  and  in  such  a  case  the  element  of  personal 
opinion,  which  we  always  endeavor  to  exclude  as 
rigorously  as  possible,  may  possibly  have  been  the 
determining  factor.  For  the  rest,  in  the  two  in- 
stances adduced  by  our  critic  the  disparity  in  the 
volume  of  good  work  must  be  considered  in  any 
comparison  of  Morris  with  Foe ;  and,  in  a  com- 
parison of  Arnold  with  Lowell,  the  purer  form  and 
the  greater  lucidity  of  expression  that  characterize 
the  former  poet.  —  EDRS.  THE  DIAL.] 


0oks. 


MORLEY'S  AND  ROOSEVELT'S  CROMWELL,.* 


The  monographs  on  Oliver  Cromwell  writ- 
ten for  the  Century  and  Scribner's  magazines 
by  Mr.  John  Morley  and  Governor  Roosevelt, 
respectively,  make  their  nearly  simultaneous 
appearance  in  book  form,  with  all  the  original 
pictures.  Mr.  Morley's  volume  forms  the 
longer  and  more  elaborate  work  of  the  two ; 
and  while  its  magazine  origin  is  not  unappar- 
ent  throughout,  it  also  bears  throughout,  we 
need  hardly  say,  the  unmistakable  impress  of 
distinction  inseparable  from  this  fine  writer's 
work.  Like  all  Mr.  Morley's  essays  in  histor- 
ical biography  (and  where  are  better  ones  to 
be  found  ?),  the  life  of  Cromwell  is  a  study  not 
only  of  the  man,  but  also,  and  perhaps  even 

*  OLIVER  CROMWELL.  By  John  Morley,  M.P.  Illustrated. 
New  York :  The  Century  Co. 

OLIVER  CROMWELL.  By  Theodore  Roosevelt.  Illustrated. 
New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 


more  essentially,  of  his  times  and  the  spirit  of 
his  times. 

Governor  Roosevelt  has  plainly  found  in 
Cromwell,  as  a  remarkably  strenuous  char- 
acter who  entered  public  life  at  the  head  of 
a  corps  of  rough  riders,  a  subject  very  much 
to  his  mind  ;  and  he  has  treated  it  with  his 
usual  vim  and  downrightness,  and  with  as 
much  independence  of  view  as  a  theme  already 
so  well  canvassed  admits  of.  Governor  Roose- 
velt, while  seeing  in  the  Puritanism  of  Crom- 
wellian  times  the  dawn  of  the  new  order,  rather 
than  the  sunset  of  the  old  (the  "last  glimpse 
of  the  Godlike  vanishing  from  this  England," 
as  Carlyle  mournfully  put  it),  is  nevertheless 
not  quite  so  sure  —  nor,  indeed,  are  we  —  as 
some  are,  that  Oliver  himself  is  to  be  regarded 
as  the  shining  herald  and  morning-star  of  those 
free  institutions,  under  which  we,  in  our  more 
sanguine  moments,  rejoice  to  think  we  are 
living. 

Whether  Cromwell  personally  did  more  to 
advance  or  to  retard  those  institutions,  is  a 
question  on  both  sides  of  which,  as  Sancho 
Panza  used  to  say,  "  much  may  be  said."  At 
the  outset  he  stood  manfully  for  government 
by  discussion,  as  opposed  to  personal  rule  ;  but 
as  his  career  advanced,  and  power  came  to 
him,  grave  contradictions  appeared ;  and  as  a 
ruler  the  one  thing  that  can  with  absolute  cer- 
tainty be  said  of  him  is  that  he  had  his  own 
way.  Any  discussion,  parliamentary  or  other, 
that  happened  for  a  moment  to  block  that  way 
was  promptly  thrust  out  of  it ;  and  any  Hamp- 
den  who  "  with  dauntless  breast "  withstood 
the  proceeding  as  illegal,  was,  in  effect, 
promptly  extinguished  with  a  gruff  "  Leave  off 
your  fooling,  aud  come  down,  sir  !  "  as  was,  in 
fact,  luckless  Parson  Hitch  in  his  pulpit  at 
Ely.  True,  Cromwell  beheaded  a  king,  and 
prevented  Presbyterianism  from  playing  Laud 
in  the  realm  on  its  own  account ;  but  he  also, 
without  show  or  pretense  of  legality,  broke  up 
Parliament  after  Parliament,  and,  in  order  to 
get  a  Parliament  to  suit  him,  out-Tudored 
the  Tudors  by  setting  up  one  composed  of  his 
own  nominees  —  a  conclave  of  "  saints  "  which 
signed  its  own  death-warrant  the  moment  it 
manifested  a  disposition  to  act  on  its  own 
initiative,  and  without  the  sanction  of  its  im- 
perious creator ;  he  ground  Ireland  under  the 
heel  of  a  system  as  "  Thorough  "  as  Stratford's  ; 
he  hunted  down  Catholics  because  they  were 
Catholics  ;  he  trampled  on  Scotch  Presbytery  ; 
he  deprived  English  Episcopacy  of  its  Prayer- 
book,  and  thus  drove  half  England  to  celebrate 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


299 


its  cherished  sacraments  by  stealth  and  in 
secret  conventicles  —  a  fair  reprisal  under  the 
lex  talionis  for  the  doings  of  Laud,  perhaps,  but 
in  no  wise  an  instance  of  that  policy  of  tolera- 
tion which  he  professedly  championed,  and 
which  he  did  in  fact  champion  in  behalf  of 
such  sects  as  held  a  doctrine  and  practiced  a 
ritual  which  did  not  shade  off  too  sharply  from 
his  own.  Presbyterians,  Anabaptists,  Millen- 
narians,  Fifth  Monarchy  men,  sectaries  of  the 
wilder  sorts,  all  found  shelter  under  the  segis 
of  Oliver's  qualified  and  scrutinizing  tolerance  ; 
but  woe  to  the  creed  in  whose  ceremonial  was 
to  be  found  a  taint  of  Popish  practices  —  the 
brand  of  the  Scarlet  Woman. 

It  is  customary  to  regard  Cromwell  as  the 
great  and  triumphant  foe  of  the  theory  of 
"  divine  right  ";  and  such,  in  a  sense,  he  was. 
But  in  place  of  the  hereditary  divine  right  of 
Charles  Stuart  he  straightway  set  up  the  im- 
mediate divine  right  of  Oliver  Cromwell  —  a 
notion  quite  as  fatal  to  popular  liberties,  gov- 
ernment by  discussion,  taxation  by  consent  of 
the  taxables,  and  the  rest  of  it,  as  the  one  it 
displaced.  That  he  was  God's  chosen  instru- 
ment for  the  purification  and  uplifting  of 
England,  and  that  the  inward  promptings  of 
what  he  took  to  be  the  voice  of  God  had  a 
warrant  infinitely  superior  to  any  popular 
mandate  that  might  reach  him  through  the 
medium  of  Parliament,  was  a  conviction  that 
grew  in  intensity  with  every  victory,  from 
Marston  Moor  to  the  "  crowning  mercy  "  of 
Worcester.  "Now  let  God  arise,  and  His 
enemies  shall  be  scattered ! "  he  ejaculated 
exultingly  when  the  sun  rose  like  a  red  portent 
of  slaughter  over  the  North  Sea  at  Dunbar ; 
and  it  was  with  the  unsparing  sword  of  the 
Lord  of  Hosts  that  he  smote  the  Papists  at 
Drogheda  and  Wexford.  To  the  fact  that 
Cromwell's  utterances,  even  on  minor  occas- 
ions, were  full,  and  to  the  modern  sense  offen- 
sively and  suspiciously  so,  of  this  radical 
conviction  of  his,  is  largely  due  the  long  sur- 
vival of  the  Clarendonian  conception  of  him 
as  a  canting  rebel  and  usurper  masking  his 
ambitious  designs  in  a  cloak  of  sanctity.  The 
thesis  that  a  man  whose  speech  was  full  of 
Scripture,  but  whose  deeds  were  full  of  blood 
and  lawlessness,  was  a  hypocrite,  was  too 
plausible  a  one  to  be  easily  shaken  down. 
But  it  yielded  at  last  to  the  genius  and 
research  of  Carlyle  and  the  sound  sense  and 
firm  stroke  of  Macaulay.  Nobody  now  doubts 
Cromwell's  sincerity  or  his  patriotism.  But 
the  reaction  has  gone  far.  A  democratic  age, 


having  vindicated  Oliver,  must  needs  see  in 
him  not  only  the  sincere  man  and  patriotic 
statesman  who  strove  unceasingly  according 
to  his  lights  for  the  glory  of  God  and  the  good 
of  his  country,  but  the  herald  and  originator 
of  free  institutions.  Cromwell,  who  cut  the 
knot  of  every  constitutional  difficulty  with  his 
sword,  who  denounced  a  broad  suffrage  as 
"  tending  very  much  to  anarchy,"  who  clapped 
in  the  stocks  or  had  shot  those  who  prated  of 
equality,  who  treated  Parliament  with  con- 
tumely and  its  august  emblem  as  a  bauble, 
whose  rule,  in  short,  represented  in  an  extreme 
form  the  popular  bogey  personal  rule,  is  now 
revered  as  the  patron  saint  of  English  de- 
mocracy. 

It  is  quite  possible  that,  as  a  recent  writer 
urges,  Cromwell  had  a  theoretical  preference 
for  a  representative  form  of  government,  and 
that  had  he  succeeded  in  getting  a  House  of 
Commons  always  in  perfect  accord  with  his 
views  and  policy  he  would  have  worked 
smoothly  with  it,  and  lived  and  died  to  all 
appearance  no  more  than  its  first  minister  and 
mandatary.  But  this  is  hardly  a  safe  argument 
to  advance  in  support  of  Oliver's  alleged  lean- 
ings to  popular  rule  and  government  by  dis- 
cussion. To  act  with  Parliament  so  long  as  it 
agreed  with  him,  and  to  purge,  pack,  or  dissolve 
Parliament  the  moment  it  disagreed  with  him, 
was  as  characteristic  of  Cromwell  as  it  is  in- 
consistent with  any  just  notion  of  a  parlia- 
mentary ruler. 

The  fact  is  it  is  idle  to  try  to  definitely  label 
and  appropriate  Cromwell  as  the  champion  of 
this  or  that  ideal  theory  of  government.  He 
did  not  govern  England  according  to  some 
high-sailing  maxims  about  the  Rights  of  Man, 
but  according  to  his  own  conclusions  as  to  the 
deserts  and  capacities  of  Englishmen  as  he  saw 
them.  He  was  no  ideologist,  but  a  great  states- 
man and  soldier,  who  dealt  with  questions  as 
they  arose,  each  on  its  own  merits,  and  whose 
rule  fluctuated  in  stringency  with  the  needs  of 
the  hour.  Statesmanship  was  for  him  a  prac- 
tical business,  not  a  science  constructed  on  the 
mathematical  plan.  He  held  the  power,  and 
he  used  it  for  the  ordering  and  advancement 
of  his  country.  He  had,  indeed,  a  programme, 
of  a  very  practical  sort,  which  he  was  convinced 
was  the  right  one,  and  the  one  agreeable  in  the 
sight  of  God ;  and  he  was  determined  to  carry 
it  out.  To  that  end  he  seized  autocratic  power. 
It  may  be  that  in  the  long  run  his  ascendency 
made  for  free  government  and  freedom  of  re- 
ligious opinion,  for  he  struck  down  much  that 


300 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


stood  in  the  way  of  them ;  but  that  he  kept 
this  ideal  in  view  is  doubtful.  That  he  would 
have  sanctioned  a  government  wholly  purged 
of  theocracy,  is  more  than  doubtful.  We  may 
conjecture  that  were  a  second  Cromwell  to  ap- 
pear in  our  time,  the  national  imperialism  of 
the  day  would  find  in  him  a  formidable  and 
effective  chieftain.  But  the  effort  to  define 
and  class  him  in  the  interest  of  some  variety  of 
current  opinion,  or  even  of  historical  precision, 
leads  to  endless  debate  and  confusion.  Most 
current  views  of  him  are  defensible ;  none  is 
unchallengeable.  As  to  the  essential  nature 
of  the  work  he  did,  authorities  differ  radically. 
He  destroyed,  but  he  could  not  build,  says 
one ;  he  was  great  as  a  destroyer,  but  how 
much  greater  as  a  builder !  says  another.  His 
rule,  at  all  events,  was  that  of  the  sword.  Yet 
English  democracy  sees  in  him  its  progenitor 
and  patron  saint.  Mr.  Morley,  for  his  part, 
has  abstained  from  hard-and-fast  generaliza- 
tions ;  for,  he  says,  — 

"  The  thirst  after  broad  classifications  works  havoc  with 
truth;  and  to  insist  upon  long  series  of  unqualified  clencli- 
ers  in  history  and  biography  only  ends  in  confusing  ques- 
tions that  are  separate,  in  distorting  perspective,  in 
exaggerating  proportions,  and  in  falsifying  the  past  for 
the  sake  of  some  spurious  edification  of  the  present." 

Mr.  Morley's  essay  is  keyed  above  the  tone 
and  spirit  of  controversy ;  and  surely  the  time 
has  gone  by  for  wrangling  over  the  cause,  and 
weeping  or  rejoicing  over  the  fate  of  the  Stu- 
arts. What  is  wanted  now  is  the  clear  sight 
and  the  balanced  judgment  in  order  that  we 
may  come  at  last  to  the  right  historic  view  of 
that  great  drama  and  its  actors.  To  this  end, 
Mr.  Morley's  cool  and  dispassionate  pages  give 
valuable  aid.  The  keynote  of  his  treatment  of 
the  characters  of  the  leaders  on  both  sides  is 
indicated  in  the  following  paragraph : 

"  Just  as  the  historic  school  has  come  to  an  end  that 
despatched  Oliver  Cromwell  as  a  hypocrite,  so  we  are 
escaping  from  the  other  school  that  dismissed  Charles 
as  a  tyrant,  Laud  as  a  driveller  and  a  bigot,  and  Went- 
worth  as  an  apostate." 

Mr.  Morley  goes  on  to  say : 

"  That  Wentworth  passed  over  from  the  popular  to 
the  royalist  side,  and  that  by  the  same  act  he  improved 
his  fortunes  and  exalted  his  influence,  is  true.  But  there 
is  no  good  reason  to  condemn  him  of  shifting  the  found- 
ation of  his  views  of  national  policy.  He  was  never  a 
Puritan,  and  never  a  partisan  of  the  supremacy  of  Par- 
liament. By  temperament  and  conviction  he  was  a  firm 
believer  in  organized  authority.  .  .  .  Wentworth's  ideal 
was  centered  in  a  strong  state,  exerting  power  for  the 
common  good  ;  and  the  mainspring  of  a  strong  state 
must  be  a  monarch,  not  Parliament.  .  .  .  That  he  as- 
sociated the  elevation  of  his  own  personality  with  the 
triumph  of  what  he  took  for  the  right  cause,  is  a  weak- 
ness, if  weakness  it  be,  that  he  shares  with  some  of  the 


most  upright  reformers  that  have  ever  lived.  It  is  a 
chaste  ambition  if  rightly  placed,  he  said  at  his  trial, 
to  have  as  much  power  as  may  be,  that  there  may  be 
power  to  do  the  more  good  in  the  place  where  a  man 
lives.  .  .  .  He  was  devoted  to  friends,  never  weary  of 
taking  pains  for  them,  thinking  nothing  too  dear  for 
them.  If  he  was  extremely  choleric  and  impatient,  yet 
it  was  in  a  large  and  imperious  way.  He  had  energy, 
baldness,*  unsparing  industry  and  attention,  long-sigh  ted 
continuity  of  thought  and  plan,  lofty  flight,  and  as  true 
a  concern  for  order  and  the  public  service  as  Pym  or 
Oliver  or  any  of  them." 

Of  Charles's  desertion  of  this  faithful  ser- 
vant in  his  hour  of  mortal  danger,  Mr.  Morley 
says:  "Time  has  stamped  the  abandonment 
of  Strafford  with  an  ignominy  that  cannot  be 
washed  out."  As  to  Carlyle's  dictum  that  the 
act  of  the  English  regicides  "  did  in  effect 
strike  a  damp-like  death  through  the  heart  of 
Flunkyism  universally  in  this  world,"  Mr. 
Morley  observes : 

"  In  fact  the  very  contrary  of  Carlyle's  proposition 
as  to  death  and  damp  might  more  fairly  be  upheld. 
For  this  at  least  is  certain,  that  the  execution  of  Charles 
I.  kindled  and  nursed  for  many  generations  a  lasting 
flame  of  cant,  flunkyism,  or  whatever  else  might  be  the 
right  name  of  spurious  and  unmanly  sentimentalism, 
more  lively  than  is  associated  with  any  other  business 
in  our  whole  national  history." 

Discussing  the  fate  of  Charles,  Mr.  Morley 
says  in  conclusion: 

"  The  two  most  sensible  things  to  be  said  about  the 
trial  and  execution  of  Charles  I.  have  often  been  said 
before.  One  is  that  the  proceeding  was  an  act  of  war, 
and  was  just  as  defensible  or  just  as  assailable,  and  on 
the  same  grounds,  as  the  war  itself.  The  other  remark 
is  that  the  regicides  treated  Charles  precisely  as  Charles, 
if  he  had  won  the  game,  undoubtedly  promised  himself 
with  law  or  without  law  that  he  would  treat  them.  The 
author  of  the  attempt  upon  the  Five  Members  in  1642 
was  not  entitled  to  plead  punctilious  demurrers  to  the 
revolutionary  jurisdiction.  From  the  first  it  had  been 
My  head  or  thy  head,  and  Charles  had  lost." 

Robespierre,  in  a  rare  moment  of  hard  prac- 
tical insight,  at  once  defined  and  vindicated  in 
a  sentence  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI.  It 
was,  he  said,  "an  act  of  political  necessity"; 
and  we  know  of  no  better  apology  than  that 
for  the  course  of  the  earlier  regicides  who  con- 
trolled or  composed  Bradshaw's  motley  trib- 
unal. "  Stone-dead  hath  no  fellow,"  said  Essex, 
in  reply  to  the  proposals  for  merely  banishing 
Strafford ;  and  as  it  was  plain  to  all  that  there 
could  be  no  peace  for  England  until  Charles 
was  got  rid  of,  it  was  perhaps  for  the  best  that 
he  was  got  rid  of  completely  and  beyond  hope 
of  recall. 

Governor  Roosevelt's  book  is  a  good,  plain 
narrative,  stripped  of  confusing  details,  of 
Cromwell's  career.  Much  space  is  given  to 

*  As  Mr.  Morley's  printer  prefers  to  state  it. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


301 


military  matters,  and  the  political  side  of  the 
subject  is  dealt  with  far  more  fully  than  the 
religious  side.  A  striking  peculiarity  through- 
out is  the  frequency  of  allusion  to  compara- 
tively modern  names  and  topics  of  current  or 
recent  interest.  We  think  it  regrettable  that 
Governor  Roosevelt  has  seen  fit  to  interpolate 
in  his  narrative  occasional  rather  spiteful 
flings  at  stock  objects  of  his  dislike  —  that 
unfortunate  "  cloistered  type"  of  his  fellow  cit- 
izens, for  example,  to  which  he  has  elsewhere 
so  frequently  and  forcibly  paid  his  compliments. 
There  are  in  every  civilized  community  men  of 
quiet  tastes,  who  prefer  to  do  what  good  they 
can  in  a  quiet  and  inconspicuous  way;  and  it 
is  hardly  fair  to  berate  them  for  leaving  to 
others  a  field  for  which  they  feel  themselves 
unfitted.  The  student  of  public  affairs,  or  the 
"  closet  philosopher,"  to  use  Governor  Roose- 
velt's epithet,  may  very  conceivably  serve  his 
country  hardly  less  effectively  than  the  actual 
participant  in  them. 

Each  of  these  desirable  volumes  is  well  made 
and  sumptuously  illustrated.  E.  G.  J. 


THE  BEGINNINGS  OF  A  GREAT  SCHOOL,.* 

There  may  be  differences  of  opinion  as  to 
the  ideal  upon  which  Mr.  Thomas  Harrison 
Montgomery  has  constructed  his  "  History  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania."  It  would  be 
strange,  for  example,  if  some  readers  did  not 
think  that  he  might  better  have  omitted«some 
of  the  material  that  he  has  introduced,  as,  for 
instance,  in  his  frequent  biographical  sketches. 
It  is  hard  to  see  that  Franklin's  electrical  re- 
searches need  to  be  recounted,  even  in  brief, 
in  such  a  work.  But  there  can  be  no  such 
differences  as  to  the  painstaking  and  laborious 
conscientiousness  with  which  Mr.  Montgomery 
has  done  his  work.  None  can  dispute  that,  his 
plan  once  formed,  he  has  prosecuted  it  with 
great  zeal,  intelligence,  and  success.  The  book 
abounds  in  detail,  the  style  of  composition 
tends  to  the  ponderous,  and  the  narrative  is  so 
heavily  weighted  with  quotations  from  docu- 
ments that  no  one  who  tries  to  read  it  will 
think  the  book  easy  reading.  It  is  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  a  collection  of  original  mate- 
rials. Still,  the  style  is  not  ill  adapted  to  the 
matter,  and  the  student  of  our  educational 

*A  HISTORY  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 
from  its  foundation  to  A.D.  1770.  Including  Biographical 
Sketches  of  the  Trustees,  Faculty,  the  first  Alumni,  and 
Others.  By  Thomas  Harrison  Montgomery.  Philadelphia  : 
George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co. 


history  will  welcome  the  volume  as  a  substan- 
tial contribution  to  our  educational  literature. 

The  institution  that  was  first  known  as  the 
Public  Academy  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 
but  is  now  called  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, was  the  greatest  of  the  gifts  that  Benjamin 
Franklin  made  to  the  city  and  state  of  his 
adoption.  It  had  its  origin  in  certain  "Pro- 
posals Relating  to  the  Education  of  Youth  in 
Pensilvania,  Philadelphia,"  that  he  printed  in 
his  "Pennsylvania  Gazette,"  August  24,  1749. 
That  the  time  for  such  a  movement  was  ripe 
was  shown  by  the  ready  reception  that  these 
"  Proposals "  met  with,  and  the  immediate 
steps  that  were  taken  to  embody  them  in  ac- 
tion. As  a  place  of  instruction,  the  Academy 
opened  its  doors  on  the  first  Monday  of  Jan- 
uary, 1750.  The  funds  came  at  first  from 
private  subscriptions  and  the  municipal  gov- 
ernment, principally  the  former ;  but  after- 
wards material  assistance  was  received  from 
collections  made  in  England.  The  great  finan- 
cial reliance,  however,  for  the  period  here  cov- 
ered was  tuition  fees  paid  by  students.  And 
still  there  was  a  charity  school  in  connection 
with  the  Academy,  an  inheritance  that  came  to 
the  Board  of  Trustees  along  with  the  property 
on  which  their  school  was  first  established,  and 
that  constituted  a  legacy  from  Whitfield's 
evangelistic  labors  in  Philadelphia.  In  1756 
a  college  organization  was  added  to  the  Acad- 
emy, and  nine  years  later  the  Medical  School, 
the  first  one  in  the  country,  was  founded.  Few 
educational  words  have  a  fixed  connotation, 
but  the  author  has  some  reason  on  his  side 
when  he  says  that  the  commencement  of  1771 
is  memorable  "in  witnessing  the  first  public 
claim  by  the  Provost  for  the  institution  of  the 
rank  and  place  of  a  University,  to  which  in 
fact  it  had  attained  in  1768,  and  which  it 
has  maintained  with  honor  through  varying 
changes  and  vicissitudes  to  the  present  time." 
June  21  of  that  year  is  the  date  of  the  first 
medical  commencement. 

In  the  order  of  time,  Philadelphia  was  the 
sixth  of  the  nine  colleges  founded  in  the  Thir- 
teen Colonies  before  the  Revolutionary  War. 
It  was  marked  off  from  those  that  preceded 
and  those  that  succeeded  it  by  characters  that 
were  peculiarly  its  own  and  gave  it  a  special 
interest  as  a  feature  of  our  collegiate  history. 
Three  such  marks  may  be  noted. 

For  one  thing,  Philadelphia  was  wholly  free 
from  direct  ecclesiastical  control.  It  bore,  of 
course,  the  theological  marks  that  belonged  to 
all  Christian  schools  a  century  and  a  half  ago, 


302 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


but  it  was  in  no  sense  subject  to  church  dom- 
ination. The  Board  of  Trustees  and  Faculty 
were  meeting-places  for  the  leading  denomina- 
tions of  the  city ;  but  for  some  reason,  which 
Mr.  Montgomery  might  have  explained  more 
fully,  the  Episcopalians  were  more  numerous 
than  any  other,  especially  in  the  Board.  As 
Franklin  wrote  at  the  time  to  a  correspondent, 
who  was  himself  an  Episcopalian  clergyman, 
"  The  Trustees  of  the  Academy  are  three- 
fourths  of  them  members  of  the  Church  of 
England,  and  the  rest  men  of  moderate  prin- 
ciples." Still,  the  property  on  which  the  school 
was  first  established,  for  historical  reasons, 
carried  a  creed  in  the  title-deed : 

"  We  do  also  give  our  assent  to  the  9th,  10th,  llth, 
12th,  13th,  and  17th  articles  of  the  Church  of  England, 
as  explained  by  the  Calvinists  in  their  Literal  and 
grammatical  sence  without  any  equivocation  whatso- 
ever. We  mention  these  in  particular  because  they  are  a 
summary  of  the  foregoing  articles.  We  believe  all  that 
are  sound  in  faith  agree  in  these  whatever  other  points 
they  may  differ  in." 

Here  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  remark  that  two 
questions  which  the  History  of  Pennsylvania 
suggest  have  never,  to  our  knowledge,  been 
satisfactorily  resolved.  One  is  the  powerful 
hold  that  the  Church  of  England  early  got  in 
the  colony,  and  particularly  in  Philadelphia, 
and  the  other  the  extraordinary  ease  and 
smoothness  with  which  Friends  passed  into 
that  communion.  In  view  of  the  origin  of  the 
colony,  and  especially  in  view  of  what  the 
Friends  had  suffered  from  the  Establishment 
in  England,  both  of  these  facts  seem  surpris- 
ing. There  can,  however,  be  no  doubt  that 
the  leading  members  of  that  communion,  rein- 
forced by  the  one-fourth  of  "  men  of  moderate 
principles  "  of  whom  Franklin  was  easily  the 
first,  were  the  fittest  managers  of  the  new 
school  that  the  colony  could  furnish.  The 
Quakers,  for  example,  were  at  the  time  wholly 
incompetent  to  found  or  to  take  the  oversight 
of  a  school  of  liberal  learning. 

The  second  mark  of  the  new  institution  was 
an  outgrowth  of  the  first  one.  It  was  less 
ecclesiastical  and  more  secular  than  any  other 
anti-revolutionary  college.  In  a  paper  laid 
before  the  Common  Council  in  1750,  Franklin 
thus  stated  the  benefits  that  were  expected  to 
flow  from  the  establishment  of  the  school : 

"The  Benefits  expected  from  this  Institution  are: 
That  the  youth  of  Pennsylvania  may  have  an  opportu- 
nity of  receiving  a  good  Education  at  home,  and  be 
under  no  necessity  of  going  abroad  for  it.  ...  That  a 
Number  of  Natives  will  hereby  be  qualified  to  be  our 
Magistracies,  and  execute  other  public  offices  of  Trust, 
with  Reputation  to  themselves  and  Country ;  there  being 


at  present  great  want  of  Persons  so  qualified  in  the 
several  counties  of  this  Province.  And  this  is  the  more 
necessary  now  to  be  provided  for  by  the  English  here, 
as  vast  numbers  of  Foreigners  are  yearly  imported 
among  us,  totally  ignorant  of  our  Laws,  Customs  and 
Language.  That  a  Number  of  the  poorer  Sort  will 
hereby  be  qualified  to  act  as  Schoolmasters  in  the 
County,  to  teach  Children  Reading,  Writing,  Arith- 
metic, and  the  Grammar  of  their  Mother  Tongue;  .  .  . 
the  County  suffering  at  present  very  much  for  want  of 
good  School  masters.  ...  It  is  thought  that  a  good 
Academy  erected  in  Philadelphia,  a  healthy  place  where 
Provisions  are  plenty,  situated  in  the  Center  of  the  Col- 
onies, may  draw  Numbers  of  Students  from  the  neigh- 
boring Provinces,  who  must  spend  considerable  Sums 
yearly  among  us,  in  Payment  for  their  Lodging,  Diet, 
Apparel,  &c." 

Nothing  could  well  be  more  secular  and  prac- 
tical than  this.  Every  word  shows  the  influence 
of  the  author's  mind.  Franklin  was  indeed  of 
Puritan  blood,  but  this  is  not  Puritan  language 
or  the  Puritan  conception  of  a  school  of  higher 
learning.  To  be  more  definite,  while  many  of  the 
students  of  the  Academy  and  College  became 
ministers  of  the  Gospel,  the  preparation  of  young 
men  for  that  calling  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
a  conscious  purpose  of  those  who  founded  it. 

The  third  point  is  the  very  modern  character 
of  the  institution.  No  doubt  this  feature  is 
closely  connected  with  those  already  mentioned, 
but  it  deserves  separate  notice.  The  early 
documents  lay  stress  upon  the  modern  lan- 
guages, and  especially  the  English  language. 
The  "  constitutions "  of  1749  describe  the 
Academy  as  a  school  "  for  teaching  the  Latin 
and  Greek  languages,  the  English  tongue  gram- 
matically, and  as  a  language,  the  most  useful 
living  foreign  languages,  French,  German,  and 
Spanish,  etc."  The  Trustees  were  commanded 
with  "  all  convenient  speed  to  endeavor  to  en- 
gage persons  capable  of  teaching  the  French, 
Spanish,  and  German  languages,"  as  well  as 
other  branches  of  learning.  Franklin  had  ideas 
as  to  the  way  in  which  English  should  be  taught, 
ideas  that  grew  out  of  his  own  instructive  ex- 
perience. He  wrote  in  his  "  Proposals  ": 

"  The  English  Language  might  be  taught  by  Gram- 
mar, in  which  some  of  our  best  Writers,  as  Tillotson, 
Addison,  Pope,  Algernon  Sidney,  Cato's  Letters,  &c., 
should  be  classicks  :  The  Stiles  principally  to  be  culti- 
vated, being  the  clear  and  the  concise.  Reading  should 
also  be  taught,  and  pronouncing,  properly,  distinctly, 
emphatically  ;  not  with  an  even  Tone,  which  under- 
does, nor  a  theatrical,  which  over-does  Nature. 

"  To  form  their  Stile,  they  should  be  put  on  Writing 
Letters  to  each  other,  making  Abstracts  of  what  they 
read  ;  or  writing  the  same  Things  in  their  own  Words  ; 
telling  or  writing  Stories  lately  read,  in  their  own  Ex- 
pressions. All  to  be  revised  and  corrected  by  the 
Tutor,  who  should  give  his  Reasons,  explain  the  Tone 
and  Import  of  Words,  &c. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


303 


"  To  form  their  Pronunciation,  they  may  be  put  on 
making  Declamations,  repeating  Speeches,  delivering 
Orations,  &c.  The  Tutors  assisting  at  the  Rehearsals, 
teaching,  advising,  correcting  their  Accent,  &c." 

How  far  this  was  in  advance  of  the  times  is 
well  known  to  students  of  our  colonial  educa- 
tional history.  Franklin  was  no  doubt  the 
only  man  in  the  country  at  the  time  who  could 
have  conceived  such  a  programme.  Indeed, 
the  programme  was  too  advanced  even  for 
Philadelphia ;  and  the  failure  to  realize  it, 
especially  in  respect  to  English  teaching,  was 
one  of  the  griefs  of  Franklin's  old  age. 

In  1756,  Dr.  Smith,  the  Provost,  brought 
out,  in  connection  with  the  organization  of  the 
College,  the  scheme  or  plan  of  education  that 
was  to  be  furnished  in  the  schools  comprising 
the  College  and  Academy  together.  Our  au- 
thor finds  the  source  of  this  excellent  formula 
in  the  curriculum  of  King's  College,  Aberdeen, 
where  Provost  Smith  had  been  trained  a  decade 
before.  "  But  whencever  its  origin  or  concep- 
tion," he  says,  "  it  is  the  first  complete  curricu- 
lum for  a  college  training  which  any  American 
colony  had  yet  witnessed  or  recognized,  and 
will  stand  for  all  time  as  the  forerunner  in  all 
advanced  education  on  these  shores."  He  de- 
clares also  that  it  was  "unequalled  in  any 
institution  in  this  western  country  for  its  com- 
prehensiveness and  thoroughness."  Those  who 
hold  briefs  for  some  of  the  older  colleges  may 
possibly  dispute  this  claim.  A  nicer  point, 
however,  is  the  extent  to  which  Smith's  scheme 
was  actually  carried  out.  One  who  reads  the 
document,  which  Mr.  Montgomery  prints  in 
full,  is  puzzled  to  see  how  a  faculty  so  small  as 
that  at  Philadelphia  could  have  taught  all  the 
subjects  that  the  scheme  embraced ;  and  the 
sceptical  will  probably  think  that  in  some  parts 
this  course  of  study  existed  merely  on  paper. 

Students  of  educational  history  will  regret 
that  in  closing  this  work  the  author  lays  down 
his  pen  not  expecting  to  resume  it,  and  also 
will  join  with  him  in  the  hope  that  another 
author  "  may  carry  on  the  history  of  this  Uni- 
versity family,  illustrating  its  varying  misfor- 
tunes during  the  Revolutionary  struggle,  its 
quiet  life  through  the  first  seventy  years  of  this 
century,  and  portraying  with  loving  strokes  its 
enlarged  and  influential  work  of  the  present 
generation  under  the  strong  stimulus  of  which 
it  is  prepared  to  enter  upon  its  great  career  in 
the  twentieth  century."  It  is  to  be  hoped,  how- 
ever, that  Mr.  Montgomery's  successor  will  di- 
vide his  book  into  regular  chapters  with  appro- 
priate headings,  and  that  he  will  also  furnish 
a  table  of  contents.  B.  A.  HINSDALE. 


GIRLHOOD  MEMORIES  OF  MADAME 
ROLAND.* 

The  French  Revolution,  among  its  other 
surprises,  conferred  immortality  on  a  host  of 
rather  commonplace  men  and  women,  headed 
by  Louis  XVI.  Of  these  it  might  be  said  that 
"nothing  in  their  life  became  them  like  the 
leaving  it."  Dragged  into  the  fierce  light  that 
beat  about  the  scaffold,  they  were  converted  from 
advocates,  physicians,  or  provincial  abbes,  into 
heroes,  patriots,  martyrs,  of  whom  their  world 
was  not  worthy.  That  many  high  qualities 
in  posse  were  thus  developed,  which  under 
other  circumstances  might  have  won  for  their 
possessors  a  respectable  degree  of  eminence,  is 
not  questioned ;  but  surely  it  is  the  bitter  in- 
iquity of  their  fate  and  the  exalted  courage 
with  which  they  met  it  that  have  saved  their 
names  for  the  reverent  admiration  of  the  gen- 
erations. 

It  is  at  least  a\i  open  question  whether  this 
would  have  been  true  of  her  whom  all  men 
know  as  Madame  Roland.  She  emerged  into 
public  view  as  the  wife  of  the  citizen  Minister, 
and  for  a  few  troubled  years  shared  and  directed 
her  husband's  counsels.  When  her  friends  the 
Girondists  succumbed  to  the  Mountain,  she 
too  was  arrested,  on  the  first  of  June,  1793, 
and  taken  to  the  Abbaye.  Released  twenty- 
four  days  later,  she  was  at  once  re-arrested  and 
confined  in  Sainte  Pelagie.  Here  she  wrote 
her  "  Historical  Notes "  and  her  "  Private 
Memoirs."  On  November  first  she  was  re- 
moved to  the  Conciergerie,  and  on  the  eighth 
she  was  "  tried,"  sentenced,  and  led  out  to  ex- 
ecution. As  they  bound  her  to  the  plank,  her 
eyes  fell  on  the  colossal  statue  of  Liberty,  and 
she  murmured,  "  0  liberte,  comme  on  fajouee  " 
(or  the  more  popular  variant,  "  O  liberte,  com- 
bien  de  crimes  on  a  commis  en  ton  nom  "  ). 
These  are  the  dramatic  facts  of  her  closing 
years,  and  are  known  to  everybody ;  and  for 
the  Anglo-Saxon  reader  they  have  generally 
sufficed. 

In  the  beautiful  little  volume  before  us,  Mr. 
Johnson  has  turned  the  page  back  to  the  girl- 
hood memories  of  Marie  Jeanne  Phlipon.  The 
translation  which  is  here  reprinted  in  a  revised 
form  was  made  from  Bosc's  original  edition  of 
the  Memoirs,  and  was  published  at  London  in 
1795,  two  years  after  Madame  Roland's  death 
by  the  guillotine.  For  many  years  now  these 
memoirs,  which  form  a  favorite  French  classic, 


*  THE  PRIVATE  MEMOIRS  OF  MADAME  ROLAND.  Edited, 
with  an  Introduction,  by  Edward  Gilpin  Johnson.  Chicago : 
A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 


304 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


have  not  been  procurable  in  an  English  ver- 
sion ;  it  was  high  time,  therefore,  for  a  new 
edition. 

Nothing  in  these  reminiscences  is  so  im- 
pressive as  the  circumstances  under  which  they 
were  written.  In  Mr.  Johnson's  words, — 

"  The  writer  was  a  prisoner,  and  under  no  illusions 
as  to  her  impending  fate.  Across  her  path  lay  in  un- 
mistakable outlines  the  shadow  of  the  guillotine.  Her 
husband  and  her  friends  were  outlaws,  tracked  from 
hiding-place  to  hiding-place  by  men  in  whose  eyes 
clemency  was  a  political  crime.  The  trumped-up  charge 
of  her  own  infamy  was  ringing  in  the  ears  of  all  Paris. 
.  .  .  Her  day  was  done.  Her  stately  Plutarchian  re- 
public of  wisdom  and  virtue  was  sunk  in  blood  and 
mire." 

Thus  thrown  back  on  her  own  thoughts,  she 
took  up  her  pen  to  recount  the  story  of  her 
life ;  and  gradually  losing  herself  in  the  visions 
of  her  happy  tranquil  youth,  she  described  its 
events  with  an  eager  minuteness  which  repro- 
duced whole  conversations  and  protracted  medi- 
tations from  the  shadowy  past.  The  flow  of 
reminiscence  is  at  times  checked  by  interrup- 
tions which  would  seem  appalling  to  an  ordi- 
nary mind  —  as  thus  : 

"  September  5.  I  cut  the  sheet  to  inclose  what  I 
have  written  in  the  little  box;  for  when  I  see  a  revolu- 
tionary army  decreed,  new  tribunals  formed  for  shed- 
ding innocent  blood,  famine  threatened,  and  the  tyrants 
at  bay,  I  augur  that  they  must  have  new  victims,  and 
conclude  that  no  one  is  secure  of  living  another  day." 

Or  this : 

"  They  interrupt,  to  inform  me  that  I  am  compre- 
hended in  Brissot's  act  of  accusation,  along  with  many 
other  deputies  recently  arrested.  The  tyrants  are  at 
bay;  they  think  to  fill  up  the  pit  open  before  them,  by 
precipitating  worthy  people  into  it ;  but  they  themselves 
will  fall  in  afterwards.  ...  I  shall  send  away  this 
section  of  my  memoir,  and  prepare  to  proceed  on  an- 
other, if  I  am  permitted." 

It  is  certainly  no  common  young  French- 
woman that  looks  out  upon  us  from  these  pages. 
With  engaging  candor,  and  a  self-consciousness 
scarce  reached  again  in  print  until  Marie  Bash- 
kirtseff,  she  casts  up  the  account  of  her  youth- 
ful charms  of  person  and  intellect,  and  finds 
the  sum- total  "  all  very  good  ": 

"  As  to  my  face,  there  was  nothing  in  it  specially 
striking  of  itself,  save  perhaps  the  fresh  color,  the 
tenderness  and  expression.  To  go  into  details, '  Where,' 
it  may  be  asked,  « is  the  beauty  ? '  Not  a  feature  is 
regular,  but  all  please.  The  mouth  is  rather  large  — 
one  sees  a  thousand  that  are  prettier;  but  where  is 
there  a  smile  more  sweet  and  engaging  ?  The  eye  is 
scarcely  large  enough,  and  its  iris  is  of  a  grayish  hue; 
but,  though  somewhat  prominently  set,  it  is  frank, 
lively,  and  tender,  crowned  by  delicately  penciled  brown 
eyebrows  (the  color  of  my  hair),  and  its  expression 
varies  with  the  changing  emotions  of  the  soul  whose 
activity  it  reflects;  grave  and  haughty,  at  times  it  im- 
poses; but  it  charms  oftener,  and  is  always  animated." 


Far  and  faint  indeed  seems  the  cry  from  this 
student  of  her  mirror  to  "Plutarch's  woman," 
"  the  Egeria  of  the  Girondins." 

Her  father,  Gatien  Phlipon,  an  engraver 
by  occupation,  is  described  with  no  filial  illu- 
sions : 

"  Strong  and  healthy,  active  and  vain,  he  loved  his 
wife,  and  was  fond  of  dress.  Without  learning,  he  had 
that  degree  of  taste  and  knowledge  which  the  fine  arts 
give  superficially,  in  whatever  branch  they  are  prac- 
tised. .  .  .  He  led  a  regular  life,  while  his  ambition 
was  not  unbridled,  or  had  experienced  no  disappoint- 
ments. He  could  not  be  said  to  be  a  virtuous  man, 
but  he  had  a  great  deal  of  what  is  called  honor." 

On  the  other  hand,  her  mother's  presence, 
ever  gentle  and  sympathetic,  pervades  the 
whole  narrative ;  and  we  can  readily  realize 
the  passionate  devotion  with  which  this  proud 
and  high-strung  girl  clung  to  the  parent  who 
seemed  to  understand  her.  This  was  her  trib- 
ute to  her  mother's  memory : 

"  Thus  was  taken  from  the  world  one  of  the  gentlest, 
most  lovable  beings  that  ever  graced  it.  Her  qualities 
were  not  brilliant,  but  they  were  such  as  won  and  re- 
tained the  love  of  all  who  knew  her.  Naturally  pure 
and  just,  her  virtues  were  the  fruit  of  impulse,  not 
effort.  Prudent  and  self-poised,  tender  without  passion, 
her  tranquil  spirit  lived  its  days  as  flows  some  quiet 
stream  that  laves  with  equal  complaisance  the  rock 
that  holds  it  captive  and  the  valley  it  embellishes." 

The  little  Marie's  impressible  nature  was 
deeply  affected  by  her  first  communion  ;  but 
soon  her  faith  began  to  disintegrate,  under 
doubts  as  to  eternal  damnation  and  the  infal- 
libility of  the  Church  ;  and  she,  with  thousands 
of  others,  was  left  in  philosophic  recognition 
of  a  First  Cause,  a  Supreme  Intelligence,  to 
whom  she  could  address  this  petition,  in  which 
we  find  something  more  than  philosophy  : 

"  O  Thou  who  hast  placed  me  on  the  earth,  enable 
me  to  fill  my  destination  in  the  manner  most  conform- 
able to  Thy  divine  will,  and  most  beneficial  to  the 
welfare  of  my  brethren  of  mankind." 

As  she  grew  to  womanhood,  this  fair  young 
bourgeoise  with  the  dark  and  eloquent  eyes 
was  pestered  by  almost  as  many  suitors  as  the 
discreet  Penelope ;  and  the  tracing  of  their 
successive  advances  and  dismissals  must  have 
brought  a  faint  smile  even  to  those  prison- 
blanched  lips  in  Sainte  Pelagic.  It  is  with 
considerable  humor  that  she  tells  how  she 
managed  to  escape  a  butcher,  an  advocate,  a 
physician,  and  several  other  dim  wooers  men- 
tioned only  en  bloc.  At  length,  in  1779,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-five,  she  accepted  the  hand 
of  M.  Roland  de  la  Platiere,  who  was  forty- 
seven.  From  this  time  till  her  death  her  life 
was  more  or  less  a  public  one,  and  she  became 
the  Madame  Roland  of  history. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


305 


Mr.  Johnson  has  edited  the  book  with  good 
taste  and  literary  skill.  In  an  introduction  of 
some  twenty  pages,  he  rounds  out  the  story  of 
Madame  Roland's  life  by  tracing  in  outline 
her  public  career,  imprisonment,  and  execution ; 
and  adds  a  well-written  and  impartial  estimate 
of  her  character.  He  admits  that  she  was 
"  No  stranger  to  the  sentiments  of  her  class.  How 
keenly  she  resented  the  distinctions  of  birth  that 
blocked  the  path  and  galled  the  pride  of  the  educated 
and  prosperous  commoner  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
her  memoirs  too  bitterly  attest.  To  this  alloy  of 
jaundiced  class  feeling,  joined  to  a  certain  native  hard- 
ness and  implacability  of  temper,  must  be  ascribed 
what  is  palpably  impolitic  and  ungenerous  in  the  con- 
duct of  Madame  Roland." 

Per  contra,  he  adds  : 

"  But  whatever  her  blemishes  may  have  been, 
Madame  Roland  is  still  the  heroine  of  the  Revolution. 
It  is  to  her  that  the  eye  instinctively  turns  for  a  type 
and  symbol  of  the  earlier  and  finer  characteristics  of 
that  movement,  —  its  quasi-religious  enthusiasm,  its 
broad  philanthropy,  its  passion  for  liberty  and  social 
justice,  its  faith  in  the  original  goodness  and  ultimate 
high  destiny  of  man." 

The  book  is  creditably  printed,  and  contains 
about  a  dozen  interesting  portraits ;  together 
with  pictures  of  the  Abbaye,  the  Conciergerie, 
the  parks  of  Meudon  and  Versailles,  etc.  The 
abiding  interest  of  the  subject  and  the  attrac- 
tiveness with  which  it  is  presented  should 
make  this  translation  a  permanently-useful 
addition  to  the  literature  of  the  Revolution. 
JOSIAH  RENICK  SMITH. 


THE  LATEST  BOOKS  ON  CHINA.* 


Signs  point  to  a  lack  of  present  interest 
taken  by  Americans  in  the  battles  fought  by 
our  armies  in  the  Orient.  No  one  would  pre- 
tend that  the  war  in  the  Philippines  is  a  pop- 
ular war,  and  events  in  China  fall  easily  into 
the  background  of  our  attention.  The  real 
interests  of  our  national  life  lie  elsewhere,  and 
the  pride  taken  in  our  army  and  navy  is  pride 
in  their  past  rather  than  in  their  present 
achievements.  Probably  no  nation  in  the  world, 
with  the  possible  exception  of  China,  is  more 
desirous  of  being  permitted  to  mind  its  own 
business  than  the  United  States.  The  Chinese 


*  RUSSIA  AGAINST  INDIA.  By  Archibald  R.  Colquhoun. 
New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  CRISIS  IN  CHINA.  By  George  M.  Smyth,  and  many 
others.  New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  SITUATION  IN  CHINA.  By  Robert  E.  Speer.  Chicago : 
Fleming  H.  Revell  Company. 

CHINA'S  OPEN  DOOR.  By  Rounsevelle  Wildman.  Boston  : 
Lothrop  Publishing  Company. 

A  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  EASTERN  ASIA.  By  I.  C.  Hannah, 
M.A.  New  York  :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


know  little  about  America,  and  care  less ;  and 
this  indifference  is  heartily  reciprocated. 

Lack  of  common  interests  is  the  chief  cause 
of  this.  Neither  country  realizes  that  both  are 
democracies,  with  a  strong  tendency  toward 
something  different  in  the  high  places,  —  de- 
mocracies with  the  people  heavily  taxed  for 
the  maintenance  of  an  office-holding  class  which 
is  usually  held  in  contempt,  and  democracies 
with  the  teachings  of  the  religion  of  the  country 
at  open  variance  with  its  performance.  These 
common  national  tendencies  may  be  traced  in 
the  small  library  of  books  which  have  been 
rushed  into  print  to  give  the  English-speaking 
people  some  much  needed  and  highly  bewilder- 
ing information  concerning  the  Chinese  people. 
It  is  also  manifest  —  though  none  of  the  various 
writers  has  taken  pains  to  call  attention  to  it  — 
that  the  utter  lack  of  real  comprehension  of 
the  yellow  race  by  the  white  implies  and  in- 
cludes an  utter  lack  of  real  comprehension  of 
the  white  race  by  the  yellow.  A  realization 
of  the  fact  that  everything  which  we  think 
about  the  Chinese  unfavorable  to  their  morals 
and  civilization  stands  for  a  precisely  similar 
thought  in  the  Chinese  intellect  in  respect  to 
our  morals  and  civilization,  would  do  marvels 
toward  making  the  situation  comprehensible 
among  the  Caucasians.  Nor  do  they  suffer 
one  whit  more  by  the  comparison  in  our  eyes 
than  do  we  in  theirs. 

Half  the  despatches  from  China  and  Europe, 
since  the  present  fighting-peace  or  peaceful- 
war  began,  inform  the  American  people  that 
Russia  has  annexed,  is  annexing,  or  is  about 
to  annex,  Manchuria.  Yet  Mr.  Archibald  R. 
Colquhoun,  in  his  "  Russia  Against  India," 
says  that  Manchuria  fell  into  Russian  hands 
long  before  the  Boxers  began  using  their  fists. 
For  the  most  part,  his  book  is  taken  up,  not 
with  the  menace  to  British  influence  in  China 
by  Russian  aggression  and  the  advancement  of 
her  frontier,  but  with  the  menace  to  the  peace 
of  India  and  so  of  all  Europe  which  lies  back 
of  Russia's  advance  in  central  Asia.  Besides 
describing  the  peoples  now  coming  under  the 
rule  of  the  Tsar,  Mr.  Colquhoun  points  out 
that  India  is  growing  worse  governed  under 
the  British  bureaucracy,  rather  than  better, 
and  utters  a  warning  accordingly. 

Mr.  Robert  E.  Speer  republishes  a  chapter 
or  two  from  his  larger  book  on  "  Missions  and 
Politics  in  China  "  under  the  title  "  The  Situ- 
ation in  China,"  and  his  contribution  is  timely, 
if  not  new.  He  sums  up  the  good  there  is  in 
the  Chinese  character,  not  less  than  the  evil, 


306 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


and  makes  plain  that  the  fault  lies  largely  with 
the  European  governments,  which  treat  the 
Chinese  government,  now  as  civilized  and  now 
as  barbarian,  with  neither  consistency  nor 
justice.  Europe,  by  placing  missions  and  mer- 
chants on  equal  terms  in  their  diplomatic  deal- 
ings with  Chinese  officials,  does  incalculable 
harm  to  the  Christian  cause.  Yet  he  states 
that  much  of  "  the  spirit  of  our  Western 
peoples  ...  as  displayed  in  dealings  with 
Oriental  Nations  from  Turkey  to  China,  is  as  a 
foul  stench  in  our  nostrils."  The  corollary  of 
this  would  seem  to  be  that  Christendom  might 
better  be  christianizing  itself  than  seeking  to 
christianize  a  people  to  whom  its  practices  are 
hopelessly  irreconcilable  with  its  professions : 
Germany,  for  example,  gobbling  a  province  in 
China  because  two  followers  of  Jesus  have 
there  been  crowned  with  the  palm  of  mar- 
tyrdom. 

"  The  Crisis  in  China"  is  a  symposium  from 
the  "  North  American  Review  "  put  into  book 
form.  It  contains  as  many  authoritative  state- 
ments of  the  different  phases  of  the  general 
subject  of  China  as  could  be  gathered  together 
in  the  time  permitted,  all  of  them  pertinent 
and  some  of  them  worthy  of  careful  study. 
Mr.  Colquhoun  appears  again,  in  a  paper  on 
the  crisis,  curiously  frank,  and  certain  to  throw 
light  on  many  things  besides  his  subject.  He 
shows  that  such  a  democracy  as  England  and 
the  United  States  possess  is  of  little  signifi- 
cance when  the  question  of  land-grabbing  in 
China  comes  up,  in  spite  of  their  land-grab- 
bing exploits  when  free  from  international 
competition.  "While  the  rulers  of  Eussia, 
Germany,  France,  and  even  Belgium,  have 
been  heading  national  crusades  of  productive 
enterprise  in  China,  the  governments  of  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States  have  held  aloof, 
and  allowed  rights  and  claims  to  be  established 
to  their  perpetual  exclusion  and  detriment." 
This  is  the  proof  of  his  statement  that  "  we 
have  seen  the  superiority,  in  certain  spheres 
of  competition,  of  governments  which  lead 
their  people,  over  those  of  people  who  lead 
their  governments."  So  true  is  it  that  En- 
gland and  America  have  been  taken  up  into 
the  high  places  of  the  earth  and  shown  the 
kingdoms  thereof.  Space  does  not  avail  even 
for  a  specification  of  the  articles  in  the  book, 
but  its  value  is  manifest  at  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Rounsevelle  Wildman,  our  consul  gen- 
eral at  Hong  Kong,  has  prepared  a  book  on 
"China's  Open  Door."  Mr.  Charles  Denby, 
formerly  our  minister  to  China,  writes  an  in- 


troduction, from  which  may  be  gleaned  the 
knowledge  that  here  is  almost,  if  not  quite, 
the  greatest  book  ever  written  by  anyone  on 
any  subject.  Mr.  Wildman  writes  within  his 
knowledge  respecting  trade  and  certain  events 
in  recent  history ;  but  the  attempt  to  tell  too 
much  within  the  space  defeats  itself.  A  habit 
of  dogmatic  assertion  and  utter  lack  of  sym- 
pathy for  the  Chinese  are  serious  faults  run- 
ning through  its  pages,  and  the  tone  of  the 
book  is  low.  An  index  is  lacking. 

In  less  than  three  hundred  pages,  Mr.  I.  C. 
Hannah  undertakes  to  tell  the  "  History  of 
Eastern  Asia" — all  that  part  of  the  continent,, 
that  is,  which  is  not  immediately  concerned  in 
European  history.  The  work  deals  more  with 
the  past  than  the  present,  and  the  amount  of 
space  covered  leaves  it  an  unsatisfactory  achieve- 
ment. Yet  the  book  contains  an  astonishing 
amount  of  information,  and  takes  a  place  of  its 
own  as  an  abridgement  of  the  more  ponderous 
histories  preceding  it.  WALLACE  RICE. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


"  Uncanonized,"  by  Miss  Margaret  Horton  Potter, 
is  a  historical  romance  of  the  time  of  King  John. 
The  hero  is  a  natural  son  of  Hubert  Walter,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  driven  from  his  knightly 
career  into  the  monastic  life  by  the  imperious  will 
of  his  father,  who  seeks  his  own  salvation  by  this 
vicarious  form  of  atonement.  Having  taken  the 
irrevocable  vows,  he  is  faithful  to  them,  but  his 
spirit  remains  rebellious,  and,  although  an  external 
freedom  is  beyond  his  grasp,  he  asserts  for  himself 

*  UNCANONIZED.  A  Romance  of  English  Monachism.  By 
Margaret  Horton  Potter.  Chicago :  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 

GOD,  THE  KING,  MY  BROTHER.  By  Mary  F.  Nixon. 
Boston :  L.  C.  Page  &  Co. 

THE  GRIP  OF  HONOR.  A  Story  of  Paul  Jones  and  the 
American  Revolution.  By  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady.  New 
York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

PHILIP  WINWOOD.  By  Robert  Neilson  Stephens.  Boston : 
L.  C.  Page  &  Co. 

IN  CIRCLING  CAMPS.  By  Joseph  A.  Altsheler.  New  York : 
D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

CONSEQUENCES.  A  Novel.  By  Egerton  Castle.  New 
York:  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

TOMMY  AND  GRIZEL.  By  J.  M.  Barrie.  New  York: 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

THE  WEST  END.  A  Novel.  By  Percy  White.  New  York:. 
Harper  &  Brothers. 

MARCELLE  OF  THE  QUARTER.  By  Clive  Holland.  New 
York :  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

THE  DISHONOR  OF  FRANK  SCOTT.  By  M.  Hamilton. 
New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

MY  NEW  CURATE.  A  Story  Gathered  from  the  Stray 
Leaves  of  an  Old  Diary.  By  the  Rev.  P.  A.  Sheehan,  P.P. 
Boston :  Marlier,  Callanan  &  Co. 

THE  ALABASTER  Box.  By  Sir  Walter  Besant.  New 
York :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


307 


an  intellectual  freedom  which  impels  him  to  reject 
the  dogmatism  of  the  official  theology,  and  leads 
him  to  martyrdom  in  the  end.  Many  historical 
characters  besides  that  of  the  King  move  in  these 
pages,  the  most  conspicuous  among  them  being  the 
captive  Princess  Eleanor  of  Brittany,  to  whom  the 
hero  becomes  father-confessor,  friend,  and  unavowed 
lover.  The  most  noteworthy  feature  of  this  work 
is  found  in  the  writer's  conception  of  John,  and  in 
her  view  of  the  struggle  between  King  and  Pope 
which  placed  England  under  the  Interdict,  and  led 
to  the  submission  of  the  royal  to  the  papal  will. 
Miss  Potter  is  not  without  some  warrant  for  her 
view,  although  the  majority  of  historical  scholars 
still  incline  to  the  traditional  opinion.  That  John 
was  such  a  monster  as  to  defile  hell  itself  with  his 
presence  may  perhaps  be  taken  as  the  exaggeration 
of  a  vindictive  monkish  chronicler,  but  it  is  never- 
theless a  little  startling  to  have  him  presented  to  us 
as  the  champion  of  English  liberties,  and,  on  the 
other  hand,  to  have  Stephen  Langton  presented  to 
us  as  the  base  tool  of  an  unscrupulous  foreign  op- 
pressor. Miss  Potter  has  not  been  content  with 
the  superficial  preparation  that  most  writers  of  his- 
torical fiction  think  sufficient  for  their  purpose ;  she 
has  instead  made  a  careful  and  minute  study  of 
her  period,  and  accumulated  a  really  remarkable 
store  of  information  respecting  the  political  history 
of  the  time,  its  manners  and  customs,  and  particu- 
larly the  conditions  of  monastic  life.  The  chief 
defect  of  "  Uncanonized  "  is  that  this  material  is 
too  much  in  evidence,  for  many  passages  of  the 
book  are  out  of  place  in  a  work  of  fiction,  however 
admirably  they  would  serve  the  purposes  of  an 
essay.  She  has  got  possession  of  the  facts  in  great 
quantity,  she  has  even  arranged  them  until  they 
are  seen  in  their  proper  perspective,  but  she  has  not 
succeeded  in  rejecting  those  that  are  irrelevant  to 
her  design.  We  note  this  with  regret,  for  her  book 
is  in  many  respects  far  superior  to  the  run  of  this 
sort  of  fiction ;  it  is  serious  work,  and  deserves  to 
be  treated  seriously.  The  simple  truth  is  that  the 
narrative  is  so  clogged  by  extraneous  matter  that 
there  is  no  freedom  of  motion  left  it.  As  a  romance, 
it  drags,  and  does  not  reach  effective  dramatic  cli- 
maxes. If  the  writer  could  have  devised  a  few 
striking  situations,  and  infused  more  external  ex- 
citement into  her  work,  she  would  have  made  it 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  romances  of  its  kind. 
As  it  is,  she  has  produced  a  book  that  commands 
respect,  and  that  gives  much  promise  for  the  future. 
What  we  have  just  said  about  Miss  Potter's  ro- 
mance may  be  illustrated  by  contrasting  the  work 
with  such  a  romance  as  Miss  Nixon's  "  God,  the 
King,  My  Brother,"  which  has  precisely  the  element 
of  action  in  which  "  Uncanonized "  is  deficient. 
Here  is  a  story  that  we  remember  —  for  a  while,  at 
least  —  as  a  story,  and  yet  it  is  thin  and  superficial 
in  every  important  respect.  It  is  not  the  product 
of  one-tenth  the  thought  and  industrious  study  that 
have  gone  to  the  making  of  "  Uncanonized  ";  it 
seems  the  merest  romantic  trifling  when  compared 


with  the  other  book.  But  it  does  display  the  story- 
teller's gift,  and  does  not  constantly  disappoint  us 
when  we  approach  what  bids  fair  to  be  a  climax. 
For  the  rest,  it  is  a  tale  of  the  Court  of  Castile  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  the  time  of  Pedro  the  Cruel 
and  the  Black  Prince.  There  is  a  persecuted 
maiden,  a  Spanish  villain,  and  two  English  squires 
who  thwart  the  villain  and  rescue  the  heroine. 
There  are  duels  and  ambuscades  and  perilous  ad- 
ventures in  rapid  succession,  and  there  is  not  a 
trace  of  the  true  historical  atmosphere. 

John  Paul  Jones  is  an  excellent  hero  to  use  for 
the  purposes  of  historical  fiction,  but  we  fear  that 
Dr.  Brady  is  in  danger  of  working  him  too  hard. 
"  The  Grip  of  Honor  "  is  the  third  of  this  talented 
writer's  books,  and  has  the  wholesome  manliness  of 
tone  which  distinguished  its  two  predecessors.  But 
it  is  so  closely  like  them  in  other  respects  as  well 
that  we  have  read  it  with  some  sense  of  disappoint- 
ment. The  author's  vein  of  mingled  patriotism  and 
romantic  sentiment  seems  to  be  a  thin  one,  although 
the  ore  is  genuine.  The  description  of  the  fight  be- 
tween the  Bonhomme  Richard  and  the  Serapis  is 
certainly  thrilling  enough  to  repay  the  reader  for 
any  annoyance  by  the  way. 

The  romance  of  the  American  Revolution  seems 
to  be  in  great  favor  at  the  present  time,  and  we 
are  glad  that  Mr.  R.  N.  Stephens  has  taken  a  hand 
in  it.  His  "  Philip  Winwood,"  while  not  a  work  of 
the  finish  or  breadth  of  view  that  we  find  in  such 
books  as  u  Hugh  Wynne  "  and  "  Richard  Carvel  " 
and  "Janice  Meredith,"  is  nevertheless  a  thoroughly 
pleasing  performance,  graceful  in  diction  and  in 
sentiment.  It  is  the  biography  of  an  American 
soldier  written  by  a  royalist  friend,  and  touches 
upon  the  whole  course  of  the  war,  although  its  in- 
terest is  primarily  domestic. 

Mr.  Joseph  A.  Altsheler's  "  In  Circling  Camps  " 
is  a  story  of  the  Civil  War  much  above  the  average. 
The  author  has  shown  his  skill  in  dealing  with  our 
two  wars  with  England,  and  it  does  not  desert  him 
when  he  comes  down  into  the  modern  period  of 
our  history.  From  a  military  point  of  view,  the 
story  has  for  its  climax  the  fight  at  Gettysburg, 
which  is  described  in  the  most  vivid  colors.  Equal 
in  its  way  is  the  earlier  description  of  the  defeat, 
afterwards  turned  into  a  victory,  of  Shiloh.  The 
private  interest  is  supplied  by  a  young  woman  for 
whose  hand  two  officers  —  one  Federal  and  one 
Confederate  —  are  rivals.  How  the  former  wins 
her,  and  escapes  with  her  from  under  the  very  nose 
of  his  enemy,  is  a  story  told  with  much  ingenuity. 
The  sympathies  of  the  book,  while  turning  in  favor 
of  the  North,  do  not  a  little  to  make  us  understand 
and  admire  the  devotion  and  the  heroism  that  did 
such  desperate  deeds  in  behalf  of  the  cause  that 
was  foredoomed  from  the  outset. 

As  a  master  of  the  novel  in  which  romantic  or 
sentimental  incident  forms  the  chief  source  of  inter- 
est, Mr.  Egerton  Castle  is  probably  unsurpassed  by 
any  of  his  contemporaries.  And  if  we  set  aside 
Mr.  Hardy  and  Mr.  Meredith,  as  being  obviously 


308 


THE    DIAL, 


[Nov.  1, 


hors  concours,  we  should  hesitate  to  designate  as  his 
superior  any  other  living  English  writer  of  fiction. 
It  is  only  a  few  years  since  this  brilliant  novelist 
appeared  upon  the  horizon,  and  already  his  work 
challenges  comparison  with  all  but  the  best  we  have. 
His  new  novel,  entitled  "  Consequences,"  although 
less  romantic  in  setting  than  "  The  Light  of  Scar- 
they,"  is  fully  as  interesting,  and  readers  will  be 
glad  to  know  that  it  is  also  fully  as  long.  The  plot 
is  somewhat  threadbare,  being  that  of  the  man  who, 
becoming  involved  in  a  tangle  of  difficulties,  finds 
a  way  out  by  means  of  a  pretended  suicide,  and 
begins  life  over  again  under  a  new  name.  As  is 
usually  the  case,  the  consequences  of  this  act  pur- 
sue the  actor,  and  in  the  present  instance  prove  so 
fateful  that  the  author  could  have  found  no  better 
title  for  his  book  than  that  one  word.  But  Mr. 
Castle's  stories,  as  such,  are  uot^articularly  remark- 
able ;  what  is  remarkable  about  his  books  is  the 
charm  of  their  diction,  the  richly  observant  mind 
which  they  reveal,  the  fine  sense  of  relations  and 
proportions  which  they  illustrate,  and  the  true  ring 
of  their  sympathies.  In  all  these  respects,  "Con- 
sequences" is  a  noteworthy  novel,  and,  for  readers 
intent  upon  entertainment,  will  prove  a  source  of 
unalloyed  pleasure. 

Those  who  followed  the  boyhood  years  of  "Sen- 
timental Tommy  "  with  delight  in  the  conception 
of  his  character,  and  amusement  at  the  inventions 
of  his  precocious  imagination,  have  been  awaiting 
with  considerable  eagerness  the  story  of  his  later 
career  as  a  famous  writer.  Some,  impatient  of  the 
delay,  have  had  resort  to  the  last  device  of  the  des- 
perate impatient,  and  have  been  taking  "  Tommy 
and  Grizel"  on  the  plan  of  monthly  instalments. 
We,  having  awaited  the  book  itself,  must  now  con- 
fess to  the  disappointment  which  it  has  occasioned 
us.  It  opens  attractively  enough,  and  for  a  few 
chapters  seems  to  promise  a  sustention  of  the  old 
charm ;  but  after  awhile  the  writer's  invention  fails 
him,  he  resorts  to  more  and  more  questionable 
expedients  to  keep  the  story  going,  and  —  we  are 
loath  to  make  the  statement — Tommy  becomes 
distinctly  tiresome.  We  do  not  mourn  his  demise 
when  the  author  gets  through  with  his  biography, 
and  are  inclined  to  congratulate  Grizel  upon  having 
made  a  good  riddance.  The  simple  fact  is  that 
Tommy's  imagination  assumes  a  development  that 
is  positively  diseased,  and  the  balance  of  faculty 
that  we  naturally  expected  would  come  to  him  with 
maturity  is  nowise  attained.  Considered  even  as  a 
child  of  genius  he  does  things  that  are  inexplicable 
upon  any  rational  theory,  and  his  vagaries,  ceasing 
to  illustrate  any  consistent  conception  of  character, 
become  as  whimsical  as  those  in  which  Mr. 
Stockton,  for  example,  finds  his  account.  The  book 
is  a  melancholy  illustration  of  the  danger  that  lies 
in  writing  sequels. 

"The  West  End,"  by  Mr.  Percy  White,  is  a 
novel  of  English  society,  written  by  one  who  is 
thoroughly  conversant  with  the  life  of  the  "  classes," 
but  who  does  not  take  that  life  too  seriously,  and 


contrives  to  tell  a  story  of  real  human  interest. 
The  narrative  is  in  the  first  person,  the  narrator 
being  a  dependent  relative  of  the  wealthy  parvenu 
whose  family  affairs  provide  the  subject-matter. 
Installed  in  this  household  as  a  sort  of  private  sec- 
retary, his  shrewd  intelligence  makes  him  indispens- 
able to  the  several  members  of  the  family,  and  his 
diplomacy  is  successful  in  dealing  with  one  critical 
situation  after  another.  His  inquisitiveness  and 
double-dealing  are  not  altogether  admirable  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  strictest  ethics,  but  he  keeps 
in  the  good  graces  of  all  concerned,  and  brings  to  a 
satisfactory  issue  the  matters  with  which  he  is  mixed 
up.  The  light  satirical  touch  of  the  author  enlivens 
many  a  chapter  of  the  book,  and  is  slightly  suggestive 
of  the  manner  of  Cherbuliez.  We  have  thought  of 
"  Le  Secret  du  Prdcepteur  "  more  than  once  during 
the  perusal,  which  is  no  mean  praise  for  this  enter- 
taining story. 

Mr.  Clive  Holland's  "  Marcelle  of  the  Quarter  " 
is  a  slight  story  of  the  Pays  latin  and  the  life  of 
models  and  studios.  The  charming  heroine  is  a 
child  left  an  orphan  by  the  death  of  the  model  who 
gave  her  birth,  and  adopted  by  a  rising  young 
English  artist.  She  grows  up  to  be  a  beautiful 
woman,  and  her  protector  discovers  that  he  lovea 
her  otherwise  than  as  an  adopted  father.  The 
usual  young  man  then  appears  upon  the  scene,  and 
seeks  to  win  her,  but  in  this  case,  contrary  to  the 
usual  pathetic  tradition,  she  prefers  to  cling  to  her 
elderly  lover,  with  whom  she  is  in  the  end  happily 
married.  The  story  is  pleasingly  told,  and  is  free 
from  the  impure  suggestiveness  we  are  apt  to  asso- 
ciate with  the  sort  of  life  which  it  describes. 

"  The  Dishonor  of  Frank  Scott,"  by  Miss  M. 
Hamilton,  is  a  story  told  in  so  winning  a  fashion 
that  we  are  half  inclined  to  excuse  the  disagreeable, 
if  not  impossible,  character  of  its  theme.  A  hero 
in  whom  there  is  nothing  that  can  possibly  be  ad- 
mired is  a  pretty  serious  handicap  to  a  work  of 
fiction,  and  it  takes  some  art  to  interest  us  in  such 
a  person  at  all.  We  certainly  do  get  interested  in 
Frank  Scott,  although  he  becomes  a  bigamist  with 
his  eyes  open,  bringing  shame  and  misery  upon  the 
two  women  who  are  attracted  by  his  worthless  per- 
son, and,  were  his  crime  any  less  despicable  than  it 
is,  we  might  feel  a  certain  sympathy  for  him.  The 
writer  clearly  intends  that  we  should,  which  consti- 
tutes the  fatal  blot  upon  her  work.  The  scene  is 
laid  in  British  India,  and  shows  some  familiarity 
with  local  conditions  as  far  as  they  affect  the  life 
of  the  English  resident. 

The  story  of  "  My  New  Curate,"  by  the  Kev. 
P.  A.  Sheehan,  has  little  of  the  ordinary  interest 
of  a  work  of  fiction,  but  it  is  better  worth  reading 
than  nine  novels  out  of  ten.  There  is  no  love-story, 
except  for  an  episode  of  subordinate  inportance, 
and  there  is  nothing  in  the  way  of  plot,  or  intrigue, 
or  adventure.  Just  the  humble  annals  of  an  Irish 
sea-coast  hamlet,  related  by  the  parish  priest,  and 
concerned  with  the  simple  incidents  of  his  daily 
ministrations —  these,  and  nothing  more,  are  offered 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


309 


us  by  this  unpretentious  book.  Its  appeal  is  made 
to  us  by  force  of  sheer  humanity,  and  by  the  grace 
of  the  writer's  gentle  and  unaffected  piety.  Our 
sympathies  are  enlisted  from  the  start,  and  we  fol- 
low with  unflagging  interest  the  fortunes  of  this 
servant  of  God,  this  genial  old-fashioned  scholar 
and  priest,  as,  with  the  aid  of  his  impetuous  and 
enthusiastic  "  new  curate,"  he  labors  for  the  spirit- 
ual welfare  of  his  flock.  There  is  something  too 
much  of  ceremonial  and  of  theological  disputation 
for  the  best  interests  of  the  book,  but  this  we  are 
willing  to  accept  for  the  sake  of  its  humor,  its 
steadfast  devotion  to  the  life  of  the  spirit,  and  its 
human  characterization.  It  is  the  sort  of  book  that 
leaves  a  pleasant  taste,  and  is  closed  with  reluctance. 
There  is  something  of  the  same  element  of  simple 
humanity,  of  sympathy  for  our  humble  fellow-men, 
and  of  the  disposition  to  discern  the  soul  of  good 
in  things  evil,  about  "The  Alabaster  Box,"  Sir 
Walter  Besant's  latest  novel.  Here  we  have  for 
our  scene,  not  an  Irish  parish,  but  a  London  slum, 
and  for  a  theme  the  work  of  one  of  those  philan- 
thropic settlements  that  have  already  done  so  much 
toward  pointing  the  way  for  an  effective  social  re- 
form. The  title  of  the  story  is  symbolical  of  the 
devotion  that  is  satisfied  with  nothing  less  than  the 
gift  of  self  —  not  merely  of  one's  time  or  means  — 
to  the  cause  of  suffering  humanity.  Nothing  can 
be  too  precious  for  that  sacrifice,  any  more  than  the 
scriptural  box  of  ointment  was  too  precious  for  its 
predestined  purpose.  This  simple  story,  which  is 
like  the  one  previously  mentioned  in  its  entire  lack 
of  the  elements  from  which  ordinary  fiction  derives 
its  interest,  is  concerned  wholly  with  the  determi- 
nation of  a  young  man,  the  heir  of  an  ill-gotten 
fortune,  to  atone  for  the  wrongs  by  which  that  for- 
tune had  been  amassed,  and  restore  to  society  what 
bad  been  wrested  from  it  by  the  cunning  and  harsh 
practices  of  his  father.  There  is  no  touch  of 
maudlin  sentimentality  about  the  treatment  of  this 
theme ;  the  problem  is  dealt  with  in  a  manly  and 
courageous  fashion,  and  the  outcome  is  ethically 
satisfactory.  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


It  is  perhaps  not  unusual  for  a  man 

iSt0ry  of  letters  to  be  tempted  from  his 
accustomed  domain  into  historical 
writing.  Like  Carlyle,  Macaulay,  and  many  others, 
Mr.  Andrew  Lang  has  shown  his  versatility  in  a 
new  light  by  bringing  out  a  volume  of  serious  his- 
tory. The  first  volume  of  his  "  History  of  Scot- 
land "  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.)  has  not  the  excuse  of 
passionate  inspiration  which  explained  Carlyle's 
account  of  the  French  Revolution ;  neither  is  it, 
nor  is  it  intended  to  be,  the  masterpiece  of  literary 
history  which  Macaulay's  laborious  effort  resulted 
in.  The  raison  d'etre  can  only  be  found  in  Mr. 
Lang's  love  for  his  home  people,  and  his  interest  in 


their  romantic  past.  The  volume  is  nevertheless 
history  in  its  best  sense,  written  with  all  the  sym- 
pathy of  an  enthusiast,  with  all  the  thoroughness  of 
a  scholar,  and  with  the  truthful  impartiality  of  the 
historian.  Indeed,  while  the  book  bears  evidence 
of  careful  investigation  into  ancient  documents  and 
manuscripts,  the  reader's  most  lasting  impression  is 
of  Mr.  Lang's  desire  to  be  absolutely  fair  and  just 
in  his  conclusions.  Of  course  there  are  many  times 
when  the  historian's  careful  examination  shatters 
some  ideal  of  Scottish  romance,  yet  with  apparent 
unwillingness  and  regret.  The  truth  will  out,  how- 
ever,—  as  when  the  author  finds  himself  compelled 
to  state  the  barbarities  of  Wallace,  or  the  many 
treacheries  of  Robert  Bruce  in  his  earlier  days. 
The  book  is  by  no  means  easy  reading.  This  does 
not  arise  from  any  mustiness  of  ideas  or  of  facts, 
but  rather  because  of  the  multiplicity  of  details  in- 
corporated into  the  history.  Yet  as  one  reads  on 
and  becomes  accustomed  to  the  method  pursued, 
this  difficulty  gradually  disappears.  In  spite  of  the 
detailed  method  of  statement,  there  has  been  created 
for  the  Scottish  people,  and  for  each  period,  an 
atmosphere  in  which  men  and  events  are  seen  with 
true  and  clear  vision.  This  is  the  best  feature  of 
the  book,  and  one  attempted  by  most  historians 
only  in  the  form  of  separate  and  didactic  statement. 
Here  it  is  not  stated  at  all,  but  it  is  woven,  with  fine 
technique,  into  the  web  of  story.  Details  soon  pass 
from  the  memory ;  but  a  knowledge  of  the  temper 
and  characteristics  of  the  Scottish  people  will  re- 
main to  all  readers  of  this  history.  Volume  I. 
covers  the  period  from  the  Roman  occupation  to 
the  murder  of  Cardinal  Beaton. 

Domestic  life  in  The  popularity  of  a  certain  order  of 
New  England  in  books  on  our  colonial  period  reflects 
the  isth  century.  tne  cravjng  of  a  new  nation  for  a 

historic  past.  Wealth  and  power,  and  the  prestige 
that  belong  to  them,  we  have  beyond  dispute.  We 
like,  also,  to  think  that  we  have  a  remote  heroic 
age  peculiarly  our  own  and  the  source  of  our  na- 
tional traits  and  virtues.  So,  somewhat  to  the 
amusement  of  an  old  world,  with  its  hoary  tradi- 
tions of  feudal  and  mediaeval  times  when  even 
royalty  was  an  innovator,  we  point  proudly  to  the 
day  before  yesterday  as  to  our  golden  antiquity, 
among  the  relics  and  muniments  of  which  antiqua- 
rians and  geologists  may  delve.  The  researches  of 
genealogy  have,  in  particular,  been  richly  rewarded 
of  late  ;  and  the  American  of  English  descent,  and 
with  a  liking  for  "  blood,"  who  cannot  boast  of  a 
colonial  or  Revolutionary  ancestor  or  two  is  poor 
indeed.  Carping  foreigners  and  satirical  citizens 
at  home  make  merry  over  our  new  aristocracy  of 
birth,  and  meanly  point  out,  among  other  things, 
that  the  modern  amended  passenger  list  of  the 
"  Mayflower  "  would  rather  tax  the  carrying  ca- 
pacity of  the  "  Great  Eastern."  But  we  are  a  great 
nation,  and  must  have  all  the  appanages  of  greatness, 
a  class  of  Eupatrids  among  the  rest.  Not  a  few 
of  the  books  of  which  we  started  out  to  speak  are 


THE    DIAL, 


[Nov.  1, 


largely  the  expression,  however,  of  the  scholarly 
instinct,  and  are  of  no  little  real  value  in  bringing 
to  light  and  preserving  records  of  bygone  days 
which  future  historians  must  paint.  The  little  vol- 
ume before  us  entitled  "The  Salt-Box  House" 
(Baker  &  Taylor  Co.),  by  Mrs.  Jane  de  Forest 
Shelton,  is  one  of  these  books  ;  and  its  purpose  is 
to  portray  domestic  life  in  a  typical  western  New 
England  town  of  the  eighteenth  century.  The 
narrative  is  compiled  largely  from  private  papers, 
and  is  tinged  with  a  tender  and  regretful  sentiment 
for  the  past,  which  is  evidently  genuine.  The  scene 
is  laid  in  the  portion  of  the  old  Connecticut  town 
of  Stratford,  which  was  once  called  Bipton ;  and 
the  family  whose  fortunes  are  chronicled  and  whose 
home  life  is  painted  belonged  to  the  better  class  of 
the  day  and  district.  The  manage  of  the  "  Salt- 
Box  House  "  was  certainly  simple  enough. 


An  excellent 
biography  of 
Paul  Jones. 


A  glamor  of  mystery  has  long  en- 
shrouded the  figure  of  Paul  Jones. 
The  sketches  and  biographies  of  him 
that  have  hitherto  appeared,  leaving  much  to  con- 
jecture, have  served  to  intensify  rather  than  to 
dispel  it  ;  and  thus  we  have  come  to  picture  this 
intrepid  and  gifted  free-lance  of  the  ocean,  not  so 
much  as  a  perfectly  realizable  and  relatively  mod- 
ern historical  character,  as  a  heroic  half-mythical 
figure  fixed  on  the  quarter-deck  of  the  "  Ranger" 
or  the  "  Bon  Homme  Richard,"  wrapped  in  the 
smoke  of  battle.  Material  enough,  however,  has 
always  existed  for  an  authentic  and  fairly  circum- 
stantial life  of  Jones,  that  should  leave  untouched 
no  essential  phase  of  his  strangely  varied  and  roman- 
tic though  somewhat  brief  career.  But  the  material 
has  been  scattered,  and  much  of  it  not  easy  of  ac- 
cess ;  and  the  use  that  has  heretofore  been  made  of 
it  has  been  most  unsatisfactory,  wherever  an  effort 
was  made,  or  ostensibly  made,  to  blend  the  facts  it 
conserved  into  a  biographical  whole.  That  a  sat- 
isfactory life  of  Jones,  which  should  remove  him 
from  cloud-land  and  show  him  to  posterity  as  his 
American  and  European  contemporaries  knew  him, 
awaited  only  the  advent  of  a  writer  competent  to 
undertake  it,  is  amply  proved  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Buell's 
spirited  work  in  two  volumes  entitled  "  Paul  Jones, 
Founder  of  the  American  Navy  "  (Scribner).  Mr. 
Buell  has  ransacked  the  records,  private  and  official, 
and  consulted  and  collated  the  authorities,  English 
and  foreign.  The  book  is  really  the  fruit  of  pains- 
taking research  and  extended  effort  ;  and  no  student 
of  our  maritime  history  can  afford  to  neglect  it.  It 
is  neatly  gotten,  up,  and  contains  two  portraits  (one 
in  colors)  of  Jones,  and  a  few  other  cuts. 


A  serviceable 
reference-book  of 

Russian  history. 


r*  Hector  H.  Munro's  account  of 
The  Rise  of  the  Russian  Empire  " 

C     page   &    ^    wou,d    be    ftn 

excellent  reference-book  if  it  were  supplied  with  a 
good  index.  The  statement  of  the  rise  of  the 
Rurikovitch  dynasty,  from  the  time  of  the  first 
Russ-Varongian  invaders  in  862  to  the  extinction  of 


the  house  in  the  sixteenth  century,  is  given  with  a 
true  appreciation  of  important  events,  and  with  a 
clear  method.  The  history  of  this  period  has  evi- 
dently been  studied  with  thoroughness  in  such  few 
sources  as  are  available,  and  other  authorities  have 
been  freely  consulted.  Thus  the  book  becomes  a 
valuable  addition  to  a  working  library  on  history, 
—  or,  rather,  it  would  be  so  were  it  not  for  the  in- 
completeness of  the  aforementioned  index.  A 
masterpiece  of  historical  writing  the  book  is  not, 
either  in  style,  or  in  characterization  of  races  and 
epochs.  The  style  is  not  bad,  it  is  merely  medi- 
ocre, reminding  one  of  the  dry  dust-and-bones 
writings  of  pedagogical  historians,  save  only  when 
the  author  has  attempted  to  enliven  his  narrative 
by  humorous  comment,  —  and  then  the  impression 
received  is  decidedly  unfavorable,  for  such  witti- 
cisms only  rob  the  writing  of  its  dignity  without 
improving  its  general  tone  in  the  least.  That 
luminous  picture  of  peoples  and  of  epochs,  ex- 
pected in  these  days  from  writers  of  general  his- 
tories, is  entirely  lacking  in  Mr.  Munro's  book,  — 
unless,  indeed,  an  exception  be  made  in  favor  of 
the  portrayal  of  Russian  political  disorder  and  tur- 
moil. This  failure  is,  however,  not  the  fault  of  the 
author,  but  of  his  subject  ;  for  surely  it  would  be 
difficult  for  the  most  gifted  historian  to  evolve  any 
exact  and  clear-cut  characterizations  from  the 
chaotic  jumble  of  Russian  politics,  rulers,  and  races, 
in  their  earlier  history.  The  author  closes  his 
account  just  when  the  Russian  nation  begins  to 
assume  a  definite  entity,  and  so  denies  himself  the 
opportunity  of  showing  his  ability  in  dealing  with 
a  period  where  the  subject  people  are  better  known, 
and  the  policy  of  rulers  is  more  clearly  defined. 
As  a  whole,  the  "Rise  of  the  Russian  Empire  " 
is  a  serviceable  book  of  reference,  but  it  is  not  a 
great  history.  _ 


New  series  of  Globe  School  Book  Co.  signal- 

Engiish  classics  izes  its  entrance  into  the  educational 
for  school  use.  ggj^  |jy  I88uing  ten  volumes  in  a  new 

"  Star  Series  of  English  Classics."  They  are  de- 
voted to  the  required  texts  for  college  entrance,  as 
follows  :  Burke  on  "  Conciliation,"  edited  by  Miss 
Mary  A.  Jordan  ;  Coleridge's  "  Ancient  Mariner," 
edited  by  Mr.  Carlton  E.  Noyes  ;  Cooper's  "  Last 
of  the  Mohicans,"  edited  by  Dr.  William  Strunk, 
Jr.  ;  George  Eliot's  "  Silas  Marner,"  edited  by  Dr. 
Arthur  H.  Quinn  ;  Goldsmith's  "  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field,"  edited  by  Professor  William  Hand  Browne  ; 
Milton's  shorter  poems,  edited  by  Professor  Edward 
E.  Hale,  Jr.  ;  Scott's  "  Ivanhoe,"  edited  by  Pro- 
fessor Carroll  L.  Maxey;  Shakespeare's  "Macbeth," 
edited  by  Professor  Wilbur  L.  Cross  ;  Shakespeare's 
"  Merchant  of  Venice,"  edited  by  Miss  Helen  Gray 
Cone;  and  Tennyson's  "The  Princess,"  edited  by 
Miss  Mary  Bowen.  Great  pains  have  been  taken 
to  supply  these  editions  with  trustworthy  texts,  and 
the  editorial  apparatus  includes,  in  several  cases 
at  least,  a  considerable  amount  of  special  pedagog- 
ical material  in  the  shape  of  questions,  rhetorical 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


311 


exercises,  and  suggestions  for  study.  The  volumes 
all  have  illustrations,  rather  elaborate  introductions, 
and  notes,  the  latter  appearing  at  the  end.  The 
series  seems  to  us  an  altogether  admirable  one,  and 
augurs  well  for  the  future  activity  of  the  new  firm 
of  publishers.  

The  law  in  What  is  variously  known  as  medical 

its  relation  jurisprudence,  or  forensic  medicine, 

to  physician*.  ig   taught   Jn   the   law  8Chools    of   the 

United  States  by  lawyers  and  in  the  medical  schools 
by  physicians.  It  was  suggested,  some  years  ago, 
that  the  latter  institutions  of  learning  would  be  bene- 
fitted  in  no  small  degree  by  hearing  lawyers  discuss 
he  problems  arising  on  the  confines  of  law  and  of 
medicine  as  well,  presenting  another  point  of  view, 
and  that  the  one  invariably  held  when  medicine  is 
called  in  to  assist  in  the  determination  of  litigation, 
whether  civil  or  criminal.  As  a  text-book  to  this 
end,  in  part,  is  to  be  considered  "The  Law  in  its 
Relation  to  Physicians  "  (Appleton),  by  Mr.  Arthur 
N.  Taylor,  LL.B.,  of  the  New  York  bar.  Mr. 
Taylor  has  embodied  in  a  duodecimo  of  rather 
more  than  five  hundred  pages  a  mass  of  adjudi- 
cated cases  which  should  serve  as  a  complete  guide 
to  the  medical  practitioner,  so  far  as  his  legal  re- 
sponsibilities for  his  professional  contact  with  his 
patients  is  concerned,  with  such  lessons  drawn  from 
them  as  can  be  naturally  inferred  in  a  science  so 
inexact  as  the  law.  The  work  covers  all  matters  on 
both  the  civil  and  criminal  sides  of  medical  juris- 
prudence, and  is  enlivened  by  many  curious  and 
entertaining  incidents. 

Writtenfrom  ^r'  Henry  Clews's  book  entitled 
the  Wail  street  "The  Wall  Street  Point  of  View" 
point  of  view.  (Silver,  Burdett  &  Co.)  is  the  clear- 
cut  and  incisive  statement  of  the  opinions  on  cur- 
rent questions,  political,  financial,  and  commercial, 
of  a  keen  and  prosperous  man  of  business  who  has 
"  succeeded  in  life,"  and  is  therefore  pretty  generally 
satisfied  with  things  as  he  found  them.  In  point 
of  ideals,  Mr.  Clews  does  not,  as  Emerson  phrased 
it,  exactly  "hitch  his  wagon  to  a  star";  but  his  book 
is  full  of  hard  sense  if  not  of  high  thinking.  Among 
the  topics  treated  are  the  Railroad  Question,  Trusts 
and  Corporations,  Panics  and  their  Indications, 
Speculation  and  Business,  the  Cleveland  Adminis- 
tration, the  Masses  and  the  Classes,  the  Nation's 
Credit,  etc.  There  is  a  leaven  of  illustrative  anec- 
dote throughout,  and  the  style  is  easy  and  colloquial. 
The  "  business  man  "  will  find  Mr.  Clews's  book 
pleasant  and  satisfying  reading,  and  an  arsenal  of 
useful  "  points."  

Such  difficult  readers  as  feel  that 
they  would  like  to  know  more  of 
"David  Harum"  than  can  be  got 
from  the  popular  novel  of  that  name,  may  find 
their  account  in  the  little  book  called  "  The  Real 
David  Harum "  (Baker  &  Taylor  Co.),  by  Mr. 
Arthur  T.  Vance,  who  tells  us  all  about,  or  quite  as 
much  as  the  most  exacting  reader  ought  to  want  to 


Genesis  of 
the  hf.ro  of  a 
popular  novel. 


know  about,  the  original  of  the  homespun  hero  of 
Mr.  Westcott's  widely-read  novel.  This  original, 
we  learn,  was  one  David  Hannum,  a  quaint  village 
character  of  northern  New  York,  whom  a  former 
neighbor  describes  as  "  an  ordinary  sort  of  an  amus- 
ing cuss,"  a  characterization  which  Mr.  Vance's 
pages  rather  serve  to  bear  out.  Mr.  Westcott  must 
be  credited  with  having  turned  a  most  unpromising 
subject  to  good  account  in  his  novel.  The  book  is 
copiously  illustrated  from  photographs. 

A  volume  on  Stonewall  Jackson  by 

Short  L^e,  of          M       Q      j    Hovey     and    one    on    gam 

great  Americans.  / ' 

Houston  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Barnwell 
Elliott,  are  pleasant  as  well  as  profitable  little  vol- 
umes in  the  "  Beacon  Biographies  "  series  (Small, 
Maynard  &  Co.).  Young  readers  particularly  will 
be  delighted  with  these  crisp,  vivid,  and  direct  lit- 
tle narratives,  the  former  of  which  is  of  especial 
value  by  reason  of  the  formative  impression  it  gives 
of  a  high  and  steadfast,  if  severely  simple,  character. 
No  story  of  frontier  adventure  yields  in  interest 
to  the  true  tale  of  the  life  of  Sam  Houston ;  and 
Mrs.  Elliott  tells  it  well.  Both  authors  seem  to 
have  made  good  use  of  the  authorities ;  and  ample 
references  are  supplied  for  those  who  care  to  pursue 
the  subject  further  in  fuller  and  weightier  works. 
Each  volume  has  its  portrait. 


BRIEFER   MENTION. 


The  library  edition  of  the  writings  of  Alphonse 
Daudet,  for  some  time  in  course  of  publication  by 
Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  should  now,  we  imagine, 
although  we  have  lost  the  count,  be  well  on  the  way 
toward  completion.  The  two  volumes  just  added  to 
the  set  contain  the  three  "  Tarascon  "  novels,  besides  a 
collection  of  sketches  and  short'  stories  called  "  Studies 
and  Landscapes."  Those  volumes  have  been  translated 
by  Miss  Wormeley  with  her  customary  skill,  and  no 
slight  addition  to  their  attractiveness  is  made  by  the 
special  introductory  essays  which  Professor  W.  P.  Trent 
contributes.  The  first  two  "  Tartarin  "  books  have  a 
volume  together  ;  the  other  volume  contains  "  Port 
Tarascon  "  and  the  miscellany  already  noted. 

Among  the  latest  issues  in  the  "  Temple  Classics  " 
(Dent-Macmillan),  chief  interest  attaches  to  the  first 
volume  in  what  will  eventually  form  a  complete  English 
translation  of  the  old  thirteenth- century  allegory  of 
"  The  Romance  of  the  Rose."  The  translator  who  has 
undertaken  this  formidable  task  is  Mr.  F.  S.  Ellis, 
whose  previous  work  in  the  same  field  will  be  gratefully 
remembered.  The  inclusion  of  this  important  literary 
undertaking  in  such  a  series  as  the  "  Temple  Classics  " 
reflects,  no  little  credit  on  the  enterprise  of  the  publish- 
ers. Other  recent  volumes  in  the  same  series  include 
"Tully's  Offices,"  in  the  English  of  Roger  L'Estrange; 
"  Areopagitica,  and  Other  Tracts,"  by  John  Milton  ; 
Vols.  III.  to  V.  in  the  ten-volume  edition  of  Caxton's 
version  of  "The  Golden  Legend";  the  first  of  five  vol- 
umes containing  the  Essays  of  Lord  Macaulay;  and 
William  Hazlitt's  "  Essays  on  the  English  Comic  Wri- 
ters." The  last-named  volume  has  the  additional  recom- 
mendation of  Mr.  Austin  Dobson's  editorial  supervision. 


312 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


NOTES. 


A  "Grammar  School  Arithmetic,"  by  Mr.  A.  R. 
Hornbrook,  has  just  been  published  by  the  American 
Book  Co. 

"  A  Christmas  Sermon,"  by  Robert  Louis  Stevenson, 
is  a  charming  booklet  publication  of  Messrs.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons. 

Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.  publish  "The  Foundations  of 
French,"  a  text-book  by  Messrs.  Fred  D.  Aldrich  and 
Irving  L.  Foster. 

Messrs.  B.  H.  Sanborn  &  Co.  send  us  "  A  Beginner's 
Book  in  Latin,"  the  work  of  Messrs  Hiram  Tuell  and 
Harold  North  Fowler. 

"  Elizabeth  and  her  German  Garden "  reappears 
once  again,  in  a  new  edition  with  added  matter,  from 
the  press  of  the  Macmillan  Co. 

"  An  Indian  Giver  "  and  "  The  Smoking  Car  "  are 
two  farces  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Howells,  now  published  in 
booklet  form  by  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

"  The  Spanish  Verb,  with  an  Introduction  on  Spanish 
Pronunciation,"  by  Lieutenant  Peter  E.  Traub,  is  a 
recent  educational  publication  of  the  American  Book  Co. 

"  A  New  English  Grammar  for  Schools,"  by  Mr. 
Thomas  W.  Harvey,  is  a  revision  of  the  author's  earlier 
work  upon  the  subject,  and  is  published  by  the  Amer- 
ican Book  Co. 

Mr.  G.  R.  Carpenter's  "  Elements  of  Rhetoric  and 
English  Composition,"  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co., 
is  offered  as  "  second  high  school  course  "  supplemen- 
tary to  the  one  offered  in  a  previous  volume  by  the 
same  author. 

Mr.  Frederic  Harrison's  "  The  Meaning  of  History 
and  Other  Historical  Pieces,"  which  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  volumes  of  essays  that  late  years  have  pro- 
duced, is  now  republished  by  the  Messrs.  Macmillan  in 
a  new  edition  at  a  lowered  price. 

Thackeray's  "English  Humourists,"  edited  with 
much  interesting  apparatus  by  Professor  W.  L.  Phelps, 
is  the  newest  volume  in  the  series  of  "  English  Read- 
ings "  which  have  been  in  course  of  publication  by 
Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  for  several  years  past. 

"  The  Storied  West  Indies,"  by  Mr.  Frederick  A. 
Ober,  is  a  volume  in  the  series  of  "  Appletons'  Home 
Reading  Books,"  and  exemplifies  once  more  the  skill 
and  judgment  which  have  gone  into  the  making  of  that 
exceptionally  commendable  series  of  school  publications. 

Scott's  "  Ivanhoe,"  edited  by  Mr.  A.  M.  Hitchcock  ; 
Carlyle's  essay  on  Burns,  edited  by  Mr.  Willard  C. 
Gore ;  and  Macaulay's  essay  on  Warren  Hastings, 
edited  by  Mrs.  Margaret  J.  Frick,  are  three  new 
volumes  in  the  "  Pocket  English  Classics "  of  the 
Macmillan  Co. 

Sir  W.  M.  Conway's  "  The  Alps  from  End  to  End," 
and  Major  L.  A.  Waddell's  "  Among  the  Himalayas," 
are  two  of  the  most  important  works  of  travel  published 
of  late  years,  and  both  now  reappear  in  new  and  cheap- 
ened editions  from  the  press  of  the  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 
They  are  abundantly  and  beautifully  illustrated. 

Nothing  is  more  gratifying  to  those  actively  interested 
in  the  teaching  of  history  than  the  recent  multiplication 
of  books  and  pamphlets  containing  source-material  in 
easily  accessible  form.  The  latest  publication  of  this 
description  is  the  "  Source-Book  of  English  History  " 
(Holt)  prepared  by  Dr.  Guy  Carleton  Lee.  It  is  a 
thick  volume  of  six  hundred  pages,  containing  extracts 


which  cover  the  whole  course  of  English  history,  even 
including  the  war  in  South  Africa.  Documentary  and 
descriptive  or  narrative  material  are  provided  in  about 
equal  parts,  and  a  valuable  bibliography  greatly  en- 
hances the  usefulness  of  the  work. 

The  Jewish  Publication  Society  of  America,  encour- 
aged by  the  success  of  the  "  American  Jewish  Year 
Book,"  published  last  year,  have  issued  a  second  vol- 
ume for  the  year  just  ended,  and  expect  to  make  the 
publication  a  regular  annual  undertaking.  The  work 
is  greatly  increased  in  size  and  consequently  in  useful- 
ness for  reference. 

The  Valois  romances  of  Alexandre  Dumas  have  been 
republished  in  a  three-volume  set  by  Messrs.  T.  Y. 
Crowell  &  Co.  They  include  "  La  Reine  Margot," 
"  La  Dame  de  Monsoreau,"  and  "  Les  Quarante-Cinq," 
and  have  been  newly  translated  with  much  care.  A 
series  of  full-page  original  illustrations  adds  greatly  to 
the  attractiveness  of  this  edition. 

Dr.  Lyman  C.  Newell's  "  Experimental  Chemistry  " 
(Heath)  is  essentially  a  laboratory  manual  for  students 
in  secondary  schools,  and  shows  evidence  of  great  care 
and  thoroughness  in  its  compilation.  The  fact  that  the 
entire  work  has  been  read  for  suggestions  and  correc- 
tions by  nearly  a  score  of  the  most  competent  teachers 
of  the  subject,  should  commend  the  work  to  favorable 
consideration. 

The  "  Cambridge  "  single-volume  editions  of  English 
and  American  poets,  which  Mr.  H.  E.  Scudder  has  been 
editing  so  acceptably,  seem  to  have  justified  their  ex- 
istence from  the  publishers'  point  of  view,  since  every 
year  brings  a  new  volume  to  the  series.  Mrs.  Brown- 
ing is  the  poet  now  presented,  with  the  accompaniment 
of  a  graceful  introductory  essay,  and  a  few  pages  of 
useful  notes. 

Two  "  Temple  Primers,"  in  addition  to  those  pre- 
viously noticed  by  us,  are  "  The  Human  Frame  and  the 
Laws  of  Health,"  by  Drs.  Rebinann  and  Seller  ;  and 
"  Judgment  in  Literature,"  by  Mr.  W.  Basil  Worsfold. 
They  are  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  The  same 
publishers  send  us  a  new  edition,  in  a  single  volume,  of 
the  "  Letters  of  Matthew  Arnold,"  edited  by  Mr. 
George  W.  E.  Russell. 

"  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Hygiene  for  High 
Schools,"  by  Dr.  Henry  F.  Howes,  has  been  published 
by  the  American  Book  Co.,  and  "  A  General  Physiology 
for  High  Schools,"  by  Messrs.  M.  L.  Macy  and  H.  W. 
Norris,  by  the  same  firm.  There  is  the  usual  exagger- 
ated stress  upon  alcohol  and  tobacco,  although  the 
treatment  of  these  subjects  is  not  quite  so  offensive  to 
the  scientific  mind  as  is  frequently  the  case  in  books  of 
this  sort. 

Messrs.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  are  the  American 
agents  for  the  new  "  Monthly  Review,"  edited  by  Mr. 
Henry  Newbolt,  and  published  by  Mr.  John  Murray. 
The  first  number  has  just  appeared,  and  its  contents, 
which  are  at  least  upon  the  level  of  the  best  of  its  fellow- 
monthlies,  bespeak  the  favorable  consideration  of  the 
most  intelligent  class  of  readers.  An  editorial  section 
affords  a  novelty,  and  Mr.  Newbolt's  poem  represents 
a  feature  which  we  trust  will  be  continued.  In  appear- 
ance, the  new  review  distances  all  its  rivals.  Its  dig- 
nity and  beauty  of  type,  page,  and  cover,  place  the 
periodical  in  a  class  of  its  own,  and  set  a  standard  which 
others  would  do  well  to  imitate.  Finally,  we  mention 
the  fact  that  there  are  illustrations  which  really  illus- 
trate. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


TOPICS  IN  [LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

November,  1900. 

Arctic  Hunter's  Day,  An.    A.  J.  Stone.     World's  Work. 

Astronomer's  Friendship,  An.    Simon  Newcomb.    Atlantic. 

Bread-Making  at  Paris  Exposition.    H.  W.  Wiley.    Forum. 

British  General  Elector.    W.  T.  Stead.    Review  of  Reviews. 

Bryant,  Footprints  of.    Theodore  F.  Wolfe.     Lippincott. 

Burkersdorf  Heights.    Stephen  Crane.    Lippincott. 

Chaucer.    Ferris  Qreenslet.    Forum. 

China,  The  Powers'  Stakes  in.     World's  Work. 

China's  Greatest  Curiosity.    Frederic  Poole.    Lippincott. 

Chinese  Dragon,  Taming  the.    L.  J.  Davies.    Forum. 

Culture  for  New  Conditions.  M.  H.  Liddell.   World's  Work. 

Democratic  Campaign,  Management  of.   Review  of  Reviews. 

Democratic  Success,  Reasons  for.  Charles  A.  Towne.  Forum. 

English  Intelligence  Department.  Maj.  A.  Griffiths.  Forum. 

"  Europe  is  No  More."    Marc  Debrit.    International. 

FitzGerald,  Edward.    Bradford  Torrey.    Atlantic. 

Gifts  to  Colleges,  Ill-Gotten.    Vida  D.  Scudder.    Atlantic. 

Gossip,  A  Little.     Rebecca  Harding  Davis.     Scribner. 

Hall  of  Fame,  The.    H.  M.  MacCracken.    Rev.  of  Reviews. 

Hart,  Sir  Robert.    H.  C.  Whittlesey.    Atlantic. 

Infantry,  Mounted.    Maurice  A.  Low.    Forum. 

Iron,  Revival  and  Reaction  in.    Archer  Brown.    Forum. 

Irrigation  in  the  West.    W.  E.  Smyth.    Atlantic. 

Li  Hung  Chang.    John  W.  Foster.    International. 

Mill,  John  Stuart,  A  Letter  to.     W.  M.  Daniels.    Atlantic. 

Morocco.     Budgett  Meakin.    Forum. 

National  Campaigns,  Cost  of.     World's  Work. 

Nature-Pictures.    A.  R.  Dugmore.     World's  Work. 

Negro,  American,  at  Paris.     W.  E.  B.  DnBois.    Rev.  of  Rev. 

New  York  Cross  Streets.    Jesse  Lynch  Williams.     Scribner. 

Pacific  Coast,  The.    Josiah  Royce.    International. 

Pan- American  Conference,  The  Next.    W.  C.  Fox.    Forum. 

Paris  Fair,  Landscape  Features.    S.  Parsons,  Jr.    Scribner. 

Paris  Fair,  A  Camera  at  the.     D.  L.  Elmendorf.     Scribner. 

Parties,  American,  Defense  of.    W.  G.  Brown.    Atlantic. 

Predominant  Issue,  The.     W.  G.  Sumner.    International. 

Presidential  Chances,  Law  of.     World's  Work. 

Porto  Rican  Political  Beginnings.  John  Finley.   Rev.  of  Rev. 

Reader,  The  Gentle.    S.  McC.  Crothers.    Atlantic. 

Reading  for  Boys  and  Girls.    E.  T.  Tomlinson.    Atlantic. 

Republican  National  Committee,  Work  of.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 

Republicans,  Why  They  Should  Be  Endorsed.    Forum. 

Rome  as  a  Political  Bogey.     W.  S.  Davis.     World's  Work. 

Rural  State,  Riches  of  a.    W.  R.  Lighten.     World's  Work. 

Ruskin,  Art,  and  Truth.    John  La  Farge.    International. 

Russia,  Future  of.    Edmund  Noble.    Atlantic. 

Siberian  Railway,  The  Great.    Henry  Norman.    Scribner. 

Sociology,  Modern.    F.  H.  Giddings.    International. 

Trusts.    George  E.  Roberts.    Forum. 

Trusts  in  England.    Robert  Donald.    Review  of  Reviews. 

United  States  and  Australian  Federation  Compared.   Forum. 

World-Power,  Our  Growth  as  a.    F.  Emory.     World's  Work. 

Worship,  Primitive  Objects  of.    L.  Marillier.    International. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  ISO  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 

Prince  Charles  Edward.  By  Andrew  Lang.  Limited 
edition;  illus.  in  colors,  photogravure,  etc.,  large 4to,  un- 
cut, pp.  300.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $20.  net. 

Oliver  Cromwell.  By  John  Morley.  Illus,,  8vo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  486.  Century  Co.  $3.50. 

James  Martineau:  A  Biography  and  Study.  By  A.  W. 
Jackson,  A.M.  With  photogravure  portraits,  large  8vo, 
gilt  top,  pp.  459.  Little,  Brown,  «fc  Co.  $3. 

Theodore  Parker,  Preacher  and  Reformer.  By  John  White 
Chadwick.  With  portraits,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  422. 
Hough  ton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  $2. 


The  Life  of  Henry  George.  By  his  son,  Henry  George,  Jr. 
12mo,  pp.  634.  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Commodore  Paul  Jones.  By  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady. 
With  portrait,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  480.  "Great 
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314 


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[Nov.  1, 


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1900.] 


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Three  Splendid  Stories  for  Home  Reading. 

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320 


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[Nov.  1, 


15TH  THOUSAND  NOW  READY 

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ENGLISH-SPEAKING    WORLD 
THE  CRITICS,  THE  PRESS,  AND  THE  PUBLIC 

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Remarkable  Historical  Novel 

"A  KENT  SQUIRE" 

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THE    DIAL 


321 


of  Interest  to  Cftougfjtful  Heaters 


McLOUGHLIN   AND  OLD 
OREGON 

A  Chronicle 
By  EVA    EMERY   DYE 

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MEMOIRS 


OF 


ALEXANDER  I. 

AND  THE 

COURT  OF  RUSSIA 

By 


Mme.  La  Comtesse  De 
CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER 

Translated  from  the  French  by 
MARY   BERENICE  PATTERSON 

With  Portraits 
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A  Romance  of 
ENGLISH    MONACHISM 

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12mo,  $1.50 

An  exceptionally  strong  and  inter- 
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clearness.  The  reader  will  find  in  this 
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ity, insight,  and  intense  human  interest. 

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PRIVATE   MEMOIRS   OF 
MADAME  ROLAND 

Edited,  with  an  Introduction 
By    EDWARD    GILPIN    JOHNSON 

Illustrated,  I2mo,  Gilt  Top 
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republicanism,  her  dissap- 
pointment  on  seeing  the  deeds 
done  by  the  French  Revolu- 
tionists in  the  name  of  Lib- 
erty, and  her  condemnation  to 
the  guillotine,  are  here  set 
forth  in  her  own  words  in  the 
form  of  personal  reminis- 
cences. The  inherent  interest 
of  the  work  is  enhanced  by 
the  editor's  careful  introduc- 
tion, which  explains  ade- 
quately the  circumstances  of 
the  memoirs. 


THE  LAST  YEARS 


OP  THE 


19th  CENTURY 


By   ELIZABETH 
WORMELEY  LAT1MER 

Author  of 

"France  in  the  I9th  Century," 
etc.,  etc. 

Illustrated,  Crown  8vo 

$2.50 

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in  one  volume  continued,  so  as  to  include  all  the 
events  of  note  up  to  the  very  close  of  the  19th 
Century.  The  book  will  thus  prove  a  valuable, 
not  to  say  indispensable,  supplement  to  the  former 
volumes  of  the  series.  Mrs.  Latimer's  large  circle 
of  appreciative  readers  may  now  anticipate  fresh 
enjoyment  of  her  elegant,  familiar  epistolary  style, 
her  clear  insight,  and  her  judicious  selection  of 
interesting  matter.  (Ready  in  November.) 


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322  THE     DIAL  [Nov.l, 


PENELOPE'S   EXPERIENCES. 

I.  ENGLAND.     II.  SCOTLAND.    By  KATE  DOUGLAS  WIGGIN.    Holiday  Edition.     With 
108  illustrations  by  Charles  E.  Brock.     2  vols.,  12mo,  handsomely  bound,  $4.00. 
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interest  engaged  at  the  outset  is  sustained  to  the  close  of  the  volume.  There  is  not  a  dull  paragraph  in  it,  hardly 
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Sold  by  all  Booksellers.     Sent,  postpaid,  by 

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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


323 


FAMOUS  POETS  IN  ATTRACTIVE  FORM 

Cambridge  Ctutum  *  - 

This  Edition  includes  THE  POETIC  AND  DRAMATIC  WORKS  of 

Longfellow  Holmes  Browning          Tennyson  Keats 

Whittier  Lowell  Burns  Milton  Scott 

Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning 

DISTINCTIVE   FEATURES   OF   THIS   EDITION 

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Titles  and  First  Lines,  Fine  Portraits,  Engraved  Title-Pages,  Large  Type,  Opaque  Paper 
and  Handsome  Library  Binding. 

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Browning,  $3.00. 

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time  to  put  into  a  single- volume  edition  the  works  of  the  most  noted  British  and  American  poets.  .  .  . 
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etc.  In  make-up  they  are  equally  desirable,  printed  in  large,  clear  type  on  opaque  paper,  and  bound  with 
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324 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


NELSON'S 


Fadle  PrincepS  is  what  a  promi- 
nent Professor  says  about 


NEW   SERIES 
OF 


TEACHERS'  BIBLES 


Which  contain  New  Helps,  350  Illustrations,  New  Concordance,  New  Maps. 

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L'AIQLON 

By  EDMOND  ROSTAND. 

Adapted  into  English  by  Louis  N.  PARKER. 

As  played  by  Miss  MAUDE  ADAMS. 
"  This   play   in   its   English  version   stands   out 
clean-cut,  tremendous,  like  a  star.      It  is  no  exag- 
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to  find  its  peer."  —  N.  T.  Evening  Sun. 
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A  sumptuous  edition,  illustrated  by  The  Brothers 
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"Tobago."  Price,  $1.50. 

KNICKERBOCKER'S 

HISTORY    OF    NEW    YORK 

By  WASHINGTON  IRVING. 
A  beautifully  illustrated  edition  of  the  authorized 
version.     Illustrated  with  eight  full-page  drawings 
by  Maxfield  Parrish.      Price,  $3.75. 


CATALOGUE 


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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


325 


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1900.]  THE    DIAL 


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Sarah       coniritaiM  the       The 

^J  J*  jy  £  opening  chapters  L   O  r  V 

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has  not  hitherto  been  developed. 

Kate          tell^e     Penelope's 
Douglas  w<»»'»4   Irish 
Wiggin  Experiences 

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/A  1901 

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The  Reconstruction  Period 

By  Trof.  Woodrota  Wilson  Hon.  Samuel  A.  McCall 

Thomas  ffelson  fage  Hon.  D.  H.  Chamberlain 

and  others 

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328 


[Nov.  1,  1900. 


THREE  IMPORTANT  BOOKS 


Sons  of  the  Morning 

By   EDEN   PHILLPOTTS, 

Author    of    "CHILDREN    OF    THE    MlST." 

8vo,  $1.50. 

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More  Famous  Homes 
of  Great  Britain 

And  Their  Stories.  Edited  by  A.  H.  MALAN. 
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PREVIOUSLY  ISSUED: 

Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain 

And  Their  Stories.  Edited  by  A.  H.  MALAN. 
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cloth,  $7.50  ;  full  morocco,  $15  00. 

HOMES  DESCRIBED:  Alnwick,  Blenheim, 
Charlecote,  Penshurst,  Hardwicke,  Chatsworth, 
Lyme,  Cawdor  Castle,  Belvoir  Castle,  Battle 
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THE  TROUBADOURS  AT  HOME 

Their   Lives   and  Personalities,  their  Songs,  and   their  World.     By  JUSTIN  H.   SMITH, 
Professor  of  Modern  History  in  Dartmouth  College.    178  illus'ns.     2  vols.,  8vo.    $6.00. 

The  idea  of  the  work  was  most  happy,  and  admirably  has  it  been  realized.  —  Critic. 

The  troubadours  were  not  mere  vagabond  minstrels,  but  the  elite  minds  of  a  remarkable  age  — 
soldiers,  diplomats,  and  princes  as  well  as  poets  and  musicians.  They  were  the  teachers  of  Dante  and 
Petrarch,  the  founders  of  our  literature,  music,  and  general  culture ;  and  without  knowing  them  we 
cannot  understand  modern  life  —  cannot  even  understand  ourselves. 

This  work  not  only  gives  all  the  significant  facts  about  them  in  the  light  of  recent  scientific 
scholarship,  but  reconstructs  their  world  and  places  them  in  it  as  real  personalities,  living,  loving,  and 
singing.  It  is  poetry,  romance,  and  travel  based  on  history  and  literary  criticism. 


NEEDED  :  ANNALES  DU  MIDI,  Paris  [Translation]:  "  It  fills  a  real  gap,  not  only  for  the  Anglo-Saxon 
public,  but  even  for  us."  THE  DIAL,  Chicago  :  "  By  far  the  most  ample  and  trustworthy  store  of  information 
about  the  troubadours  and  their  world  to  be  found  in  English."  CHURCHMAN,  New  York:  "  A  work  of 
unique  value." 

SCHOLARLY  :  ROMANIA,  Paris  [Translation]  :  "  The  list  of  sources  is  ample,  and  it  is  evident  that 
these  sources  have  been  used  with  care.  The  translations  iu  verse  or  prose  prove  a  real  knowledge  of  the 
Provencal  language."  AMERICAN  HISTORICAL  REVIEW:  "A  reliable  account  of  Provencal  lyric  poetry, 
expressed  in  easy,  familiar  language,  and  made  real  by  a  successful  attempt  to  restore  the  civilization  which 
produced  it." 


QD       DITT1V  A  H/I'C 
•     F  .     r  U  lilAiTl  O 


27  and  29  West  Twenty-third  Street,  New  York. 
24  Bedford  Street,  Strand,  London. 


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THE    DIAL 

^  SEMI-MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Criticism,  gboissiton,  anti  Information. 


EDITED  BY         )  Volume  XXIX.  nuTf^\r*r\    \rn\r    ia    t  nnn  10  c<*.  a  copy.  I  FINE  ARTS  BUILDING. 

FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE,  i          M.  340.  CHlUALrU,  INU  V  .   It),  1900.  82.  a  year.      \        Rooms  610-630-631. 


MILITARY  REMINISCENCES  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR 

By  JACOB  DOLSON  Cox,  A.M.,  LL.D.      With  portraits  and  maps.     2  vols.,  8vo,  $6  00  net. 
Probably  the  most  notable  authoritative  woik  of  those  that  yet  remained  to  be  written  about  the  Civil  War. 
General  Cox  figured  largely  in  the  contest,  as  a  participant,  being  one  of  the  generals  on  whom  Sherman,  his  immediate 
chief,  most  relied.    His  book  is  full  of  new  data  as  well  as  new  views. 

ITALIAN   CITIES 

By  E.  H.  and  E.  W.  BLASHFIELD,  Editors  of  "  Vasari's  Lives  of  the  Painters."     2  vols.     ISmo,  $4  00. 
The  Italian  cities,  some  phase  of  the  art  life  of  which  the  authors  have  presented  in  this  work,  are  Ravenna, 
Siena.  Florence.  Assist,  Mantua,  Perugia,  Parma,  and  Rome.    The  tone  of  the  book  is  authoritative,  the  method  of 
treatment  stimulating. 

SONGS  OF  TWO  A  GARDEN  OF  SIMPLES 

By  ARTHUB  SHERBURNE  HARDY.  By  MARTHA  BOCKEE  FLINT. 

Certain  poems  that  for  several  years  past  have  attracted  A  collection  of  sketches  and  essays  in  a  fresh  and  novel 

attention  in  their  individual  publication  for  qualities  as  quarter  of  the  great  field  of  nature.    The  legendary  and 

remarkable  as  the  author's  poetic  prose.  therapeutic  lore  of  plants  and  flowers  furnishes  matter 

12mo,  $1.00  net.  for  a  series  of  entertaining  dissertations.    l£mo,  $1.50. 

A  STUDY  OF  CHRISTIAN  MISSIONS 

By  WILLIAM  N.  CLARKE,  D.D.,  of  Colgate  University.   Author  of  "  An  Outline  of  Christian  Theology."   12mo,  $1.25. 

This  book  is  intended  to  set  forth  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  missionary  enterprise.     It  touches  upon 

motives,  methods,  and  existing  conditions,  calls  attention  to  the  significance  of  the  present  difficulties  growing  out  of  the 

situation  in  China,  and  claims  for  missions  a  place  among  the  activities  of  the  new  age  upon  which  the  world  is  entering. 

THE  FRIENDLY  YEAR 

From  the  Works  of  HENRY  VAN  DYKE. 

Chosen  and  Arranged  from  the  Works  of  Henry  van  Duke  by  George  Sidney  Webster, 
Pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Covenant,  New  York.     With  portrait      12mo,  $1  25. 

A  volume  of  selections  which  emphasize  the  extent  and  variety  of  Dr.  van  Dyke's  intellectual  and  spiritual 
interests,  and  brings  to  the  fore  the  cheery  "  blue-sky  philosophy  "  of  life  which  makes  his  essays,  stories,  and  poems 
so  companionable  and  helpful. 


BARRIE'S  TOMMY  AND  GRIZEL    illustrated,  509  pp.,  immo,  $1.50. 

"  The  story  is  by  far  Mr.  Barrie's  best."— Boston  Journal.    "  Stands  alone  as  a  bit  of  pure  literature."— Boston  Herald. 
"  It  is  far  greater  than  '  Sentimental  Tommy,'  alike  more  delicate  and  more  powerful.     It  is  one  of  the  very  few 
books  of  this  decade  that  have  within  them  a  promise  of  lasting  life."  —  N.  Y.  Mail  and  Express. 

THE     HOUSE    OF    EGREMONT  BV  the  Avthor  °f  "  The  Amateur  Cracksman." 

By  MOLLY  ELLIOT  SEAWKLL.  PECCAVI 

Illustrated.  515  pp.    $1  50.  By  E.  W.  HORNUNO. 

Full  of  action  and  adventure,   the   murders,   trials,  12mo   406  pp     $1  50. 

elopements,  and  battles  through  which  the  plot  of  Miss  A  novei  that  w;n  command  immediate  and  serious 

beawell  s   new   historical   novel   winds  its   way   give   a  attention  as  a  remarkable  study  of  character,  and  as  a 

graph.c  picture  of  1 7th  century  life  in  Europe.  work  of  striking  Hterary  quitliti|8. 

CRITTENDEN      A  Kentucky  Story  of  Love  and  War.     By  JOHN  Fox,  Jr.    12mo,  $1.25. 
The  longest  novel  Mr.  Fox  has  written  — a  story  of  action  and  a  story  of  sentiment,  full  of  strength  and  charm. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,   NEW   YORK 


330 


THE    DIAL 


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MR.  DOOLEY'S  PHILOSOPHY 

By  F.  P.  DUNNE.  His  best  and  ripest  work,  touching  life  in  phases  great  and  small  with 
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L'AIGLON 

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ROBINSON  CRUSOE 

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332 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


More  Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain 


Cotehele 
Knole 
(ilamis 
Blickllng  Hall 


HOMES   DESCRIBED. 
Longleat  Inveraray 

Levens  Hall  Rufford  Abbey 

Mount  Kdgcumhe     Naworth  Castle 
Wilton  house  Compton  Wynyates 


AND  THEIR  STORIES.  Edited  by  A.  H.  Malan. 
Among  the  writers  are  Lord  Sackville,  Lady  Glamis, 
Lady  Ernestine  Edgcumbe,  Countess  of  Pembroke, 
Lord  Savile,  and  A.  II.  Malan.  With  nearly  200  illustra- 
tions. Royal  8vo,  $7.50.  Full  morocco,  extra  net,  $15.00. 

Previously  Issued:    Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain  and  Their  Stories. 

vellum  cloth,  $7.50.     Full  morocco,  net,  $15.00. 
HOMES  DESCRIBED:    Alnwick,  Blenheim,  Charlecote,  Penshurst,  Hardwick,  Chatsworth,  Lyme,  Cawdor  Castle, 

Belvoir  Castle,  Battle  Abbey,  Holland  House,  Warwick  Castle. 

"  The  illustrations  make  an  unusually  urgent  appeal  for  precedence.    They  are  without  exception  the  heat  ever  published 
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200  illustrations.     Royal  8vo, 


Historic  Towns  of  the  Southern  States. 

With  175  illustrations.  Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  $3.50. 
CONTENTS  :  Baltimore— Annapolis  —  Frederick— Washington— 
Richmond— Williamsburg— Wilmington,  N.  C.  — Charleston— 
Louisville— Savannah  —St.  Augustine— Mobile— Montgomery 
—  Little  Rock  — New  Orleans  —  Vicksburg  — Knoxvllle  —  Nash- 
ville. 

Previously  Issued: 

Historic  Towns  of  New  England. 

With  166  illustrations.     8vo,  gilt  top,  $3.50. 
CONTENTS  :  Portland  —  Boston  —  Plymouth  —  Deerf ield  —  Rut- 
land —  Cambridge  —  Cape  Cod  Towns  —  Newport  —  Salem  — 
Concord  —  New  Haven  —  Providence  —  Hartford. 

Historic  Towns  of  the  Middle  States. 

With  160  illustrations.     8vo,  gilt  top,  $3.50. 
CONTENTS  :  Albany  —  Newburgh  —  New  York  —  Philadelphia- 
Saratoga  —  Tarry  town  —  Buffalo  —  Princeton  —  Schenectady  — 
Brooklyn  —  Pittsburgh  —  Wilmington. 


2 

vols. 


Twelve  Great  Actors. 
Twelve  Great  Actresses. 

By  EDWARD  ROBINS,  author  of  "  Echoes  of  the  Play- 
house," etc.     2  vols.,  containing,  together,  23  photo- 
gravure and  20  other  illustrations.    Sold  separately, 
each,  $2  50;  2  vols.  in  a  box,  per  set,  $5  00. 
THE  ACTOES  ARE  :  David  Oarrick  — John  Philip  Kemhle  — Ed- 
mund Kean  —  Junlus  Brutus  Booth—  Edwin  Forrest  —  Charles 
Macready  —  Charles  J.  Mathews  —  Edwin  Booth  — Charles  A. 
Fechter  — William  E.  Burton  —  Edward  A.  Sothern  —  Lester 
Wallack. 

THE  ACTRESSES  ARE  :  Anne  Bracegirdle  — Anne  Oldfield  —  Peg 
Woffington  — Mrs.  Ablngton  — Mrs.  Siddons  —  Dora  Jordan  — 
Perdita  Robinson  —  Fanny  Kemble—  Rachel  —  Charlotte  Cush- 
man— Adelaide  Neilson— Ristori. 

Mr.  Robins  has  prepared  two  volumes  of  undoubted  interest, 
written  in  an  attractive  style,  and  with  a  good  appreciation  of 
the  requirements  of  his  subject. 


THE  ROSSETTIS :  Dante  Gabriel  and  Christina. 

By  Elisabeth  Lucy  Gary.     With  27  illustrations  in  photogravure  and  other  illustrations.     Large  8vo,  $3.75. 
Following  her  volumes  on  Tennyson  and  Browning,  Miss  Gary  has  prepared  a  study  of  the  Rossettis.     The  material  at 
her  command  is  so  rich  and  varied  that  her  volume  will  be  found  of  the  greatest  interest  to  lovers  of  poetry  and  of  art. 

Companion  volumes  by  the  same  author: 

Tennyson  :  His  Homes,  His  Friends,  His  Work.    With  22  photogravure  illus'ns.    Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  $3.75. 
Browning  :  Poet  and  Man.     With  29  photogravure  illustrations.     Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  $3.75. 

The  New  York  Times  Saturday  Review  said  of  "Tennyson":  "Here,  trulv,  is  a  beautiful  book  —  beautiful  as  to 
typography  and  binding,  beautiful  as  to  theme,  beautiful  in  the  reverence  and  affection  with  which  that  theme  has  been 
seized  upon  and  elucidated.  Nothing  will  impress  her  readers  more  than  the  care  and  intelligence  with  which  Miss  Gary  has 
garnered  from  a  rich  and  varied  field  the  essential  and  striking  incidents  in  this  great  career." 


Literary  Hearthstones.     (4  vols.) 

Studies  of  the  Home  Life  of  Certain  Writers  and 
Thinkers.  By  MARION  HARLAND.  Fully  illustrated. 
IGmo,  price  per  volume,  $1.50.  Also  put  up  in  sets 
of  two  vols.  Per  set,  $3.00. 

HANNAH  MORE.  JOHN  KNOX. 

CHARLOTTE  BRONTE.     WILLIAM  COWPER. 

Love  Letters.    (2  vols.) 

By  MYRTLE  REED.  16mo,  gilt  tops,  each,  $1.75.  The 
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set,  $5.00. 

I.  LOVE  LETTERS  OF  A  MUSICIAN. 

II.  LATER  LOVE  LETTERS  OF  A  MUSICIAN. 

"  We  have  now  from  Miss  Reed's  pen  a  second  volume 
entitled  '  Later  Love  Letters  of  a  Musician,'  which  is  just  as 
rhythmical  and  musical  and  as  full  of  golden  adjectives  as 
the  other." — New  York  Commercial  Advertiser. 


2 
vols. 


The  Cricket  on  the  Hearth. 
A  Christmas  Carol. 

By  CHARLES  DICKENS.  An  entirely  new  edition  of 
these  two  famous  Christmas  stories.  The  set  con- 
tains 24  full-page  photogravures  and  numerous  other 
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Appropriate  as  both  of  these  tales  are  to  the  Christmas 

season,  the  daintiness  of  their  new  dress  will  make  them 

doubly  attractive  as  holiday  gifts. 

As  a  Companion  Set: 

Rip  Van  Winkle,  )    ^ 

The  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow.  {vols- 

By  WASHINGTON  IRVING.  The  set  contains  15  full- 
page  photogravures  and  numerous  other  illustrations, 
from  original  designs  by  F.  S.  Coburn.  2  vols.,  8vo, 
gilt  tops,  each  $1.75.  Per  set,  $3.50. 


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THE    DIAL 


333 


Some  Interesting  New  Publications 


THE  BEST  FICTION. 

THE  LANE  THAT 

HAD  NO  TURNING. 

By  GILBERT  PARKER. 

A  connected  aeries  of  Canadian  stories  cul- 
minating in  a  powerful  novelette  of  Pontiac. 
(Price,  $1.50.) 

THE  ST1CKIT 

MINISTER'S  WOOING. 
By  S.  R.  CROCKETT. 

A  collection  of  stories  making  a  book  which 
takes  an  abiding  hold  upon  one.  (10th  thous- 
and. Price,  $1.50.) 

ON  THE  WING  OF  OCCASIONS. 

By  JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS. 

Deals  with  the  "unwritten  history  "of  the 
Civil  War.  (Illustrated.  Price,  $1.50.) 

THE  LADY  OF  DREAMS. 
By  UNA  L.  SILBERRAD. 

The  dramatic  story  of  an  unique  girl  in  the 
poorer  quarter  of  London.  (Price,  $1.50.) 

IN   HOSTILE   RED. 

By  J.  A.  ALTSHELER. 

A  stirring  and  exciting  romance  of  the  Mon- 
mouth  Campaign.  (Price,  $1.50.) 

A  WOMAN  OF  YESTERDAY. 
By  CAROLINE  A.  MASON. 

A  tale  of  religious  experience,  introducing 
the  Missionary  Problem.  (Price,  $1.50.) 

LORD  JIM. 
By  JOSEPH  CONRAD. 

An  intensely  human  story  of  profound 
psychological  insight.  (Price,  $1.60. ) 

A  WOMAN  TENDERFOOT. 

By  GRACE  GALLATIN 
SETON-THOMPSON. 

Specific  advice  for  women  on  camping-dress, 
outfit,  etc.  (The  illustrations  by  Ernest  8e- 
ton-Thompson  and  E.  M.  Ashe.  Price,  $2.00.) 


For  Younger  Readers. 

THE  WILD  ANIMAL  PLAY. 
By  ERNEST  SETON-THOMPSON. 

A  charming  little  drama  of  the  "critters" 
who  have  become  our  personal  friends  through 
the  aut  hor's  books.  (Illustrations  and  music. 
Price,  50  cents.) 

UNDER  THE  GREAT  BEAR. 
By  KIRK  MUNROB. 

A  story  of  adventure  in  Labrador  and  the 
Arctic  Sea.  (Illustrated.  Price,  $1.25.) 

THE  AUTOBIOGRAPHY 

OF  A  TOM-BOY. 

By  JEANNETTE  L.  GILDER. 
An  ideal  book  for   girls.    (Illustrated  by 

Florence  Sco vel  Shinn.     Price,  $1.25.) 

BOYS'  BOOK  OF 

EXPLORATIONS. 

By  TUDOR  JBNKS. 
Stories  of  the  heroes  of  travel  and  discovery 
in  Africa,  Asia  and  Australia.    (Illustrated. 
Price,  $200.) 


The 

December  Number 
of 

The 
World's  Work 

NOW  READY. 

The  first  number  of  this  maga- 
zine was  published  on  October 
20th.  We  counted  upon  the  first 
impression  being  favourable;  but 
the  kindness  of  our  friends  and 
readers  in  what  they  said  and 
wrote  us,  and,  more  than  all,  in  buy- 
ing and  subscribing  (the  supreme 
test),  has  gone  far  beyond  our 
expectations.  All  save  the  few 
thousand  copies  reserved  for  sub- 
scribers have  been  sold. 

Extracts  from  letters  received: 

A  railroad  President  writes: 
"  There  is  nothing  like  it  in  the 
world." 

A  college  Professor:  "  The  Idea 
is  capital." 

A  lawyer:  "A  magazine  which 
busy  people  can  afford  to  take  the 
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338 


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[Nov.  16, 


THE  MOST  TALKED  OF  NOVEL  OF  THE  SEASON. 

"THE  MASTER  CHRISTIAN" 

By  MARIE  CORELLI. 

IT  IS  UNTRUTHFUL. 

IT  IS  TRUTHFUL. 

"Why,  without   shadow   of    truth,  represent   the 

"Are  the  accusations  against  the  Roman  Church  and 

modern  Roman  prelate  as  a  liar,  hypocrite,  and  would- 

her  priesthood  true?     Yes.     That  every  one  of  them 

be  poisoner  ?     Miss  Corelli  has  libelled   the  whole 

is  true  in  substance  I  have  not  a  shadow  of  doubt." 

Roman  curia."  —  Dr.  William  Barry. 

—  Dr.  Joseph  Parker. 

IT  IS  NOT  WELL   WRITTEN. 

IT  IS  WELL  WRITTEN. 

"It  is  a  disappointing  book.     It  must  be  that  the 

"It  is  written  with  vigor,  strength,  and  an  abandon 

knowledge  of  her  great  success  has  turned  her  head. 

of  fine  expression   that   carries  all   before  it.      Her 

It  is  brilliant  in  spots,  because  she  has  dramatic  abil- 

powers have  not  been   impaired.      It  is  a  novel  to 

ity  of  a  high  order;    but  as  a  whole  it  is  a  dismal 

think  about  and  discuss;  to  read  attentively,  and  to 

failure  !  "  —  San  Francisco  Chronicle. 

read  again."  —  Philadelphia  Item. 

IT  IS  NOT  INTERESTING. 

IT  IS  INTERESTING. 

"She  emits  a  long-drawn  melancholy  howl.      Six 

"The  story  holds  the  interest  from  beginning  to 

hundred  solid  pages  of  small  print,  and  nothing  but 

end.     Of  all  her  books,  this  is  the  most  interesting 

words,  words,  words  —  in  all  their  Corellian  confusion 

and  thrilling."  —  New  York  Press. 

of  tangled  syntax  and  lurid  illogicality."  —  N.  Y.  Sun. 

IT  IS  NOT  HER  MOST  IMPORTANT  WORK. 

IT  IS  HER  MOST  IMPORTANT  WORK. 

"  'Tis  worse  than  Miss  Corelli's  other  books,  so  far 

"It  is  the  longest  and  most  important  that  she  has 

as  I  know  of  them.     It  is  clamorous  and  unconvinc- 

attempted, and  in  conception  of  plot  and  general  finish 

ing.     The  task  is  far  beyond  her."  —  William  Canton. 

far  outshines  her  other  productions."  —  Boston  Beacon. 

IT  IS  WEAK. 

IT  IS  POWERFUL. 

"The  secular  strands  to  the  story  are  as  worthless 

"The  story  is  a  powerful  and  absorbing  one,  strong 

as  the  religious  parts.     The  whole  book  is  a  hopeless 

in  its  idea,  its  plot,  its  character,  and  its  workman- 

hodge-podge of    melodrama  and    religious    disquisi- 

ship.   It  is  a  remarkable  tale."  —  Portland  Transcript. 

tions."  —  Des  Moines  Leader. 

IT  IS  SACRILIOIOUS. 

IT  IS  NOT  SACRILEGIOUS. 

"The  book  is  one  that  jars  on  the  religious  sensibil- 

"The book  is  not  irreverent."  —  Ian  Maclaran. 

ities  irrespective  of  creed.     The  religious  part  of  the 

"The  book  is  a  bold  attack  on  dogma  and  the  creeds, 

story  is  merely  denunciation  in  the  customary  style 

and  pleads  eloquently  for  the  simplicity  and  pure  love 

of  Corelli  ranting,  and  tricked  up  with  sensational 

of  Christ.    It  is  not  an  ordinary  book."  —  Chicago  In- 

clap trap."  —  Chicago  Tribune. 

ter  Ocean. 

IT  IS  EXAGGERATED. 

IT  IS  NOT  EXAGGERATED. 

"It  is  impossible  to  approach  such  an  exaggerated 

"She  takes  hold  of  the  great  problems  of  humanity 

hysterical  novel  as  this  in  anything  like  a  calm,  criti- 

with a  power  and  a  tenderness  that  is  rarely  equaled. 

cal  spirit;  it  is  far  beyond  the  bounds  of  sanity."  — 

It  will  appeal  to  all  sects  alike."  —  Burlington  Hawkey  e. 

Detroit  Free  Press. 

IT  IS  IMMORAL. 

IT  IS  MORAL. 

"If  generally  read  by  the  young  it  would  be  as  de- 

"There are  many  who  will  object  to  the  book,  who 

structive  as  the  immoral  novel."  —  Watertown  Herald. 

will  call  that  coarse  which  is  simply  outspokenness, 

"Some  of  the  scenes  in  the  story  are  suggestive  in 

but   in  spite  of   their  strictures    the  book  will    find 

the  extreme,  and  can  have  no  other  purpose  than  to 

thousands  of  sympathizers  who  will  condone  it."  — 

pander  to  evil  minds."  —  Rochester  Advertiser. 

Boston  Journal. 

IT  IS  NOT  THRILLING. 

IT  IS  THRILLING. 

"On  the  ground  of  amusement  it  is  only  possible 

"I  heartily  thank  the  brilliant  author  for  her  thril- 

to wonder  at  the  perversity  of  persons  who  can  find 

ling  book.     Her  power  of  denunciation  it  would  be 

it  in  such  a  ponderous  propaganda."  —  Boston   Trans- 

difficult to  surpass.     Such  power  is  needed  more  and 

cript. 

more."  —  Dr.  Joseph  Parker. 

First  Edition  in  America  and  England  150,000  Copies. 

Each  of  these  Editions  are  sold  out  and  a  second  edition  is  selling  in  both  countries.    A  third  edition  is  on 

press  in  both  countries. 

12mo,  Cloth,  610  Pages,  $1.50. 

DODD,  MEAD  &  COMPANY,  Publishers,  New  York 

1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


339 


BOOKS  BY  HAMILTON  W.  MABIE 


"One  Of  your  best  CritiCS."—  London  "Review  of  Reviews." 

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1.  My  Study  Fire.     First  Series. 

2.  Under  the  Trees  and  Elsewhere 

3.  Short  Studies  in  Literature 

4.  Essays  in  Literary  Interpretation 

5.  My  Study  Fire.     Second  Series. 


6.  Essays  on  Nature  and  Culture 

7.  Essays  on  Books  and  Culture 

8.  Essays  on  Work  and  Culture 

9.  The  Life  of  the  Spirit 
10.  Norse  Stories 


The  "  Critic  "  has  remarked  that  Mr.  Mabie  writes  "  with  an  ease  and  grace  sprung  from  long  practice 
and  long  familiarity  with  the  '  saintly  swell '  that  inheres  in  a  good  pose." 

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of  love,  sorrow,  and  disappointment  forms  the  basis  of  a 

most  interesting  psychological   study.    Glimpses  of  the 

better  side  of  life  in   Bohemian  Paris  and  of  American 

society  lend  color  to  the  narrative. 


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gregationalist. 

WAS  SAVONAROLA  REALLY 
EXCOMMUNICATED  ? 

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THE  ELEMENTS  OF  JURISPRUDENCE 

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EARLY  BABYLONIAN  HISTORY 

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CHINESE  MOTHER  GOOSE  RHYMES.  The  translation  by  ISAAC  TAYLOR  HEADLAND  of  Peking  Univer- 
sity. The  original  rhymes  also,  just  as  Chinese  children  use  them.  150  illustrations  from  photographs 
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of  all  children,  and  many  '  children  of  larger  growth  '  as  well.    Madame  Wu  is  very  much  pleased  with  it." 


I       THE    PSALMS    OF    DAVID 

THE  PSALMS  OF  DAVID.  Decorated  by  Louis  RHEAD,  with  introductory  study  by  NEWELL  DWIGHT 
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fresh,  crisp,  and  terse,  accords  with  the  Western  life  which  he  understands."  —  The  Outlook. 

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I     SMITH'S   CHINESE   STUDIES     | 

CHINESE  CHARACTERISTICS.  VILLAGE   LIFE  IN   CHINA. 

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at  any  time.  " 

I     NEWELL   DWIGHT    HILLIS      | 

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"  Dr.  Hillis  literally  packs  his  pages  with  thought,  and  is  prodigal  in  the  use  of  illustration.    So  fertile  is  his  intellect,  so  vast  and  varied 
his  store  of  information,  that  he  has  no  need  of  restraint  for  fear  of  exhaustion."  —  Christian  Work. 

i,jaapkaenr  |    WILLIAM  ELLIOTT  GRIFFIS    | 

VERBECK  OF  JAPAN:    A   CITIZEN   OF   NO  COUNTRY.     Illustrated,  12tno,  cloth,  $1.50. 

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the  Emperor,  and  was  the  government's  factotum.  Gives  pen  pictures  of  the  great  men  of  Japan. 

afrP,'  Bo'ok        |    MARGARET  E.  SANGSTER    |    , 

WINSOME  WOMANHOOD.    Familiar  Talks  on  Life  and  Conduct.    Illustrated,  16ino,  cloth,  gilt  top,  $1.25. 

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Initials  reproduced  from  lace  handkerchiefs.    Illustrated  by  studies  from  life  by  W.  B.  Dyer. 

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|    ONESIMUS:  Christ's  Freedman    | 


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A  Nugget  for  I        ^       \         Ti/r/irkrkV     V  17  A  1?     T>nr»K"  By  D'  L>  Moody'» 

Each  Day  |        JL*.     L.     MOODY      YJbAK     tKHJIV        |  Daughter 

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342 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


SOME  RECENT  SUCCESSFUL  FICTION 


"One  of  the  prettiest  and 
best  books  of  the  year." 

— Boston  Herald. 


MONSIEUR   BEAUCAIRE. 

By  BOOTH  TARKINGTON,  author  of  "  The  Gentleman 
from  Indiana." 

"  The  book  in  its  outward  and  visible  form  is  uncom- 
monly harmonious  with  its  inward  grace." — Book  News. 

Fifth  edition.    With  decorations  by  C.  E.  Hooper  and  lllust'ns.  in  two  colors  by  C.  D.  Williams. 

Cloth,  12mo.     $1.25. 


A  Novel  of  Modern  Society. 


THE  ARCHBISHOP  AND  THE  LADY. 

By  Mrs.  SCHUYLER  CROWNINSHIELD. 
"  If  I  am  any  judge,  Mrs.  Crowninshield's  novel  is  going  to  make  something  like  a  sensation. 
It  has  a  most  remarkable  plot.  —  There  is  a  c go'  in  the  book."  —  Jeanette  L.  Gilder,  Editor 
of  the  Critic. 

Second  edition.    Cloth,  12mo.    $1.50. 


A  thoroughly  American  Novel. 


THE    DARLINQTONS. 

By  ELMORE  ELLIOTT  PEAKE. 
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novel  so  ready  and  unfailing  in  its  interest  as  a  story  that  it  is  all  that  need  be  desired  even  for 
a  pastime  pure  and  simple,  and  yet  that  has  the  intrinsic  value  that  comes  of  avoiding  what  is 
trivial  and  what  is  unreal  and  impossible. 

Second  edition.    Cloth,  12mo.    $1.50. 


Love  and  Adventure  in  War. 


THE   FUGITIVES. 

By  MORLEY  ROBERTS,  author  of  "  The  Colossus." 


"  A  genuinely  artistic  novel."  —  Pittsburg  Chronicle  Telegraph. 
u  A  decided  advance  on  c  The  Colossus.'  "  —  New  York  Herald. 
Second  edition.    Cloth,  12mo.    $1.00. 


"  A  Story  of  compelling  in= 

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By  ANNA   KATHARINE  GREEN   ROHLFS. 
"  If  the  test  of  merit  in  such  writing  is  the  power  of 
sustaining  the  mystery  surrounding  the  crime,  then  a  better  detective  story  than  this  was  never 
written."  —  Public  Opinion. 

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AN  EAGLE  FLIGHT. 

By  Dr.  JOSE  RIZAL.      A  novel  of  life  in  the  Philippines 
by  a  native  Filipino,  a  patriot  and  a  hero. 
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author's  native  land. 
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1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


343 


J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY'S  NEW  BOOKS 


A   magnificent  work,  treating  of  the  most  Famous  Belles  of  all 
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FAMOUS  AMERICAN  BELLES  OF  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

By  VIRGINIA  TATNALL  PEACOCK.     With  special  cover  design,  frontispiece  in  colors,  and  20 
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These  entertaining  volumes  give  the  origin  and  many  incidents 
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lesser-known  songs. 

STORIES    OF    FAMOUS    SONGS.      By  S.  J. 

ADAIR  FITZGERALD.  Illustrated  with  photogra- 
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No.  S46. 


NOV.  16,  1900.        Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


FREDERICK  MAX  MULLER 345 

SHAKESPEARE    OR     BALZAC:     WHICH     IS 

GREATER  ?    Hiram  M.  Stanley 347 

COMMUNICATION 348 

Mr.  Warner  as  an  Editor.    L. 

THE     GREAT     APOSTLE     OF     EVOLUTION. 

Charles  A.  Kofoid 349 

THE  RULERS   OF  SOUTHERN   ITALY.     Josiah 

Renick  Smith 352 

A  CHILD  OF  MANIFEST  DESTINY.     Edward  E. 

Hale,  Jr 354 

TWO  SOUTH  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.    J.  O.  P.  356 

NEW   TOOLS   FOR   BIBLE  STUDENTS.     Ira  M. 

Price 357 

Riggs's  History  of  the  Jewish  People. —  Gilbert's 
The  Student's  Life  of  Jesus. —  Rhees's  The  Life  of 
Jesus  of  Nazareth. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 358 

England's  naval  struggle  with  Napoleon. —  Biog- 
graphy  of  Henry  George,  by  his  son. —  The  Life  of 
Christ  as  shown  in  Art.  —  Impartial  views  of  Rus- 
sia and  the  Russians. —  Ins  and  outs  of  theatrical 
life. — The  biography  of  a  Russian  musician. — Friends 
in  Fur  and  Feathers. —  The  most  useful  single- vol- 
ume English  dictionary. —  Historic  towns  of  the 
South. —  American  battles  by  land  and  sea. —  Napo- 
leon III.  at  the  height  of  his  power. —  Paul  Jones  as 
a  "  Great  Commander." 

BRIEFER  MENTION 361 

NOTES .:    I 362 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  362 


FREDERICK  MAX  MULLER. 

The  death  of  Max  Miiller  brings  up  again 
the  old  question  concerning  the  importance  of 
the  popularizer  as  an  agent  for  the  advance- 
ment of  science,  and  sets  once  more  in  sharp 
contrast  the  attitudes  respectively  assumed 
toward  such  a  man  by  the  reading  public  and 
the  body  of  quiet  scientific  workers.  Max 
Miiller,  like  Kenan,  Froude,  Huxley  and  Tyn- 
dall  —  to  name  only  a  few  of  his  famous  con- 
temporaries—  had  in  preeminent  degree  the 
gift  of  style,  the  charm  of  graceful  literary 
art,  and  the  power  to  interest  ordinary  minds 
in  subjects  not  easily  forced  upon  their  atten- 
tion. This  was  at  once  his  bane  as  a  scholar 
and  the  secret  of  his  popular  success.  Trans- 
ferring our  attention  for  a  moment  from  the 
individual  to  the  group  which  he  so  typically 
illustrated,  we  must  say  that  the  attitude  to- 
ward such  men  of  those  critics  who  stand  for 
the  methods  of  pure  science  is  apt  to  be  very 
ungracious,  being  compounded  of  no  small 
amount  of  intellectual  arrogance,  and  even  of 
envy,  mingled  with  the  more  legitimate  ele- 
ments that  derive  from  the  sense  of  superior 
knowledge  and  firmer  hold  upon  the  facts.  In 
the  view  of  the  extremer  devotees  of  pure  sci- 
ence, it  becomes  a  misdemeanor  to  write  attrac- 
tively, and  a  felony  to  achieve  popularity  with 
the  laity.  Sometimes,  as  was  notably  true  in 
the  case  of  Kenan,  the  offence  is  reckoned  so 
great  that  the  offender  receives  only  the  most 
grudging  sort  of  recognition  from  his  fellow- 
workers  in  the  same  field,  although  in  their 
hearts  they  are  conscious  that  he  stands  abreast 
of  the  strongest  of  them,  even  when  judged  by 
the  most  exacting  standards.  He  has  ventured 
to  be  popular,  and  the  fact  that  he  has  re- 
mained rigorously  scientific  does  not  remove 
the  stigma  in  the  eyes  of  these  self-constituted 
guardians  of  scholarship. 

Max  Muller  was  far  from  being  a  philolo- 
gist and  a  student  of  comparative  religion  in 
the  sense  in  which  Kenan  was  both,  and  his 
intellectual  armor  was  doubtless  vulnerable  at 
many  points ;  nevertheless,  it  is  unquestionably 
true  that  he  accomplished  much  work  of  solid 
value,  and  deserved  well  of  science  for  his 
That  science,  especially  as  repre- 


services. 


346 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


sented  by  the  younger  school  of  men  trained 
at  the  German  universities,  has  done  him 
something  less  than  justice,  is  a  fact  that  must 
be  admitted  by  the  impartial  observer.  If  he 
failed  in  accuracy  of  knowledge,  if  he  could 
not  overcome  certain  intellectual  prejudices, 
if  he  did  not  keep  abreast  of  the  scholarship 
of  his  time,  his  was  still  a  larger  personality 
than  that  of  many  a  critic  who  assailed  him, 
and  who,  without  one-tenth  of  his  actual  ac- 
complishment, affected  to  hold  his  authority 
beneath  serious  consideration. 

Max  Miiller  was  born  in  Dessau  in  1823, 
and  was  a  son  of  the  poet  Wilhelm  Miiller. 
The  artistic  temperament  which  was  thus  his 
birthright  came  near  to  making  of  him  a 
musician  instead  of  a  scholar,  and  resulted  in 
at  least  one  piece  of  purely  literary  compo- 
sition, the  "Deutsche  Liebe"  of  his  youth, 
an  exquisite  bit  of  refined  sentimentalism  long 
familiar  to  English  readers  in  the  translation 
entitled  "Memories."  He  studied  Sanskrit  at 
Leipzig,  and  translated  the  "Hitopadesa"  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one.  Continuing  his  Sans- 
krit studies  under  Bopp  and  Burnouf,  he  went 
to  England  in  1846  for  the  purpose  of  editing 
the  "Rig- Veda,"  a  commission  given  him  by 
the  East  India  Company.  This  great  under- 
taking, which  was,  however,  in  large  part  per- 
formed by  another  hand,  occupied  him  largely 
for  nearly  thirty  years,  the  last  of  the  six 
volumes  being  dated  as  late  as  1»74.  He 
made  his  home  at  Oxford,  and  became  succes- 
sively a  member,  a  fellow,  a  sub-librarian,  and 
a  professor  of  the  University.  In  1875,  he 
practically  resigned  his  chair,  and  gave  his 
chief  attention  to  the  work  of  editing  "The 
Sacred  Books  of  the  East,"  a  series  that  event- 
ually numbered  thirty  or  forty  volumes. 
Among  the  almost  innumerable  publications 
of  his  busy  half-century  of  writing,  mention 
should  be  made  of  his  "Lectures  on  the  Sci- 
ence of  Language,"  his  "Chips  from  a  German 
Workshop,"  his  "History  of  Sanskrit  Liter- 
ature," his  Hibbert  lectures  on  "The  Origin 
and  Growth  of  Religions,"  and  his  "  Science 
of  Thought."  Nor  should  we  fail  to  include 
in  this  list  the  translation  of  Kant's  "  Kritik 
der  Reinen  Vernunft,"  which  he  made  upon 
the  occasion  of  the  centenary  of  that  great 
work,  and  which  is  so  significant  of  his  con- 
stant adherence  to  the  Kantian  system  and 
the  Kantian  method  of  envisaging  philosoph- 
ical problems.  His  fifty  and  more  years  of 
Oxford  life  have  been  comparatively  unevent- 
ful, save  for  the  delivery  of  his  lectures,  the 


publication  of  his  books,  and  the  honors  be- 
stowed upon  him  by  potentates  and  by  learned 
societies.  Strange  to  say,  this  life-long  stu- 
dent of  Indian  thought  and  language  never 
visited  the  land  which  engaged  so  large  a 
share  of  his  attention.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  famous  of  Orientalists,  but  he  never  set 
foot  in  an  Oriental  country. 

Miiller  rode  his  hobbies  very  hard,  and  per- 
haps the  hardest  ridden  of  them  all  was  his 
way  of  accounting  for  mythology  as  a  disease 
of  language.  Finding  the  names  of  the  Greek 
and  Hindu  deities  to  be  words  traceable  to 
the  phenomena  of  nature  —  the  sun,  the  sky, 
and  the  clouds  —  he  theorized  to  the  effect 
that  all  mythology  resulted  from  primitive 
descriptions  of  natural  objects,  the  sense  in 
which  the  words  were  used  gradually  becom- 
ing modified  into  metaphorical  meanings,  until 
the  literal  signification  of  the  terms  had  been 
quite  forgotten.  This  seemed  to  be  a  key 
that  would  fit  almost  any  of  the  locks  of  folk- 
lore and  popular  theology,  and  with  it  he 
sought  to  reveal  the  innermost  secrets  of  the 
classical  and  Oriental  cosmogonies.  It  was  a 
very  popular  theory  a  generation  ago,  and  had 
things  its  own  way  with  the  general  public. 
It  was  so  easy,  and  at  the  same  time  so  pleas- 
ing to  the  poetic  sense,  to  reduce  every  primi- 
tive belief  to  some  variation  of  the  omnipres- 
ent solar  myth  that  readers  were  quite  capti- 
vated by  the  notion.  But  the  thing  was 
overdone,  and  a  sense  of  humor  began  to  exert 
its  corrosive  action  upon  this  too  pleasing 
theory,  until  solar  myths  lost  their  favor,  and 
few  are  now  so  poor  to  do  them  reverence. 

Miiller  had  many  quarrels  and  controver- 
sies in  his  special  field  of  Sanskrit,  and  in  the 
wider  field  of  comparative  philology,  but  these 
need  not  concern  us  here.  His  one  great 
quarrel  with  modern  scientific  thought  was 
based  upon  his  view  of  the  origin  of  human 
speech.  During  the  sixties  and  seventies, 
when  Darwinism  was  having  pretty  much  its 
own  way  with  most  classes  of  thinkers,  from 
naturalists  to  philosophers,  it  encountered  what 
seemed  to  be  a  very  ugly  snag  in  the  oppo- 
sition of  Miiller,  based  upon  strictly  philo- 
logical grounds.  The  theory  of  evolution 
seemed  to  offer  no  way  of  accounting  for  the 
beginning  of  intelligible  speech,  and,  although 
Darwinians  were  convinced  that  this  difficulty 
could  not  be  a  real  one,  they  were  nevertheless 
put  to  their  wits'  ends  to  deal  with  it  as  it  was 
presented  in  Miiller's  cogent  argument.  The 
process  of  development,  he  said,  could  readily 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


347 


enough  be  traced  back  to  the  roots  of  a  lan- 
guage,  but  there   it    seemed    to    stick.     The 
Aryan  roots  were  perfectly  definite  symbols 
for  definite  concepts,  and  they  seemed  to  have 
no  reasonably  imaginable  antecedents.   "  There 
they   are,  gentlemen,"  he  said   in   substance, 
"  and  what  are  you  going  to  do  about  it  ?  " 
The   "bow-wow"   theory,   which   ascribed   to 
them    an    onomatopoetic    character,   was    too 
childish    for    serious    consideration,    and    the 
"  pooh-pooh  "  theory,  which  sought  to  explain 
them  as  the  primitive  symbols   of  emotional 
conditions,  was  quite  inadequate   to   account 
for  them.      During   his    later    years,    Miiller 
himself  seemed  to  feel  that  his  negative  atti- 
tude toward  the  most  pregnant  conception  of 
modern   philosophy   was    hardly   becoming    a 
man  of  science,  and  he  came  to  realize  that 
the  mere  lack  of  a  reasonable  theory  of  the 
origin  of  language  was  not  enough  to  make 
men  believe  that  it  had  no  rational  origin.    His 
own  view  became  considerably  modified  by  the 
speculations  of  Professor   Noiie,  and    he   ac- 
cepted the  "  yo-heave-ho  "  theory,  which  ac- 
counted for  the  mysterious  roots  as  a  product  of 
the  clamor  concomitant  of  men  engaged  in 
common  labor  as  providing  at  least  a  provis- 
ional method  for  the  solution  of  the  problem. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  this  problem,  as  well  as 
the  allied  problem  of  accounting  for  thought 
without  language,  no  longer  seems  as  formidable 
as  it  did  a  generation  ago.     The  doctrine  of 
evolution  carries  with  it  the  absolute  necessity 
for  the  evolution  of  speech  by  some  natural 
process,  and  the  exact  nature  of  that  process  is 
a  matter  of  detail  that  science  may  safely  be 
trusted  to  make  clear.     As  for  M tiller's  con- 
tention that  thought  is  impossible  without  lan- 
guage, it  may  be  said  that  Whitney's  acute 
polemic  assailed  it  with  considerable  success  a 
generation  ago,  and  that  the  natural  psychology 
of  the  past  score  of  years,  as  contrasted  with 
the  artificial  psychology  of  an  earlier  period, 
has  made  it  evident  that  thought  and  language 
are  parallel  developments,  to  neither  of  which 
can  any  absolute  priority  be  assigned.  Perhaps 
the  clearest  exposition  of  this  scientific  view  is 
that  made  by  Romanes  about  fifteen  years  ago. 
In  this,  as  in  many  other  matters,   Muller's 
intellect  never  quite  escaped  from  the  meta- 
physical stage  of  development,  a  fact  which  is 
best  illustrated  by  his  thoroughgoing  accept- 
ance of  the  Kantian  philosophy  as  the  final 
expression   of  metaphysical   thought.     "That 
last  infirmity  of  the  philosophic  mind,"  as  the 
*'  Kantian  superstition  "  is  styled  by  a  recent 


writer  for  these  pages,  stiffened  to  the  end  the 
intellectual  processes  of  the  brilliant  scholar 
whose  death  we  now  deplore,  and  impeded  their 
free  and  natural  operation.  There  is  no  re- 
proach in  this,  but  there  is  some  occasion  for 
regret  that  a  thinker  of  Muller's  capacity  should 
have  been  kept  many  years  behind  his  age  by 
the  trammels  of  a  system  that  had  long  since 
accomplished  its  work. 


SHAKESPEARE   OR    BALZAC:    WHICH 
IS    GREATER? 

The  most  notable  apparition  in  the  world  of  let- 
ters since  Goethe  is  Balzac.  In  the  last  half-century 
Balzac  has  gained  immensely  in  the  esteem  of  both 
the  people  and  the  critics,  until  of  late  it  is  being 
proclaimed,  "A  greater  than  Shakespeare  is  here." 

If  we  would  compare  the  greatest  of  dramatists 
with  the  greatest  of  novelists,  we  might  well  set 
over  against  each  other  such  masterpieces  as  "  King 
Lear  "  and  "  Old  Goriot."  Which  of  these  tragedies 
of  base  filial  ingratitude  affects  us  the  more  power- 
fully ?  Neither  Lear  nor  Goriot  are  heroic  figures. 
Lear  is  full  of  a  teasing  petulance,  is  full  of  com- 
plaints and  curses  against  his  ungrateful  daughters, 
and  insists  so  selfishly  and  importunately  upon  his 
paternal  rights  to  verbal  and  actual  gratitude  that 
our  sympathy  is  chilled.  He  frets  and  fumes  too 
much  to  be  a  convincing  hero.  As  against  this, 
the  uncomplaining  devotion  and  ceaseless  sacrifice 
of  Goriot  are  perfect.  Lear  bestows  merely  his 
kingdom,  and  clamors  for  gratitude;  Goriot  be- 
stows everything,  to  life  itself  ;  and  utters  no  bitter, 
reproaching  word.  Yet  Goriot  is  so  petty  and  weak 
and  narrow  and  sordid  that  the  heroic  vanishes, 
and  we  see  merely  a  display  of  stupid  instinct. 
Neither  Lear  nor  Goriot  evince  real  magnanimity  ; 
both  are  ignoble.  And  Lear,  as  an  unreasonable, 
querulous  dotard,  leads  us  to  somewhat  excuse  his 
daughters.  Indeed,  Lear  himself  in  his  sanest  mo- 
ment practically  acknowledges  that  their  conduct  is 
not  groundless,  when  he  says  that  he  is  "  more 
sinned  against  than  sinning."  His  daughters  show 
consideration,  and  even  more,  when  Regan  says : 

"  For  his  particular,  I'll  receive  him  gladly, 
But  not  one  follower." 

The  sentiment  is  echoed  by  Goneril.  But  Goriot, 
ever  patient  and  humble,  gives  not  the  slightest 
pretext  for  the  immeasurable  heartlessness  of  his 
frivolous  daughters.  If,  then,  the  object  of  tragedy 
is  to  awaken  pity  in  the  beholder,  Goriot  is  the 
more  convincing  figure  of  the  two,  is  much  the 
finer  and  completer  creation. 

We  might  go  on  to  point  out  that  Eugenie  Gran- 
det  is  in  some  ways  superior  to  Juliet,  and  Nanon  to 
Juliet's  nurse,  and  certainly  Grandet  is  superior  to 
Shylock.  As  an  analyst  of  the  bourgeoisie,  Balzac 
is  incomparable ;  he  knows  them  to  the  finger-tips, 


348 


THE    DIAL, 


[Nov.  16, 


for  he  is  one  of  them.  In  depicting  the  passion  for 
pelf,  he  far  outdistances  Shakespeare  and  all  com- 
petitors. Farther,  a  quality  which  adds  much  to 
our  enjoyment  of  Balzac's  works  is  the  sympathy 
for  his  creations  which  we  imbibe  from  Balzac  him- 
self. That  is,  in  Balzac  we  find  a  fascinating  lyric 
tone  quite  lacking  to  the  serene  and  cold  dramatic 
objectivity  of  Shakespeare.  With  what  a  rare  gusto 
Balzac  enters  into  the  life  of  his  Comedie  Hu- 
maine!  With  what  a  vital  intensity  he  feels  for 
the  living  and  breathing  people  of  his  real  world ! 
He  enlists  our  sympathy  not  only  by  the  general 
tone  of  his  narrative,  but  by  definite  appeals;  as 
when  he  says  of  Nanon,  "  At  twenty-two  years  of 
age  the  poor  girl  had  been  unable  to  find  a  situa- 
tion, so  repulsive  was  her  face  to  almost  everyone." 
But  Shakespeare  never  makes  such  an  impression 
upon  our  feelings ;  we  cannot  conceive  that  he 
laughed  or  wept  with  his  creations. 

Another  advantage  that  Balzac  has  over  Shake- 
speare is  that  he  belongs  not  to  the  age  of  spectators, 
but  of  readers.  The  demands  of  stagecraft  and  of 
a  vulgar  audience  so  hamper  Shakespeare  in  the 
full  and  free  development  of  characterization  that 
we  think  it  a  thousand  pities  that  he  had  not  en- 
joyed the  scope  and  freedom  of  the  novel.  As 
appealing  to  the  spectator  and  the  hearer,  rather 
than  to  the  reader,  Shakespeare  uses  broad  and 
striking  effects,  almost  neglecting  the  half-tones. 
Since  the  novelist's  art  is  greater  and  more  signifi- 
cant than  the  dramatist's,  we  can  never  cease 
regretting  that  Shakespeare  was  not  a  novelist 
from  whom  also  we  could  have  had  a  Comedie 
Humaine,  which  might  be  dramatized  with  sur- 
passing force.  For  the  future,  certainly,  the  drama 
tends  to  base  itself  in  the  higher  art  of  the  novel. 

But  if  we  regret  that  Shakepeare  was  a  play- 
writer,  we  regret  still  more  that  he  followed  the 
fashion  of  his  time  and  gave  his  characters  the 
mediaeval  setting  of  courts  and  kings.  Old  Goriot 
is  vastly  nearer  to  us  than  King  Lear ;  that  Lear 
cannot  have  a  retainer  more  or  less,  is  a  motif  of 
as  little  interest  to  us  as  the  lack  of  proper  funeral 
rites  is  in  the  Greek  drama.  The  triumph  of  Shake- 
speare is  that,  despite  the  setting  of  lords  and  un- 
derlings, the  vitality  of  a  common  humanity  still 
touches  the  modern  mind.  But  Balzac  is  absolutely 
modern  and  democratic ;  we  breathe  not  the  at- 
mosphere of  courts  but  of  shops  ;  we  see  and  recog- 
nize a  life  which  pulsates  in  myriad  forms  around  us. 

But  it  may  be  said,  and  rightly,  that  Shakespeare, 
although  a  playwright  depicting  an  outgrown  type 
of  society,  is  infinitely  above  Balzac  in  universality 
and  grasp.  The  characters  of  Shakespeare  have 
a  wholeness  of  creation,  are  many-sided,  many- 
motived  real  men  and  women  ;  while  Balzac's  char- 
acters are  too  often  puppets  pulled  by  a  single  string. 
Shakespeare  gives  us  the  condensed  perfect  essence 
of  reality  —  the  ideal  of  realism  and  the  realism  of 
the  ideal.  Moreover,  Shakespeare  achieves  reality 
in  a  single  stroke  ;  the  Nurse  in  Romeo  and  Juliet 
is  as  real  in  one  page  as  Nanon  in  fifty  —  though 


we  must  grant  that  Balzac  does  not  offend  us  with 
the  Zolaistic  coarseness  of  Shakespeare.  Balzac 
gives  us  Leonardesque  portraits,  drawn,  framed, 
and  embellished  with  infinite  and  loving  care  ;  while 
Shakespeare  presents  rough  Rembrantesque  etchings 
which  tell  the  whole  story  in  a  few  powerful  lines. 
And  we  need  not  enlarge  upon  the  obvious  fact  that 
Shakespeare  has  in  the  highest  degree  those  very 
important  elements  in  which  Balzac  is  entirely 
lacking, —  namely,  humor  and  poetry.  In  short, 
Shakespeare  is  the  greater  genius  ;  yet  just  because 
he  is  playwright  and  his  mise  en  sc&ne  archaic,  we 
read  him  out  of  a  sense  of  duty,  but  Bdlzac  out  of 
delight.  HIRAM  M.  STANLEY. 


C  OMM  UNICA  TION. 


MR.  WARNER  AS  AN  EDITOR. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THB  DIAL.) 

In  your  appreciative  farewell  to  Charles  Dudley 
Warner,  in  your  last  issue,  occur  these  words:  "He 
was  the  nominal  editor  of  the  « Library  of  the  World's 
Best  Literature  '  ";  and  the  rest  of  the  sentence  empha- 
sizes, in  an  especially  misleading  fashion,  the  impres- 
sion that  the  real  burden  of  that  work  fell  upon  other 
shoulders. 

Many  circumstances  combine  to  urge  prompt  and 
earnest  protest  against  this  erroneous  statement.  One 
of  the  chief  temptations  at  present  besetting  our  suc- 
cessful literary  workers  is  the  opportunity  to  sell  their 
names,  as  a  means  of  advertising  work  which  is  not  in 
the  full  sense  their  own.  That  some  well-known  men 
have  actually  yielded  to  such  golden  baits,  seems  certain. 
Against  all  such  commercialism,  degrading  to  the  artist 
and  to  our  national  life  generally,  Mr.  Warner  has  pro- 
tested often  in  ringing  words.  His  recent  series  of 
romances  was  perhaps  marred,  as  a  work  of  art,  by  too 
strenuous  insistance  upon  just  such  notes  of  warning. 
The  cynics  will  rejoice  to  accept  any  intimation  that 
he  himself  drifted  with  the  current. 

A  leading  editorial  writer  of  THE  DIAL  contributed 
more  signed  articles  to  Mr.  Warner's  "  Library  "  than 
any  other  contributor.  That  writer's  well-earned  repute 
for  fairness,  accuracy,  and  caution,  added  as  it  inevita- 
bly will  be,  in  this  case,  to  the  great  force  of  THE  DIAL 
itself,  will  render  this  statement  hard  indeed  to  contro- 
vert. Yet  it  would  probably  have  been  felt  by  Mr. 
Warner  as  the  most  injurious  and  misleading  assertion 
that  could  have  been  made  concerning  him.  Certainly 
the  present  writer  is  unable  to  characterize  it  in  softer 
terms.  The  circumstances,  then,  justify  frankness. 

The  classical  field  was  doubtless  the  one  large  historic 
demesne  of  literature  in  which  Mr.  Warner  felt  least 
willing  to  trust  his  own  knowledge  and  judgment.  In 
this  department,  and  no  other,  he  states  in  his  final  note 
that  one  of  his  assistants  "  had  charge."  The  present 
letter  is  based  on  fullest  knowledge  of  that  department 
during  the  issue  of  twenty-two  out  of  the  thirty  vol- 
umes. Mr.  Warner  in  every  case  decided  whether  an 
author  should  appear  at  all,  and  how  much  space  should 
be  allotted  him.  His  test  was,  invariably,  Can  one  or 
more  quoted  passages  be  presented,  of  interest  and 
value  to  readers  at  the  present  day  ?  If  not,  no  mere 
name  could  assure  admission.  No  assignment  of  the 
biographical  essay  was  authorized,  without  careful  in- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


349 


quiry  as  to  the  literary  capacity  and  taste  of  the  pro- 
posed writer.  Not  one  such  essay,  even  from  Miss 
Preston  or  Professor  Shorey,  was  sent  to  the  printer 
until  Mr.  Warner  had  given  it  at  least  one  careful 
uninterrupted  critical  perusal.  The  galley  and  page 
proofs  also  received  his  unremitting  scrutiny.  Essays 
by  eminent  scholars,  though  paid  for  in  full,  were  cast 
aside  because  they  did  not  satisfy  Mr.  Warner's  demand 
for  intrinsic  interest  and  literary  form.  So  able  an 
essayist  as  the  late  Thomas  Davidson  recast  every  page 
of  his  paper  on  Sappho,  under  strictures  from  the 
editor-in-chief. 

I  am  assured  by  those  who  know  best,  that  every 
page  in  the  thirty  volumes  of  the  "  Library  "  received 
the  same  conscientious  attention.  We  may  well  believe 
that  a  work  so  extensive  was  never  prepared,  in  so  brief 
a  time,  more  fully  under  one  alert  eye,  and  informed 
by  the  spirit  of  one  man.  It  is  true  that  every  worker 
felt  encouraged  to  use  all  his  capacities  with  the  largest 
freedom;  but  that  freedom  was  precisely  one  of  the 
qualities  brought  to  the  task  by  Mr.  Warner's  genial 
open-minded  catholic  nature.  He  never  tolerated  the 
mere  scissors-and-paste  work  so  dismally  familiar  in 
too  many  big  books.  The  group  of  younger  writers 
gathered  about  him  in  those  days  can  never  cease  to  be 
grateful  for  his  inspiration,  his  searching  and  stimulat- 
ing criticism,  his  unflagging  sympathy.  If  any  other 
shoulders  lightened  the  editorial  load,  it  was  Mrs. 
Runkle's.  The  volume  of  brief  lyrics,  in  particular, 
was  actually  edited  by  her.  But  she  often  declared, 
as  did  Mr.  Warner  himself,  that  she  was  first  called  in 
precisely  because,  through  many  years  of  professional 
comradeship,  she  had  come  to  know  Mr.  Warner's 
literary  ideals  and  methods  as  well  as  he  did  himself. 

As  to  the  rest  of  us,  let  me  still  take  space  for  one 
typical  illustration,  at  my  own  expense.  Mr.  Warner 
had  read  in  early  life,  and  recalled  with  delight,  the 
lives  of  the  philosophers  by  "  Diogenes  Laertius."  He 
insisted  that  the  sketch  of  Socrates,  in  particular,  must 
go  in.  After  a  week  or  two  spent  in  repairing  his  own 
blank  ignorance,  the  classical  editor  reported  with  em- 
phasis, "  It  is  a  medley  of  misstatements  in  the  original, 
and  made  doubly  idiotic  by  the  atrocious  Bohn  perver- 
sion." "  Very  well,  then,  make  your  own  translation." 
"  But  Diogenes  himself  is  a  bewildered  plagiarist,  an 
egregious  ass."  "  Very  likely;  say  so  as  bluntly  as  you 
please,  in  a  half-page  biography.  But  I  enjoyed  him, 
and  I  want  him  in.  A  lot  of  him,  too  !  "  And  eventu- 
ally Diogenes  got  his  fourteen  pages,  over  which  the 
great  editor  renewed  his  youthful  glee.  Lysias,  exempli 
gratia,  and  his  precious  old  olive-stump,  are  alike  un- 
mentioned,  for  converse  reasons.  The  "  Library,"  like 
every  large  book,  has  flaws  and  uneven  places;  but  the 
face  of  Mr.  Warner  shines  out  from  every  page. 

I  am  sure  all  who  know  the  truth  will  be  eager  to 
state  it  more  strongly  than  has  been  possible  in  this 
letter.  Certainly  no  one,  here  unnamed,  has  a  right 
to  share,  in  any  appreciable  degree,  the  real  editorial 
responsibility  for  the  "  Library."  Its  form  and  its 
spirit  express,  more  than  all  else,  the  unwearying 
energy,  devotion,  wisdom,  and  taste  of  Charles  Dudley 
Warner.  L. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  3,  1900. 

[We  cheerfully  acknowledge  that  our  correspond- 
ent had  better  opportunities  than  our  own  to  know 
just  how  the  great  "  Library  "  was  edited,  and  if 
what  we  wrote  upon  the  subject  has  been  taken  to 


reflect  in  any  way  upon  the  literary  integrity  of  the 
late  Mr.  Warner,  we  can  only  say  that  nothing 
could  have  been  farther  from  our  thought.  As  far 
as  our  experience  went  during  the  publication  of 
the  work,  it  seemed  to  show  that  a  very  large  share 
of  the  correspondence  and  other  editorial  functions 
was  assumed  by  Mr.  George  H.  Warner,  although 
of  course  under  the  general  direction  of  his  bro- 
ther. As  a  mere  matter  of  the  days  and  hours 
given  to  the  work,  we  supposed  it  fair  to  say  that 
the  larger  credit  should  be  given  to  Mr.  George 
Warner ;  but  we  had  no  intention  of  implying  that 
the  editor-in-chief  did  not  hold  the  reins  in  his 
bands  all  the  time,  or  that  he  was  the  mere  figure- 
head that  our  use  of  the  word  "  nominal "  might, 
as  we  now  see,  be  taken  to  indicate.  On  the 
whole,  the  protest  of  our  correspondent  takes  the 
form  of  a  statement  so  interesting  that  we  are  not 
sorry  to  have  been  its  innocent  provoking  cause.  — 
Edrs.  THE  DIAL.] 


THE  GKEAT  APOSTLE  OF  EVOLUTION.* 

As  Professor  Huxley,  on  his  memorable 
visit  to  America  in  1876,  entered  New  York 
harbor  on  the  steamer  "Germanic,"  he  was 
greatly  interested  in  the  tug-boats  which  tore 
fiercely  up  and  down  and  across  the  bay.  He 
looked  long  at  them,  and  finally  turned  to  Mr. 
Smalley  and  said  :  "  If  I  were  not  a  man  I  think 
I  should  like  to  be  a  tug."  This  casual  remark 
not  only  exhibited  his  delight  in  the  restless 
energy  which  he  saw  displayed,  but  in  a  very 
true  sense  also  reflects  the  spirit  and  the  life- 
work  of  the  man  who  uttered  it.  Evolutionist, 
agnostic,  biologist,  controversialist,  reformer, 
essayist,  philosopher,  investigator,  and  teacher, 
he  was  always  and  everywhere  the  practical 
man  in  affairs  but  not  of  them,  carrying  an 
Atlas  load  of  the  world's  work,  and  tirelessly 
seeking  to  move,  to  guide,  and  to  control  the 
thought  of  his  age  in  the  shifting  tide  of  public 
opinion.  The  restless  activity  of  this  versatile 
leader  is  evident  on  every  page  of  the  "  Life 
and  Letters  "  edited  by  his  son,  Mr.  Leonard 
Huxley. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  summarize  these 
letters  to  the  brilliant  galaxy  of  correspondents, 
men  eminent  in  science,  in  philosophy,  in  poli- 
tics, in  education,  and  in  literature.  Foremost, 
as  might  be  expected,  are  the  names  of  Darwin, 
Spencer,  Tyndall,  Hooker,  Haeckel,  Romanes, 


•LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF  THOMAS  HENRY  HUXLEY.  By 
his  son,  Leonard  Huxley.  lu  two  volumes.  With  Portraits 
and  Illustrations.  New  York  :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 


350 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


Clifford,  Clodd,  and  others  who  shared  in  the 
battle  for  Evolution.    To  these  must  be  added 
the  names   of  many  prominent  biologists  in 
England  and  on  the  Continent,  and  a  few  from 
America.     In  literary  circles,  Huxley  corres- 
ponded    with    Charles     Kmgsley,    Matthew 
Arnold,   Jowett,   Lecky,  John    Morley,    and 
Tennyson.  The  wealth  of  scientific,  philosophic, 
and  literary  lore  in  these  two  volumes  of  letters 
may  be  inferred  from  this  choice  list  of  corres- 
pondents, but  this  gives  no  hint  of  the  inimit- 
able style  in  which  Huxley  wrote  what  for  us 
is  a  running  comment  on  the  topics  of  his  times. 
And  they  were  momentous  times.    The  corres- 
pondence covers  the  period  from  1850  to  1895, 
years  which  saw  the  promulgation  and  elabora- 
tion of  the  Theory  of  Organic  Evolution  and  the 
accumulation  of  evidence  in  its  support ;  the 
extension  of  this  idea  into  the  fields  of  philoso- 
phy and  religion,  though  not  without  a  long, 
vigorous,  and  often  bitter  conflict  with  the 
established  forms  of  thought ;  the  multiplica- 
tion of  educational  agencies,  and  the  enlarge- 
ment of  educational  ideals  by  the  development 
of  scientific  and  technical  instruction  at  the 
great  centres  of  culture  ;  and  lastly,  though  not 
yet  fully  accomplished,  the  revision   of  theo- 
logical   dogma.      In    all    of   these   changes, 
Huxley  played  no  small  part.    His  services  to 
Evolution    are   evidenced    by    his    published 
works,  more  than  a  third  of  the  eighty- seven 
essays  listed  in  the  appendix  being  devoted  to 
this  theme.     He  was  also  the  platform  expo- 
nent of  the  Evolutionary  propaganda,  and  well 
deserves  the  title  of  the  "  Great  Apostle  of 
Evolution,"  though  he  himself  thus  modestly 
estimates  his  services  in  a  letter  to  the  Bishop 
of  Ripon : 

11  As  for  me,  in  part  from  force  of  circumstance  and 
in  part  from  a  conviction  I  could  be  of  most  use  in  that 
way,  I  have  played  the  part  of  something  between 
maid-of-all-work  and  gladiator-general  for  Science, 
and  deserve  no  such  prominence  as  your  kindness  has 
assigned  to  me." 

His  matchless  skill  in  controversy  undoubt- 
edly won  for  Huxley  his  widest  renown.  His 
famous  bon  mot  at  the  Oxford  meeting  of  the 
British  Association  in  1860,  where  he  helped 
to  extort  a  fair  hearing  for  Darwin's  ideas, 
will  long  be  remembered.  In  the  course  of 
the  discussion,  Bishop  Wilberforce  rallied 
Huxley  on  his  descent  from  a  monkey.  The 
tactical  advantage  which  this  descent  to  per- 
sonalities gave  was  instantly  grasped  by  Hux- 
ley, who,  turning  to  his  neighbor,  said,  "  The 
Lord  hath  delivered  him  into  my  hands ! ' 
The  exact  words  used  in  this  impromptu  reply 


have  been  variously  reported.  We  learn  that 
the  most  accurate  account  is  that  of  Mr.  J.  R. 
Green,  as  follows : 

"  I  asserted  —  and  I  repeat  —  that  a  man  has  no 
reason  to  be  ashamed  of  having  an  ape  for  his  grand- 
father. If  there  were  an  ancestor  whom  I  should  feel 
shame  in  recalling  it  would  rather  be  a  man  —  a  man 
of  restless  and  versatile  intellect  —  who,  not  content 
with  an  equivocal  f  success  in  his  own  sphere  of  activ- 
ity, plunges  into  scientific  questions  with  which  be  has 
no  real  acquaintance,  only  to  obscure  them  by  an  aimless 
rhetoric,  and  distract  the  attention  of  his  bearers  from 
the  real  point  at  issue  by  eloquent  digressions  and 
skilled  appeals  to  religious  prejudice." 

No  doubt  Huxley  enjoyed  a  good  fight.  In 
1859  he  wrote  Darwin,  "  I  am  sharpening 
up  my  claws  and  beak  in  readiness."  Again, 
writing  to  Haeckel  a  propos  of  his  "  Morphol- 
ogie,"  he  says : 

"With  respect  to  the  polemic  excursus,  of  course,  I 
chuckle  over  them  most  sympathetically,  and  then  say 
how  naughty  they  are  !  I  have  done  too  much  of  the 
same  sort  of  thing  not  to  sympathize  entirely  with  you  j 
and  I  am  much  inclined  to  think  that  it  is  a  good  thing 
for  a  man,  once  at  any  rate  in  his  life,  to  perform  a 
public  war-dance  against  all  sorts  of  humbug  and  im- 
posture." 

To  John  Morley  concerning  one  of  his  critics  : 
"  Controversy  is  as  abhorrent  to  me   as    gin    to    a 
reclaimed  drunkard  ;  but  oh  dear  !  it  would  be  so  nice 
to  squelch  that  pompous  impostor." 

His  persistency  in  following  up  his  attacks 
appears  in  a  letter  to  his  son  in  regard  to  hi& 
opposition  to  "  General "  Booth's  financial 
project  for  the  relief  of  London's  poor : 

"  Attacking  the  Salvation  Army  may  look  like  the 
advance  of  a  forlorn  hope,  but  this  old  dog  has  never 
yet  let  go  after  fixing  his  teeth  into  anything  or  any- 
body, and  he  is  not  going  to  begin  now.  And  it  is  only 
a  question  of  holding  on." 

The  following  lines  from  his  private  journal, 
written  at  the  birth  of  his  eldest  son  in  1856, 
reveal  the  sincerity  of  Huxley's  motives,  his 
love  of  truth  as  he  saw  it,  and  hatred  of  a  lie  r 
"  To  smite  all  humbugs,  however  big  ;  to  give  a 
nobler  tone  to  science  ;  to  set  an  example  of  abstinence 
from  petty  personal  controversies,  and  of  toleration, 
for  everything  bullying  ;  to  be  indifferent  as  to  whether 
the  work  is  recognized  as  mine  or  not,  so  long  as  it  i& 
done  :  —  are  these  my  aims  ?  1860  will  show." 

The  same  spirit  breathes  in  a  courteous  letter 
to  Rev.  E.  McLure,  written  in  1891 : 

"  So  far  as  I  know  myself,  after  making  due  deduc- 
tion for  the  ambition  of  youth  and  a  fiery  temper, 
which  ought  to  (but  unfortunately  does  not)  get  cooler 
with  age,  my  sole  motive  is  to  get  at  the  truth  in  all 
things.  I  do  not  care  one  straw  about  fame,  present  or 
posthumous,  and  I  loathe  notoriety,  but  I  do  care  ta 
have  that  desire  manifest  and  recognized." 

Huxley's  scientific  achievements  were  soon 

tHuxley  had  no  recollection  of  using  the  word  "  equivocal." 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


351 


recognized  by  memberships  in  learned  societies 
conferred  upon  him  at  home  and  abroad.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  connected  with 
more  than  seventy-five  such  organizations.  His 
leadership  was  also  acknowledged  in  England 
by  election  to  positions  of  responsibility  in 
various  scientific  bodies,  the  most  notable  be- 
ing the  Presidency  of  the  Royal  Society.  The 
government  also  availed  itself  of  his  services 
on  a  number  of  important  commissions  which 
dealt  with  the  Fisheries,  Vivisection,  Con- 
tagious Diseases,  Medical  Acts,  Educational 
Institutions  for  Ireland,  the  Universities  of 
Scotland,  Scientific  Instruction,  and  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science. 

His  services  to  education  cover  the  whole 
field  from  the  kindergarten  to  the  most  ad- 
vanced university  instruction.  For  many  years 
he  acted  as  Examiner  for  the  Science  and  Art 
department,  while  his  service  on  the  London 
School  Board,  though  brief,  was  of  far-reaching 
importance.  As  chairman  of  the  committee 
which  revised  the  school  curriculum,  he  exerted 
his  influence  strongly  in  favor  of  practical  in- 
struction in  the  sciences,  technical  instruction 
in  household  arts  for  girls,  the  introduction  of 
systematic  instruction  in  drawing,  while  above 
all  he  insisted  upon  the  importance  of  the 
adequate  teaching  of  morals.  It  was  at  this 
time  that  he  surprised  his  Liberal  friends  by 
his  outspoken  advocacy  of  Bible  instruction  in 
the  public  schools : 

"  As  English  literature,  as  world-old  history,  as  moral 
teaching,  as  the  Magna  Charta  of  the  poor  and  of  the 
oppressed,  the  most  democratic  book  in  the  world,  he 
could  not  spare  it.  'I  do  not  say,'  he  adds,  '  that  even 
the  highest  biblical  ideal  is  exclusive  of  others  or  needs 
no  supplement.  But  I  do  believe  that  the  human  race 
is  not  yet,  possibly  may  never  be,  in  a  position  to  dis- 
pense with  it." 

His  own  letters  abound  in  Biblical  allusions  re- 
vealing his  remarkable  familiarity  with  Sacred 
Writ. 

Huxley's  ideals  of  university  education  are 
well  known.  Two  American  incidents  illustrate 
his  feeling  with  regard  to  the  use  of  educational 
endowments.  He  declined  to  be  shown  about 
the  buildings  at  Yale,  saying  to  Professor 
Marsh  :  "  Show  me  what  you  have  got  inside 
of  them ;  I  can  see  plenty  of  bricks  and  mortar 
in  my  own  country."  Commenting  upon  the 
liberal  provision  for  research  at  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  he  remarked : 

"  It  has  been  my  fate  to  see  great  educational  funds 
fossilize  into  mere  bricks  and  mortar  in  the  petrifying 
springs  of  architecture,  with  nothing  left  to  work  them. 
A  great  warrior  is  said  to  have  made  a  desert  and 


called  it  peace.     Trustees  have  sometimes  made  a  pal- 
ace and  called  it  a  university." 

In  the  preface  to  the  American  edition  of 
these  letters,  Mr.  Leonard  Huxley  calls  atten- 
tion to  the  cordial  reception  accorded  to  his 
father's  writings  and  lectures  in  this  country, 
and  his  reciprocal  feeling  toward  us. 

"  His  own  interest  in  the  present  problems  of  the 
country  and  the  possibilities  of  its  future  was  always 
keen,  not  merely  as  touching  the  development  of  a 
vast  political  force  —  one  of  the  dominant  factors  of 
the  near  future  —  but  far  more  as  touching  the  char- 
acter of  its  approaching  greatness.  Huge  territories 
and  vast  resources  were  of  small  interest  to  him  in 
comparison  with  the  use  to  which  they  should  be  put. 
None  felt  more  vividly  than  he  that  the  true  greatness 
of  a  nation  would  depend  upon  the  spirit  of  the  princi- 
ples it  adopted,  upon  the  character  of  the  individuals 
who  make  up  the  nation  and  shape  the  channels  in 
which  the  currents  of  its  being  will  hereafter  flow.  .  .  . 
This  was  the  note  he  struck  in  the  appeal  for  intellect- 
ual sincerity  and  clearness  which  he  made  at  the  end 
of  bis  New  York  «  Lectures  on  Evolution.'  .  .  .  The 
interest  with  which  he  followed  the  later  development 
of  social  problems  need  not  be  dwelt  on  here,  except 
to  say  that  he  watched  their  earlier  maturity  in  America 
as  an  indication  of  the  problems  which  would  after- 
wards call  for  a  solution  in  his  own  country." 

His  feeling  about  our  Civil  War  was  like 
that  of  many  Englishmen;  his  sympathies  were 
with  the  South,  though  he  recognized  the 
cause  and  approved  the  outcome  of  the  con- 
flict. Writing  to  his  sister,  at  Nashville,  in 
1864,  he  says : 

"  I  am  in  the  condition  of  most  thoughtful  English- 
men. My  heart  goes  with  the  South,  and  my  head 
with  the  North.  I  have  no  love  for  the  Yankees,  and 
I  delight  in  the  energy  and  self-sacrifice  of  your  people; 
but  for  all  that,  I  cannot  doubt  that  whether  you  beat 
the  Yankees  or  not,  you  are  struggling  to  uphold  a 
system  which  must,  sooner  or  later,  break  down.  I 
have  not  the  smallest  sentimental  sympathy  with  the 
negro;  don't  believe  in  him  at  all,  in  short.  But  it  is 
clear  to  me  that  slavery  means,  for  the  white  man,  bad 
political  economy;  bad  social  morality;  bad  internal 
political  organization,  and  a  bad  influence  upon  free 
labour  and  freedom  all  over  the  world.  For  the  sake 
of  the  white  man,  therefore,  for  your  children  and 
grandchildren,  directly,  and  for  mine,  indirectly,  I 
wish  to  see  this  system  ended.  Would  that  the  South 
had  had  the  wisdom  to  initiate  that  end  without  this 
miserable  war  ! " 

The  letters  of  Huxley  are  intensely  human, 
revealing  the  passionate  sincerity  of  the  man 
and  his  interest  not  merely  in  the  Book  of 
Nature,  in  pure  knowledge,  and  in  the  problems 
of  existence,  but  also  in  the  practical  affairs  of 
human  life.  His  missives  to  his  friends  are 
not  studied  literary  efforts,  as  were  his  essays, 
which  he  confesses  he  re-wrote  five  or  six  times. 
They  are  full  of  the  dash  and  spirit  of  the  im- 
promptu, while  with  magnificent  abandon  he 


352 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


revels  in  allusion,  jest,  and  pun,  in  his  own  and 
foreign  tongues  ancient  and  modern.  Many  a 
keen  thrust  does  he  give  his  adversaries  —  and 
his  friends  too.  The  charming  bonhomie  which 
pervades  his  letters  is  unsurpassed  in  any  cor- 
respondence which  has  come  to  light  in  recent 
years.  Listen  to  his  invitation  to  his  good 
friend,  Dr.  Anton  Dohrn,  of  the  Naples  Marine 
Station : 

"I  await  the  'Prophecies  of  the  Holy  Antonius ' 
anxiously.  Like  the  Jews  of  old,  I  come  of  an  unbe- 
lieving generation,  and  need  a  sign.  The  bread  and  the 
oil,  also  the  chamber  in  the  wall,  shall  not  fail  the 
prophet  when  he  comes  in  August:  nor  Donner  und 
Blitzen  either.  .  .  .  And,  oh  my  Diogenes,  happy  in  a 
tub  of  arthropodous  Entwickelungsgeschichte,  despise 
not  beefsteaks,  nor  wives  either.  They  also  are  good." 

And  this  word  of  encouragement  to  a  fellow- 
Philistine  : 

"  MY  DEAR  JOHNNY  —  You  are  certainly  improving. 
As  a  practitioner  in  the  use  of  cold  steel  myself,  I  have 
read  your  letter  in  to-day's  Nature,  «  mit  Ehrfurcht  und 
Bewunderung.'  .  .  .  God  be  with  thee,  my  son,  and 
strengthen  the  contents  of  thy  gall-bladder! — Ever 
thine,  T.  H.  HUXLEY." 

By  far  the  most  notable  and  interesting  of 
his  correspondence  is  that  with  his  honored 
friend  Charles  Kingsley.  Replying  to  a  letter 
of  sympathy  at  the  death  of  his  eldest  son, 
Huxley  reveals  the  very  depths  of  his  religious 
convictions : 

''My  convictions,  positive  and  negative,  on  all  the 
matters  of  which  you  speak,  are  of  long  and  slow 
growth,  and  are  firmly  rooted.  But  the  great  blow 
which  fell  upon  me  seemed  to  stir  them  to  their  foun- 
dation, and  had  I  lived  a  couple  of  centuries  earlier  I 
could  have  fancied  a  devil  scoffing  at  me  and  them  — 
and  asking  me  what  profit  it  was  to  have  stripped 
myself  of  the  hopes  and  consolations  of  the  mass  of 
mankind  ?  To  which  my  only  reply  was  and  is — Oh 
devil !  truth  is  better  than  much  profit.  I  have  searched 
over  the  grounds  of  my  belief,  and  if  wife  and  child 
and  name  and  fame  were  all  to  be  lost  to  me  one  after 
the  other  as  the  penalty,  still  I  will  not  lie.  .  .  . 
Kicked  into  the  world  a  boy  without  guide  or  training, 
or  with  worse  than  none,  I  confess  to  my  shame  that 
few  men  have  drunk  deeper  of  all  kinds  of  sin  than  I. 
Happily,  my  course  was  arrested  in  time  —  before  I 
had  earned  absolute  destruction  —  and  for  long  years 
I  have  been  slowly  and  painfully  climbing,  with  many 
a  fall,  towards  better  things.  And  when  I  look  back, 
what  do  I  find  to  have  been  the  agents  of  my  redemp- 
tion ?  The  hope  of  immortality  or  of  future  reward  ? 
I  can  honestly  say  that  for  these  fourteen  years  such  a 
consideration  has  not  entered  my  head.  No,  I  can  tell 
you  exactly  what  has  been  at  work.  Sartor  Resartus 
led  me  to  know  that  a  deep  sense  of  religion  was  com- 
patible with  the  entire  absence  of  theology.  Secondly, 
science  and  her  methods  gave  me  a  resting-place  in- 
dependent of  authority  and  tradition.  Thirdly,  love 
opened  up  to  me  a  view  of  the  sanctity  of  human  na- 
ture, and  impressed  me  with  a  deep  sense  of  responsi- 
bility. ...  If  in  the  supreme  moment  when  I  looked 


down  into  my  boy's  grave  my  sorrow  was  full  of  sub- 
mission and  without  bitterness,  it  is  because  these 
agencies  have  worked  upon  me,  and  not  because  I  have 
ever  cared  whether  my  poor  personality  shall  remain 
distinct  for  ever  from  the  All  from  whence  it  came 
and  whither  it  goes. 

"  And  thus,  my  dear  Kingsley,  you  will  understand 
what  my  position  is.  I  may  be  quite  wrong,  and  in 
that  case  I  know  I  shall  have  to  pay  the  penalty  for 
being  wrong.  But  I  can  only  say  with  Luther,  '  Gott 
helfe  mir,  Ich  kann  nichts  anders.' " 

The  editor's  work  has  been  done  excellently, 
and  Huxley's  "  Life  and  Letters  "  is  destined 
to  take  high  rank  among  epistolary  autobiog- 
raphies. CHARLES  A.  KOFOID. 


THE  KULERS  OF  SOUTHERN  ITALY.* 

It  is  two  years  since  Mr.  Crawford  pub- 
lished that  great  vision  of  Eome  called  "  Ave 
Roma  Immortalis,"  which  fairly  established 
his  reputation  as  a  romantic  historian.  In 
the  work  entitled  "  The  Rulers  of  the  South  " 
his  observation  takes  a  more  extensive  view ; 
and  the  plan  is  chronological  rather  than  topo- 
graphical. Briefly,  it  is  a  rapid  survey  of  the 
tides  of  conquest  which  swept  over  Magna 
Gra3cia  (as  the  Romans  called  the  Southern 
provinces  of  the  Italian  mainland)  and  Sicily  ; 
Malta  is  merely  glanced  at,  and  hardly  de- 
serves a  place  in  the  title.  Mr.  Crawford's 
termini  are  the  earliest  legends  on  the  one 
hand,  and  on  the  other  the  contest  between 
Francis  I.  and  Charles  V.  for  the  possession 
of  Sicily.  This  range  of  over  two  thousand 
years  is  traversed  with  alert  step  and  unflag- 
ging enthusiasm.  The  author's  qualifications 
for  his  great  task  are  peculiar,  and  almost  too 
well-known  to  need  recapitulation.  No  living 
foreigner  knows  Italy  —  dialects,  prejudices, 
village-life,  superstitions,  and  all  —  so  inti- 
mately as  Mr.  Marion  Crawford ;  and  cer- 
tainly no  living  man  of  letters  could  have 
handled  his  materials  with  greater  skill  or 
distilled  them  with  more  certainty  into  a  fluent 
and  fascinating  narrative. 

In  the  first  volume,  after  a  graceful  group- 
ing of  the  myths  in  whose  half-light  all  the 
Mediterranean  lands  are  steeped,  Mr.  Craw- 
ford rapidly  summarizes  the  history  of  Sicily 
and  Southern  Italy  through  their  successive 
possession  by  Sicelians,  Phrenicians,  Greeks ; 

*THE  RULERS  OF  THE  SOUTH:  SICILY,  CALABRIA,  AND 
MALTA.  By  F.  Marion  Crawford.  Illustrated  by  twenty- 
eight  photogravures  and  ninety-one  illustrations  in  the  text 
by  Henry  Brokman.  In  two  volumes.  New  York:  The 
Macmillan  Co. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


353 


Romans,  Byzantines,  Goths,  and  Arabs  ;  Nor- 
mans, German  Emperors  and  French  ;  Span- 
iards of  Aragon  and  of  Bourbon,  and  Savoy- 
ard Kings  of  Italy.  He  sharply  fixes  our 
attention  on  one  great  difference  between  the 
Italian  South  and  all  other  countries  bordering 
on  the  Mediterranean. 

"  It  has  lacked  strength  of  its  own  from  the  begin- 
ning, it  has  lacked  the  genius  without  which  strength 
breeds  monsters  ;  it  has  been  wanting  in  the  original 
character  which  bears  modification  but  resists  extirpa- 
tion; it  has  produced  no  race  which  another  has  not 
been  able  to  enslave  ;  one  people  after  another  has 
taken  possession  of  it,  each  amalgamating  in  some 
degree  with  the  last,  but  the  welding  of  races  has  not 
become  a  great  race,  nor  has  any  first  element  out- 
lasted and  outruled  the  others.  It  has  been  the  prize 
of  contending  warriors,  it  has  been  the  playground  of 
magnificent  civilizations,  but  it  has  neither  acted  the 
part  of  conqueror  itself,  nor  has  it  ever  produced  a 
civilization  of  its  own.  ...  In  the  balance  of  the 
world's  forces  Sicily  has  been  feminine  and  reproduc- 
tive rather  than  masculine  and  creative  ;  endowed  with 
supreme  natural  beauty,  she  has  been  loved  by  all,  she 
has  favored  many,  and  she  has  borne  sons  to  a  few, 
sons  such  as  Archimedes  and  Theocritus,  Dionysius  and 
Agathocles,  King  Roger  and  Frederick  Second  of 
Hohenstaufen,  of  Greek,  Norman,  and  Norman-German 
blood.  But  if  we  ask  for  a  great  man  whom  we  may 
call  a  Sicilian,  we  must  ask  what  Sicilians  were,  and 
we  shall  receive  different  answers  in  different  ages,  — 
'Greeks,  Arabs,  Normans,  Spaniards  and  Italians  have 
all  been  Sicilians  at  one  time  or  another." 

Mr.  Crawford's  account  of  the  Greek  periods 
of  domination  in  Sicily  is  both  connected  and 
luminous ;  and  the  space  he  devotes  to  it  is 
quite  in  proportion  to  its  supreme  importance 
in  the  history  of  the  island.  In  general,  he 
follows  and  agrees  with  Adolf  Holm  (whose 
'Geschichte  Siciliens  still  remains  untrans- 
lated) ;  but  his  judgment,  especially  in  ques- 
tions of  geography  and  topography,  is  evi- 
dently based  on  his  own  knowledge,  which  is 
both  comprehensive  and  accurate.  The  narra- 
tive is  interspersed  with  passages  of  episodical 
brilliancy,  as,  for  example,  the  description  of 
the  disastrous  Athenian  expedition  —  a  theme 
which  never  fails  to  stir  profoundly  all  tellers 
of  the  tragic  tale,  from  Thucydides  down.  The 
portraits  of  the  Graeco-Sicilian  worthies,  too, 
are  vivid  and  convincing :  all  readers  will 
carry  away  from  these  pages  a  fresh  and  last- 
ing impression  of  Gelon,  Hiero,  the  Dionysii, 
Dion,  Hermocrates,  and  Timoleon. 

The  Greek  character,  both  individual  and 
as  a  race,  has  often  been  judged  as  Mr.  Craw- 
ford judges  it ;  but  the  verdict  has  seldom 
been  so  eloquently  pronounced  as  in  his  words  : 

"  He  [the  Greek]  was  as  incapable  of  sinking  his 
highly  original  personality  in  the  ranks  of  an  organiza- 


tion as  he  was  of  devoting  his  whole  energies  to  money- 
making  ;  he  was  a  free  lance  rather  than  a  trained  sol- 
dier ;  an  artist,  not  a  middle-class  citizen  ;  a  man  of 
genius,  not  a  banker.  In  the  heat  of  enthusiasm  there 
were  few  feats  which  he  could  not  accomplish,  and  his 
restless  blood  could  not  brook  the  daily  round  of  a 
humdrum  existence.  In  war  he  loved  the  brilliant 
pageant,  the  high  pjcan  song,  the  splendid  arms,  the 
woven  garlands,  the  air  of  triumph  before  the  battle, 
and  the  trophy  and  the  sacrifice  after  the  fight.  When 
peace  followed  war,  he  craved  the  excitement  of  the 
great  Greek  games,  the  emotions  of  the  almost  impos- 
sibly beautiful  in  art,  the  heart-beating  of  the  reckless 
player  throwing  for  high  stakes,  the  physical  intoxica- 
tion of  wine,  and  the  intellectual  intoxication  of  the 
theatre  ;  and  when  these  palled,  he  lost  patience  with 
peace  and  became  the  most  gratuitously  quarrelsome 
of  human  beings,  taking  offense  at  the  hue  of  his 
neighbor's  cloak,  attacking  a  friend  for  an  imaginary 
attack  upon  the  least  of  his  innumerable  vanities,  and 
making  war  about  nothing,  with  the  fine  conviction  of 
a  thoroughly  ill-tempered  child,  that  smashes  its  new 
doll  to  atoms  rather  than  be  good  for  five  minutes. 

"  As  the  Greek  was  individually,  so  were  the  Greeks 
in  a  body,  wherever  they  established  themselves,  iu  the 
fertile  plains  and  undulating  hills  of  Asia  Minor,  in  the 
wild  mountains  and  isolated  valleys  of  their  own 
Greece,  and  that  greater  Hellas  with  which  this  story 
has  been  concerned.  They  were  always  at  odds  with 
each  other,  and  they  rarely  fought  a  foreign  foe  with- 
out seeing  the  faces  of  their  born  countrymen  in  tbe 
ranks  that  opposed  them  ;  they  were  alike  incapable  of 
submitting  without  a  murmur  to  the  rule  of  a  single 
master,  and  of  governing  themselves  as  one  whole  by 
the  orderly  judgment  of  the  many.  Wherever  they 
appeared  they  excited  admiration  and  they  often  in- 
spired terror  ;  wherever  they  dwelt,  even  for  a  brief 
term  of  years,  they  left  behind  them  works  of  lasting 
beauty  ;  but  whereas,  as  artists,  as  poets,  and  as  philos- 
ophers, they  created  a  standard  that  has  made  rivalry 
impossible  and  imitation  ridiculous,  their  government 
has  left  no  trace  in  the  lands  they  once  inhabited,  and 
their  laws  have  had  less  influence  upon  the  subsequent 
law-givers  of  mankind  than  those  of  the  Chinese  or 
the  Aztecs.  In  their  arts  and  in  their  literature  they 
worked  for  all  time  ;  in  their  government  they  were 
opportunists  and  intriguers,  when  they  were  not  vision- 
aries, and  the  type  of  their  race  having  disappeared 
from  the  world,  the  conditions  under  which  it  lived  are 
beyond  the  comprehension  of  other  civilized  peoples." 

After  the  Greek  came  the  Roman  ;  and  into 
something  over  a  hundred  pages  is  condensed 
the  stirring  story  of  Roman  domination,  from 
the  First  Punic  war  to  the  downfall  of  the 
Western  Empire,  476  A.D.  ;  seven  hundred 
years  of  rule  and  misrule,  in  which  the  gigan- 
tic robberies  of  Verres  make  other  oppressions 
seem  but  petty  annoyances.  With  the  brief 
ineffectual  episode  of  Goths  and  Vandals,  the 
first  volume  closes. 

Volume  II.  opens  with  the  Byzantine  period, 
followed  in  rapid  succession  by  the  Saracen 
invasions  and  the  rise  of  Palermo  as  a  Mo- 
hammedan capital,  the  appearance  and  domi- 


354 


THE    DIAL, 


[Nov.  16, 


nation  of  the  Normans,  the  fierce  struggle 
with  the  Angevins,  the  bloody  Sicilian  Ves- 
pers, and  the  varying  successes  of  French 
King  and  Holy  Roman  Emperor.  All  these 
contests,  whatever  their  other  issue,  had  one 
unvarying  result :  they  drenched  the  devoted 
island  with  blood  —  "  quicquid  delirant  reges, 
plectuntur  Achivi."  The  immense  recuper- 
ative power  of  the  land  is  thus  depicted  by  the 
author : 

"  Those  who  know  Sicily  even  superficially  must 
easily  realize  that  its  conditions  of  prosperity  could 
change  with  surprising  quickness  in  the  alternations  of 
peace  and  war.  It  was  an  altogether  agricultural  coun- 
try, but  it  was,  and  still  is,  the  richest  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean. I  will  compare  it,  in  its  different  states,  to  a 
great  foundry  or  manufactory.  Everything  required 
for  the  production  of  valuable  merchandise  is  present, 
waiting  to  be  smelted,  cast,  turned,  and  finished.  Fur- 
naces glow,  hammers  ring,  lathes  move  silently  and 
quickly,  a  thousand  artisans  are  at  work,  and  wealth  is 
created  hourly  and  instantly  by  sure  and  industrious 
hands.  Presently  comes  the  check;  there  is  war,  and 
the  enemy  is  at  hand,  or  the  men  strike  and  go  away 
in  a  body.  The  place  is  the  same,  and  yet  it  is  all  at 
once  a  dreary  wilderness,  the  fires  are  gone  out,  the 
wind  howls  through  the  vast  deserted  sheds,  the  ma- 
chinery rusts  in  the  silence,  and  it  all  looks  as  if  only  a 
miracle  could  bring  back  the  extinguished  life.  Yet 
all  things  are  ready  for  the  making  of  wealth,  as  they 
were  before.  The  enemy  retires,  or  the  strike  is  over, 
and  in  a  day  the  factory  is  once  again  in  the  /roar  and 
blast  of  production,  alive  and  awake. 

"  Thus  also  Sicily  lay  waste  from  time  to  time,  and 
awoke  again  to  instant  riches  at  the  golden  touch  of 
peace.  There  is  not  a  valley  in  the  whole  island  where 
men  have  not  lain  in  ambush  to  kill  other  men,  nor  a 
field  that  has  not  been  dyed  crimson,  nor  a  lovely  defile 
of  the  mountains  whose  rivulet  has  not  run  red.  Within 
the  narrow  seagirt  space,  six  hundred  miles  round, 
Greeks  and  Phoenicians,  Carthaginians  and  Romans, 
Byzantines,  Goths,  Saracens,  Normans,  Frenchmen, 
Catalans,  freemen  and  slaves  fought  almost  unceasingly 
for  more  than  two  thousand  years  ;  and  in  every  inter- 
val of  rest  the  rich  soil  brought  forth  its  fruit  an  hun- 
dred fold,  the  blood-stained  meadows  blossomed  again, 
and  the  battlefield  of  many  nations  was  again  the  gar- 
den of  the  world." 

After  his  historical  work  is  done,  Mr. 
Crawford  refreshes  himself  with  a  chapter  of 
modern  description  devoted  to  the  Camorra  of 
Naples  and  the  Mafia  of  Sicily,  about  which 
Americans  know  very  little  beyond  their  names. 
The  Mafia,  in  particular,  seems  to  have  an 
elastic  but  thoroughly  efficient  organization 
which  Tammany  might  envy,  and  whose  powers 
of  terrorism  will  not  invite  travellers,  in  spite 
of  the  author's  comforting  assurance  that,  ex- 
cept in  a  few  dangerous  localities,  the  traveller 
who  has  no  vested  interests  in  the  islands  "  may 
go  with  safety  where  a  Sicilian  nobleman  or  a 
landholder  hostile  to  the  illicit  powers  would 


need  the  protection  of  a  dozen  mounted  car- 
bineers." 

The  style  throughout  alternates  between 
straightforward  nervous  narrative  and  a  certain 
quaint  artlessness,  with  plenty  of  introductory 
"ands,"  quite  in  the  manner  of  some  monkish 
chronicler.  The  author  has  been  reasonably 
careful  in  statements  of  fact ;  but  it  certainly 
seems  too  strong  to  say  (a  propos  of  Hiero's 
ship  with  twenty  banks  of  oars)  that  "  nothing 
whatever  is  known  as  to  the  arrangement  of 
the  banks,  even  in  the  ordinary  trireme  "  ;  and 
that  Breusing's  researches  have  "completely 
destroyed  the  old-fashioned  belief  of  scholars 
that  three  banks  of  oars  situated  one  above 
the  other  could  under  any  circumstances  be 
pulled  at  the  same  time  "  (Vol.  I.,  p.  243). 
The  statement,  too,  on  p.  82  of  Vol.  I.,  that 
"  nothing  that  Bacchylides  wrote  has  come 
down  to  us,"  was  at  no  time  exactly  true  ;  and 
surely  should  be  revised  in  the  light  of  the 
recent  discoveries. 

The  volumes  are  handsomely  printed,  in 
uniform  style  with  the  "  Ave  Roma  Immor- 
talis  "  ;  and  the  beautiful  photogravures  and 
drawings  by  Brokman  (the  latter  scattered 
through  the  text  in  rather  haphazard  fashion) 
illuminate  the  narrative  at  every  turn. 

JOSIAH  RENICK  SMITH. 


A  CHILD  OF  MANIFEST  DESTINY.* 


When  a  man  first  does  something  very  fine 
indeed,  he  may  well  fear  —  or  at  least  his 
friends  may  well  fear  for  him  —  that  he  will 
not  be  able  to  do  something  else  worthy  to  be 
compared  with  it.  Until  we  get  used  to  it, 
genius  so  often  seems  accident.  There  must 
be  some  high  wave  which  no  other  wave  will 
reach.  When  M.  Rostand  had  surprised  the 
world  with  "  Cyrano  de  Bergerac,"  it  was  not 
unnatural  that  the  world  should  think  that  his 
next  play  could  not  sustain  the  effect. 

Nor  did  the  advance  reports  entirely  reas- 
sure the  doubting.  A  play  written  especially 
for  someone  seems  to  lack  spontaneity,  even 
though  the  someone  be  Mme.  Bernhardt.  That 
great  actress  was  to  impersonate  the  unfor- 
tunate, but  still  the  slight,  the  weak  little 
King  of  Rome.  It  was  a  Napoleonic  play, — 
a  part  of  that  strange  revival  of  an  old  en- 
thusiasm that  was  interesting  but  ephemeral 

*L'AiGLON  :  A  Play  in  Six  Acts.  By  Edmond  Rostand. 
Adapted  into  English  by  Louis  N.  Parker.  New  York: 
R.  H.  Russell. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


355 


And  it  was  a  play  of  our  own  century,  almost 
our  own  time ;  it  might  be  brilliant,  clever, 
emotional,  but  it  could  hardly  have  the  true 
atmosphere  of  romance.  Even  the  accounts  of 
the  play's  success  in  Paris  were  not  convincing. 

Such  misgivings,  such  doubts,  were  set  at 
rest  when  the  book  itself  was  read,  —  doubly 
buried  when  the  play  was  seen.  The  book 
may  now  be  read  by  anyone.  The  play  will 
doubtless  be  widely  acted,  if  less  widely  than 
"  Cyrano  de  Bergerac,"  not  because  it  is  less 
great  as  a  play  but  because  it  is  greater.  M. 
Rostand  has  even  bettered  his  first  masterpiece. 
This  tragedy,  with  its  poor,  weak  little  hero, 
with  all  its  frivolity,  all  its  decadent  circum- 
stance, makes  a  stronger  effect  than  its  wonder- 
ful predecessor, —  stronger  even  if  less  obvious. 

Perhaps  as  one  sees  it  in  New  York,  —  not 
a  French  play  given  by  French  actors  for  a 
French  audience,  but  simply  a  play  like  any 
other,  —  perhaps  one  gains  something  which 
will  go  to  make  up  for  what  is  certainly  lost. 
We  in  America  cannot  read  or  see  it  with  the 
feelings  of  those  who  are  themselves,  almost, 
part  actors  in  the  tragedy.  We  lose  all  that. 
But  losing  that,  we  can  see  better  the  wider 
application,  the  broader  humanity,  that  is  in 
the  piece,  and  by  that  be  stirred  and  moved 
to  an  emotion,  not  more  genuine  than  the 
half-patriotic  feeling  of  the  Frenchman,  but 
wider  in  its  appeal.  For  in  this  young  man 
yearning  after  that  great  inheritance  which  he 
hears,  which  he  feels,  is  his,  imagining  it  in  all 
sorts  of  glittering  and  deceptive  circumstance, 
treasuring  scraps  of  others'  reminiscence,  gain- 
ing hope  from  misinterpreted  detail,  indulging 
his  fancy  with  aimless  triviality,  daring  in  ill- 
advised  effort  for  he  hardly  knows  just  what, 
failing  and  surrendering  himself  to  the  inevi- 
table hold  of  current  life  and  even  death,  — 
he  is  not,  for  us,  particularly  the  young  Napo- 
leon, he  is  merely  what  he  essentially  is, 
namely,  a  poignant  instance  of  the  fate  that 
stands  ready  for  all  humanity.  He  makes,  to 
us,  an  appeal  which,  having  lost  the  power  of 
a  particular  patriotism,  has  the  breadth  of 
human  nature.  He  becomes  one  of  the  great 
characters  of  literature. 

Most  of  those  who  saw  "  L'Aiglon  "  in  New 
York  during  the  last  month  had  seen  not  long 
before  a  new  presentation  of  "  Hamlet."  Even 
had  they  not,  they  would  naturally  have 
thought  of  the  Prince  of  Denmark  in  his  suit 
of  sable,  while  looking  upon  the  French  prince 
in  his  Austrian  white.  Without  the  pretense 
of  comparing  M.  Rostand  with  Shakespeare, 


we  may  still  compare  the  great  figure  of  Eng- 
lish romanticism  in  its  heyday  with  this  later 
figure  of  French  romance.  It  is  perhaps  sin- 
gular that  in  an  age  preeminent  for  exuberant 
conception  and  fulfilled  achievement,  the  great- 
est creation  of  literature  should  have  been  the 
man  who  thought  too  closely  on  the  event,  and 
kept  on  living  to  say,  This  thing's  to  do,  until 
circumstances  took  the  matter  out  of  his  hands. 
Not  less  singular  is  it  —  if  either  be  singular 
at  all  —  that  at  the  end  of  a  century  of  unri- 
valled material  achievement  should  come  this 
prince  who  strove  to  realize  his  fancies  of  the 
truth,  and  failed. 

If  M.  Rostand  gives  us  no  true  ending  to 
the  play,  —  for  surely  mere  failure,  mere 
death,  though  no  doubt  in  this  case  historical 
enough,  is  still  in  its  wider  application  rather 
too  simple  a  solution,  —  it  is  not,  as  we  might 
think,  because  he  is  morbid,  pessimistic, 
French.  No  less  sane  and  optimistic  a  person 
than  a  poet  laureate  of  England  gave  no  better 
an  ending  to  his  embodiment  of  Soul  at  war 
with  Sense.  King  Arthur,  wounded  to  death 
amid  the  wreck  of  his  great  imaginings  and 
the  ruin  of  his  Round  Table,  leaving  the 
world  his  mind  all  clouded  with  a  doubt,  is  no 
more  reassuring  a  figure  than  this  little  prince 
of  fairy-land  who  crawls  back  from  his  first 
real  brush  with  facts,  to  die  with  reminiscence 
of  the  trailing  clouds  of  glory  with  which  he 
was  born.  Neither  satisfies  one  whose  heart 
has  been  aroused  to  sympathy  with  the  aspira- 
tion and  with  the  struggle.  It  is  a  pity,  cer- 
tainly. Were  Shakespeare  at  hand  to-day, 
perhaps  he  would  kindly  show  us  how  the  thing 
should  have  been  done. 

Still,  the  figure  is  immensely  interesting.  As 
for  the  play,  —  for  the  character  does  not 
necessarily  make  the  play, —  one  must  wait  till 
the  glamor  of  a  first  reading,  a  first  seeing, 
shall  have  worn  away  before  we  can  feel  at  all 
decided  as  to  how  permanent  or  how  great 
is  its  power.  But  the  prospect  is  encourag- 
ing, and  fills  one  with  the  anticipation  of 
reassured  pleasure. 

EDWARD  E.  HALE,  JR. 


WE  have  long  thought  that  a  large  illustrated  history 
of  English  literature,  of  the  type  familiar  upon  the 
Continent,  was  a  desideratum,  and  have  noted  with 
pleasure  the  recent  suggestions  to  this  effect  made  by 
Professor  Dowden  and  Sir  Walter  Besant.  Mr.  Heine- 
mann  now  writes  to  the  "  Athenseum  "  to  say  that  he 
has  for  some  time  had  such  a  work  in  preparation,  under 
the  joint  authorship  of  Dr.  Richard  Garnett  and  Mr. 
Edmund  Gosse.  The  first  volume  is  expected  to  be 
ready  during  the  coming  year. 


356 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


Two  SOUTH  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.* 

The  title  selected  by  Mr.  Scruggs  for  his 
recent  volume,  "The  Colombian  and  Venezue- 
lan Republics,"  must  not  be  understood  to  im- 
ply a  political  or  constitutional  disquisition. 
The  book  is  principally  descriptive,  with  suffi- 
cient historical  narrative  to  make  clear  the 
description.  It  combines  in  agreeable  form 
the  most  interesting  features  of  a  gazetteer 
with  the  entertainment  of  a  guide  book.  The 
author  aims  to  place  before  his  North  Ameri- 
can readers  precisely  the  elements  and  char- 
acteristics of  scenery,  climate,  products,  people, 
and  modes  of  life,  which  those  readers  would 
most  naturally  seek  to  read  or  learn  about  in 
the  two  South  American  republics  named. 
This  object  has  been  well  accomplished.  For 
it,  Mr.  Scruggs  had  the  exceptionally  fine  op- 
portunity of  a  prolonged  residence  as  American 
minister  to  these  states.  The  book  evidences 
his  special  qualifications  for  such  a  task,  in 
the  keen  observation  which  has  taken  note  of, 
the  shrewdness  which  has  grasped,  and  the 
memory  which  has  retained  and  reproduced 
the  conspicuous  features  of  South  American 
life,  society,  and  manners,  and  the  capacity  to 
portray  vividly  what  has  been  seen  and  remem- 
bered. It  is  plain  that  Mr.  Scruggs  is  an  aver- 
age American,  who  has  interested  himself  in 
and  has  here  written  down  those  items  of  gen- 
eral information  which  are  most  likely  to  attract 
the  attention  and  enlist  the  curiosity  of  his 
countrymen  at  home.  Few  books  of  this  class 
come  to  us  marked  with  more  of  the  credentials 
of  a  sympathetic  prevision  of  the  subjects  which 
are  best  calculated  to  suit  readers  in  general. 
So  whether  it  be  the  topography  and  scenery 
of  the  country ;  or  its  natural  advantages,  its 
soil  and  indigenous  products,  its  flora  and 
fauna ;  or  the  extent  of  improvements  in  the 
way  of  roads,  highways,  bridges,  landscape  gar- 
dening, or  cultivation;  or  the  style  and  character 
of  its  cities,  towns,  villages,  and  plantations ; 
or  the  characteristics,  habits,  tastes,  manners, 
customs,  and  occupations  of  its  people,  as  to 
which  the  inquisitive  American  seeks  further 
information,  —  Mr.  Scruggs  is  ready  to  respond 
to  the  requisition. 

Many  of  the  facts  emphasized  by  our  author 
are  unfamiliar,  and  often  they  run  counter  to 
old  traditions  even  if  they  do  not  surprise  us. 
The  Colombian  and  Venezuelan  coffee,  a  great 

*THE   COLOMBIAN  AND  VENEZUELAN  REPUBLICS.     By 
William  L.  Scruggs.     Boston :  Little,  Brown,  &  Co. 


staple,  is  in  its  highest  grade  so  much  superior 
to  that  used  in  the  United  States,  that  "  we  do 
not  know  what  a  cup  of  real  coffee  is  until  we 
visit  our  neighbors  across  the  Caribbean,"  says 
Mr.  Scruggs.  Tobacco  is  a  native  plant ;  in 
Bogota  and  other  towns  it  is  universally 
smoked,  but  not  chewed  ;  and  the  quality  is  so 
fine  that  much  of  this  product  is  shipped  to 
Cuba  and  there  manufactured  into  "  clear 
Havanas."  The  potato  also  is  indigenous.  The 
oxen  in  the  Andes  are  gigantic,  and  the  native 
horses  cannot  be  made  to  trot.  The  mild  and 
equable  climate  of  the  elevated  plains  in  the 
mountains  is  exhilarating,  and  at  first  seems 
perfect,  but  it  develops  its  own  peculiar  ail- 
ments, among  which  are  an  early  deterioration 
of  the  normal  faculties  of  the  inhabitants,  caus- 
ing short  lives  as  a  rule,  and  accompanied  by 
a  marvellous  precocity  in  the  youth.  The  pe- 
culiar and  well-known  characteristics  of  the 
higher  classes  among  the  Spanish- American 
peoples  are  in  part  due  to  climatic  conditions, 
but  are  largely  racial.  In  these  States,  as  in 
Central  America,  miscegenation,  practiced  for 
centuries  between  whites,  Indians,  and  negroes, 
has  produced  several  mixed  races,  which  form 
so  large  a  proportion  of  the  population  as  to 
predominate  in  some  of  these  States,  and  to 
indicate  to  our  author  that  out  of  them  all  is 
yet  to  grow  an  entirely  new  "  South  Amer- 
ican "  race. 

A  flavor  of  political  science  is  imparted  to 
the  book  by  the  interesting  and  valuable  chap- 
ters on  the  Monroe  Doctrine  and  its  operations 
in  South  America,  the  Musquito  Coast  diffi- 
culty, International  Arbitration  in  general  and 
the  Arbitration  of  1899  in  particular,  Democ- 
racy in  South  America,  Spanish-American 
revolutions,  and  the  Rights  of  Foreigners  in 
South  America.  The  peculiar  characteristic 
of  the  inhabitants  which  leads  them  into  their 
frequent  "  revolutions  "  is  diagnosed  by  Mr. 
Scruggs  as  an  excess  of  egoistic  devotion  to 
individual  rights,  which  depreciates  the  value 
of  stability  in  government  and  promotes  com- 
petitive attempts  at  individual  control.  Bolivar 
believed  in  government,  no  less  than  in  civil 
rights.  But  Bolivar  was  apparently  one  hun- 
dred years  in  advance  of  his  fellows,  and  not 
yet  are  there  a  sufficient  number  of  Spanish- 
Americans  who  share  in  this  cardinal  view  as  to 
the  essentials  of  government  to  make  it  certain 
that  any  "  constitution,"  even  the  best,  can 
permanently  succeed  in  any  South  American 
State.  J.  O.  P. 


1900.J 


THE    DIAL 


357 


NEW  TOOLS  FOR  BIBLE  STUDENTS.* 


The  three  volumes  noticed  under  this  caption 
are  popular  presentations  intended  to  embody  in 
systematic  and  simple  form  the  best  results  of 
investigations  in  their  respective  fields  up  to  the 
current  year.  Professor  Riggs's  work  begins 
with  one  of  the  most  tragic  periods  of  Jewish 
history.  The  Maccabean  struggle  arouses  the 
patriotic  instincts  of  a  reader  as  almost  no  other 
event  in  all  history.  Our  author  has  carefully 
sifted  the  sources,  and  discussed  with  very  fair 
judgment  the  specific  value  which  is  to  be  at- 
tached to  each  separate  document  of  that  age. 
The  estimate  of  the  literature  and  the  system- 
atization  of  the  facts  gathered  therefrom  give 
this  volume  a  place  quite  in  advance  of  Moss's 
"From  Malachi  to  Matthew,"  or  of  Fair- 
weather's  "From  the  Exile  to  the  Advent." 
The  treatment  of  New  Testament  times,  while 
fresh  and  clear,  carries  the  reader  over  ground 
that  is  more  familiar  and  consequently  not  so 
novel  and  attractive.  The  author's  narrative 
shows  that  he  was  familiar  with  the  literature 
of  his  subject,  and  that  he  had  the  rare  gifts  of 
being  able  to  weigh  in  his  own  mind,  and  to 
state  in  good  plain  popular  English,  the  results 
of  his  processes.  The  imagination  is  also 
brought  into  play,  though  not  unduly,  for  ex- 
ample, in  his  description  of  the  so-called  ele- 
mentary schools  of  Christ's  day  (pp.  132  and 
238).  Josephus's  writings  are  accorded  their 
full  meed  of  praise ;  and  the  Roman  literature 
of  New  Testament  times  is  made  to  contribute 
its  share  to  the  better  understanding  of  Pales- 
tine in  the  first  century.  The  whole  plan  and 
arrangement  of  the  book  is  at  one  with  the 
Kent  series  —  to  which  it  belongs.  It  is  sup- 
plied with  maps  and  a  chart,  and  contains 
ample  topical  and  text  indices.  These  neces- 
sary appurtenances  of  a  usable  book,  added  to 
the  admirable  candor  and  clear  narrative  of 
the  body  of  the  work,  commend  this  as  one  of 
the  very  best  popular  discussions  of  these  two 
centuries  of  history. 

Professor    Gilbert's    "Student's    Life    of 

*  HISTORY  OF  THE  JEWISH  PEOPLE,  during  the  Maccabean 
and  Roman  Periods  (including  New  Testament  Times).  By 
James  Stevenson  Riggs,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Criticism, 
Auburn  Theological  Seminary.  New  York :  Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons. 

THE  STUDENT'S  LIFE  OF  JESUS.  By  George  Holley  Gil- 
bert, Ph.D.,  D.D.  Third  edition,  revised  and  enlarged.  New 
York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  LIFE  OF  JESUS  OF  NAZARETH.  A  Study.  By  Rush 
Rhees,  Professor  of  New  Testament  Interpretation  in  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  New  York :  Charles  Scrib- 
iier's  Sons. 


Jesus  "  appeared  in  its  first  edition  in  1896. 
Its  adaptation  to  the  needs  of  students  of  the 
Scriptures  has  already  required  the  issuance  of 
a  third  edition.  The  most  technical  and  schol- 
arly portion  of  the  earlier  editions,  the  Intro- 
duction on  the  Sources  of  the  Life  of  Jesus,  is 
here  very  properly  transferred  to  the  end  of 
the  volume  under  the  heading  "  Appendix." 
The  author  has  carefully  distinguished  between 
matter  that  is  distinctly  biographical  and  that 
which  is  doctrinal  only.  By  a  wise  use  of  titled 
paragraphs,  he  has  set  before  the  reader  an 
admirable  analysis  of  each  of  his  seventeen 
chapters.  These  paragraphs  are  models  of 
expression  and  of  statement  of  the  case  as  re- 
quired  for  students.  The  text  is  full  of  refer- 
ences to  the  New  Testament  Gospels,  and  the 
footnotes  disclose  the  fact  that  the  author  is 
familiar  with  the  literature  of  his  broad  theme. 
Ample  indices,  both  topical  and  textual,  put 
the  book  at  the  ready  command  of  the  student. 
A  couple  of  maps  would  add  very  much  to  the 
vividness  of  the  narrative  of  chapters  VI.- 
XII.  Professor  Gilbert  is  fully  abreast  of  the 
times  in  progressive  New  Testament  research, 
and  gives  us  here  as  complete  a  popular  state- 
ment of  the  case  at  the  close  of  the  nineteenth 
century  as  can  be  found  anywhere. 

Professor  Rhees's  "  Life  of  Jesus  of  Nazar- 
eth "  is  another  contribution  to  the  more  valu- 
able discussions  of  the  "  Son  of  Man."  The 
work  covers  substantially  the  same  ground  as 
the  one  just  noticed.  Its  method,  however,  is 
somewhat  different,  and  its  discussion  of  the 
literature  of  the  theme  is  a  very  valuable  feat- 
ure. The  point  of  view  of  the  author  is  shown 
in  the  fact  that  he  brings  before  his  readers 
the  Man  Jesus  as  revealed  in  the  reading  of 
the  gospels.  The  incarnation  was  the  revela- 
tion of  the  divine  through  human  life,  and  not 
through  "  a  series  of  propositions  which  formu- 
late truth."  This  was  the  method  by  which 
the  apostles  and  evangelists  arrived  at  the  con- 
clusion that  Jesus  was  the  divine  Redeemer. 
This  method  of  the  author  has  its  manifest 
advantages,  chief  among  which  is  the  constantly 
growing  idea  of  the  value  and  importance  of 
the  truth  and  the  supernatural  character  of  the 
new  Teacher.  Professor  Rhees's  presentation 
of  his  theme  according  to  this  principle  is 
highly  successful,  and  leads  the  reader  by  a 
very  natural  ascent  from  the  child  at  Nazareth 
through  the  various  stages  of  advance,  until  he 
sees  the  risen  Man  pass  from  Olivet's  heights 
into  the  heavens.  This  volume  is  so  attrac- 
tively written  and  so  richly  suggestive  of  a 


358 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


wider  field  of  research,  that  many  readers  will 
eagerly  turn  to  the  apt  remarks  in  the  "  Ap- 
pendix "  on  "  Books  of  Reference  on  the  Life 
of  Jesus,"  and  select  some  works  for  more  ex- 
tended study.  A  fine  map  adds  to  the  value 
of  the  book.  JRA  M.  PRICK 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


England's  naval  Volume  V.  of  the  comprehensive  his- 
struggle  with  tory  of  <-  The  Royal  Navy"  (Little, 

Napoleon.  Brown,  &  Co.),  by  Mr.  Wm.  Laird 

Clowes  and  his  able  co-laborers,  is  now  ready,  and 
is  distinguished  from  its  predecessors  by  a  certain 
unity  of  content  and  treatment,  since  it  is  wholly 
devoted  to  the  record  of  the  naval  struggle  with 
Napoleon  from  1803  to  1815,  and  is  entirely  from 
the  pen  of  Mr.  Clowes.  Mr.  W.  H.  Wilson  having  been 
prevented  from  furnishing  his  allotment,  namely, 
the  story  of  the  minor  operations  of  the  war.  Gov- 
ernor Roosevelt's  promised  account  of  the  American 
war  is  reserved  for  the  opening  section  of  the  forth- 
coming and  final  volume  of  the  work.  The  central 
episode  of  the  present  volume  is  of  course  the  cam- 
paign of  Trafalgar,  and  in  his  observations  upon 
this  momentous  action  Mr.  Clowes  has  some  plain 
truths  and  sobering  reflections  to  present  for  the  con- 
sideration of  his  countrymen,  which  we  trust  will 
not  be  lost  upon  them.  Recent  events  have  doubt- 
less had  their  effect  in  disabusing  the  minds  of  such 
Englishmen  as  are  capable  of  taking  a  rational 
view  of  themselves,  of  the  childish  notion  that  one 
Briton  is  a  match  for  three  or  four  foreigners.  En- 
gland has  just  succeeded  in  mastering,  by  sheer 
superiority  of  numbers,  a  miniature  community 
which  could  not  be  seriously  reckoned  a  power  at 
all.  Mr.  Clowes  now  calmly  tells  his  readers: 
"Most  of  our  great  victories  have  been  gained  by 
superiority  of  numbers'';  and  he  goes  on  to  say  that 
the  victory  of  Trafalgar  was  due,  not  to  superior 
foresight  or  strategy  or  bravery,  but  to  the  pres- 
ence with  the  British  fleet  of  a  sailor  of  genius, 
whose  like  England  will  probably  not  see  again. 
Mr.  Roosevelt's  forthcoming  account  of  the  naval 
actions  of  the  war  of  1812  —  which  account  we 
sincerely  trust  will  be  free  from  the  spirit  of  boast- 
fulness —  must  also  set  forth  some  salutary  facts 
for  British  contemplation.  No  intelligent  person, 
of  course,  will  question  English  valor,  since  its 
praise  is  written  in  all  true  history,  and  its  traces 
are  manifest  in  all  parts  of  the  globe.  But  it  is 
time  for  England  to  put  away  the  silly  notion  that 
foreigners,  qua  foreigners,  are  comparative  weak- 
lings whom  she  has  always  beaten  and  can  always 
beat  in  equal  fight.  The  conceit  is  ridiculous, 
Chinese,  and  retarding;  and  it  has  certainly  con- 
tributed to  recent  humiliation  (in  the  end  no  bad 
thing,  perhaps)  and  defeat.  The  lesson  of  Trafal- 
gar, thinks  Mr.  Clowes,  is  (since  England  cannot 
hope  to  have  a  Nelson  for  each  hour  of  emergency) 


"that  Great  Britain,  instead  of  relying  upon  any 
supposed  superiority  of  her  sons,  and  instead  of 
trusting  to  find  a  Nelson  when  he  is  needed,  should 
take  care  always  to  have  the  bigger  battalions  on 
her  side.  With  the  bigger  battalions,  and  with  officers 
and  men  as  good  as  those  of  any  other  nations,  she 
may  count  on  holding  her  own."  Such  sober  and 
practical  words  as  these  are  timely  at  a  period  of 
restless  militarism  and  boundless  aggression,  when 
it  may  be  said  almost  without  challenge  that 
every  considerable  power,  save  perhaps  two,  and 
certainly  one,  would  regard  with  satisfaction  En- 
gland's definitive  humiliation  and  relegation  to  the 
second  rank  —  a  contingency  which  no  thoughtful 
American  of  English  blood  can  bear  to  contemplate 
seriously  for  a  moment.  Mr.  Clowes'  volume  is  an 
unusually  interesting  number  of  the  work,  and  its 
illustrations  are  up  to  the  u*ual  high  standard. 

Biography  of  Seldom  is  a  biographer  so  favored 
Henry  George,  as  Henry  George,  Jr.,  has  been  in 
by  M»  am.  preparing  the  life  of  his  distin- 

guished father.  That  there  should  have  been  jour- 
nals left  containing  much  material,  that  letters  and 
newspaper  clippings  should  abound,  that  friends 
should  be  many  and  admirers  and  followers  a  host, 
are  of  minor  consequence  when  the  fact  of  the 
younger  Mr.  George's  profound  sympathy  and 
intimacy  with  the  career  that  promises  so  much 
for  humanity  is  taken  into  full  account.  It  is  rare 
that  two  succeeding  generations  attain  such  loving 
and  intellectual  companionship.  Almost  rarer  is 
the  feeling  prevailing  through  the  book,  which  has 
scorned  concealment  of  a  hundred  little  things  that 
go  to  show  how  intensely  human  were  all  of  Henry 
George's  characteristics,  foibles,  and  aspirations 
alike.  Born  in  Philadelphia  on  September  2, 
1839,  dying  in  New  York  City  in  the  most 
dramatic  manner,  still  vividly  in  the  public  mind, 
on  October  29,  1897,  Henry  George  lived  a  most 
human  life,  as  we  see  it  painted  here.  No  attempt 
is  made  in  this  biography  to  hide  the  trifling 
follies  of  youth,  the  more  serious  mistakes  of 
manhood.  On  the  contrary,  the  steps  by  which 
the  elder  George  came  to  a  full  comprehension  of 
his  relations  to  his  fellows  is  depicted  in  great  de- 
tail, enabling  the  reader  to  pass  with  him  from  the 
common  American  indifference  to  everything  but 
worldly  success  into  that  better  knowledge  which 
makes  the  deprivation  of  a  single  citizen  the  con- 
cern of  the  entire  Republic.  The  birth  and  growth 
of  the  idea  which  was  known  later  as  the  "Single 
Tax,"  and  the  singular  receptiveness  of  its  re-dis- 
coverer to  the  claims  of  priority  on  the  part  of 
others,  are  intensely  interesting  and  interpretative 
as  told  in  the  younger  Mr.  George's  pages.  Food 
for  reflection,  too,  is  given  by  the  attitude  toward 
university  training,  which  the  economist  thought 
almost  fatal  to  independence  in  investigation.  The 
style  of  the  biography  is  simple  and  clear,  with- 
out enjoying  any  particular  distinction,  and  the 
biographer's  self-effacement  is  to  be  highly  com- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


359 


Th 


mended.  Alike  for  its  subject  and  its  treatment, 
"The  Life  of  Henry  George"  (Doubleday  & 
McClure  Co. )  is  a  welcome  contribution  to  biog- 
raphy.   

With  technical  art  criticism,  Arch- 
er/™ '"deacon  Farrar's  scholarly  work  on 

"  The  Life  of  Christ  as  Represented 
in  Art"  (Macmillan)  has  admittedly  little  to  do. 
The  theme  is  treated  from  the  religious  and  his- 
torical view-point,  and  the  aim  of  the  author  is  in 
the  main  to  enable  his  readers  to  understand  and 
feel  the  power  of  those  mighty  sermons  preached 
by  the  great  religious  painters  to  men  of  their  own 
generation,  and  which  to  the  great  mass  of  men  of 
ours  are  locked  in  an  unknown  tongue.  In  these 
grand  works  of  a  devout  and  believing  age  lie 
sources  of  enduring  delight  and  consolation  to  all 
who  can  look  upon  them  with  the  seeing  eye ;  and 
it  is  in  the  hope  of  increasing  the  number  of  those 
capable  of  this  high  and  improving  pleasure  that 
Dean  Farrar  has  written.  He  has  also  endeavored 
to  indicate  how  the  worth  and  dignity  of  religious 
painting  has  fluctuated  with  the  varying  sincerity 
of  the  periods  of  its  production  —  for  Art  cannot 
deceive,  but  invariably  betrays  herself  when  at- 
tempting to  express  emotions  that  she  does  not  feel. 
Dean  Farrar's  book  is  the  record  mainly  of  his  own 
impressions  and  reflections,  and  while  not  always 
convincing  in  its  defense  of  the  thesis  that  the 
worth  of  a  painting  varies  directly  with  the  depth 
of  the  religious  sentiment  of  its  producer  (a  propo- 
sition which  seems  to  leave  too  far  out  of  the  count 
the  supreme  importance  of  mastery  of  technique), 
it  is  a  most  valuable  aid  to  the  enjoyment  of  the 
more  spiritual  qualities  of  the  masterpieces  it  de- 
scribes. The  illustrations,  consisting  of  twenty- 
three  full-page  plates  and  a  great  number  of  well- 
chosen  and  instructive  drawings  in  the  text,  are 
largely  taken  from  the  great  Italians  of  the  four- 
teenth and  fifteenth  centuries,  the  Dutch,  Germans, 
and  Flemings  being  less  fully  represented,  and  the 
Spaniards,  except  Velasquez,  scarcely  at  all.  A  few 
examples  from  modern  painters  —  Rossetti,  Hunt, 
Burne- Jones,  Millais,  etc.  —  are  included.  The 
volume  is  an  attractive  one  outwardly,  and  will  be 
especially  valued  by  those  who  incline  to  study  art 
from  the  author's  point  of  view. 


impartial  views  Impartiality  which  is  rightly  to  be 
of  Russia  and\  called  judicial  characterizes  Mr. 
the &^ian,.  Edmund  Noble's  "Russia  and  the 
Russians"  (Houghton,  M.fflin  &  Co.).  In  no  other 
book  on  this  vexed  topic  do  we  remember  noting 
so  complete  a  mingling  of  the  good  and  bad,  leaving 
the  reader  with  a  sense  of  reality  and  humanity  as 
assuring  as  it  is  unusual.  By  far  the  greater  part 
of  the  American  nation  regards  the  great  empire  of 
the  Tsar  with  frank  good  will,  tempered  by  a  knowl- 
edge of  its  despotism  and  illiberally  toward  political 
thought.  This  sentiment  probably  had  its  origin  in 
the  kindly  action  of  Russia  during  the  Trent  episode 


of  our  Civil  War,  strengthened  through  the  lapsing 
years  by  many  other  indications  of  hospitality  and 
friendship.  The  rising  in  the  United  States  of  a 
party  confessedly  Anglophilic  in  these  later  days 
makes  it  the  more  needful  that  the  truth  should  be 
told,  to  allay  the  assertions  of  partisans  on  both 
sides.  This  is  Mr.  Noble's  task,  and  he  has  ac- 
quitted himself  well.  In  its  newness,  America  has 
many  things  in  common  with  Russia,  and  more 
than  one  change  in  our  recent  governmental  policies 
has  had  the  Russian  flavor.  Both  nations,  as  we 
see  clearly  in  these  pages,  have  all  the  world  before 
them  in  which  to  choose,  with  Russia  committed  to 
a  policy  which  has  already  outstripped  her  present 
powers  of  assimilation,  benevolent  or  otherwise. 
The  Russia  of  Count  Tolstoy's  recent  novel,  the 
Russia  of  Mr.  George  Kennan,  are  to  be  seen  in 
Mr.  Noble's  book  beside  the  land  of  intense  patriot- 
ism and  self-seeking  which  is  contesting  with  Great 
Britain  for  the  supremacy  of  the  world.  The  book 
is  to  be  highly  commended  to  those  seeking  truth 
rather  than  a  confirmation  of  existing  prejudices. 

Books  relating  to  the  stage  are  grow- 

™s  more  iQ  demand  each  year- 

due  perhaps  to  the  fact  that  the 
natural  curiosity  of  the  play-loving  public  has  usu- 
ally been  incited  by  fancies  rather  than  satisfied  by 
facts.  '•  The  Theatre  and  Its  People  "  (Doubleday, 
Page  &  Co.)  is  in  many  respects  unlike  any  other 
book,  and  may  be  regarded  as  a  sort  of  theatrical 
vade-mecum.  Mr.  Franklin  Fyles,  the  author,  is 
dramatic  critic  of  the  New  York  "  Sun,"  and  him- 
self a  dramatist  of  no  mean  skill.  His  information, 
therefore,  comes  from  the  inside ;  and  to  those  who 
are  unfamiliar  with  stage  life — unfamiliar  with 
the  theatrical  business  and  profession  as  pursued  in 
America  to-day  —  the  volume  will  prove  interesting 
and  valuable.  It  treats  such  subjects  as  the  mak- 
ing of  actors,  theatrical  managers,  the  writing  of 
plays,  authors'  gains  and  losses,  rehearsals,  first 
nights,  stage  fright,  life  behind  the  scenes,  etc.,  in 
such  a  way  as  to  convey  a  specific  knowledge  of  the 
subject  —  to  convey  the  truth  plainly,  rather  than 
to  create  illusions  or  destroy  them.  When  we  con- 
sider that  there  are  five  thousand  theatres  in  the 
United  States  counting  all  kinds,  that  not  less  than 
one  and  one-half  million  persons  sit  in  these  theatres 
each  week-day  night  in  a  season  of  at  least  eight 
months,  that  seventy-five  millions  of  dollars  (a  con- 
servative estimate)  are  paid  by  Americans  each  year 
for  theatrical  amusement,  we  realize  the  scope  and 
interest  of  Mr.  Fyles's  treatise.  The  volume  con- 
tains many  appropriate  illustrations. 

It  has  been  pointed  out  that  musical 
£T  biography  labors  under  two  conspicu- 

ous  disadvantages:  the  customary 
absence  of  interesting  details  in  the  lives  of  eminent 
musicians,  and  the  lack  of  biographers  who  have 
sufficient  literary  resources  to  enable  them  to  use  to 
the  best  advantage  such  materials  as  their  subjects 


360 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


afford.  Miss  Rosa  Newrnarch,  in  her  biography  of 
Tchaikovsky  (John  Lane),  traces  the  life  of  the 
melancholy  Russian  musician  whose  emotional  and 
romantic  despair  seemed  to  belong  to  other  times 
and  other  lands  —  to  echo  Chateaubriand  and  Byron 
rather  than  Gogol  and  Tourgue'nief  —  in  a  manner 
highly  commendable.  The  volume  is  entertaining, 
notwithstanding  the  axiom  that  to  write  technically 
about  music  is  to  render  one's  self  unintelligible  to 
all  but  musicians.  Though  the  best  known  among 
Russian  composers,  Tchaikovsky  was  by  no  means 
the  greatest.  It  is  true  that  he  was  "  a  poet  of  one 
mood  in  all  his  lays,"  but  he  was  not,  like  Glinka, 
or  in  a  less  degree  like  Rimsky-Korsakov,  conse- 
crated to  the  service  of  nationality  ;  as  a  result  of 
this,  his  works  are  popular  with  the  English  audi- 
ence, and  his  death,  which  occurred  six  years  ago, 
is  to  be  lamented.  As  a  musical  critic  he  was  well 
known  in  his  own  country ;  those  extracts  from  his 
writings  which  are  reproduced  in  this  volume  are 
chiefly  valuable  because  they  throw  some  light  upon 
his  personal  tastes  and  the  tendencies  which  influ- 
enced his  music.  The  "  Diary  of  My  Tour  Abroad 
in  1888,"  a  modest  record  of  concerts  given  and 
operas  conducted  by  Tchaikovsky,  closes  the  vol- 
ume. One  thing  is  omitted  —  which  invariably 
proves  convenient  in  any  lengthy  biography  —  an 
index.  

Denizens  of  our  woods  and  fields 
™denFeatLnr  find  a  worthy  advocate  in  Mr.  John 

Burroughs,  who,  in  his  "  Squirrels 
and  other  Fur-bearers  "  (Houghton),  recounts  his 
experiences  with  them  and  their  cunning  ways. 
His  simple  tales  lend  something  of  a  human  inter- 
est to  the  lives  of  these  humble  creatures,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  the  influence  of  this  book  will 
tend  to  abate  the  fierce  and  bloody  warfare  of  ex- 
termination which  man  so  relentlessly  wages  upon 
them  with  trap  and  gun.  Indeed,  every  reader 
should  become  a  friend  of  all  squirrels  and  chip- 
munks, of  the  rabbit  and  the  hare,  of  the  fox  and 
the  mink,  and  even  of  the  little  brown  mice.  The 
book  is  limited  in  scope,  in  large  part,  to  the  per- 
sonal observations  of  the  author  on  the  smaller  and 
better  known  mammals  of  the  forests  of  the  eastern 
part  of  the  United  States.  But  this  limit  affords 
room  enough  for  a  very  interesting  and  most  read- 
able book.  Fifteen  plates  after  Audubon,  and  an 
original  frontispiece,  all  in  color,  adorn  the  work. 
—  In  these  days  of  many  bird  books,  novelty  either 
in  subject  or  treatment  is  a  matter  of  prime  im- 
portance. The  birds  of  English  gardens  and  moors 
and  meadows  have  been  the  theme  of  many  writers, 
but  none,  perhaps,  has  dealt  with  the  subject  in  so 
original  and  fresh  a  manner  as  Miss  Pollard  in  her 
"  Birds  of  My  Parish"  (John  Lane).  This  is  a  book 
of  avian  small  talk,  in  which  the  birds  themselves 
do  the  most  of  the  chattering  with  a  wholesome 
disregard  of  the  conventionalities  of  all  well-ordered 
ornithologies.  A  deal  of  information  about  English 
birds  and  their  habits  is  here  presented  in  a  very 
entertaining  manner. 


The  most  utejui  Ifc  is  difficult  to  realize  that  "  Web- 
single  volume  ster's  International  Dictionary" 
Engh,h  dictionary.  (Merriam)  is  already  ten  years  old. 
We  are  reminded  of  that  fact  by  the  appearance  of 
a  new  edition,  printed  from  new  plates  throughout, 
and  embodying  a  great  quantity  of  entirely  new 
matter.  Although  we  have  always  objected  seri- 
ously to  the  Websterian  orthography,  it  has  no 
doubt  become  largely  mitigated  by  its  many  later 
concessions  to  an  enlightened  taste,  and  some  of  its 
vagaries  have  become  in  a  way  mellowed  by  usage. 
And  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  famous  u  Dic- 
tionary "  is  still,  as  it  has  remained  for  many  years, 
the  most  useful  one-volume  work  of  its  kind  in  the 
language.  The  chief  special  feature  of  this  latest 
revision  of  the  work  is  provided  by  the  Supplement 
of  238  pages,  which  is  bound  in  at  the  end  of  the 
volume,  in  addition  to  the  upwards  of  two  thousand 
pages  which  preserve  the  general  arrangement  and 
contents  of  the  earlier  edition.  This  additional 
section,  which  has  been  prepared  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  William  T.  Harris,  gives  us  a  new 
vocabulary  of  about  twenty-five  thousand  words, 
which  have  been  treated  by  a  numerous  committee 
of  the  most  competent  specialists  in  the  several 
departments  of  knowledge  concerned.  Here  we 
find  not  only  technical,  dialectical,  and  exotic 
words,  in  great  numbers,  but  also  many  hitherto 
obsolete  words  that  have  been  given  renewed  cur- 
rency by  our  modern  writers.  In  short,  the  new 
"  Webster  "  is  even  more  indispensable  than  ever 
among  the  furnishings  of  the  office,  the  library, 
the  school,  and  the  home. 

The  well  printed,  generously  illus- 
trated  book  entitled  "Historic  Towns 

_  . 

of  the  Southern  States  (Putnam) 
completes  the  triad  of  volumes  on  American  His- 
toric Towns,  and  crowns  an  enterprise  which  can- 
not be  too  highly  commended  by  all  who  have  at 
heart  the  interests  of  American  history  and  histor- 
ical research.  If  it  is  possible  to  pick  out  flaws 
and  inadequacies  in  this  useful  little  series  (which 
we  should  like  to  see  extended),  it  is,  on  the  other 
hand,  easy  to  point  out  merits  in  it  ;  and  publishers, 
editors,  and  contributors  are  on  the  whole  to  be 
congratulated  on  the  outcome  of  their  efforts. 
The  present  volume,  which  opens  with  a  compre- 
hensive Introduction  by  Professor  W.  P.  Trent, 
treats  of  eighteen  of  the  older  Southern  towns  — 
Baltimore,  Washington,  Richmond,  Charleston, 
Savannah,  Mobile,  New  Orleans,  Vicksburg,  Nash- 
ville, St.  Augustine,  etc.,  and  is  enriched  with 
many  illustrations  selected  rather  for  their  historical 
value  than  for  their  quality  as  embellishments. 
Each  article  is  the  work  of  a  specially  qualified 
writer  —  Miss  Grace  King  contributing  the  one  on 
New  Orleans,  Mr.  Frank  A.  Vanderlip  that  on 
Washington,  Mr.  George  R.  Fairbanks  that  on 
St.  Augustine,  and  so  forth.  Professor  Trent's 
essay  is,  of  course,  thoughtful  and  suggestive  ;  and 
the  work  of  the  several  contributors  is  creditable 


of  the  South. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


861 


in  the  main,  due  allowances  being  made.  The 
elegant  form  and  pictorial  attractions  of  this  useful 
series  make  it  a  suitable  object  of  attention  for  the 
seeker  of  gift  books  of  the  more  substantial  sort. 

Adventure*  of  ^n  "A  Woman  Tenderfoot "  (Double- 
a  woman  in  the  day,  Page  &  Co.)  Mrs.  Grace  Gal- 
Rocky  Mountain*.  latin  Seton-Thompson  tells  with 
feminine  vivacity  and  a  touch  of  Far- Western 
"breeziness"  the  story  of  her  adventures  while  on  a 
trip  with  her  husband,  the  well-known  artist-author, 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Mrs.  Seton-Thompson,  it  must  be  under- 
stood, was  not  towed  along  ingloriously  as  a  passive 
spectator  in  the  wake  of  her  adventure-loving  com- 
panion, but  took  an  active  share  in  the  proceedings — 
camping,  shooting,  mountaineering,  "cow-punch- 
ing," or  whatever  else  chanced  to  be  the  sport  or 
enterprise  of  the  hour.  The  journey  was  the  note- 
worthy one  during  which  Mr.  Seton-Thompson 
gathered  material  for  his  popular  work,  ''Wild 
Animals  I  Have  Known  ";  so  that  in  the  present 
book  we  get  the  woman's  side  of  that  capital  story. 
Mrs.  Seton-Thompson  has  written,  she  says,  "  in 
the  hope  that  some  going-to-Europe-in-the-summer 
woman  may  be  tempted  to  go  West  instead  ";  and 
so,  for  the  benefit  of  such  members  of  her  sex  as 
may  be  allured  into  following  her  example,  she 
supplies  a  chapter  of  practical  directions  as  to  outfit, 
dress,  etc.  The  book  is  a  taking  one  externally, 
and  contains  many  drawings,  full-page  and  vignette, 
of  the  right  "outing"  flavor. 

Napoleon  in.  The  unflagging  M.  Imbert  de  Saint- 
<u  the  height  Amand  still  pursues  the  even  tenor  of 

o/  hi* power.  hjg  way  with  hjs  8erje8  Q{  8tudieg  m 

historical  biography,  the  volume  this  time  treating 
of  "Napoleon  III.  at  the  Height  of  his  Power" 
(Scribner).  The  book  is,  like  the  others,  attrac- 
tively written,  and  there  are  many  well-drawn  por- 
traits and  interesting  extracts  from  contemporary 
writings,  official  and  private.  The  period  covered 
begins  with  the  year  1860,  or  the  close  of  the 
Franco-Austrian  war  over  the  Italian  question,  and 
closes  with  the  signing  of  the  Treaty  of  Pekin  at 
the  end  of  the  year.  There  are  four  portraits  — 
Pius  fX.,  General  de  Lamoriciere,  Francis  II.  of 
Naples,  and  Garibaldi.  The  good  work  of  the  com- 
petent translator,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gilbert  Martin, 
calls  for  a  further  word  of  praise. 

Good  counsel  "Counsel  upon  the  Reading  of 
upon  the  reading  Books  "  (Houghton)  is  the  title  of  a 
pleasant  little  volume  that  we  take 
pleasure  in  commending.  It  is  the  outcome  of  a 
course  of  Extension  lectures  given  in  Philadelphia 
two  years  ago,  and  differs  from  most  books  about 
reading  in  combining  specific  recommendations 
with  its  general  advice.  Six  subjects  are  discussed, 
in  as  many  lectures,  by  specialists  who  know  how 
to  make  their  pleas  both  practical  and  eloquent. 
Professor  Morse  Stephens  writes  of  history  ;  Miss 
Repplier  of  memoirs  and  biographies;  President 


Hadley  of  sociology,  economics,  and  politics; 
Professor  Brander  Matthews  of  fiction  ;  Professor 
Bliss  Perry  of  poetry  ;  and  Mr.  H.  W.  Mabie  of 
essay  and  criticism.  Thus  various  points  of  view 
are  presented,  and  the  conclusions  reached  do  not 
always  agree,  but  the  discussion  is  throughout 
urbane,  scholarly,  and  deserving  of  respect.  Mr. 
Perry's  paper  on  poetry  seems  to  us  particularly 
deserving  of  praise,  for  so  much  sound  doctrine 
combined  with  pleasant  writing  is  not  often  packed 
within  the  limits  of  a  single  hour's  discourse.  We 
should  not  neglect  to  add  a  word  of  praise  for  the 
preface,  contributed  to  the  volume  by  Dr.  Henry 

Van  Dyke.  . 

The  title  of  Mr.  Cyrus  Townsend 

American  battle*       t»j»  •   •..     i          11        •  » 

by  land  and  tea.  Brady  s  spirited  collection  of  war 
stories,  "American  Fights  and  Fight- 
ers "  (McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.),  makes  a  strong  bid 
for  popular  favor  at  a  time  when  wars  and  ru- 
mors of  wars  are  many,  and  the  man  of  peace,  with 
his  old-fashioned  notions  and  New  Testament 
prejudices,  is  almost  looked  upon  as  out  of  date. 
The  clergy  have  caught  the  common  infection; 
and  even  the  kindly  Mr.  Brady,  the  author  of  our 
present  volume,  lends  his  pen  rather  to  painting  the 
romantic  and  heroic  side  of  war  than  to  pointing 
the  stern  if  unwelcome  moral  that  "  War  is  hell." 
But  it  would  be  hardly  fair  to  find  fault  with  Mr. 
Brady  for  not  turning  into  peace  sermons  his  ring- 
ing tales  of  the  exploits  of  Jones,  Decatur,  Barney, 
and  Truxton,  of  Greene,  Putnam,  Morgan,  Stark, 
Wayne,  and  Jackson.  The  contents  of  the  book 
are  divided  into  five  main  sections,  Part  I.  dealing 
with  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  Part  II.  with  the 
Indian  war  in  the  Northwest,  Part  III.  with  the 
War  with  France,  Part  IV.  with  the  War  with 
Tripoli,  and  Part  V.  with  the  War  of  1812.  The 
book  is  meant  for  popular  reading,  and  is  well  cal- 
culated to  stimulate  patriotism  of  the  sort  it  appeals 
to.  There  are  a  number  of  illustrations,  mainly 

from  old  prints.     . 

Close  upon  the  heels  of  Mr.  Buell's 
noteworthy  two-volume  life  of  Paul 
Jones  follows  Mr.  Cyrus  Townsend 
Brady's  "  Commodore  Paul  Jones,"  a  desirable 
volume  in  the  useful  "  Great  Commanders  Series  " 
(Appleton).  Mr.  Brady's  spirited  book  evinces 
care  in  preparation,  and  covers  satisfactorily  the 
main  events  of  Jones's  public  career.  It  is  written 
from  the  view-point  of  an  ardent  admirer ;  but  the 
author  has  satisfied  himself  through  due  examina- 
tion of  the  records  that  his  praises  are  well  bestowed. 
Mr.  Brady's  animated  style  and  exuberant  patriot- 
ism makes  his  book  an  attractive  one  for  young 
readers.  The  volume  contains  a  frontispiece  por- 
trait and  several  explanatory  cuts. 


Paul  Jones 
as  a  "  Great 
Commander. 


SOME  time  ago  we  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  two 
volumes  in  the  edition  of  Lockhart's  "  Life  of  Scott," 
published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  in  their  "  Library  of 
English  Classics."  Three  more  volumes,  completing 
the  work,  are  now  at  hand. 


362 


THE    DIAL, 


[Nov.  16, 


BRIEFER   MENTION. 

Two  new  editions  of  Borrow  will  bring  joy  to  the 
hearts  of  Borrovians.  The  edition  published  by  the 
Messrs.  Putnam  occupies  four  stout  volumes,  rather 
too  bulky  for  comfortable  reading,  but  making  a  dig- 
nified showing  on  the  library  shelf.  The  editing  pur- 
ports to  be  by  Professor  Knapp,  although  in  the  case 
of  one  volume,  "The  Bible  in  Spain,"  we  see  no  signs 
of  his  work.  The  other  titles  are  ««  Lavengro,"  "  The 
Romany  Rye,"  and  "The  Gypsies  of  Spain."  Mr.  John 
Lane's  edition  is  in  five  much  smaller  volumes,  not  ac- 
credited to  any  editorial  hand,  and  seeming  to  be  simple 
reprints.  "  Wild  Wales  "  provides  the  contents  of  the 
fifth  volume. 

We  have  already  had  more  than  one  occasion  to  praise 
that  exhaustive  guide-book  and  rich  repository  of  old 
memories,  Mr.  Samuel  Adams  Drake's  "  Old  Land- 
marks and  Historic  Personages  of  Boston "  (Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.).  For  the  reader  who  wishes  to  get  at 
second-hand  a  view  of  historic  and  storied  Boston,  and 
for  the  tourist  who  wants  a  guide  to  what  cultivated 
people  think  best  worth  seeing  in  Boston,  Mr.  Drake's 
is  distinctly  the  indispensable  book.  A  new  and  revised 
edition  of  the  work  is  now  issued,  containing  all  the 
old  cuts  and  a  number  of  new  ones. 

Boxed  together  as  a  set  come  the  five  initial  volumes 
in  the  "Riverside  Aldine  Classics"  (Houghton), 
namely, "  Evangeline,"  "  The  One  Hoss  Shay,"  "  Snow- 
Bound,"  "  Sir  Launfal,"  and  Hawthorne's  "  Legend  of 
Province  House."  This  neat,  well-printed,  inexpensive 
series  is  intended  to  include  examples  of  the  best 
American  prose  and  verse.  Special  attention  is  paid 
to  form  and  typography,  the  design  being  to  follow  the 
models  and  abide  by  the  traditions  of  the  older  presses 
whose  names  stand  for  sound  workmanship  and  quiet 
elegance.  Each  volume  contains  a  frontispiece. 

The  following  text-books  in  German  have  just  been 
published  :  "  A  German  Reader  for  Beginners," 
(Heath),  by  Professor  H.  C.  O.  Huss  ;  "  German  Lyrics 
and  Ballads"  (Heath),  selected  by  Professor  James 
Taft  Hatfield  ;  «  Der  Prozess"  (Heath),  by  Roderick 
Bendix,  edited  by  Dr.  B.  W.  Wells  ;  "  Der  Assistent " 
and  other  stories  (American  Book  Co.),  by  Fraulein 
Frida  Schauz,  edited  by  Mr.  A.  Beinhorn  ;  "  Der 
Meister  von  Palmyra"  (American  Book  Co.),  by  Herr 
Adolf  Wilbrandt,  edited  by  Professor  Theodore  Henck- 
els ;  Schiller's  "  Maria  Stuart "  (Ginn),  edited  by 
Fraulein  Margarethe  Miiller  and  Carla  Wenckebach  ; 
and  "  The  Elements  of  German"  (Holt),  by  Dr.  H.  C. 
Bierworth. 

The  American  Book  Co.  publish  "  A  Brief  Course  in 
General  Physics,"  by  Professor  George  A.  Hoadley. 
It  is  a  text- book  of  the  conventional  modern  type, 
with  full  provision  for  such  individual  work  and  labo- 
ratory exercises  as  are  within  the  reach  of  secondary 
students.  The  "  Elements  of  Physics,"  prepared  by 
Dr.  C.  Hanford  Henderson  and  Dr.  John  F.  Woodhull 
for  the  "  Twentieth  Century "  series  of  the  Messrs. 
Appleton  is,  on  the  other  hand,  somewhat  unconven- 
tional in  treatment,  and  prefers  to  relegate  laboratory 
work  to  a  special  volume.  We  welcome  particularly 
such  departures  from  custom  as  the  insertion  of  a  series 
of  full-page  portraits  with  biographical  sketches.  Nor 
is  the  history  of  the  science  neglected,  but  receives 
attention  at  many  points.  We  commend  also  the 
special  chapter  on  music  at  the  close  of  the  volume. 


NOTES. 


The  American  Book  Co.  publish  an  "  Intermediate 
Arithmetic  "  by  Dr.  William  J.  Milne. 

Mr.  Austin  Dobson's  memoir  of  Henry  Fielding  is 
published  in  a  revised  and  enlarged  edition  by  Messrs. 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

"  An  Elementary  History  of  the  United  States,"  by 
Mr.  Allen  C.  Thomas,  is  a  recent  school  publication  of 
Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 

Messrs.  E.  &  J.  B.  Young  &  Co.  send  us  a  "  New 
Pocket  Dictionary  of  the  Spanish  and  English  Lan- 
guages," by  Mr.  G.  F.  Barwick. 

"  The  Charm  ides,  Laches,  and  Lysis  of  Plato,"  edited 
by  Dr.  Barker  Newhall,  is  a  recent  Greek  text  pub- 
lished by  the  American  Book  Co. 

"  Memories  of  the  Tennysons  "  is  the  title  of  a  little 
book  by  Canon  Rawnsley  which  the  Macmillan  Co. 
announce  for  immediate  publication. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  send  us  a  volume  of  "Selections 
from  Plato  "  (in  Greek),  for  college  use,  as  edited  by 
Dr.  Lewis  L.  Forman  of  Cornell  University. 

The  American  edition  of  Mr.  Stephen  Phillips's  new 
play,  "  Herod,"  recently  produced  in  London  by  Mr. 
Beerbohm  Tree,  will  be  published  immediately  by  John 
Lane. 

Mr.  Charles  H.  Ham's  "  Mind  and  Hand,"  published 
by  the  American  Book  Co.,  is  a  third  and  revised 
edition  of  the  author's  earlier  work  entitled  "  Manual 
Training." 

"  Northern  Germany  "  and  "  London  "  are  the  two 
latest  Baedekers  to  appear  in  revised  editions.  The 
Messrs.  Scribner  import  these  volumes,  as  well  as  the 
others  of  the  series. 

A  tasteful  edition  in  pocket  form  of  Mr.  Hamilton 
Wright  Mabie's  "  Essays  on  Nature  and  Culture,"  with 
a  photogravure  portrait  of  the  author,  is  published  by 
Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

Professor  J.  P.  Gordy's  "  History  of  Political  Parties 
in  the  Uuited  States"  is  being  republished  in  a  revised 
four- volume  edition  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  The 
first  volume  has  just  been  issued. 

"  Outlines  of  Social  Economics,"  by  Messrs.  George 
Gunton  and  Hayes  Robbins,  is  a  recent  publication  of 
Messrs.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  The  work  is  designed  for 
high  schools  and  debating  societies. 

George  Dolby,  manager  for  Charles  Dickens  on  his 
reading  tours,  and  the  author  of  a  well-known  book  of 
recollections  of  the  novelist  entitled  "  Charles  Dickens 
as  I  Knew  Him,"  recently  died  in  an  English  infirmary, 
in  circumstances  of  extreme  poverty. 

Messrs.  Dana  Estes  &  Co.  republish  in  handsome 
illustrated  form  the  original  editions  of  Herman 
Melville's  four  books:  "Typee,"  "Omoo,"  "Moby 
Dick,"  and  "  White  Jacket."  Mr.  Arthur  Stedman 
contributes  a  general  introduction  to  the  edition. 

Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  publish  "  Studies  of  Animal 
Life,"  a  small  volume  of  laboratory  exercises  for  sec- 
ondary schools,  the  work  of  Messrs.  H.  E.  Walter, 
W.  Whitney,  and  F.  C.  Lucas,  three  instructors  in  the 
high  schools  of  Chicago. 

Messrs.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  have  issued  a  new  and  re- 
vised edition,  enriched  with  an  essay  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Jacobs,  of  Miss  Louisa  Laura  Costello's  popular  little 
book  of  selections  from  the  Persian  poets,  entitled 
"  The  Rose  Garden  of  Persia."  The  volume  is  a  notably 
pretty  one,  the  gay  but  not  garish  decorations  in  Ori- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


363 


ental  designs  and  colors  being  effective  and  harmonious. 
The  text  is  handsomely  printed  on  rather  thick  paper 
of  fine  quality. 

"  Shakespeare's  Predecessors  in  the  English  Drama," 
by  John  Addington  Symonds,  has  long  been  out  of 
print,  and  the  new  edition  of  the  work  which  the  Messrs. 
Macmillan  have  just  issued  will  be  peculiarly  welcome 
to  teachers  and  students  of  English  literature. 

"  Wit  and  Wisdom  of  the  Talmud,"  a  little  book  of 
extracts  edited  by  the  Rev.  Madison  C.  Peters,  and 
prefaced  by  Rabbi  H.  Pereira  Mendes,  has  just  been 
published  in  attractive  form  by  the  Baker  &  Taylor  Co. 
The  wit  is  somewhat  far  to  seek,  but  of  the  wisdom 
there  can  be  no  question. 

The  A.  Wessels  Co.  are  the  American  publishers  of 
an  English  series  of  small  books  of  popular  science, 
two  of  which  have  just  been  sent  us.  "  A  Story  of 
Bird-Life"  is  the  work  of  Mr.  W.  P.  Pycraft,  and 
"  The  Story  of  the  Wanderings  of  Atoms  "  is  written 
by  Mr.  M.  M.  Pattison  Muir. 

The  famous  "  Characteristics "  of  the  Earl  of 
Shaftesbury,  edited  by  Mr.  John  M.  Robertson,  are 
published  in  a  handsome  library  edition  by  Messrs. 
E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  This  is  the  first  reprint  of  the 
work  for  over  a  century,  and  should  serve  to  revive 
interest  in  a  worthy  but  somewhat  neglected  English 
prose  classic. 

The  "  Representative  British  Orations,"  as  edited  in 
three  volumes  by  President  C.  K.  Adams,  are  now 
published  in  a  new  edition  by  the  Messrs.  Putnam, 
together  with  an  additional  volume  edited  by  Mr.  John 
Alden.  The  new  volume  includes  examples  from 
O'Connell,  Palmerston,  Lowe,  Mr.  Chamberlain,  and 
Lord  Rosebery. 

"  The  Supernatural,"  by  Dr.  Lyman  Abbott  ; 
"  Salvation  from  Sin,"  by  the  same  author;  "Straight 
Shots  at  Young  Men,"  by  the  Rev.  Washington  Gladden ; 
and  "  Loving  My  Neighbor,"  by  Dr.  J.  R.  Miller,  are 
four  volumes  in  the  "  What  is  Worth  While  "  series 
of  booklets,  in  addition  to  those  noted  by  us  some 
weeks  ago.  Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  are  the  pub- 
lishers. 

"  Writing  in  English,"  a  school-book  of  composition, 
is  the  work  of  Superintendent  W.  H.  Maxwell  and  Dr. 
George  J.  Smith,  published  by  the  American  Book  Co. 
The  Messrs.  Appleton  publish  "  The  Art  of  Writing 
English,"  a  book  of  more  advanced  grade  than  the  one 
previously  mentioned,  the  work  of  Professor  J.  M.  D. 
Meiklejohn.  "  The  Essentials  of  the  English  Sen- 
tence," by  Mr.  Elias  J.  MacEwan,  is  a  publication  of 
Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 

The  dainty  "  Flowers  of  Parnassus  "  series,  lately 
inaugurated  by  Mr.  John  Lane,  makes  rapid  progress. 
Four  new  volumes  have  just  appeared,  comprising: 
Browning's  "  The  Statue  and  the  Bust "  and  Mr. 
Stephen  Phillips's  "  Marpessa,"  each  illustrated  by  Mr. 
Philip  Connard;  Rossetti's  «  The  Blessed  Damosel," 
illustrated  by  Mr.  Percy  Bulcock;  and  Tennyson's 
"  The  Day-Dream,"  with  illustrations  by  Miss  Amelia 
Bauerle. 

Editions  of  Omar  still  multiply.  We  now  have 
from  Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  a  handsome  volume 
containing  the  verse  translations  of  FitzGerald  and 
Whinfield,  together  with  Mr.  J.  H.  McCarthy's  prose 
version,  the  whole  edited  by  Miss  Jessie  B.  Ritten- 
house.  The  A.  Wessels  Co.  publish  a  charming  book- 
let containing  the  FitzGerald  quatrains,  and,  for  a 


distinctive  feature,  the  remarks  on  Omar  made  by  Mr. 
H.  H.  Asquith  two  years  ago  at  a  dinner  of  the  famous 
London  Club  which  annually  drinks  red  wine  and  wears 
red  roses  in  the  memory  of  the  philosopher-poet  of 
Naishapur. 

The  annual  report  for  1898  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  is  a  volume  of  over  thirteen  hundred  pages, 
and  devoted  almost  wholly  to  a  single  monograph,  by 
the  late  Edward  D.  Cope,  upon  "The  Crocodilians, 
Lizards,  and  Snakes  of  North  America."  So  important 
a  work  as  this  has  not  often  been  found  even  in  the 
publications  of  the  Institute,  and  naturalists  will  wel- 
come such  an  addition  to  the  fundamental  literature  of 
their  subject. 

Among  the  new  books  about  to  be  issued  from  the 
Oxford  University  Press  are  "  The  Oxford  Book  of 
English  Verse,  1250-1900,"  poems  chosen  and  edited 
by  Mr.  A.  T.  Quiller-Couch  ;  "  An  English  Miscellany," 
presented  to  Dr.  Furnivall  in  honor  of  his  seventy-fifth 
birthday,  and  contributed  to  by  some  fifty  authorities 
on  philology  and  early  English  literature;  and  "  Studies 
in  Foreign  Literature,"  being  the  Taylorian  lectures, 
1889-1899,  delivered  by  Messrs.  S.  Mallarme',  W.  Pater, 
W.  P.  Ker,  H.  Brown,  A.  Morel  Fatio,  E.  Dowden, 

F.  W.  Rolleston,  W.  M.  Rossetti,  P.  Bourget,  C.  H. 
Herford,  and  H.  Butler  Clarke. 

The  "  Century  Classics,"  a  new  series  of  reprints 
begun  by  the  Century  Co.,  are  in  every  way  dignified 
and  attractive  in  execution.  Each  volume  has  a  por- 
trait frontispiece  and  an  introductory  essay  by  a  good 
critical  authority.  The  volumes  are  smaller  than  those 
of  the  M, ic  mil  Ian  series  of  similar  scope,  and  the  price 
is  lower.  The  six  volumes  thus  far  issued,  and  their 
editors,  are  as  follows  :  Bacon's  Essays,  by  Professor 

G.  E.  Wood  berry  ;  Herrick's  Poems,  by    Mr.    T.   B. 
Aldrich  ;  "  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,"  by  Bishop  Potter  ; 
Defoe's  Plague  Journal,  by  Sir  Walter  Besant  ;  "  The 
Vicar  of  Wakefield,"  by  Mr.  Henry  James  ;  and  King- 
lake's  "  Eothen,"  by  Mr.  James  Bryce. 

Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  in  conjunction  with 
Messrs.  Methuen  &  Co.,  have  begun  the  publication  of  a 
"Library  of  Standard  Literature,"  four  volumes  of 
which  are  now  at  band.  They  are  "  The  Early  Poems 
of  Alfred  Lord  Tennyson,"  edited  by  Mr.  J.  Churton 
Collins  ;  "The  History  of  the  Life  of  Thomas  Ell  wood," 
edited  by  Mr.  C.  G.  Crump;  Gibbons'  "Memoirs," 
edited  by  Dr.  G.  Birkbeck  Hill ;  and  an  Italian  text  of 
"  The  Divine  Comedy,"  edited  by  Mr.  Paget  Toynbee. 
Something  like  forty  more  volumes  are  already  an- 
nounced for  this  series,  which  is  likely  to  prove  a  seri- 
ous rival  to  the  Macmillan  "  Library  of  English 
Classics  "  and  the  "  Century  Classics." 

Still  another  school  history  of  American  Literature 
has  come  to  our  desk,  the  work  of  Professor  Walter  C. 
Bronson,  published  by  Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 
While  no  better  and  no  worse  than  two  or  three  others 
that  might  be  named,  this  book  has  a  certain  individ- 
uality, based  in  part  upon  the  author's  first-hand  study 
of  the  earlier  period,  with  all  the  advantages  offered 
by  the  Harris  collection  at  Brown  University.  His 
discussion  keeps  in  touch  with  social  conditions  and  the 
general  intellectual  movement  of  the  century,  which  is 
a  commendable  feature.  The  method  is  that  of  the 
essay,  with  biographies  and  bibliographies  relegated  to 
the  position  of  foot-notes.  An  appendix  gives  some 
highly  interesting  excerpts  from  Colonial  and  Revolu- 
tionary writings. 


364 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


L.IST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  175  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 
William  Shakespeare,  Poet,  Dramatist,  and   Man.     By 

Hamilton  Wright  Mabie.    Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc., 

large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  421.  Macmillan  Co.  $6. 
Napoleon:  The  Last  Phase.     By  Lord  Rosebery.    8vo,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  283.    Harper  &  Brothers.    $3. 
Oliver  Cromwell,  his  Life  and  Character.     By  Arthur 

Paterson.     With  photogravure  portraits,  large  8vo,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  315.    F.  A.   Stokes  Co.    $3. 
Daniel    O'Connell,  and  the  Revival  of  National  Life  in 

Ireland.     By  Robert  Dunlop.  M.  A.     Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  393, 

"  Heroes  of  the  Nations."    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $1.50. 
Roger   Ludlow,  the  Colonial  Lawmaker.     By  John   M. 

Taylor.    8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  166.    Q.  P.  Putnam's 

Sons.    $150. 
Thomas  Henry  Huxley:  A  Sketch  of  his  Life  and  Work. 

By  P    Chalmers  Mitchell,  M.A.    With  portrait,  12mo, 

pp.  297.     "  Leaders  in  Science."    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

81. 
Sir  Stamford  Raffles,  and  England  in  the  Far  East.    By 

Hugh    Edward    Egerton,   M.A.      With   portrait,   12mo, 

pp.   290.     "  Builders  of  Greater  Britain."    Longmans, 

Green,  &  Co.    $1.50. 
Dames  and  Daughters  of  Colonial  Days.    By  Geraldine 

Brooks.    Illus.,    8vo,    pp.  284.    T.   Y.  Crowell  &  Co. 

$1.50. 
Henry  Fielding:  A  Memoir.    By  Austin  Dobson.    Revised 

and  enlarged  edition  ;  with  portrait.  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  315.    Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.    $1.25. 

HISTORY. 

The  Rulers  of  the  South:  Sicily,  Calabria,  Malta.  By 
Francis  Marion  Crawford ;  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc., 
by  Henry  Brokraan.  In  2  vols.,  8vo,  gilt  tops,  uncut. 
Macmillan  Co.  $6.  net. 

The  War  in  South  Africa:  A  Narrative  of  the  Anglo-Boer 
War  from  the  Beginning  of  Hostilities  to  the  Fall  of  Pre- 
toria. By  Captain  A.  T.  Mahan ;  with  Introduction  by 
Sir  John  G.  Bourinot,  K.C.M.G.  Illus.  in  colors,  etc., 
oblong  folio,  pp.  208.  New  York :  P.  F.  Collier  &  Son. 
$5. 

With  Both  Armies  in  South  Africa.  By  Richard 
Harding  Davis,  F.R.G.S.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  237.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50. 

Ian  Hamilton's  March.  By  Winston  Spencer  Churchill. 
Together  with  Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  Lieut.  H. 
Frankland,  prisoner  of  war  at  Pretoria.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt 
top,  pp.  409.  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Great  Battles  of  the  World.  By  Stephen  Crane.  Illus., 
12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  278.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.50. 

The  American  Slave-Trade:  An  Account  of  its  Origin, 
Growth,  and  Suppression.  By  John  R.  Spears ;  illus.  by 
Walter  Appleton  Clark.  8vo,  pp.  232.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $2.50. 

The  Rise  and  Fall  of  Krugerism:  A  Personal  Record 
of  Forty  Years  in  South  Africa.  By  John  Scoble  and 
H.  R.  Abercrombie.  Large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  318.  F.  A. 
Stokes  Co.  $3. 

A  History  of  Political  Parties  in  the  United  States.  By 
J.  P.  Gordy,  Ph.D.  Second  edition,  thoroughly  revised. 
In  4  vols  ;  Vol.  I.,  12mo,  pp.  598.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 
$1.75  net. 

The  Outbreak  in  China:  Its  Causes.  By  Rev.  F.  L.  Hawks 
Pott,  D.D.,  President  of  St.  John's  College,  Shanghai. 
12mo,  pp.  124.  James  Pott  &  Co.  75  cts. 

The  Story  of  China.  With  a  description  of  the  events  re- 
lating to  the  present  struggle.  By  Neville  P.  Edwards. 
Illus.,  large  8vo,  pp.  128.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  Paper, 
50  cts. 

Greek  History.  By  Prof.  Heinrich  Swoboda.  With  frontis- 
piece, 24mo,  pp.  168.  "Temple  Primers."  Macmillan 
Co.  40  cts. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Characteristics  of  Men,  Manners,  Opinions,  Times,  etc. 
By  the  Right  Honorable  Anthony,  Earl  of  Shaf  tesbury ; 
edited  by  John  M.  Robertson.  In  2  vols.,  8vo,  gilt  tops, 
uncut.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $7.50. 


The  Women  of  the  Renaissance:  A  Study  of  Feminism. 

By  R.  de  Maulde  la  Claviere ;  trans  by  George  Herbert 

Ely.     With  portrait,  large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  510. 

G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $3  50. 
Catalogue  of  the  Dante  Collection  Presented  to  Cornell 

University  by  Willard    Fiske.     Compiled    by  Theodore 

Wesley  Koch.    Part  II.,  Works  on  Dante,  with  Supple- 
ment, Indexes,  and  Appendix.     In  2  vols.,  4to.     Ithaca, 

N.  Y. :  Published  by  the  University.    Paper. 
Sleeping  Beauty,  and  Other  Prose  Fancies.     By  Richard 

LeGallienne.     12mo,  uncut,  pp.  211.    John  Lane.     $1.50. 
Milton.    By  Walter  Raleigh.    12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  286.    G.  P. 

Putnam's  Sons.    $1.50. 
The  Book  of  Omar  and  Rubdiyat:  A  Book  of  Miscellanies. 

Illus.,  large  8vo,  gilt  top,   uncut,  pp.  95.    New  York: 

M.  F.  Mansfield.    $1.75  net. 
Shakspere's  Predecessors  in  the  English  Drama.    By 

John   Addington   Symonds.     New  edition ;   8vo,  uncut, 

pp.551.    Charles  Scribner's  Sons.    $2. 
Representative    British    Orations.    Edited   by  Charles 

Kendall   Adams ;  with  supplementary  volume   by  John 

Alden.    In  4  vols.,  12mo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.   G.  P.  Putnam's 

Sons.     $5. 
Wit  and  Wisdom  of  the  Talmud.    Edited  by  Madison  C. 

Peters ;  with  Introduction  by  Rabbi  H.  Pereira  Mendes. 

12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  169.    Baker  &  Taylor  Co.     $1. 
History  of  German  Literature.  By  Robert  Webber  Moore. 

Illus..  12mo,  pp.  293.    Hamilton,  N.  Y.:   Colgate  Univer- 
sity Press. 

POETRY  AND  VERSE. 
The  Collected  Poems  of  T.  E.  Brown.    With  portrait, 

12mo,  uncut,  pp.  736.    Macmillan  Co.    $2. 
Afterglow:   Later  Poems.     By  Julia  C.  R.  Dorr.     16mo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  84.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.25. 
Ghost  of  Rosalys:  A  Play.     By  Charles  Leonard  Moore. 

12mo,  pp.  174.     Philadelphia :  Printed  for  the  author. 

Paper,  $1. 
Orpheus:  A  Masque.    By  Mrs.  Fields.    With  photogravure 

frontispiece.     8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  41.     Houghton,  Mifflin  & 

Co.    $1. 
The  Fields  of  Dawn,  and  Later  Sonnets.   By  Lloyd  Mifflin. 

12n>o,  gilt  top,  pp.  105.   Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.   $1. 
Idyls  of  El  Dorado.    By  Charles  Keeler.    16mo.  gilt  top, 

uncut,     pp.    95.      San    Francisco:    A.    M.    Robertson. 

$1.25. 
Lyrical  Vignettes.    By  F.  V.  N.  Painter.    16mo,  pp.  114. 

Boston :  Sibley  &  Ducker. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

Works  -of  Charles  Dickens,  "Temple"  edition.  In  40 
vols.,  each  with  frontispiece  in  colors,  gilt  top.  Doubleday 
&  McClure  Co.  Leather  binding,  per  set  $40. 

The  Century  Classics.  First  vols. :  Bacon's  Essays,  with 
Introduction  by  Prof.  G.  E.  Wood  berry  ;  Bunyan's  The 
Pilgrim's  Progress,  with  Introduction  by  Bishop  Henry 
C.  Potter;  Defoe's  Journal  of  the  Plague  Year,  with 
Introduction  by  Sir  Walter  Besant ;  Goldsmith's  The 
Vicar  of  Wakefield,  with  Introduction  by  Henry  James; 
Poems  of  Robert  Herrick,  with  biogr»nhical  and  critical 
study  by  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich  ;  Kinglake's  Eothen, 
with  Introduction  by  Right  Hon.  James  Bryce,  M.P. 
Each  with  portrait,  12mo,  gilt  top.  Century  Co.  Per 
vol.,  $1.  net. 

Putmam's  Library  of  Standard  Literature.  First  vols. : 
Memoirs  of  My  Life  and  Writings,  by  Edward  Gibbon, 
edited  by  G.  Birkbeck  Hill,  LL.  D. ;  Early  Poems  of  Lord 
Tennyson,  edited  by  J.  Churton  Collins;  The  Divine 
Comedy  of  Dante  Alighieri,  the  Italian  text,  edited  by 
Paget Toynbee,  M.A. ;  Life  of  Thomas  Ellwood,  Quaker, 
edited  by  C.  G.  Crump,  B.  A.  Each  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  Per  vol.,  $1.7o. 

Works  of  Herman  Melville.  Edited  by  Arthur  Stedman. 
Comprising :  Moby  Dick,  or  The  White  Whale ;  Typee,  a 
Real  Romance  of  the  South  Sea;  White- Jacket,  or  The 
World  in  a  Man-of- War;  Onaoo,  a  Narrative  of  Advent- 
ures in  the  South  Seas.  Each  illus.,  8vo.  Dana,  Estes  & 
Co.  Per  vol.,  $1.25. 

In  Memoriam.  By  Alfred,  Lord  Tennyson ;  with  rubricated 
initials  from  designs  by  Blanche  McManus.  Limited 
edition  ;  large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  137.  New  York: 
M.  F.  Mansfield.  $3.50  net. 

Robinson  Crusoe.  By  Daniel  Defoe.  With  frontispiece 
in  colors,  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  538.  "Bookman  Classics.' 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.50. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


365 


Works  of  Lord  Byron.  New,  revised,  and  enlarged  edition. 
New  yol. :  Letters  and  Journals,  Vol  IV.  Edited  by 
Rowland  E.  Prothero,  M.A.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  8vo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  500.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $2. 

Memoirs  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.  By  J.  G.  Lockhart.  Vole. 
III..  IV.,  and  V.,  completing  the  work.  Large  8vo, uncut. 
"  Library  of  English  Classics."  Macmillan  Co.  Per 
vol.,  $1.50. 

Sybaris,  and  Other  Homes.  To  which  is  added,  How  they 
Lived  in  Hampton.  By  Edward  Everett  Hale.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  470.  Little,  Brown,  & 
Co.  $1.50. 

Temple  Classics.  Edited  by  Israel  Qollancz,  M.A.  New 
vols. :  Caxton's  The  Golden  Legend.  Vol.  VI. ;  Essays 
of  Lord  Macaulay,  Vol.  II. ;  Mrs.  Gaskell's  Cranford  ; 
Vasari's  Lives  of  the  Painters,  Sculptors,  and  Architects, 
Vol.  I.  Each  with  photogravure  frontispiece,  24mo,  gilt 
top,  uncut.  Macmillan  Co.  Per  vol.,  50  eta. 

Cassell's  National  Library.  New  vols. :  Diary  of  Samuel 
Pepys,  16HO-1661  ;  Knickerbocker's  History  of  New  York, 
by  Washington  Irving,  2  vols.  ;  Prometheus  Unbound,  by 
Percy  Bysshe  Shelley.  Each  24mo.  Cassell  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Per  vol.,  paper,  10  cts. 

FICTION. 

Eleanor.    By  Mrs.   Humphry  Ward.    With    frontispiece, 

12mo,  pp.  627.     Harper  &  Brothers.     $1.50. 
In  the  Palace  of  the  King :  A  Love  Story  of  Old  Madrid. 

By  F.  Marion  Crawford.     Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.367.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.50. 
The    Life   and   Death   of   Richard  Yea-and-Nay.     By 

Maurice  Hewlett.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  410.  Macmillan 

Co.    $1.50. 
Lord  Jim:  A  Romance.  By  Joseph  Conrad.   12mo,  pp.  392. 

Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Hosts  of  the  Lord.    By  Flora  Annie  Steel.    12mo, 

pp.  344.    Macmillan  Co.     $1.50. 
The  Eagle's  Heart.    By  Hamlin  Garland.    12mo,  pp.  369. 

D.  Appleton  &  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Last  Refuge:  A  Sicilian  Romance.     By  Henry  B. 

Fuller.     12mo,    pp.    284.      Houghton,    Mifflin     &    Co. 

$1.50. 

The  Duke  of  Stockbridge :  A  Romance  of  Shays'  Rebel- 
lion. By  Edward  Bellamy.  Illus.,  1 -'mo,  uncut,  pp.  371. 

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372 


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[Nov.  16, 


A   FAIRY-TALE  OF  ANCIENT  GREECE 

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at  least,  with  these  bravely  but  not  at  all  intelligently  struggling  people.  And  Mr.  Davis, 
after  the  flood  of  South  African  books  has  spent  its  fury,  really  shows  us  some  significant 
things  that  no  one  else  had  shown  us,  and  teaches  us  what  no  one  else  had  taught.  .  .  .  There 
is  no  finer  picture  in  recent  literature  than  Mr.  Davis's  of  the  collapse  of  the  Boer  power. 
—  Boston  Transcript. 

THE  FRIENDLY  YEAR 

Selections  in  Prose  and  Verse  for  Every  Day  in  the  Year,  from  the  Works  of  Henry  van  Dyke. 
With  photogravure  portrait.     i2mo,  $1.25. 

VOLUME  of  selections  which  emphasizes  the  extent 

and  variety  of  Dr.  van  Dyke's  intellectual  and  spiritual 
interests,  and  brings  to  the  fore  the  cheery  "  blue-sky  philos- 
ophy "  of  life  which  makes  his  essays,  stories,  and  poems  so 
companionable  and  helpful. 


A 


50,000  Copies  Sold: 

FISHERMAN'S  LUCK 
LITTLE  RIVERS 

Each,  Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 


OVERHEARD  IN  A  GARDEN 

By  OLIVER  HERFORD 

Author  of  "  The  Bashful  Earthquake,"  etc.    With  illustrations  by  the  author. 

i2mo,  $1.25. 

"HE    IS    WORTHY  —  AND    THIS    IS    SAYING    MUCH—  OF    THE    TRADITIONS    OF    EDWARD 

LEAR  AND  LEWIS  CARROLL.     His  NONSENSE  is  IN  SYMPATHY  WITH  THEIR  NONSENSE." 
—  New  York  Tribune. 

A  NOTHER  of  Mr.  Herford's  inimitable  collections,  including  many  verses  and  drawings 
•**•  never  elsewhere  published.  The  whole  exhibits  this  delightful  artist  and  versifier's  fancy 
at  its  best.  The  cover-design  and  illustrations  are  done  with  characteristic  cleverness. 

THE  AMERICAN  SLAVE-TRADE   ".      S 

AN  ACCOUNT  OF  ITS  ORIGIN,  GROWTH,  AND  SUPPRESSION 

By  JOHN  R.  SPEARS 

Illustrated  by  Walter  eAppleton  Clark.    8vo,  $2.50. 

S  interesting  as  a  tale  of  daring  adventure,  and  as  knowledgful  as  a  history.   .  .   .   Once 
begun,  the  book  will  be  read  with  avidity,  and  the  pleasure  of  reading  is  enhanced  by  the 
excellence  of  Walter  Appleton  Clark's  illustrations.  —  Newark  Advertiser. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,   NEW  YORK 


A 


380  THE     DIAL  [Dec.  1, 


Cfrarles 


ORIENTAL   RUGS 

By  JOHN   KlMBERLY  MUMFORD 

With  32  full-page  illustrations  (16  in  colors),  reproduced  from  selected  rugs. 
Large  8vo,  8xn$  inches,  $7.50  net. 

MR.  MUMFORD  treats  of  this  novel  subject  in  an  interesting  and  authoritative  way.    The 
special  topics  discussed  are  HISTORY;  THE  RUG;  WEAVING  PEOPLES;  MATERIALS; 
DYERS  and  DYES  ;  DESIGN  ;  WEAVING  ;  CAUCASIAN  ;  TURKISH  ;  PERSIAN  ;  TURKOMAN  or 
TARTARIAN;  KHILIMS;  INDIANS.     The  reproductions  in  color  of  rich  examples  of  Oriental 
rugs  from  private  and  other  collections  form  an  important  feature  of  the  book. 

OLIVER   CROMWELL 

By  THEODORE  ROOSEVELT 

Wit})  40  illustrations,  portraits,  facsimiles,  and  documents.    Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 

IT  is  a  thoughtful  and  condensed  study  of  Cromwell's  character  and  times  from  an  American 
standpoint.     It  is  clear,  forcible,  original,  and  full  of  the  sterling  good  sense  that  marks  all 
Mr.  Roosevelt's  thinking.  —  Chicago  'Tribune. 

MILITARY  REMINISCENCES  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR 

By  JACOB  DOLSON  COX,  A.M.,  LLD. 

PROBABLY  the  most  notable  authoritative  work  of  those  that  yet  remained  to  be  written 
*•  about  the  Civil  War.  General  Cox  figured  largely  in  the  contest  as  a  participator,  being 
one  of  the  generals  on  whom  Sherman,  his  immediate  chief,  most  relied.  His  book  is  full  of 
new  data  as  well  as  new  views.  (With  portraits  and  maps.  2  vols.,  8vo,  $6.00.) 

NAPOLEON  III.  AT  THE  HEIGHT  OF  HIS  POWER 

By  IMBERT  DE  SAINT-AMAND 
With  portraits.    i2mo,  $7.50. 

DE  SAINT-AMAND'S  numerous  writings  on  modern  French  history  are  now 
generally  accepted  as  authoritative  for  the  period  that  they  cover.  This  book,  like  its 
predecessors,  deals  with  persons  and  events  in  the  bright,  crisp,  and  distinctively  French  manner 
which  makes  the  whole  series  so  much  more  attractive  than  any  English  works  covering  the 
same  ground.  —  Review  of  Reviews. 


M 


THE   REFERENDUM  IN   AMERICA  A  HISTORY  OF  EDUCATION 

By  ELLIS  P.  OBERHOLTZER  By  THOMAS  DAVIDSON 

HIS  discussion  of  the  various  phases  of  the  OTUDENTS  of  the  history  of  education 

subject  in  the  light  of  the  most  recent  ^   will  find  this  volume  of  Professor  David- 

developments,  is  exceedingly  timely  and  in-  son's  one  of  singular  interest  and   value.  — 

structive.  —  Review  of  Reviews.      (8vo,  $2.)  Chicago  Tribune.     (!2mo,  $1.00  net.) 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  PUBLISHERS 


1900.]  THE    DIAL,  381 


Charles  ^crtfrner'g  g>ong* 


THE  AMERICAN  ANIMAL   BOOK 

MOOSWA 

AND  OTHERS  OF  THE   BOUNDARIES 

By  W.  A.  pRASER.     Illustrated  by  Arthur  Heming.    Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 

MR.  FRASER,  in  his  long  nights  in  the  snow-bound  camps  of  the  trappers  in  Far  North- 
western Canada,  has  heard  more  in  the  trappers'  tales  than  they  ever  heard,  has  seen 
more  in  the  woods  about  him  than  the  frontiersmen  ever  saw,  and  now  he  gives  us  share  in 
the  spirit  of  poesy  that  was  borne  in  upon  him  with  the  love  of  nature  that  grew  with  intimate 
knowledge.  —  Louisville  Courier-Journal. 

WILD  ANIMALS  I  HAVE  KNOWN 
By  ERNEST  SETON-THOMPSON 

Wit})  200  illustrations  by  the  author.    Square  8vo,  $2.00. 
"It  should  be  put  with  Kipling  and  Hans  Christian  Andersen  as  a  classic." 

—  The  Athenteum. 

%*  Also  by  ERNEST  SETON-THOMPSON,  "THE  TRAIL  OF  THE  SANDHILL 
STAG,"  which  the  Chicago  Evening  Post  calls  "  A  marvel  of  artistic  creation."  With  numer- 
ous illustrations  by  the  author.  Square  8vo,  $1.50. 

;:;;•:      SHARPS  AND  FLATS  %;:;, 

By  EUGENE  FIELD 

Two  Volumes  of  Selections  of  Prose  and  Verse.     Collated  by  Slason  Thompson. 

Each,  I2mof  $1.25. 
'"TWO  new  volumes  of  sketches  and  verse  originally  published  under  the  heading  "  Sharps 

*  and  Flats  "  in  the  Chicago  Daily  News  and  not  included  in  Mr.  Field's  other  books.     The 
selections  have  been  made  with  care,  and  reveal  more  of  the  exhaustless  gayety  of  Eugene 
Field's  daily  life  than  does  any  other  volume  of  his  collected  works. 

THE  GIRL  AND  THE  GUARDSMAN 

By  ALEXANDER  BLACK 

With  20  full-page  illustrations.     i2mo,  ^7.50. 

A  NOVEL  with  a  strongly  marked  dramatic  quality.  The  plot  deals  with  both  love  and 
f\  war,  the  hero  being  a  National  guardsman  who  sees  service  in  the  Philippines.  The 
tale  is  told  with  vivacity  and  interest. 

A  STUDY  OF  CHRISTIAN   MISSIONS 

By  W.  N.  CLARKE,  D.D., 

Author  of  "  *An  Outline  of  Christian  Theology."     I2mo,  $1.25. 
'"THIS  book  is  intended  to  set  forth  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  missionary  enterprise. 

*  It  touches  upon  motives,  methods,  and  existing  conditions,  and  calls  attention  to  the 
significance  of  the  present  difficulties  growing  out  of  the  situation  in  China,  and  claims  for 
missions  a  place  among  the  activities  of  the  new  age  upon  which  the  world  is  entering. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,   NEW  YORK 


382  THE     DIAL  [Dec.  1, 


l^crtbner's  ^ons*  Holttmg 

A  LITERARY  HISTORY  OF  AMERICA 

By  BARRETT  WENDELL 

Professor  of  English  at  Harvard  University.     8vo,  $3.00. 

THE  author  endeavors  to  define  the  way  in  which  the  native  character  and  thought  of 
America  have  diverged  from  those  of  England.  Touching  briefly  on  the  seventeenth 
century,  with  a  special  chapter  on  Cotton  Mather,  he  discusses  the  eighteenth  century  at  greater 
length,  with  special  chapters  on  Jonathan  Edwards,  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  the  American 
Revolution.  The  nineteenth  century  is  treated  in  more  detail,  with  special  chapters  on 
Brockden  Brown,  Irving,  Cooper,  Bryant,  Poe,  Emerson,  Whittier,  Longfellow,  Lowell, 
Holmes,  and  Walt  Whitman. 

A  MISSIONARY  IN  THE  GREAT  WEST 

With  portrait.  By  CYRUS  TOWNSEND   BRADY  i2tno,  $1.25. 

The  lively  humor  and  good  humor  that  characterize  these  delightful  recollections  make 
them  one  of  the  most  delightful  books  that  have  come  to  our  table  for  a  long  time. 

—  The  Churchman. 

It  is  long  since  we  have  seen  so  many  good  stories  to  the  page  as  are  to  be  found  in  this 
cheery  little  repository  of  clerical  experiences.  —  The  Dial. 

THE  WAYS  OF  MEN  A  GARDEN  OF  SIMPLES 

By  ELIOT  GREGORY  By  MARTHA  BOCKEE  FLINT.     A  collection  of  sketches  and 

"This   volume  continues  essays  in  a  fresh  and  novel  quarter  of  the  great  field  of  nature. 

the  series  of  delightfully  ^ne  legendary  arjd  other  lore  of  plants  and  flowers  furnishes 

cynical    sketches    begun   by  matter  for  a  series  of  entertaining  dissertations.  (7^,^7.50.) 

Mr.. Gregory's   'Worldly  A    CHRISTMAS    SERMON 

Ways  and  Byways.'    All  of          By  ROBERT  Louis  STEVENSON.     "The  most  charming  of 

the  essays  are  witty,  inter-  holiday  books.   ...  In  itself  calculated  to  send  everybody  into 

esting,  and  suggestive."  whose  hands  it  falls  back  to  another  reading  of  Stevenson's 

—  Outlook.     I2mo,  $7.50.  books." — New  York  Evening  Sun.      (i6mo,  50  cents?) 

SONGS  AND  SONG  WRITERS 

By  HENRY  T.  FINCK 

(The  Music  Lover's  Library.)     With  8  portraits.     i2mo,  $1.25  net. 
TTERETOFORE  there  has  been  no  book  to  guide  amateurs  and  professionals  in  the  choice 
1  *    of  the  best  songs.     Mr.  Finck's  new  book  not  only  does  this,  but  gives  a  bird's-eye  view 
of  the  whole  field  of  song  in  the  countries  of  Europe  as  well  as  in  America.     The  volume  is 
especially  rich  in  anecdotes. 

SONGS  OF  TWO  AFTERGLOW 

By  ARTHUR  SHERBURNE  HARDY.    Certain  Later  poems  by  JULIA  C.  R.  DORR,  author 

poems  that   for  several   years  have  attracted  of  "Afternoon  Songs,"  etc.    The  Interior  says  : 

attention   in   their  individual    publication    for  "We    pronounce    Mrs.    Dorr    the    sweetest 

qualities  as  remarkable  as  the  author's  poetic  singer    among    American    women."      (/28M, 

prose.      (i2mo,  $1.00  net?)  $1.25.) 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  PUBLISHERS 


1900.]  THE    DIAL  383 


I 


TOMMY  AND  GRIZEL 

6otb  Thousand.  By  J.  M.  BARRIE  i2mo,  $1.50. 

T  is  one  of  the  few,  the  very  few,  books  of  this  decade  that  have  within  them  a  promise  of 
lasting  life.  .  .  .  We  wonder  if  Mr.  Barrie  has  not  placed  himself  at  the  head  of  his 
craft;  no,  we  scarcely  wonder.  He  may  be  hailed  as  the  greatest  living  master  of  the  delicate 
art  of  fiction.  —  New  York  Mail  and  Express. 

THE  book  is  very  well  written,  in  the  vein  of  quiet,  ironical  humor  that  Mr.  Barrie  has  made 
his  own.  His  sentences  rarely  close  without  an  illuminating  touch  —  rarely,  too,  without 
a  dexterous  stab.  The  man  grows  before  us  with  each  successive  stroke.  There  are  one  or 
two  pieces  in  the  book  of  exquisite  prose.  Read  the  love-scene  on  page  159  and  the  follow- 
ing pages,  and  you  shall  find  the  true  successor  to  the  man  who  wrote  that  song  of  love  in 
"Richard  Feverel"  —  or,  say,  the  man  who  might  have  written  a  pendant  to  that  exquisite 
chapter,  could  he  have  withheld  himself  from  the  delights  of  over-refinement." 

—  Literature  (London). 

.,  J     THE  HOUSE  OF  EGREMONT  /    ,i 

By  MOLLY  ELLIOT  SEAWELL.   illustrated,   nmo,  $1.50. 

"HTHE    House  of  Egremont  "  will  be  read  with  much  pleasure  by  all  who  love  a  well- 
*•    told  and  stirring  tale.   ...    It  is  a  genuinely  good  and  artistic  story,  tripping  lightly  over 
its  historic  paths,  enlivened  by  humor,  and  made  radiant  by  romance,  filled  with  the  two  great 
qualities  of  loyalty  and  love.  —  New  York  Times  Saturday  Review. 


'  CRITTENDEN 

A  Kentucky  Story  of  Love  and  War. 

By  JOHN  Fox,  JR.    i2mo,  $1.25. 

"  f~^  RITTENDEN"  is  a  fine  story,  a  stirring  story;  a  story  that  will  make  every  Southern 
^-^   man  who  reads  it  feel  like  taking  the  hand  of  John  Fox  in  a  grip  that  means  more  than 
words;  a  story  that  will  make  every  Northern  man  who  reads  it  understand  the  South  a  little 
better  than  he  ever  did  before.  —  Louisville  Courier-Journal. 

"      PECCAVI        '  -  a4::v;^i^  '  HT 

By  E.   W.  HORNUNG,    Author  of  "  The  Amateur  Cracksman,"  etc.     i2mo,  $1.50. 

MR.  E.  W.  Hornung  has  written  his  best  book  in  "Peccavi."     It  is  a  story,  first,  last,  and 
all  the  time.   .   .   .   Mr.  Hornung's  versatility  is  remarkable.     To  write  a  book  like  this 
as  a  successor  to  "The  Amateur  Cracksman"  was  a  feat  indeed.     This  novelist  has  gone  up 
many  pegs  within  the  last  year.  —  Evening  Sun  (New  York). 


UNTIL  THE   DAY   BREAK 

By  ROBERT  BURNS  WILSON. 

I2mo,  $1.50. 
The  plot  is  intricate  and   ingenious,  the  character  well  sus- 


tained, and  the  style  poetic.  —  New  York  Times  Saturday  Review. 


40th  Thousand 
UNLEAVENED 

BREAD 
By  ROBERT  GRANT 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,   NEW   YORK 


384  THE     DIAL  [Dec.  1, 


Cijarles  g>crtimer's  gums'  Holttiaj 


L 


"There  is  nothing  better  in  light  literature  than  Mr.  Stockton's  amusing  tales."  —  LIFE. 

AFIELD  AND  AFLOAT 

Illustrated.  By   FRANK  R.  STOCKTON  i2mo,$i.^o. 

IKE  all  that  he  has  written,  they  are  pervaded  with  his  delightful  and  whimsical  humor. 
He  is  the  very  Genius  of  the  Unexpected.  Whether  he  touches  upon  love  or  war,  upon 
adventures  by  land  or  water,  or  upon  the  mystic  realm  of  ghosts,  he  is  alike  charming,  which 
is  but  another  way  of  saying  that  he  is  always  himself. —  New  York  Times  Saturday  Review. 

THE  QUEEN  VERSUS  BILLY  and  Other  Stories 

By  LLOYD  OSBOURNE.    i2mo,  $1.50. 

"  '"T'HE  Queen  versus  Billy,"   by  Lloyd   Osbourne,  is  a  collection  of  nine  stories,  each 

*    of  which  is  not  much  more  than  a  sketch,  but  so  clearly  and  artistically  outlined,  with  such 

sharply  delineated  characterizations,  that  one  finds  them  charming. —  St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat. 

OLD   FIRES  AND  PROFITABLE  GHOSTS 

By  A.  T.  QUILLER-COUCH  ("Q"),  Author  of f(  The  Ship  of  Stars/' etc.  i2mo,$i.^o. 
DETWEEN  the  first  tale  and  the  last,  we  have  the  "  Q  "  we  used  to  know,  the  inventor 
J— '  of  splendid  situations  and  of  living  characters,  the  skillful  painter  of  the  atmosphere  of 
time  and  place  and  circumstances,  the  sound  realist  of  vivid  imagination  —  one  of  the  best  of 
living  short  story  writers.  .  .  .  Such  tales  as  "The  Lady  of  the  Ship"  and  "Frozen  Margit" 
are  the  best  of  their  kind,  the  best  that  Mr.  Quiller-Couch  can  give  us. 

—  New  York  Mail  and  Express. 

DOMESTIC   DRAMAS 

By   PAUL  BOURGET.      i2tno,  $1.50. 

BUT  a  mere  recounting  of  the  outline  of  these  stories  does  little  to  impart  the  literary 
charm,  the  analytical  skill,  and  the  human  interest  of  which  M.  Bourget  has  so  long  been 
an  acknowledged  master.     The   style  and  atmosphere   have  been  ably   preserved   by   Mr. 
Marchant,  whose  careful  and  literary  translation  is  more  satisfactory  to  nine  out  often  Eng- 
lish readers. —  New  York  Commercial  Advertiser, 

THE  MONK  AND  THE   THE  GIRL  AND  THE  GOVERNOR 

DANCER  By  CHARLES  WARREN 

By  ARTHUR  COSSLETT  SMITH  i2mo,  $7.50. 

I2mo,  ^7.50.  The  book  is  a  good  one  because  it  gives  the  fruits  of 

All  that  short  stories  should  be  keen  observation  of  political  life,  but  it  is  good  also  be- 

—  pithy,  original,   scintillating. —  cause  Mr.  Warren  has  the  narrator's  gift,  knows  how  to 

Chicago  Tribune.  give  dramatic  interest  to  his  work. —  New  York  Tribune. 

SHORT   RAILS  STORY-TELL  LIB 

By  CY  WARMAN  By  ANNIE  TRUMBULL  SLOSSON 

A  collection  of  the  author's  railway  stories  Seven  quaint,  touching  parables.    It  is  a  very 

which  will  delight  Mr.  Warman's  many  admtr-  pathetic  little  book,  but  full  of  sweet    hope 

ers.    There  is  no  author  to-day  who  can  rival  and   strong   encouragement. —  Boston    Beacon. 

Mr.  Warman  in  his  chosen  field.   i2mo,^J.2^.  (i6mo,  50  cents.) 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  PUBLISHERS 


1900.]  THE    DIAL  385 


Cfrarles 


'^fa'&fcA   MAGNIFICENT  ART  WORK^i^    ^.^ 

SIR  JOSHUA  REYNOLDS 

»  -         y         By  Sir  WALTER  ARMSTRONG      /;    y  : 

t/lutbor  of  "  The  Life  of  Gainsborough" 

With  70  photogravures  and  6  lithographs  in  colors  in  one  volume. 

Folio,  $25.00  net. 

IN  this  magnificent  work  Sir  Walter  Armstrong  has  produced  a  biography  of  the  first  President 
of  the  Royal  Academy  in  which  Sir  Joshua's  life  is  sketched  in  sufficient,  though  by  no 
means  exhaustive,  detail,  more  attention  being  paid  to  the  characteristics  of  the  man  himself 
than  to  the  more  or  less  accidental  events  in  which  he  was  concerned.  To  this  the  author  has 
added  a  careful  critical  estimate  of  Sir  Joshua's  art  and  of  his  influence  both  on  the  English 
school  and  on  modern  painting  in  general. 

In  selecting  the  pictures  for  reproduction,  care  has  been  taken  to  choose  those  which  most 
fully  illustrate  Reynolds's  development,  and  to  prefer,  where  possible,  less  known  and  less 
readily  accessible  examples  to  those  in  public  galleries.  The  unstinted  praise  given  to  the 
author's  "Life  of  Gainsborough"  —  both  as  far  as  scholarship  is  concerned  and  also  on  account 
of  its  exquisite  manufacture  —  cannot  be  denied  in  an  equal  measure  to  his  "Life  of  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,"  which  is  equally  liberally  illustrated  and  sumptuously  printed. 


A    SUPERB  ART  BIOGRAPHY 

PRINCE  CHARLES  EDWARD   -r 

By  ANDREW  LANG 

Profusely  illustrated  with  photogravures  from  original  sources.   (Limited  to  1500 
copies,  250  only  of  which  are  for  America.)    Royal  4to,  $20.00  net. 

IT  is,  we  believe,  as  the  biographer  of  Prince  Charles  Edward  rather  than  as  the  historian  of 
Scotland  that  Mr.  Lang  will  live  in  English  literature.  It  must  have  been  a  delight  to  him 
to  write  this  fascinating  book,  whose  " get-up"  is  as  superb  as  that  of  its  five  predecessors  on 
Mary  Stuart,  Queen  Elizabeth,  Queen  Victoria,  Charles  I.,  and  Oliver  Cromwell.  But  the 
great  delight  of  the  book  is  the  text.  Every  page  shows  the  author's  deep  knowledge  and  keen 
intelligence  ;  on  almost  every  one  of  them  there  is  something  novel  in  the  way  of  fact,  explan- 
ation, or  illustration. —  The  Athenceum. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  Publishers,  New  York 


386 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


THOMAS  Y.  CROWELL 


Mrs.  Browning's  Complete  Poetical  Works 

"Coxhoe"  Edition.  Edited  by  CHARLOTTE  PORTER 
and  HELEN  A.  CLARKE.  Introductions,  notes,  line 
numbers,  and  photogravure  frontispieces.  Sold  only 
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Nature  Studies  from  Ruskin. 

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HISTORY  OF 

MODERN  ITALIAN  ART. 

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Press  Comments  on  Mr.  VVillard's  Book. 
u.  .  .  contains  far  more  information  about  Italian  artists 
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41  The  author  fills  up  for  the  first  time,  and  in  an  admir- 
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STONEWALL  JACKSON 

AND  THE   AMERICAN  CIVIL  WAR. 

By  Lt.-Col.  G.  F.  R.  HENDERSON.     With  2  portraits 
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SOPHIA. 

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EAST  AND  WEST. 

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MR.  LANG'S  FAIRY  BOOK  FOR  1900. 

THE  GREY  FAIRY  BOOK. 

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was  thought  to  have  some  foundation,  and  has  likewise  transferred  much  that  has  been  deemed 
conjectural  to  the  realm  of  undoubted  historic  reality.  The  work  possesses  the  qualities  which 
will  render  it  inestimable  to  historical  students  and  scholars,  and  the  interest  as  a  narrative  which 
appeals  to  the  general  reader. 

ONCE  MORE  IN  PRINT 

The  Life  of  Benjamin  Franklin 

Written  by  Himself.     Now  first  edited  from  Original  Manuscript  and  from  his  Printed 

Correspondence  and  Other  Writings. 

By  Hon.  JOHN   BIGELOW 

Fourth  Edition,  Revised  and  Corrected  with  Additional  Notes.     Three  Volumes.    Crown  octavo, 

cloth,  $4.50;  half  calf,  $9.00;  three-quarters  calf,  gilt  top,  uncut  edges,  $9.75. 
Mr.  Bigelow's  work  is  on  a  novel  plan.     Taking  up  Franklin's  life  in  1775,  when  the  autobiography  closes, 
Mr.  Bigelow  carries  the  narrative  on  by  quoting  from  Franklin's  letters  and  writings  :    "  And  as  few  other  eminent 
men  have  written  as  complete  a  record  of  bis  own  life,  the  main  trouble  of  the  writer  has  been  the  fullness  of 
material." 

The  new  (fourth)  edition  is  required  by  the  fact  that  every  new  year  seems  to  have  something  fresh  to  tell  us 
of  the  subject  of  this  memoir.  Like  his  eminent  contemporary  and  admirer,  Voltaire,  Franklin's  fountain  of 
pieces  in'edites  seems  inexhaustible.  Scarcely  a  month  passes  that  does  not  make  its  contribution  to  the  fruitage  of 
his  indefatigable  pen.  It  is  is  now  twenty-six  years  since  the  first  edition  of  this  memoir  was  given  to  the  world. 
Time  and  the  public  taste  have  vindicated  the  artistic  principle  upon  which  it  was  constructed  of  letting  Franklin 
tell  his  story,  and  his  whole  story,  in  his  own  way.  Franklin  was  not  only  his  own  but  practically  his  only 
biographer;  his  own  account  of  himself  is  the  one  in  which  the  world  must  always  feel  most  interest;  and 
whatever  other  biographies  have  been  or  may  be  written,  there  must  always  be  a  demand  for  the  Life  of  Franklin 
as  written  by  himself  so  long  as  the  English  language  continues  to  be  a  living  tongue.  At  the  publisher's  behest, 
therefore,  the  author  has  undertaken  to  enrich  a  new  edition  of  this  memoir  with  whatever  fresh  material  of  bio- 
graphical interest  the  last  decade  has  disclosed,  in  the  hope  of  leaving  it  as  perfect  and  complete  an  expression  of 
Franklin's  own  estimate  of  himself,  of  his  principles,  and  of  his  motives  of  action  as  it  is  now  possible  to  supply. 


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dignity  of  the  life  and  its  service  to  the  nation.  '  The  Eagle's  Heart '  is  a  splendid  achievement, 
lifted  above  the  rank  and  file  of  creditable  work  by  the  larger  outlook,  the  deeper  insight 
that  differentiates  the  art  of  fiction  from  the  mere  gift  of  writing  novels." 

" '  The  Eagle's  Heart '  is  Mr.  Garland's  best  work  considered  as  a  story  of  sustained  interest,  strong  charac- 
ters and  exciting  incidents." —  Cleveland  Plain  Dealer. 

"  I lainlin  Garland  may  be  seen  at  his  best  in  '  The  Eagle's  Heart.'  .  .  .  He  has  graphically  depicted  the 
wild  life  on  the  Western  plains  ;  he  has  added  a  symmetrical  and  intensely  interesting  character  study  of  the 
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artistic  skill." —  Chicago  Tribune. 

AN  EPIC  OF  THK   WEST. 

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memory,  and  yet  almost  without  the  knowledge  of  the  present  generation.  It  is  a  broad  canvas  that  Mr.  Hough 
has  chosen  for  his  pictures,  and  he  draws  them  in  with  bold,  unfaltering  strokes  that  stand  out  in  clear  relief." 
—  New  York  Commercial  A  dvertiser. 

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BROWN  OF  LOST  RIVER 


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with  a  breezy  open-air  flavor." — New  York 
Commercial  Advertiser. 


THE  JAY- HAWKERS 


A  Romance  of  Free  Soil  and  Border  Ruf- 
A  Ranch  Story  _,       ~  T>     A  T-«   r\ 

fiau  Days.     By  ADELA  E.  ORPEN. 

By  MART  E.  ST.CKNEY  A  pR,VATE  CHIVALRY 


A  Story  of  Denver.  By  FRANCIS  LYNDE, 
author  of  "A  Romance  in  Transit,"  "  The 
Helpers,"  etc. 


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STORY  OF  THE  WEST  SERIES 
Yi>txi  The  Story  of  the  Soldier.  </iU 

By  Gen.  G.  A.  FORSYTE,  U.S.A.  (Ketired).  Illustrated  by  R  F.  ZOGBAUM.  A 
new  volume  in  the  Story  of  the  West  Series.  12mo.  Cloth,  $1.50. 
The  purpose  of  this  book,  written  by  a  gallant  officer  who  has  been  a  part  of  what  he 
writes,  is  to  picture  the  American  soldier  in  the  life  of  exploration,  reconnoissances,  establishing 
posts,  guarding  wagon-trains,  repressing  outbreaks,  and  battling  with  hostile  Indians,  which 
has  been  so  large  a  part  of  the  army's  active  work  for  a  hundred  years.  To  this  work  General 
Forsyth  furnishes  perspective  and  background  by  tracing  the  origin  of  the  regular  soldier,  the 
popular  feeling  regarding  him,  and  his  relation  to  politics  and  the  militia,  his  training  and  the 
manner  in  which  he  has  borne  the  brunt  of  war  at  the  outset  of  real  war  from  the  inception  of 
the  Government.  General  Forsyth's  "  Story  of  the  Soldier "  presents  a  fresh  and  thrilling 
chapter  of  American  history. 

OTHER  BOOKS  IN  THE  STORY  OF  THE  WEST  SERIES. 

Edited  by  RIPLEY  HITCHCOCK. 
Each  illustrated,  IZmo,  cloth.    Price,  $1.50. 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  RAILROAD.  By  CT  WARMAN,  author  of  "The  Express  Messenger,"  etc. 
"  Far  more  interesting  than  the  average  novel.  .  .  .  Makes  us  feel  and  hear  the  rush  of  modern  civilization. 
It  gives  us  also  the  human  side  of  the  picture — the  struggles  of  the  frontiersman  and  his  family,  the  dismay  and 
cruel  wrath  of  the  retreating  savage,  the  heroism  of  the  advance  guard  of  the  railway  builders,  and  the  cutthroat 
struggles  of  competing  lines.  He  does  not  deal  greatly  with  statistics,  but  the  figures  he  uses  help  make  up  the 
stunning  effect  of  gigantic  enterprise.  There  is  not  a  dull  page  in  the  book."  —  New  York  Evening  Post. 

THE   STORY   OF  THE   COWBOY.      By   E.   HOUGH.      Illustrated  by  WILLIAM   L.   WELLS  and 
C.  M.  RUSSELL. 
"  Nothing  fresher  or  finer  has  been  written  in  many  a  day.  ...  An  admirable  work." — Chicago  Evening  Post. 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  MINE.     Illustrated  by  the  Great  Comstock  Lode  of  Nevada.     By  CHARLES 

HOWARD  SHINN. 

"The  author  has  written  a  book  not  alone  full  of  information,  but  replete  with  the  true  romance  of  the 
American  mine."  —  New  York  Times. 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  INDIAN.     By  GEORGE  BIRD  GRINNELL,  author  of  "  Pawnee  Hero  Stories," 

"  Blackfoot  Lodge  Tales,"  etc. 

"  In  every  way  worthy  of  an  author  who  as  an  authority  upon  the  Western  Indians  is  second  to  none.  A 
book  full  of  color,  abounding  in  observation,  and  remarkable  in  sustained  interest,  it  is  at  the  same  time  charac- 
terized by  a  grace  of  style  which  is  rarely  to  be  looked  for  in  such  a  work,  and  which  adds  not  a  little  to  the 
charm  of  it."  —  London  Daily  Chronicle. 

SOME   STANDARD   NEW  FICTION. 
CUPID'S  GARDEN.  THE   FOOTSTEPS  OF  A  THRONE. 


A  Volume  of  Fiction.  By  ELLEN  THORNEYCROFT 
FOWLER,  author  of  "  The  Farringdons,"  etc.  With 
new  portrait  of  the  author.  12mo,  cloth,  SI. 50. 

THE  BRASS  BOTTLE. 

A  Romance.  By  F.  ANSTEY,  author  of  "  Vice  Versa"," 
etc.  With  frontispiece.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 


A  Romance.  By  MAX  PEMBERTON,  uniform  with 
"Kronstadt"  and  "The  Phantom  Army."  Illus- 
trated. 12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

MY   INDIAN  QUEEN. 

A  Romance.  By  GUY  BOOTHBY.  No.  293,  Appletons' 
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paper,  50  cts. 


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THE  BOOK  OF  THE  YEAR." 


By  his  son,  LEONARD  HUXLEY.     In  two  volumes.     Illustrated.     8vo,  cloth,  85.00  net. 

The  New  York  Herald:  "Huxley's  biography  is  a  book  that  must  endure,  not  only  because  of  the  interest 
of  the  subject,  but  because  of  the  manner  in  which  the  work  has  been  done.  .  .  .  The  volumes  which  Mr.  Leonard 
Huxley  presents  to  the  world  form  the  most  important  addition  made  to  biographical  literature  in  this  decade. 
His  filial  piety  is  as  firm  as  that  of  another  son  of  a  great  father,  Hallam  Tennyson.  But  he  has  not  the  same 
scruples  of  reserve.  .  .  .  Huxley's  son  has  allowed  us  to  see  the  red  blood  surging  through  his  father's  veins. 
He  has  suffered  that  noble  figure  to  reveal  itself  in  its  entirety.  We  know  him  as  he  was." 

"DAVID    HA  RUM"   ILLUSTRATED. 

DAVID   HARUM 

A  Story  of  American  Life.  By  EDWARD  NOYES  WESCOTT.  Illustrated  edition,  entirely  reset.  With  some 
seventy  full-page  and  text  pictures  by  B.  West  Clinedinst,  and  other  text  designs  by  C.  D.  Farrand  and  a  Biog- 
raphy of  the  author  by  Forbes  Heermans.  12moj  gilt  top,  uncut,  $2.00. 

EDITION  DE  LUXE  printed  in  tints,  with  copperplate  photogravures,  large  paper,  uncut,  8vo,  $10.00,  net. 

Mr.  Clinedinst's  study  of  the  character  and  his  rendering  of  types  show  a  comprehension  of  Mr.  Westcott's  creations  and 
a  quick  sense  of  humor  which  would  have  delighted  the  lamented  author. 

THE  TRANSIT  OF  CIVILIZATION 

From  England  to  America  in  the  Seventeenth  Century.  By  EDWARD  EGGLESTON.  Uniform  with  "  The  Beginners 
of  a  Nation."  Small  8vo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

In  thia  unique  volume  the  eminent  historian  pictures  the  literary,  scientific,  and  other  influences  which  were  brought  to 
this  country  from  Europe  in  the  early  years  of  our  history.  He  shows  the  religious  ideas  which  the  immigrants  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  brought  with  them  and  the  modification  of  these  ideas.  Mother  English,  folk  speech,  folklore,  and  literature 
are  presented  with  an  nnequaled  richness  of  knowledge.  The  moral  code  and  weights  and  measures  of  conduct  are  explained. 
The  medical  practice  of  that  century  in  England  and  in  its  American  developments  has  never  been  described  as  it  is  in  this 
book.  It  is  well  within  bounds  to  say  that  no  such  book  on  culture  in  the  seventeenth  century  has  ever  appeared  in  England 
or  America. 

PROFESSOR  McMASTER'S  LATEST  VOLUME  REMINISCENCES    OF    A    VERY 


HISTORY  OF  THE   PEOPLE  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES 

By  Prof.  JOHN  BACH  MCMASTER.  Vol.  V.  (1821- 
1830).     8vo,  cloth,  with  Maps,  $2.50. 

THE   INDIVIDUAL 

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OLD  MAN 

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cloth,  $1.50. 


THE  SEVEN  SEAS 

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BIRD    LIFE      (Edition  in  Colors) 

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CLEARING   HOUSES 


Their  History,  Methods,  and  Administration 

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THE  ART  OF  WRITING  ENGLISH 


"KIPLING'S  BEST  VERSE"  A  Manual  for  Students,  with  chapters  on  para- 

phrasing, essay-writing,  pre'cis-writing,  punctuation  and 


other  matters.  By  J.  M.  D.  MEIKLEJOHN,  M.A., 
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cation in  the  Univ.  of  St.  Andrews.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

THE  BOERS  IN  WAR 

The  True  Story  of  the  Burghers  in  the  Field 


tebrate  Zoology  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  By  HOWARD  C.  HILLEGAS,  author  of  "  Oom  Paul's 

History.     With    75    lithographic    plates   reproducing    j    People."     Elaborately  illustrated  with  Photographs  by 


Ernest  Seton-Thompson's  pictures  of  birds  in  natural 
colors.     8vo,  cloth,  $5.00. 


the  author  and  others.       Uniform   with   "  Oom  Paul's 
People."     12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 


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1900.] 


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403 


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FOR  THE  HONOR  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

A  Story  of  School  Life  and  Interscholastic  Sport. 
By  RALPH  HENRY  BARBOUR,  author  of  "The  Half- 
Back."  lllus.  by  C.  M.  Relyea.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 
The  success  of  Mr.  Barbour's  vivid  football  story, 
"The  Half-Back,"  showed  not  only  interest  in  the 
theme  but  also  the  author's  power  in  writing  a  story  of 
boys'  sport  and  life  with  the  freshness,  vigor,  and  sym- 
pathy befitting  the  subject.  The  story  sketches  the 
long-drawn  struggle  of  a  cross-country  run,  and  the 
training  and  the  exciting  competitions  in  track  athlet- 
ics, with  glimpses  of  football  and  other  sports.  The 
hero  is  an  athlete  but  also  a  scholar,  and  the  larger 
phases  of  school  life  are  placed  before  the  reader  in 
their  true  values.  The  fun  and  varied  incidents  of 
school  life  are  also  vividly  pictured,  and  the  variety  of 
the  book  is  another  evidence  of  Mr.  Barbour's  skill  in 
story  telling.  Also  by  Mr.  Barbour, 

THE  HALF=BACK. 

A  Story  of  School,  Football,  and  Golf.     By  RALPH 
HENRY  BARBOUR.     12mo,  illustrated,  cloth,  $1.50. 
"A  good,  manly  book  for  boys  on  a  good,  manly  Anglo- 
Saxon  game."  —  N.  Y.  Mail  and  Express. 

"It  is  a  stirring,  healthy  boys'  book."  —  Philadelphia 
Call. 

Mr.  Butterworth's  New  Book. 

IN  THE  DAYS  OF  JEFFERSON; 

Or,  The  Six  Golden  Horse  Shoes.     A  Tale  of  Repub- 
lican  Simplicity.      By   HEZEKIAH    BUTTERWORTH, 
author  of  "In  the  Boyhood  of  Lincoln,"  "The  Story 
of   Magellan,"  "The    Treasure    Ship,"  etc.     Illus- 
trated by  Frank  T.  Merrill.     12 mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 
The  earlier  years  of  Jefferson's  life  in  Virginia  fur- 
uished  a  series  of  romantic  episodes  of   which    Mr. 
Butterworth   has   made   most   picturesque  use.     The 
story  which  he  tells  is  founded  upon  facts,  although 
the    unexpected    figure    of  Selim,  and  the  Order  of 
the    Golden    Horse    Shoes,  might  well  be  taken  for 
romance.     Mr.  Butterworth  follows  Jefferson  to  the 
White  House,  sketching  his  career  with  a  peculir  sym- 
pathy and  apt  appreciation  of  the  salient  lessons  of  his 
life.     The  story  is  a  fascinating  one,  and  its  value  as  a 
chapter  of  American  history  is  enhanced  by  the  ap- 
proach of  the  centennial  anniversary  of  the  Louisiana 
Purchase. 

Other  Books  by  Mr.  Butterworth. 
Uniform  Edition.    Each,  illustrated,  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 
The  Story  of  Magellan. 
The  Treasure  Ship. 

The  Pilot  of  the  Mayflower. 

The  Patriot  Schoolmaster. 
True  to  His  Home. 

The  Knight  of  Liberty. 
The  Wampum  Belt. 

In  the  Boyhood  of  Lincoln. 
The  Boys  of  Greenway  Court. 
The  Log  School-House  on  the  Columbia. 


REUBEN  JAMES, 

A  Hero  of  the  Forecastle. 

By  CYRUS  TOWNSEND  BRADY,  author  of  "  Paul  Jones," 

"The  Grip  of  Honor,"  etc.     A  new  volume  in  the 

Young  Heroes  of  Our  Navy  Series.     Illustrated  by 

George  Gibbs  and  others.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.00. 

In  this  thrilling  sea  tale  Mr.  Brady  tells  a  wonderful 

story  of  a  hero  "  who  was  only  a  common  sailor,  just  a 

type  of  the  plain  American  blue-jacket  of  the  beginning 

of  our  Navy."     The  story  will  be  welcomed  not  only 

because  Reuben  James's  life,  with  its  long  sea  services 

and  its  share  in  wars  against  the  French  and  English, 

forms  a  romance  in  itself,  but  also  because  Americans 

believe  in  doing  justice  to  "the  men  behind  the  guns." 

Other  Books  in  the  Young  Heroes  of  Our  Navy 

Series. 
Each,  illustrated,  12mo,  cloth,  $1.00. 

By  ROSSITER  JOHNSON. 
The  Hero  of  Manila. 

By  JAMES  BARNES. 
The  Hero  of  Erie. 

Commodore  Bainbridge. 
Midshipman  Farragut. 

By  MOLLY  ELLIOT  SEAWELL. 
Decatur  and  Somers. 
Paul  Jones. 

Little  Jarvis. 

Midshipman  Paulding. 

BOOKS  BY  WILLIAM  0,  STODDARD. 

Uniform  Edition.     Illustrated,  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 
The  Windfall. 

Chris,  the  Model-Maker. 
On  the  Old  Frontier. 

With  the  Black  Prince. 
The  Red  Patriot. 

Success  against  Odds. 
Little  Smoke. 

Crowded  Out  o'  Crowfield. 
The  Battle  of  New  York. 

THE  BOOK  OF  KNIGHT  AND  BARBARA. 

By  DAVID  STARR  JORDAN.     Illustrated,  12mo,  cloth, 

$1.50. 

"  Some  of  these  crude  drawings  are  remarkably  interesting 
for  the  light  they  throw  upon  the  young  mind  and  its  work- 
ings."—^. Y.  Mail  and  Express. 

"A  book  for  children  —  and,  indeed,  for  adults  —  far 
above  the  usual  value  and  interest."  —  Chicago  Journal. 

"A  very  novel,  attractive  work."  —  Philadelphia  Times. 


UNCLE  REMUS. 

His  Songs  and  Sayings.    By  JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS. 
112  illustrations  by  A.  B.  Frost.    12mo,  cloth,  $2.00. 


D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK 


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A  FEW  TITLES  FROM  OUR  NEW  BOOKS 

IT    IS    IMPOSSIBLE    IN    THIS    SPACE    TO    MAKE    ANY    ADEQUATE    MENTION 
CONCERNING    THEM,    BUT     WE     HAVE     ISSUED    VERY     ATTRACTIVE     SPE- 
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[Dec.  1, 


THE  SIEGE  IN  PEKING 
China  Against  the  World 

By  an  Eye  Witness,  W.  A.  P.  MARTIN,  D.D.,  author  of 
"  A  Cycle  of  Cathay."  Illustrated.  81.00. 
To  the  distinguished  President  of  the  Chinese  Imperial  University, 
Dr.  Martin,  belongs  the  credit  of  being  the  first  to  issue  a  permanent 
record  of  the  perils  in  Peking  last  summer.  Dr.  Martin  was  within  the 
walls  of  the  British  Legation  during  those  fateful  days,  and,  confident 
of  the  success  of  the  allied  forces,  kept  a  careful  record  of  events.  In 
addition,  he  devotes  separate  chapters  to  "The  Emperor,"  "The  Em- 
press Dowager,"  "The  Boxers,"  " The  Rescue  and  Retribution," and 
"  The  Reconstruction  of  China."  Besides  the  graphic  character  of  the 
book,  all  observations,  impressions,  and  judgments  of  the  author  should 
have  considerable  weight.  Dr.  Martin  has  devoted  nearly  fifty  of  his 
three-score  and  ten  years  to  China. 

CHINA'S  ONLY  HOPE 

An  Appeal  for  Progress  by  her  Greatest  Viceroy,  Chang  Chih- 
tung,  Viceroy  of  Liang  Hu.     Indorsed  by  Emperor  Kwang 
Su      Translated  by  S.  I.  WOODBRIDGE.    Introduction  by 
GRIFFITH  JOHN.     Illustrated.     12mo,  cloth,  75  cents. 
A  book  that  has  made  more  history  in  a  shorter  time  than  any  other 
modern  piece  of  literature.      More  than  a  million  copies  of  this  book 
have  been  circulated  in  China.     It  is  aggressive  and  startling.     The 
young  Emperor  issued  a  royal  command  that  it  be  read,  studied  and 
obeyed.     The  effect  was  immediate.      Every  influence  against  reform 
was  set  in  motion.     The  corrupt  officials  united  to  counteract  its  teach- 
ing.    The  Dowager  Empress  was  enlisted,  and  the  Boxer  outbreak  fol- 
lowed.   The  book  gives  a  wonderful  inside  view  of  Chinese  thought  and 
purpose. 

THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY 
NEW  TESTAMENT 

(In  Modern  English.) 

Part     I.    The  Gospels  and  the  Acts  (8th  Edition). 
Part    II.    Paul's  Letters  to  the  Churches  (just  ready). 
Part  III.    Remaining  Letters  and  the  Book  of  Revelation 

(in  preparation).    Each  part  in  flexible  cloth,  16mo,  net, 

50  cents. 

"Judicious,  suggestive,  helpful,  scholarly,  admirable,  are  some  of  the 
adjectives  that  keep  running  through  one's  head  as  he  peruses  this 
really  striking  and  able  translation."— The  Christian  Intelligencer. 

A  VALLEY   MUSE 

By  CHARLES  G.  BLANDEN.    12mo,  cloth,  $1.00. 

Mr.  Blanden  is  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  West  for  his  excel- 
lent verse.  He  was  first  introduced  to  the  verse  lover  through  Eugene 
Field's  column  in  the  Chicago  Record,  and  during  the  lifetime  of 
Mr.  Field  began  regular  contributions  to  this  great  daily,  which  has 
"discovered"  many  of  our  best  Western  writers  in  prose  and  verse. 
In  a  review  of  an  earlier  book  Mr.  Field  said  of  Mr.  Blanden's  work: 
"  A  noble  dignity  characterizes  this  poet's  verses,  which  are  bright  and 
refreshing  with  that  indefinable  subtlety  called  '  touch.'  " 

ONESIMUS,   CHRIST'S    FREEDMAN 
A  Tale  of  the  Pauline  Epistles 

By  CHARLES  E.  CORWIN.  Illustrated.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 
"  Onesimus,  the  slave  whom  St.  Paul  sent  back  to  his  master,used  to 
be  much  heard  of  fifty  years  ago  iu  the  mouths  of  apologists  for  the 
Fugitive  Slave  Law.  Its  possibilities  as  material  for  a  much  more  com- 
mendable kind  of  fiction  one  never  imagined  till  Mr.  Corwin  revealed 
them.  It  is  a  work  of  decided  merit,  not  only  in  the  plot  and  its  work- 
ing out,  but  also  in  the  skill  with  which  the  author  has  availed  him- 
self of  the  meager  Biblical  material." — The  Outlook. 

THE  SPIRIT  OF  GOD 

By  G.  CAMPBELL  MORGAN.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.25.  Contents: 
Introductory  ;  The  Spirit  in  Creation ;  The  Spirit  Prior  to 
Pentecost ;  The  Teaching  of  Christ  Concerning  the  Spirit ; 
The  Pentecostal  Age  ;  The  Spirit  in  the  Individual ;  The 
Practical  Application. 

"  We  believe  that  such  men  have  a  mission  for  all  branches  of  the 
Christian  church.  To  others  it  may  be  given  to  lead  the  church  out 
into  the  field  of  social  problems;  to  still  others  the  duty  falls  of  helping 
to  elucidate  the  biblical  and  theological  problems  of  our  age;  but  surely 
no  speakers  and  no  writers  can  put  Christians  generally  under  greater 
obligations  than  those  who  bring  a  message  to  that  which  is  deepest 
and  best  in  our  personal  life  with  Christ." —  The  Congregationalist. 


VERBECK  OF  JAPAN 
A  Citizen  of  No  Country 

By  WILLIAM  ELLIOT  GRIFFIS.  A  Life  Story  of  Foundation 
Work  Inaugurated  by  Guido  Fridolin  Verbeck.  Illus- 
trated. 12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

Guido  F.  Verbeck  was  one  of  the  greatest  of  the  makers  of  the  new 
Japan.  He  taught  in  his  early  years  scores  of  men  who  became  the 
first  in  the  government  after  the  Emperor,  and  consequently  all  his  life 
had  almost  unbounded  influence  with  Japan's  statesmen  iu  securing 
toleration  of  Christianity,  in  stopping  persecutions,  in  getting  wise  and 
humane  laws  enacted,  in  first  proposing  embassies  abroad  and  in  found- 
ing and  carrying  on  the  Imperial  University  in  its  early  stages,  and  in 
introducing  a  national  system  of  education.  In  the  early  days,  before 
the  Japanese  could  obtain  expert  advice,  he  was  the  government's  fac- 
totum. During  all  of  these  years  he  was  an  active  missionary  in  his  own 
home,  and  became  evangelist  and  preacher  and  Bible  translator.  The 
emperor  of  Japan  paid  his  funeral  expenses,  ordered  his  highest  officers 
to  attend  the  funeral,  sent  his  soldiers  to  escort  the  body  to  the  grave, 
and  Japanese  money  from  hundreds  of  admiring  pupils  aud  friends  built 
the  memorial  over  his  grave.  The  book  gives  a  true  picture  of  his  life 
as  the  nursing  father  of  the  nation. 

THE  CHINAMAN  AS  WE  SEE  HIM 
Fifty  Years  of  Work  for  Him. 

By  IRA  M.  CONDIT,  D.D.    Fully  illustrated,  12mo,  cloth, 

$1.25. 

A  series  of  pen  pictures  of  the  Chinamen  taken  at  short  range  by 
one  who  knows  much  of  his  true  inwardness.  Every  touch  reveals  the 
sympathy  of  the  author  with  his  subject  and  his  evident  aim  to  present 
it  fairly.  The  volume  abounds  in  interesting  side-lights  —  seventy- 
eight  illustrations  lending  to  it  additional  interest.  The  book  deals 
entirely  with  the  Chinese  in  America,  the  author's  opportunities  for 
observation  being  exceptional,  inasmuch  as  he  has  worked  among  the 
inhabitants  of  the  populous  "  Chinatown  "  of  San  Francisco  for  the 
past  forty  years  and  more. 

LIFE  OF  MRS.  BOOTH 

The  Founder  of  the  Salvation  Army.     By  W.  T.  STEAD,  of 

the  Keview  of  Reviews.    12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

"  That  a  writer  of  such  genius  and  extensive  study  as  Mr.  Stead 

should  feel  drawn  to  prepare  this  sketch  of  one  so  truly  beloved  and 

highly  esteemed  by  every  Salvationist,  cannot  fail  to  be  a  matter  of 

personal  gratification,  as  it  is  also  an  indication  of  the  lofty  purposes 

and  great  value  of  what  we  cannot  but  venture  to  regard  as  an  inspired 

life."— FREDERICK  DB  L.  BOOTH-TUCKER. 

FORBIDDEN  PATHS  IN  THE  LAND  OF  OG 

A  Record  of  the  Travels  of  Three  Wise  and  Otherwise  Men 
to  the  east  of  the  Jordan  River.      By  the  Otherwise  Man. 
With  Maps  and  Illustrations.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 
A  horseback  journey  through  Bible  lands  is  interestingly  described, 
the  territory  covered  is  full  of  deep  interest  to  Bible  readers  and  his- 
tory lovers  alike.  Not  only  are  scores  of  prominent  scenes  in  Bible  his- 
tory illustrated  and  explained,  but  there  are  many  dashes  of  brilliant 
color  thrown  into  the  picture  from  the  Greek  and  Roman  occupation 
of  the  places  visited,  and  also  from  the  later  campaigns  of   the  Cru- 
saders.    The  pleasing  style  and  the  clearness  of  statement  are  simply 
delightful,  and  the  interest  steadily  increases  to  the  very  end. 

WRONGS   OF    INDIAN   WOMANHOOD 

By  MRS.  MARCUS  B.  FULLER.    Illustrated.    12mo,  cloth, 

$1.25. 

"  If  anything  can  awaken  the  just  indignation  of  the  world  this  book 
must  do  it."—  The  Christian  Intelligencer. 

ARABIA 

The  Cradle  of  Islam 

Studies  in  the  Geography,  People,  and  Politics  of  the  Pen- 
insula ;  with  an  account  of  Islam  and  Missionary  Work. 
By  S.  M.  ZWEMER,  F.R.G.S.  With  maps  and  numerous 
illustrations  from  Drawings  and  Photographs.  8vo,  cloth, 
$2.00. 

"This  volume(such  is  the  dearth  of  information  on  the  subject)comes 
at  once  into  the  vacant  place  of  an  up-to-date  authority  for  English- 
speaking  people  upon  "the  neglected  peninsula."  The  comprehen- 
sive scope  of  the  volume  covers  a  still  wider  range  of  interest,  both 
scientific  and  commercial,  historical  and  literary,  sociological  and  re- 
ligious, in  which  the  author,  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Geographical  So- 
ciety, has  availed  himself  of  the  most  recent  authorities  in  supplement- 
ing his  personal  observation."— The  Outlook. 


CHICAGO:  63  Washington  Street.  NEW  YORK:   158  Fifth  Avenue. 

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1900.]  THE    DIAL  407 

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a  strong  character  study  of  Richard  the  Lion- Hearted. 

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By  B.  K.  Benson.  WHO  GOES  THERE?   THE  STORY  OF  A  SPY  IN  THE  CiVIL  WAR. 

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MR.  MABIE'S  New  Popular  Life  of 

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A  KENTUCKY  CARDINAL  and  its  sequel,  AFTERMATH.  Those  who  recall  the  charming  editions 
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MISS  BATES' S  new  book  of  travel  in  the  Spanish  provinces. 

SPANISH  HIGHWAYS  AND  BYWAYS.  By  KATHARINE  LEE  BATES,  Wellesley  College.  A  book 
which  preserves  the  quaint  atmosphere  of  the  country  fiestas  and  out-of-the-way  experiences  of  the  lesser  known  Spanish 
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[Dec.  1,  1900. 


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SISTERS  THREE. 

A  Story  for  Girls.    By  JESSE  MANSEKGH.    With  8  illus- 
trations.   Illuminated  cloth,  size  7%x5%,  $1.25. 
Jesse  Mansergh  is  in  England  what  Miss  Alcott  was  in  America. 
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"  Jesse  Mansergh's  books  are  very  widely  read  in  England,  and 
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Miss  Alcott's  little  women  worthy  companions  in  the  girls  of  this 
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A  GIRL  WITHOUT  AMBITION. 

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is  interesting  from  cover  to  cover,  and  the  girl  without  ambition, 
Kathleen  Quested,  is  one  of  the  most  lovable  and  entertaining 
characters  ever  created.     Miss  Robson  possesses  the  art  of  making 
her  people  live  and  her  scenes  vivid. 

"Isabel  Suart  Robson's  story  of  'The  Girl  Without  Ambition,' 
even  for  a  moment  admitting  that  there  was  one— is  one  that  will 
hold  the  interest  to  the  end.  The  thread  of  the  story  is  inge- 
niously interwoven  with  bright  conversations,  and  well  embellished 
by  Percy  Tarrant's  pictures."—  The  Boston  Globe. 

THE  "MENAGERIES"  SERIES. 

Micky  Magee's  Menageries. 
The  Jungle  School. 
Animal  Land  for  Little  People. 
Peter  Piper's  Peepshow. 

Four  delightful  volumes  for  children.  The  text  in  each  volume 
by  8.  H.  Hamer  consists  largely  of  the  grotesque  doings  of  various 
animals  in  adventures  always  amusing,  sometimes  ridiculous,  and 
the  fun  is  happily  sustained  in  the  colored  plates  and  other  draw- 
ings of  that  inimitable  artist,  Harry  B.  Neilson. 

The  large  sales  of  these  volumes  attest  their  popularity  with 
the  children. 

Bound  in  picture  boards,  75  cents  per  volume. 


CRITICAL  STUDIES. 

Demy  8vo,  decorated  cover,  green  and  gold, 


By  OUIDA. 
$2.00. 

Those  who  knew  Ouida's  work,  "The  Waters  of  Edera,"  will  be 
prepared  for  some  strong  opinions  in  these  essays.  Marion  Craw- 
ford and  D'Annunzio,  for  instance,  form  good  material  for  Ouida's 
pen,  and  the  article  on  Mr.  Joseph  Chamberlain  should  rouse 
strong  interest  not  only  in  England,  but  America.  The  whole 
series  forms  one  of  the  most  remarkable  works  that  has  ever  been 
put  on  the  literary  market. 

AMONG    THE    BERBERS   OF   ALGERIA. 

By  ANTHONY  WILKIN,  author  of  "  On  the  Nile  with  a 
Camera."  With  53  pictures,  14  Collotype  Plates,  and 
a  Map.  Size  6x9,  cloth,  $4.00. 

This  work  records  and  illustrates  the  wanderings  of  two  Anthro- 
pologists among  the  two  great  Berber  tribes  of  modern  Algeria  — 
the  Chawia  and  the  Kabyles.  The  purely  scientific  results  are  not 
obtruded  upon  the  notice  of  the  reader,  though  many  of  the  com- 
mon occupations  of  the  Berber's  life,  their  arts  and  crafts,  are  de- 
scribed. Thus,  though  the  purely  scientific  reader  will  find  plenty 
to  interest  him,  he  who  is  not  so  purely  scientific  will  find  little  to 
tire  or  disgust. 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  HEAVENS. 

New  Edition  Thoroughly  Revised  to  Date. 
By  Sir  ROBERT  STAWELL  BALL,  LL.  D.,  D.  Sc.,  Lown- 
dean  Professor  of  Astronomy  and  Geometry  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge.  With  24  Colored  Plates  and 
numerous  Illustrations.  Nearly  600  pages,  size  6x9%, 
cloth,  $3.50. 

"This  book  is  illustrated  with  twenty-four  colored  plates  and 
numerous  illustrations.  The  author  is  a  well-known  astronomer, 
and  he  has  produced  a  very  readable  book,  which  is  not  always  the 
case  with  books  on  astronomical  science.  It  is  one  of  the  best 
books  which  we  could  recommend  for  use  in  a  library,  and  it  will 
prove  valuable  to  the  beginner  and  the  full-fledged  astronomer  as 
well.  It  has  been  vouchsafed  to  but  few  men  to  clothe  scientific 
facts  in  such  excellent  English  and  in  such  a  comprehensive  man- 
ner as  has  Sir  Robert."  —  Scientific  American. 

REMINISCENCES  OF  OXFORD. 

By  the  Rev.  W.  TUCKWELL,  M.  A.     With  16  full-page 
Illustrations.     Large  crown  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  $2.00. 
This  book  gives  a  most  interesting  insight  into  Oxford  "Var- 
sity "  life  as  it  was  from  the  early  "  ' Thirties  "  to  the  "  '  Fifties." 
The  author,  during  his  career  at  the  University,  came  in  contact 
with  some  of  the  leading  men  of  that  time,  and  the  work  teems 
with  personal  anecdotes  of  such  men  as  Max  Miiller,  Dr.  Pusey, 
Dr.  Jowett,  Lewis  Carroll,  Cardinal  Newman,  Dr.  Arnold,  etc. 

CASSELL'S   CYCLOPAEDIA   OF 
MECHANICS. 

An  Important  New  Work  Indispensable  to  Every 

Mechanic  for  Workshop  Use. 

Edited  by  PAUL  N.  HASLUCK,  Editor  of  "  Work  "  and 
"  Building  World."  With  upwards  of  1,200  Illustra- 
tions, and  an  Index  of  8,500  items.  384  pages,  size 
7^x10,  cloth,  $2.50. 

This  work  contains,  in  a  form  convenient  for  ready  reference 
and  every-day  use,  a  selection  of  Receipts,  Processes,  and  Memor- 
anda which  form  a  rich  store  of  choice  information  contributed  by 
a  staff  of  skillful  and  talented  technicians,  all  carefully  digested, 
fully  illustrated,  and  made  plain  to  the  inexperienced. 

IN    THE    ICE  WORLD   OF    HIMALAYA. 

By  FANNIE  BULLOCK  WORKMAN,  F.R.S.G.S.,M.R.A.S  , 
member  of  the  National  Geographic  Society,  Washing- 
ton, and  WILLIAM  HUNTER  WORKMAN,  M.A..  M.D., 
F.  R.  G.  S.,  members  of  the  French  Alpine  Club, 
authors  of  "  Algerian  Memories  "  and  "  Sketches 
Awheel  in  Fin  de  Siecle  Iberia."  With  3  large  Maps, 
and  nearly  100  Illustrations.  Size  6x9,  cloth,  gilt, 
$4.00. 

An  account  of  two  seasons  passed  in  the  province  of  Ladakh, 
Nubra,  Suru,  and  Baltistan  —  amid  the  high  valleys  and  snowy 
peaks  of  the  western  and  eastern  Karakoram.  While  containing 
many  observations  of  scientific  interest,  the  book  is  written  in  a 
racy,  readable  style.  It  is  also  notable  as  being  an  account  of  the 
first  long  and  important  mountaineering  expedition  made  by  a 
woman  to  high  Asia. 

A  COURSE  OF  LANDSCAPE   PAINTING 
IN  WATER  COLORS. 

By  J.  MAcWniRTER,  R.  A.  23  colored  plates.  $2.50. 
Mr.  MacWhirter,  R.  A.,  is  one  of  the  most  eminent  living  painters 
of  landscapes.  The  book  he  has  prepared  is  an  exposition  of  his 
methods  of  study  and  work,  illustrated  by  most  beautiful  examples 
of  his  paintings  in  water-color. 


These  books  are  for  sale  by  all  booksellers,  or  will  be  sent  by  mail,  on  receipt  of  price,  by  the  Publishers, 

CASSELL  &   COMPANY,  Ltd.,  7  &   9  W.   18th   St.,  New  York 

LONDON  PARIS  MELBOURNE 


-THE  DIAL 

S>etm*Hfl0ntf)l2  Journal  of  ILtterarg  Criticism,  Discussion,  antJ  Information. 


No.  347. 


DEC.  1,  1900.         Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


THE  GENTLE  READER 413 

RECORDS   OF    COLONIAL    TIMES    AND    MAN- 
NERS.   E.  G.  J.  .  415 


HONORE  DE   BALZAC.    Louis  J.  Block 


.  417 


THE   PEACE   CONFERENCE   AT  THE   HAGUE. 

Franklin  H.  Head 420 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  ROMAN  ART.    Edward 

E.  Hale,  Jr 421 

THE  PHILIPPINE  QUESTION  PER  SE.     Wallace 

Bice 422 

HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS  — 1 424 

Lang's  Prince  Charles  Edward.  —  Malan's  More 
Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain.  —  Mrs.  Jackson's 
Ramona,  illus.  by  Henry  Sandham.  —  Whiteing's 
Paris  of  To-Day.  —  Gibson's  Americans.  —  Dickens's 
Works,  "Temple"  edition.  —  Douglas's  Fra  An- 
gelico.  —  Miss  Gary's  The  Rossettis.  —  Mrs.  Wiggin's 
Penelope's  English  Experiences  and  Penelope's  Prog- 
ress, illus.  by  C.  E.  Brock. — Mrs.  Ward's  Eleanor, 
illustrated  edition.  —  FitzGerald's  Stories  of  Famous 
Songs.  —  Shakespeare's  As  You  Like  It,  illus.  by 
Will  H.  Low.  — Mrs.  Earle's  Stage-Coach  and  Tavern 
Days. — WestcoU's  David  Harum,  illustrated  edi- 
tion. —  Irving's  Knickerbocker  History  of  New 
York,  illus.  by  Maxfield  Parrish.  —  Robins's  Twelve 
Great  Actors  and  Twelve  Great  Actresses.  —  Dith- 
mar's  John  Drew.  —  Scott's  Ellen  Terry.  —  James's 
A  Little  Tour  in  France,  illus.  by  Joseph  Pennell.  — 
Ford's  Wanted,  a  Matchmaker. — Dickens's  Christ- 
mas Carol  and  The  Cricket  on  the  Hearth,  illns.  by 
F.  S.  Coburn. — The  Lover's  Library.  —  Rowlands's 
Among  the  Great  Masters  in  Music  and  Literature. 

—  Johnson's  Along  French  Byways. — Fields's  Yes- 
terdays with  Authors. — Tennyson's  In  Memoriam, 
"  Bankside  Press  "  edition.  —  Marion  Harland's  Lit- 
erary Hearthstones,  second  series.  —  Markham's  The 
Man  with  the  Hoe,  -illus.  by  Howard  Pyle.  —  Park- 
man's  Oregon  Trail,  illus.  by  Frederic  Remington. 

—  Carter's  The  Wedding  Day  in  Literature  and  Art. 

—  Morris's  Pre-Raphaelite  Ballads,   decorated    by 
H.   M.   O'Kane.  —  Wolfe's    Literary1  Rambles    at 
Home  and   Abroad.  —  Blackmore's  Lorna  Doone, 
illus.  by  Clifton  Johnson.  —  Mrs.  Clement's  Heroines 
of    the    Bible    in    Art.  —  New    volumes    in    the 
Thumb -Nail   series.  —  Eickmeyer's   Down   South. 

—  The    Book     of    Omar     and     Rubaiyat.  —  Op- 
dyke's  The  World's  Best  Proverbs.  —  Page's  The 
Old  Gentleman  in    the  Black  Stock.  — Miss  Wil- 
liams's  Through  the  Year  with  Birds  and  Poets.  — 
Miss  La  Fontaine's  The  Four  Evangelists  in  Classic 
Art.  —  Knackf ass's  Albrecht  Dtirer.  —  Carus's  Eros 
and  Psyche.  —  Reade's  The  Cloister  and  the  Hearth, 
illus.  by  W.  M.- Johnson.  —  Ivanhoe  and  John  Hali- 
fax,  Gentleman,   in  the  "  Illustrated   Romances " 
series. — Johnson's  Rasselas,  "Gem  Classic"  edi- 
tion.—  Mrs.   Goodwin's  The  Head  of  a  Hundred, 
illustrated   edition.  —  Elizabeth    and    her   German 
Garden,    and    The    Solitary   Summer,    illustrated 
editions.  —  Miss  Weeden's  Songs  of  the  Old  South.  — 
Mrs.  Goulston'a    Loving    Imprints.  —  Miss    Harts- 
horne's  In  the   Sweetness    of    Childhood.  —  Black 
Rock  and  The  Sky  Pilot,  illustrated  editions.  —  Miss 
Porter's  Scottish  Chiefs,  illus.  by  T.  H.  Robinson. 


CONTENTS— Continued. 


BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG -1 432 

Stories  of  European  History.  —  American  History 
before  the  Revolution.  —  Tales  of  the  Revolution.  — 
From  the  Revolution  to  the  Civil  War.  —  From  the 
Civil  War  to  the  Philippines.  —  The  War  in  South 
Africa.  —  Stories  of  the  Indian.  —  Travel  and  explo- 
ration. —  Practical  and  imaginative.  —  Various  sorts 
of  heroes.  —  About  girls  and  for  them.  —  Fairy  tales 
and  fables.  —  Impossible  realities.  —  Books  about 
animals.  —  Old  authors  made  new.  —  New  editions 
of  old  favorites.  —  Books  for  the  whole  family.  — 
For  younger  readers.  —  Picture  books  in  plenty.  — 
For  youngest  readers.  — Mainly  musical. 

NOTES 439 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 440 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  440 


THE  GENTLE  READER. 

Among  the  many  agreeable  features  of  the 
holiday  season,  now  so  swiftly  approaching, 
there  is  none  more  pleasant  than  the  making 
of  gifts.  The  truly  human  being,  who  feels 
himself  no  isolated  unit  in  the  total  of  con- 
scious existence,  but  rather  a  creature  linked 
to  his  fellows  by  the  countless  ties  of  sympa- 
thetic association,  takes  a  greater  delight  in 
preparing  holiday  surprises  for  those  who  are 
dear  to  him  than  he  does  in  the  anticipation 
of  the  satisfactions  that  may  reasonably  be 
expected  to  accrue  to  his  own  existence.  It  is 
pleasant  to  dwell  in  thought  upon  the  coming 
days  of  relaxation,  with  their  good  cheer  for 
mind  and  body  alike,  but  it  is  even  more  pleas- 
ant to  make  little  plans  for  the  happiness  of 
others,  and  to  select  for  them  those  small 
mementoes  which  mean  so  much  for  the  tastes 
and  the  affections,  however  slight  may  be  the 
estimate  set  upon  them  in  the  market-place. 
Among  these  remembrances,  the  tokens  by 
which  we  express  ourselves  far  more  effectively 
than  by  means  of  any  words,  there  are  none 
more  important  than  books,  for  there  are  none 
that  are  possessed  of  so  much  of  the  spiritual 
or  symbolic  value  that  we  should  always  seek 
to  embody  in  our  gifts.  However  limited 
may  be  our  resources,  they  are  sufficient  to 
compass  the  procuring  of  the  richest  treasures 
of  the  spirit  as  it  is  revealed  in  literary  art. 
Nor  is  there  need  to  be  ashamed  of  the  setting 
provided  for  these  jewels,  for  the  arts  that  be- 
long to  bookmaking,  as  distinguished  from 
the  art  of  the  writer  of  books,  have  grown  in- 
creasingly worthy  of  their  task,  and  so  cun- 


414 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


ningly  fit  the  page  to  the  margin,  so  tastefully 
fit  the  cover  to  the  pages,  so  harmoniously  fit 
the  decoration  to  the  covers,  that  all  the 
aesthetic  sensibilities  are  gratified  at  once,  and 
we  marvel  that  it  should  be  possible  to  offer 
so  much  of  the  product  of  refined  taste  at  so 
absurdly  small  a  price. 

The  majority  of  books,  of  course,  do  not 
meet  these  conditions,  being  strictly  commer- 
cial products  for  the  consumption  of  Philis- 
tines ;  but  the  wonder  remains  that  so  many 
books  should  meet  them  so  successfully  ;  for  to 
the  book-lover  of  nice  discrimination,  after 
putting  aside  the  countless  impossible  objects 
in  the  guise  of  books  that  are  everywhere 
thrust  upon  his  attention,  there  still  remains 
the  embarrassment  of  choice  among  the  really 
desirable  editions  that  offer  him  so  much  more 
than  mere  muslin  and  paper  and  print.  Would 
he  purchase  a  Shakespeare  or  a  Dickens,  a 
Walton  or  a  Boswell,  or  even  so  modern  a 
classic  as  a  "  Marius  "  or  an  "  Omar,"  he  is 
fairly  bewildered  by  the  charms  of  at  least 
three  or  four  editions,  each  of  which  seems  at 
the  moment  of  examination  more  wholly  desir- 
able than  any  other.  And  when  the  choice  is 
reluctantly  made,  his  memory  lingers  regret- 
fully over  the  claims  of  the  rejected  rivals  for 
his  favor,  leaving  him  not  quite  sure  that  he 
has  chosen  wisely  after  all. 

In  making  these  remarks,  we  have  had  in 
mind,  as  chiefly  deserving  of  consideration,  the 
type  of  book-lover  whom  it  was  once  the  cus- 
tom to  designate  as  "  the  gentle  reader."  The 
type  is  an  old-fashioned  one,  but  it  happily 
remains  persistent,  although  seemingly  crowded 
aside  by  the  enormous  recent  expansion  of  the 
reading  public  as  a  whole.  The  gentle  reader 
is  essentially  a  reader  of  good  old  books  rather 
than  of  ephemeral  new  ones.  He  is  apt  to  look 
with  suspicion  upon  the  celebrities  that  are 
exploited  by  publishers  and  newspapers  day 
after  day,  and  to  give  thanks  that  he  has 
learned  to  eschew  the  counsel  of  these  "  blind 
mouths,"  that  he  has  long  since  found  his  way 
to  the  perennial  sources  of  literary  enjoyment. 
He  is  still  with  us,  for  his  tastes  are  still  con- 
sulted by  our  purveyors  of  books,  and  the  very 
publishers  who  strive  eagerly  with  one  another 
for  the  acquisition  of  the  latest  novels  by  the 
latest  notorieties  take  also  good  heed  to  provide 
their  lists  with  reprints  of  the  old  established 
favorites.  The  many  libraries  of  standard  lit- 
erature which  are  so  characteristic  a  feature  of 
publishing  at  the  present  time  surely  answer  to 
a  genuine  demand,  and  that  demand  as  surely 


testifies  to  the  fact  that  the  gentle  reader  is  in- 
sisting that  his  interests  shall  not  be  neglected. 

We  had  just  got  fairly  started  upon  this 
train  of  reflection  when  we  came  across  an 
analysis  of  the  tastes  and  the  temper  of  the 
gentle  reader  so  genial  and  so  sympathetic 
that  we  were  tempted  to  make  a  forced  loan 
for  the  relief  of  our  own  poverty  of  expres- 
sion. This  temptation  overcome,  we  must  at 
least  make  a  reference  to  the  article  by  the 
Eev.  Mr.  Crothers  in  the  November  "Atlan- 
tic," which  reveals  to  the  gentle  reader  his 
own  true  self,  and  explains  the  workings  of 
his  mind  so  delightfully  that  even  the  reader 
of  another  sort  may  come  to  understand  some- 
thing of  it,  and  experience  yearnings  to  be 
himself  numbered  among  the  gentle.  But  if 
we  may  not  borrow  from  Mr.  Crothers,  we 
will  at  least  borrow  from  the  Rev.  Henry 
Van  Dyke,  who  has  recently  paid  his  compli- 
ments to  the  gentle  reader.  After  dismissing 
the  "  simple  reader "  and  the  "  intelligent 
reader  "  as  obviously  hopeless,  this  writer  sets 
forth  the  characteristics  of  the  gentle  reader  so 
charmingly  and  with  such  insight  that  we  at 
once  feel  sure  that  he  knows  whereof  he  speaks. 

"  The  gentle  reader,"  he  says,  "  is  the  person  who 
wants  to  grow,  and  who  turns  to  books  as  a  means  of 
purifying  his  tastes,  deepening  his  feelings,  broadening 
his  sympathies,  and  enhancing  his  joy  in  life.  Litera- 
ture he  loves  because  it  is  the  most  humane  of  the  arts. 
Its  forms  and  processes  interest  him  as  expressions  of 
the  human  striving  towards  clearness  of  thought,  pur- 
ity of  emotion,  and  harmony  of  action  with  the  ideal." 

But  better  than  any  characterization  of  the 
gentle  reader  —  better  even  than  Dr.  Van 
Dyke's  analysis,  is  the  concrete  example  offered 
by  many  a  man  of  letters  who  has  taken  the 
public  into  his  intimacy,  and  helped  us  to  feel 
and  to  share  his  delight  in  good  literature. 
Emerson  and  Lowell,  Lamb  and  FitzGerald, 
were  gentle  readers  of  the  most  typical  sort, 
and  their  success  in  the  vocation  was  complete. 
When  Mr.  James  Lane  Allen  interrupts  the 
course  of  a  novel  to  bring  in  whole  pages  of 
Malory,  we  instantly  know  him  for  a  gentle 
reader.  Others,  again,  seem  to  have  the  desire 
to  be  gentle  readers,  but  the  true  vocation  is 
lacking.  Mr.  Ruskin  was  too  intolerant  of 
opinions  not  his  own  to  become  one,  and  Mr. 
Frederic  Harrison,  try  as  hard  as  he  may  to 
get  in,  is  kept  outside  the  sanctuary  by  what 
may  be  called  the  strenuosity  of  his  positivism. 
He  makes  a  valiant  plea  for  all  good  books, 
but  we  feel  while  he  is  making  it  that  they 
have  appealed  to  his  intelligence,  and  in- 
directly, by  virtue  of  their  significance  for  the 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


415 


history  of  culture,  and  not  directly  by  virtue 
of  their  quality  of  deep  human  sympathy. 

On  the  other  hand,  we  know  FitzGerald  as 
a  genuine  member  of  the  guild  from  almost 
any  random  page  of  his  familiar  correspon- 
dence. By  way  of  bonnes  bouches,  and  as  the 
best  possible  illustration  of  our  text,  let  us 
close  by  extracting  a  passage  or  two  from  the 
letters  in  which  his  quality  as  a  bookman  is 
most  clearly  exhibited. 

"  I  am  now  a  good  deal  about  in  a  new  Boat  I  have 
built,  and  thought  (as  Johnson  took  Cocker's  Arithmetic 
with  him  on  travel,  because  he  should  n't  exhaust  it) 
so  I  would  take  Dante  and  Homer  with  me,  instead  of 
Mudie's  Books,  which  I  read  through  directly.  I  took 
Dante  by  way  of  slow  Digestion :  not  having  looked  at 
him  for  some  years:  but  I  am  glad  to  find  I  relish 
him  as  much  as  ever:  he  atones  with  the  Sea;  as  you 
know  does  the  Odyssey  —  these  are  the  Men  ! " 

"  I  wonder  whether  old  Seneca  was  indeed  such  a 
humbug  as  people  now  say  he  was:  he  is  really  a  fine 
writer.  About  three  hundred  years  ago,  or  less,  our 
divines  and  writers  called  him  the  divine  Seneca;  and 
old  Bacon  is  full  of  him.  One  sees  in  him  the  upshot 
of  all  the  Greek  philosophy,  how  it  stood  in  Nero's 
time,  when  the  Gods  had  worn  out  a  good  deal.  I 
do  n't  think  old  Seneca  believed  he  should  live  again. 
Death  is  his  great  resource.  Think  of  the  rococosity  of 
a  gentleman  studying  Seneca  in  the  middle  of  February 
1844  in  a  remarkably  damp  cottage." 

"  I  cannot  get  on  with  Books  about  the  Daily  Life 
which  I  find  rather  insufferable  in  practice  about  me. 
I  never  could  read  Miss  Austen,  nor  (later)  the  famous 
George  Eliot.  Give  me  People,  Places,  and  Things, 
which  I  don't  and  can't  see;  Antiquaries,  Jeanie  Deans, 
Dalgettys,  &c.  As  to  Thackeray's,  they  are  terrible; 
I  really  look  at  them  on  the  shelf,  and  am  half  afraid 
to  touch  them.  He,  you  know,  could  go  deeper  into 
the  Springs  of  Common  Action  than  these  Ladies: 
wonderful  he  is,  but  not  Delightful,  which  one  thirsts 
for  as  one  gets  old  and  dry." 

"  Of  course  the  Man  must  be  a  Man  of  Genius  to 
take  his  Ease:  but,  if  he  be,  let  him  take  it.  I  suppose 
that  such  as  Dante,  and  Milton,  and  my  Daddy,  took  it 
far  from  easy:  well,  they  dwell  apart  in  the  Empyrean; 
but  for  Human  Delight,  Shakespeare,  Cervantes, 
Boccaccio,  and  Scott." 

It  is  worth  while  to  be  able  to  read  books  in 
the  spirit  of  the  writer  of  these  passages,  worth 
while  even  at  the  expense  of  a  few  crotchets 
and  a  certain  amount  of  irrationality.  And  it 
is  also  worth  while  to  learn  the  lesson  of 
FitzGerald's  absolute  sincerity  in  stating  his 
likes  and  dislikes.  If  our  personal  judgments 
are  in  line  with  the  established  verdict  of 
criticism,  well  and  good  ;  but  if  they  are  not, 
there  is  no  virtue  in  pretending  to  the  contrary. 
The  gentle  reader,  at  least,  whatever  his  faults, 
knows  the  things  he  likes,  and  they  are  pretty 
apt  to  be  the  things  that  the  world  has  agreed 
with  him  in  liking. 


§o0ks. 


RECORDS  or  COLONIAL  TIMES  AND 
MANNERS.* 


Books  on  Colonial  times  continue  to  appear, 
and  of  such  good  ones  as  Miss  Helen  Evertson 
Smith's  "  Colonial  Days  and  Ways,"  now  be- 
fore us,  there  can  hardly  be  too  many.  Readers 
of  Marion  Harland's  popular  "  Colonial  Home- 
steads "  may  remember  her  account  of  the  rich 
accumulation  of  family  papers,  "  hampers, 
corded  boxes,  and  trunks  full  of  them,"  stored 
away  for  generations  in  the  spacious  garret  of 
a  certain  old  mansion,  the  Smith  homestead, 
at  Sharon,  Connecticut.  These  papers,  includ- 
ing many  thousands  of  letters,  with  diaries, 
legal  writings,  account-books,  and  so  on,  form 
a  ramifying  chronicle  covering  the  years  ex- 
tending from  the  landings  of  the  earlier  immi- 
grants in  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  down 
to  the  middle  of  the  present  century.  In  ex- 
ploiting these  documents,  some  of  which  turn 
out  to  be  of  rather  exceptional  historical  or 
pictorial  value,  Miss  Smith  has  lent  her  pen, 
not  merely  to  the  naturally  congenial  task  of 
compiling  the  annals  of  the  Sharon  branch  of 
the  extensive  house  of  Smith,  but  also  to  the 
more  weighty  and  useful  one  of  constructing, 
on  the  ex  pede  Herculem  principle,  from  the 
memorials  of  a  representative  family  a  general 
picture  of  the  domestic  ways  and  economy  of 
the  class  of  Colonial  society  to  which  the  family 
belonged.  Nor  has  Miss  Smith  been  content, 
like  some  of  her  predecessors,  with  merely 
skimming  the  cream  of  her  material,  and  mak- 
ing a  book  of  extracts. 

Coming  of  composite  English-Dutch-Hugue- 
not stock,  the  author's  ancestral  papers  reflect 
by  turns  something  of  the  ways  of  each  of 
these  three  components  of  our  early  popula- 
tion, and  not  of  the  Puritan  element  alone. 
The  narrative  proper  begins  with  Chapter 
III.,  mainly  an  account  of  a  pioneer  pastor  of 
Wethersfield,  Connecticut,  and  containing,  as 
the  piece  de  resistance  in  the  way  of  quota- 
tions, a  letter  written  in  1698,  descriptive  of 
early  days  in  Wethersfield.  The  father  of  the 
writer  was  a  non-conforming  clergyman  who 
left  England  in  1636  to  escape  "  ye  infamous 
Laud  and  ye  Black  Tom  Tyrante"  (Went- 

*COLONIAL  DATS  AND  WATS.  As  Gathered  from  Family 
Papers,  by  Helen  Evertson  Smith,  of  Sharon,  Connecticut. 
With  Decorations  by  T,  Guernsey  Moore.  New  York  :  The 
Century  Co. 


416 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


worth).  Trying  times  awaited  the  good  man 
in  his  new  pastorate.  His  son  writes : 

"  Concerning  of  ye  earlie  days,  I  can  remember  but 
little  save  Hardship.  My  Parents  had  broughte  bothe 
Men  Servants  and  Maid  Servants  from  England,  but 
ye  Maids  tarried  not  but  till  they  got  married,  ye  wch 
was  shortly,  for  there  was  great  scarcity  of  Women  in 
ye  Colonies.  .  .  .  Ye  firste  Meetinge  House  was  solid 
mayde  to  withstands  ye  wicked  ousaults  of  ye  Red 
Skins.  Its  Foundations  was  laide  in  ye  feare  of  ye  Lord, 
but  its  Walls  was  truly  laide  in  ye  feare  of  ye  Indians, 
for  many  &  grate  was  ye  Terrors  of  em.  I  do  mind 
me  y't  alle  ye  able-bodyed  Men  did  work  thereat,  &  ye 
olde  and  feeble  did  watch  in  turns  to  espie  if  any  Salv- 
ages was  in  hidinge  neare  &  every  Man  keept  his  Musket 
nighe  to  his  hande.  .  .  .  My  Father  ever  declardt 
there  would  not  be  so  much  to  feare  if  ye  Red  Skins 
was  treated  with  such  mixture  of  Justice  and  Authority 
as  they  eld  understand,  but  iff  he  was  living  now  he 
must  see  that  wee  can  do  naught  but  fight  em  &  that 
right  heavily.  After  ye  Red  Skins  ye  grate  Terror  of  our 
lives  at  Weathersfield  &  for  many  yeares  after  we  had 
moved  to  Hadley  to  live,  was  ye  Wolves.  Catamounts 
was  bad  eno'  &  so  was  ye  Beares,  but  it  was  ye  Wolves 
yt  was  ye  worst." 

The  writer  artlessly  concludes  that  the  "  younge 
hatred  rising  in  my  Bloode  "  in  later  years  of 
Red  Skins,  catamounts,  wolves,  and  so  on,  "  is 
not  a  Sin  because  God  mayde  em  to  be  hated." 

In  Chapter  IV.  the  author  turns  to  the  rec- 
ord of  the  voyage  of  the  "  Abigail,"  a  slow- 
sailing  craft  which  followed  in  the  wake  of  the 
44  Mayflower,"  bringing  several  passengers  of 
distinction,  among  them  the  second  John 
Winthrop.  With  Winthrop  came  his  wife's 
elder  sister,  Mrs.  Margaret  Lake;  and  it  is 
mainly  to  the  fortunes  of  Mrs.  Lake  and  her 
immediate  descendants,  the  Gallups  of  New 
London  County,  that  this  chapter,  headed  "  A 
Pioneer  Home  in  Connecticut,"  is  devoted. 

In  Chapters  V.  and  VI.  the  author  turns  to 
the  records  of  the  comparatively  easy  and 
prosperous  life  of  the  honest  Dutch  burghers 
of  New  Amsterdam  in  1698.  Two  notable 
old  houses  of  New  Amsterdam  are  minutely 
described,  on  the  authority  of  a  witness  who 
had  been  familiar  with  them  in  his  youth ;  and 
Chapter  VI.  tells  in  detail  and  most  entertain- 
ingly of  the  "  Cares  of  the  Huysvrow  "  —  a 
notable  person,  be  it  said,  who  carried  on  under 
her  own  roof-tree  a  sort  of  complex  plant  or 
manufactory  for  the  making  of  nearly  every- 
thing needed  by  the  family  and  its  retinue  of 
retainers  and  colaborers.  Says  Miss  Smith  : 
"  When  reading,  as  one  occasionally  does  in  our  day, 
of  some  '  wonderful  woman '  who  superintends  a  fac- 
tory, or  carries  on  some  other  line  of  equally  active 
business,  we  should  remember  that  very  likely  her 
grandmother  once  had  as  much  responsibility,  and 
filled  it  as  well,  without  having  to  go  beyond  the  bounds 
of  her  own  house  to  do  so." 


Chapters  VII.,  VIII.,  and  IX.,  describing 
the  Huguenot  settlers  in  New  Rochelle,  are 
among  the  best  in  the  book.  The  writer  is 
plainly  touched  by  the  tale  of  the  plaintive 
fortunes  of  these  exiles,  who  bore  a  hard  fate 
with  a  gayety  and  a  fertility  of  resource 
peculiarly  their  own.  A  letter  of  1704  gives 
a  touching  picture  of  a  band  of  these  pious 
refugees  on  their  way  to  church  in  New  York, 
twenty  miles  away  —  for  it  was  twenty  years 
after  the  coming  of  the  first  Huguenot  set- 
tlers to  New  Rochelle,  before  the  colony  could 
spare  the  money  for  a  church  and  pastor  of 
its  own. 

"  Every  week  I  see  the  Huguenots  pass  the  house  in 
troops  on  their  way  to  church  in  the  city.  As  they  pass 
here  all  have  lunch  bags  or  baskets  and  also  their  shoes 
on  their  arms.  Yet  they  are  not  bare-footed,  for  they 
are  all  provided  with  wooden  shoes,  such  as  the  peas- 
ants wear  in  France  and  in  the  Low  Countries.  When 
they  reach  a  stream  not  far  from  the  church  where 
they  have  erected  a  shed,  they  all  stop  and  such  of 
them  as  have  other  shoes  change  them  before  going  on  ; 
the  others  wash  their  feet  and  their  wooden  shoes  and 
put  them  on  again.  They  are  all  very  plainly  dressed, 
but  some  of  them  are  very  elegant  looking  persons 
with  most  charming  manners.  As  they  pass  they  are 
singing  some  of  their  psalms,  that  is,  the  psalms  of 
David,  translated  into  the  French.  Some  of  the  airs 
are  very  grand  and  spirit-stirring,  but  many  of  them 
are  as  sad  as  dirges,  and  why  should  they  not  be  ?  For 
surely  this  people  have  suffered  much.  Still  they  are 
nearly  always  smiling  and  happy.  But  to  think  of 
walking  forty  miles  in  going  to  and  from  church  every 
Lord's  Day  1  I  am  afraid  my  Christianity  would  never 
be  equal  to  that." 

An  outcast  from  his  native  land,  and  not, 
like  most  of  his  neighbors,  a  voluntary  colonist, 
the  Huguenot  willingly  cut  the  ties  that  bound 
him  to  the  Old  World,  transferring  gratefully 
to  the  land  of  his  adoption  the  inborn  and 
long-tried  loyalty  of  his  nature,  and  ceasing 
to  speak  his  own  language  as  speedily  as  pos- 
sible. French  names,  Christian  names  and 
surnames,  became  in  many  cases  fearfully  and 
wonderfully  changed.  The  musical  De  la 
Vergne,  for  instance,  was  presently  written  as 
one  word,  and  pronounced  Dillyuarje;  while 
the  elegant  and  chivalrous  Bonne  Passe,  after 
passing  through  the  uncouth  forms  of  Bunpas 
and  Bumpus,  was  finally  degraded  into  Bump ! 

The  children  of  the  Huguenot  settlers,  it  is 
pleasant  to  note,  were  treated  with  a  gentleness 
and  indulgence  then  hardly  known  among 
families  of  English  or  even  of  Dutch  descent. 
Innocent  sports  and  amusements  were  encour- 
aged, gayety  of  heart  and  lightness  of  deport- 
ment were  fostered,  and  44  the  graces  "  were 
inculcated  through  little  games,  jeux  de  cour- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


417 


toisie,  one  of  which,  called  "  La  Loi  des  Bais- 
ers"  our  author  pleasantly  describes. 

"  In  this  game  only  girls  were  allowed  to  play.  One 
of  them  stood  in  the  centre  of  a  room,  and  round  her 
passed  a  decorous  procession  of  little  women,  each  one 
of  whom  bowed  and  courtesied  low  before  the  gracious 
'  reigning  lady,'  kissing  her  extended  hand  and  chanting 
'  La  main !  La  main,  Jolie !  Petite  ! 

Pour  les  amis.    Pour  lea  amis.' 

To  each  the  small  lady  in  the  centre  courtesied  with 
more  or  less  of  grace,  and  responded,  the  friends  in 
this  case  being  supposed  to  be  of  the  opposite  sex: 

'  Merci,  merci ;  mes  bons  amis.' 

At  the  next  round  the  '  reigning  lady '  presented  her 

brow  to  be  kissed  by  all  in  turn,  while  the  chant  now  ran: 

'  Le  front !  Le  front !  Le  noble  front ! 

Pour  les  peres,  et  les  freres.' 

To  this  the  response  was  a  lower  courtesy  and  the 
words: 

'  Mon  cher  papa  !  Mes  freres  che'ris.' 

At  the  third  turn  of  the  procession  the  small  lady  pre- 
sented both  her  hands  and  her  cheeks,  while  the  chanted 
words  were: 

'  La  joue !  La  joue  !  La  rougeante  joue  ! 
Pour  les  douces  soeurs,  et  les  meres.' 

In  this  the  kissing  was  mutual,  and  on  both  cheeks, 
without  further  words.    At  the  fourth  round  the  «  reign- 
ing lady  '  was  seated,  demurely  placing  one  small  finger 
on  her  archly  pouting  lips,  while  the  others  passed  by, 
each  with  half-averted  face  and  one  hand  raised  as  if 
prohibiting  a  nearer  approach,  while  chanting: 
'  La  bonche !  La  bouche,  si  ravissante  ! 
Pour  les  maris  !  Mais  seulement  les  maris  ! '  " 

Outwardly  less  cheerful  than  his  Huguenot 
co-religionists,  the  Puritan  colonist  had,  as  we 
know,  his  seasons  of  large  indulgences  in  the 
good  things  of  life  —  witness  the  following 
extract  from  a  letter  of  1779  describing  a 
Thanksgiving  dinner.  The  arrangements  were 
on  a  Gargantuan  scale. 

"  All  the  baking  of  pies  and  cakes  was  done  at  our 
house  &  we  had  the  big  oven  heated  and  filled  twice 
each  day  for  three  days  before  it  was  all  done,  & 
everything  was  good,  though  we  did  have  to  do  without 
some  things  that  ought  to  be  used.  ...  Of  course  we 
could  have  no  Roast  Beef.  None  of  us  have  tasted  Beef 
this  three  years  back,  as  it  all  must  go  to  the  Army,  & 
too  little  they  get,  poor  fellows.  But,  Nay quitty maw's 
Hunters  were  able  to  get  us  a  fine  red  Deer,  so  that  we 
had  a  good  Haunch  of  Venisson  on  each  table.  These 
were  balanced  by  huge  Chines  of  Roast  Pork  at  the 
other  ends  of  the  Tables.  Then  there  was  on  one  a 
big  Roast  Turkey  &  on  the  other  a  Goose,  &  two  big 
Pigeon  Pasties.  Then  there  was  an  abundance  of  good 
Vegetables  of  all  the  old  sorts  &  one  which  I  do  not 
believe  you  have  yet  seen.  ...  It  is  called  Sellery  & 
you  eat  it  without  cooking.  .  .  .  Our  Mince  Pies  were 
good.  .  .  .  The  Pumpkin  Pies,  Apple  Tarts  &  big 
Indian  Puddings  lacked  for  nothing  save  Appetite  by 
the  time  we  had  got  round  to  them.  There  was  no 
Plumb  Pudding,  but  a  boiled  Suet  Pudding,  stirred 
thick  with  dried  Plumbs  and  Cherries,  was  called  by 
the  old  Name  &  answered  the  purpose.  ...  It  was 
extraordinary  good." 

It  remains  to  be  added  that  the  company 


"did  not  rise  from  the  Table"  until  after 
dark  (one  wonders  how  they  were  able  to  rise 
at  all),  and  that  the  sole  drawback  to  the 
feast  was  the  arrival  of  the  oranges  (brought 
in  saddle-bags)  in  a  frozen  and  quite  untropi- 
cal  condition.  "  We  soaked  the  frost  out  in 
cold  water,"  says  the  writer,  "  but  I  guess 
they  wasn't  as  good  as  they  should  have  been." 
Probably  not. 

But  we  must  now  desist  from  our  perhaps 
too  liberal  poachings  on  Miss  Smith's  enter- 
taining and  instructive  pages.  The  book  is 
distinctly  one  that  the  student  of  Colonial 
manners  should  read,  and  the  publishers  have 
done  their  best  to  make  it  outwardly  attrac- 
tive. The  frontispiece  is  a  pretty  drawing  of 
the  Sharon  homestead,  and  the  decorations, 
by  Mr.  T.  Guernsey  Moore,  are  tasteful  and 
not  cumbersome.  E.  G.  J. 


HONOBK  DB  BALZAC.* 


The  illustrious  writer  whose  name  appears 
at  the  head  of  this  article  was  born  in  the  city 
of  Tours,  France,  in  the  year  1799,  and  died 
at  the  comparatively  early  age  of  fifty-one. 
He  belongs  to  the  splendid  group  of  great 
men  who  made  the  beginning  and  first  half  of 
the  nineteenth  century  memorable  in  a  way 
that  only  few  half-centuries  can  rival.  In 
Germany,  Goathe  was  completing  the  work 
which  has  taken  its  place  with  the  greatest 
work  done  by  any  man  or  in  any  time ;  in 
England,  Walter  Scott,  Byron,  Wordsworth, 
Shelley,  and  Coleridge,  were  giving  expression 
to  the  new  spirit  which  was  transforming  the 
literature  of  their  country ;  in  his  own  land, 
Balzac  enjoyed  the  friendship  of  Victor  Hugo 
and  George  Sand.  He  was  himself  one  of 
those  great  laborers  in  his  chosen  field,  whose 
full  measure  is  not  taken  by  the  generation 
that  produces  them,  but  whose  adequate  appre- 
ciation belongs  to  later  times  which  can  see 
them  aright. 

The  family  of  Balzac  was  in  comfortable 
circumstances,  and  in  a  fair  way  to  do  for  him 
whatever  was  needed  for  his  best  development. 
He  does  not  appear  to  have  been  a  model 
student  at  the  school  to  which  he  was  sent, 
and  his  clerical  preceptors  seem  to  have  suc- 
ceeded but  ill  with  the  young  boy,  for  he 


*THK  WORKS  OF  HONOKE  DE  BALZAC.  Edited  by  Prof. 
W.  P.  Trent,  of  Columbia  University.  Popular  edition,  in 
16  volumes,  with  illustrations.  New  York:  Thomas  Y. 
Crowell  &  Co. 


418 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


returned  to  his  home  in  a  state  of  complete 
nervous  exhaustion.  He  had  read  extensively 
in  the  books  that  pleased  him,  and  showed 
considerable  precocity  of  mind  and  heart, 
since  he  wrote,  at  this  early  age,  a  "Treatise 
on  the  Will,"  which  one  of  his  teachers  incon- 
tinently threw  into  the  fire.  Balzac,  in  his 
novel  of  "  Louis  Lambert,"  gives  a  curious 
exposition  of  his  mental  and  moral  condition 
at  this  time.  Under  the  judicious  care  of  his 
mother,  his  health  was  restored,  and  his  ambi- 
tions were  greatly  stirred  by  the  removal  of 
the  family  to  Paris  in  1814.  There  he  listened 
to  the  instruction  of  Guizot,  Villemain,  and 
Cousin,  and  the  public  libraries  and  book- 
stalls found  in  him  an  ardent  visitor  and  devo- 
tee. He  was  intended  for  the  law,  pursued 
the  necessary  studies,  and  passed  the  regular 
examinations.  At  twenty-one  he  was  a  singu- 
larly promising  young  man,  from  the  ordinary 
practical  point  of  view.  His  father  now  wished 
him  to  enter  upon  the  real  exercise  of  his  pro- 
fession ;  but  after  much  consideration  he  was 
allowed  the  privilege  of  making  a  trial  of  his 
powers  in  the  way  of  literature.  He  was 
ensconced  in  an  attic  in  Paris,  given  a  meagre 
income,  and  permitted  to  go  on  his  way  undis- 
turbed. He  wrote  a  tragedy  called  "  Crom- 
well," which  his  family,  and  a  certain  professor 
called  in  to  assist  at  the  reading,  condemned 
forthwith.  He  was  taken  back  home ;  but  the 
freedom  of  the  life  which  he  had  led,  and  the 
absence  of  a  favorite  sister,  who  was  now 
Madame  Surville,  made  him  long  for  the  attic 
which  he  had  abandoned.  He  shortly  left 
home  for  good,  and  definitely  undertook  the 
career  which  gave  the  world  his  "  Human 
Comedy  "  and  him  a  place  in  literary  history 
which  has  become  more  and  more  distinguished 
with  the  passage  of  the  years. 

Balzac's  earlier  work  fell  in  that  period  of 
intense  romanticism  which  swept  every  writer 
into  its  irresistible  current.  The  eighteenth 
century  had  been  an  age  of  reason,  an  imper- 
sonal search  for  truth,  social  and  political. 
With  Rousseau  came  the  reaction,  the  assertion 
of  individuality  in  all  regions  of  thought  and 
life.  Foreign  literatures  brought  their  con- 
tributions to  this  great  stream  which  bore 
older  structures  to  apparent  ruin  in  its  tumult- 
uous rush,  —  Spain  with  her  ballads,  England 
with  her  historical  novels,  Germany  with  her 
heroes  of  revolt.  Balzac  brought  his  slender 
offering  of  sensational  romances.  They  are 
stories  which  he  was  afterwards  glad  to  ignore, 
and  with  which  even  his  warmest  admirers  do 


not  find  it  necessary  to  become  familiar.  These 
were,  however,  years  of  growth  and  develop- 
ment, and  helped  to  lay  the  foundations  of  the 
real  achievements  which  were  to  come;  and 
finally,  in  the  year  1829,  appeared  the 
"Chouans,"  which  brought  him  success,  and 
his  apprenticeship  was  fairly  over.  Balzac 
was  on  the  way  to  the  profound  study  of  man 
and  the  society  in  which  he  has  his  being,  that 
gives  character  and  quality  to  the  mature 
novels,  and  has  in  it  the  elements  of  a  realism 
fitted  to  bear  remarkable  fruit  among  his  suc- 
cessors. 

He  had,  during  these  years,  entered  upon 
business  enterprises,  which  appeared  to  him 
promising  but  left  him  with  a  burden  of  debt, 
heavy  and  harassing.  He  found  his  way  to 
many  and  various  friendships  with  the  great 
of  his  time.  His  displayed  the  contradictory 
characteristics  which  are  not  absent  from  the 
men  of  his  period  and  nation.  He  was  a  good 
hater  as  well  as  lover,  desired  the  possession 
of  wealth,  which  he  made  wild  attempts  to 
secure  by  commercial  enterprise  or  specula- 
tion, became  a  collector  of  pictures  and  curios, 
traveled  extensively,  and  touched  life  at  all 
points.  Near  the  close  of  his  career  he  married 
Madame  Ilanska,  with  whom  he  had  long 
been  acquainted,  and  who  became  known  to 
him  through  a  correspondence  which  she 
opened  with  some  inquiries  about  his  book, 
"  Le  Peau  de  Chagrin."  Romanticist  and 
realist,  sensuous  and  spiritual-minded,  dreamer 
and  scientific  observer,  indefatigable  and  in- 
temperate toiler,  Balzac  truly  lived  only  in  the 
creation  of  those  stories  which  were  separate 
chapters  in  the  great  work  which  he  had 
planned,  and  which  indeed  took  all  humanity 
for  its  province. 

The  history  of  these  writings  is  one  of  con- 
stantly increasing  vogue  and  appreciation,  not 
only  in  his  own  country  but  in  all  lands. 
Translation  on  translation  has  made  its  ap- 
pearance in  English,  although  the  difficulty  of 
a  satisfactory  rendering  might  well  give  the 
most  courageous  pause.  Some  twenty  years 
ago,  Miss  Katharine  Prescott  Wormley  made 
a  beginning  in  this  country,  and  she  has  found 
it  necessary  practically  to  go  through  the  entire 
list.  Other  translations  have  appeared,  in  En- 
gland, and  now  we  have  the  present  American 
edition,  with  copious  introductions  under  the 
editorship  of  Prof.  W.  P.  Trent  of  Columbia 
University.  It  may  be  said  that  twenty  years 
ago  the  name  of  Balzac  outside  of  France 
awoke  but  a  feeble  echo  of  surprise  and  won- 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


419 


derment ;  to-day  his  is  no  longer  a  reputation 
confided  to  the  fostering  care  of  scholars  and 
eager  students  of  literatures  other  than  their 
own.  He  has  entered  into  his  kingdom,  and 
made  captive  readers  in  all  lands  and  climes. 

The  opinions  about  him  are  in  the  nature  of 
the  case  widely  different.  Professor  Dowden 
says  of  him :  "  There  is  something  gross  in 
Balzac's  genius ;  he  has  little  wit,  little  deli- 
cacy, no  sense  of  measure,  no  fine  self-criticism ; 
...  he  piles  sentence  on  sentence,  hard  and 
heavy  as  the  accumulated  stones  of  a  cairn. 
Did  he  love  his  art  for  its  own  sake  ?  It  must 
have  been  so ;  but  he  esteemed  it  also  as  an 
implement  of  power,  as  the  means  of  pushing 
towards  fame  and  grasping  gold."  On  the 
other  hand,  Taine  places  him  with  Shakes- 
peare ;  in  a  recent  article  Professor  Harry 
Thurston  Peck  has  said  that  "  at  the  last  his 
name  will  be  placed  higher  still  than  Shake- 
speare's, at  the  very  apex  of  the  pinnacle  of 
fame  "  ;  and  Professor  Trent  gives  him  a  posi- 
tion but  little  below  this. 

Balzac's  literary  production,  during  his  brief 
twenty  years  of  real  activity,  was  most  extraor- 
dinary. It  is  impossible  here  even  to  mention 
his  undisputed  masterpieces,  but  such  books  as 
"Le  PereGoriot,"  "Eugenie  Grandet,"  "Cesar 
Birotteau,"  "  Le  Cousin  Pons,"  "  La  Cousine 
Bette,"  "  La  Duchesse  de  Langeais,"  "  Le  Peau 
de  Chagrin,"  "  La  Recherche  de  L'Absolu," 
"  Seraphita,"  "  Le  Medicin  de  Campagne," 
come  immediately  into  one's  consciousness. 
They  seem  to  span  the  entire  field  of  human 
life,  to  penetrate  its  depths,  to  ascend  its 
heights,  to  give  a  reproduction  singularly  like 
the  original.  The  characters  that  people  the 
world  which  has  arisen  under  this  Prospero's 
wand  have  a  reality  that  is  wonderful ;  the  ex- 
periences through  which  they  move  have  a 
vividness  that  is  as  remarkable ;  the  catas- 
trophes that  ensue  through  their  weaknesses 
and  misadventures,  which  are  seen  in  full  pro- 
portion and  consequence  in  the  strong  light 
that  is  one  of  the  romancer's  chief  gifts,  are 
appalling.  He  has  the  naturalist's  power  of 
burying  himself  in  the  individual  whom  he  is 
studying ;  he  analyzes  his  subjects  with  an  as- 
surance that  leaves  nothing  undiscovered.  He 
has  the  impartiality  which  a  creator  must  have ; 
these  men  and  women  grow  and  move  and  live ; 
they  are  observed  with  keen  accuracy  as  they 
plan  and  act  and  develop ;  they  pursue  their 
own  ends,  and  are  confronted  by  the  destinies 
which  they  have  woven  for  themselves. 

But  we  come  now  to  the  novelist's  great 


achievement,  which,  in  the  Preface  to  the 
"  Human  Comedy,"  he  has  announced  as  his 
main  endeavor,  and  which  Professor  Trent 
calls  "  the  principal  of  coordination  in  fiction." 
These  personages  were  to  be  seen  in  organic 
relation  with  each  other,  in  vital  connection 
with  the  social  environment  which  so  profoundly 
acted  upon  them.  This  is  a  very  different  affair 
from  the  reappearance  in  a  later  book  of  men 
and  women  who  have  had  their  entrance  in  an 
earlier  one.  It  is  a  study  of  society  as  a  whole, 
of  the  evolution  of  character  in  the  milieu 
which  has  so  much  to  do  with  its  formation ;  it 
is  a  bold  anticipation  of  views  and  doctrines 
that  have  had  their  authoritative  exposition 
elsewhere  and  later.  It  is  perhaps  not  out  of 
place  here  to  give  a  quotation  from  Balzac's 
preface  to  his  "  Human  Comedy  "  in  which  he 
sums  up  his  intentions  : 

"  It  was  no  small  task  to  depict  the  two  or  three 
thousand  conspicuous  types  of  a  period;  for  this  is,  in 
fact,  the  number  presented  to  us  by  each  generation, 
and  which  the  «  Human  Comedy '  will  require.  This 
crowd  of  actors,  of  characters,  this  multitude  of  lives, 
need  a  setting  —  if  I  may  be  pardoned  the  expression, 
a  gallery.  Hence  the  very  natural  division,  as  already 
known,  into  Scenes  of  Private  Life,  of  Provincial  Life,  of 
Parisian,  Political,  Military,  and  Country  Life.*  Under 
these  six  heads  are  classified  all  the  studies  of  manners, 
which  form  the  history  of  society  at  large,  of  all  its  fails 
et  gestes,  as  our  ancestors  would  have  said.  These  six 
classes  correspond,  indeed,  to  familiar  conceptions. 
Each  has  its  own  sense  and  meaning,  and  answers  to  an 
epoch  in  the  life  of  man.  .  .  .  My  work  has  its  geog- 
raphy as  it  has  its  genealogy  and  its  families,  its  places 
and  things,  its  persons  and  their  deeds;  as  it  has  its 
heraldry,  its  nobles  and  its  commonalty,  its  artisans  and 
peasants,  its  politicians  and  dandies,  its  army,  —  in 
short,  a  whole  world  of  its  own." 

What  is  to  be  said  finally  of  this  immense 
work?  Has  the  author  succeeded  in  his  en- 
deavor ?  To  have  made  the  effort  and  conceived 
the  plan  are  in  themselves  remarkable  achieve- 
ments. To  have  in  his  day  vigorously  placed 
himself  side  by  side  with  the  famous  Geoffry 
Saint  Hilaire,  espoused  the  cause  of  evolution, 
and  illustrated  it  in  his  stories,  is  a  high  thing 
for  any  man  to  have  done.  But  are  these  figures 
genuine  types  of  human  thought  and  aspiration, 
universally  recognized  and  recognizable,  as 
Ulysses  unquestionably  is,  as  Hamlet  and  Faust 

*  The  "  Human  Comedy  "  (an  appellation  which  of  course 
suggests  the  "  Divine  Comedy")  ia  divided  into  three  main 
sections,  viz.:  The  "Studies  of  Manners"  ("Etudes  de 
Mojurs"),  the  "Philosophical  Studies"  ("Etudes  Philoso- 
phiques"),  the  "Analytical  Studies"  ("Etudes  Analy- 
tiques").  These  are  respectively  the  moral,  metaphysical, 
psychological  sections  of  the  work.  The  divisions  in  the  text 
are  divisions  of  the  "  Studies  of  Manners."  No  translation 
of  the  "Analytical  Studies"  is  given  in  the  present  edition. — 
these  not  being  strictly  fiction. 


420 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


are  ?  Is  this  the  world  of  free  humanity,  high, 
pure,  and  simple,  which  we  find  in  the  best 
art  that  is  known  to  us?  Let  the  genera- 
tions of  readers  who  are  in  store  for  Balzac 
answer. 

The  present  edition,  which  includes  all  Bal- 
zac's novels  that  are  worthy  of  preservation, 
has  the  advantage  of  the  editorial  supervision 
of  Professor  Trent,  who  furnishes  a  long  and 
scholarly  biography  of  Balzac,  a  suggestive 
plan  for  reading  the  interconnected  stories,  a 
bibliography,  and  a  special  introduction  to  each 
volume.  Professor  Trent  has  never  done  work 
which  more  deserves  the  appreciation  of  his 
readers.  The  volumes  are  tastefully  printed 
and  bound,  the  illustrations  are  admirable,  and 
the  edition  ought  greatly  to  increase  the  inter- 
est in  Balzac  and  enlarge  the  number  of  his 

audience. 

Louis  J.  BLOCK. 


THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE  AT  THE  HAGUE.* 

One  of  the  most  able  and  influential  of  the 
delegates  to  the  Peace  Conference  at  the 
Hague,  Dr.  Frederick  W.  Holls,  has  just 
published  an  interesting  and  valuable  history 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  Conference.  Twenty- 
six  nations  sent  delegates  and  each  nation  sent 
as  its  representatives  its  ablest  diplomats, 
statesmen,  and  publicists.  The  questions 
debated  were  weighty  and  momentous.  A 
foundation  was  laid,  as  never  before,  for  the 
adjustment  of  differences  between  nations  by 
peaceful  arbitration  ;  and  in  case  war  came,  it 
was  sought  to  deprive  it  of  some  of  its  horrors 
and  to  safeguard  the  life  and  property  of  neu- 
trals and  property  not  contraband  of  war  upon 
the  high  seas. 

The  rescript  of  the  Emperor  of  Russia  call- 
ing for  the  assembling  of  delegates  from  all 
the  civilized  nations,  mentioned  especially  the 
limiting  of  the  increase  of  armies  and  of  the 
use  of  new  and  improved  machines  for  the  de- 
struction of  human  life.  It  soon  became  evi- 
dent, however,  from  positions  taken  by  various 
delegates  of  the  larger  powers,  that  nothing 
could  be  effected  in  the  direction  of  disarma- 
ment—  the  matter  which  evidently  the  Em- 
peror of  Russia  had  especially  in  mind.  The 
date  for  this  radical  departure  has  not  come. 
The  time  of  the  Conference  was  therefore 

*THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE  AT  THE  HAGUE,  and  its  Bear- 
ings on  International  Law  and  Policy.  By  Frederick  W. 
Holls,  D.C.L.  New  York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


devoted  mostly  to  two  topics,  Arbitration  and 
International  Law,  and  in  each  of  these  direc- 
tions sufficient  was  accomplished  to  make  the 
meeting  one  of  the  great  landmarks  in  the  his- 
tory of  mankind,  and  one  of  the  events  which 
will  make  the  century  illustrious. 

International  Arbitration  has  not  heretofore 
been  a  judicial  proceeding,  and  the  findings  of 
arbitrators  have  oftentimes  carried  but  little 
weight.  The  reason  is  plain.  The  arbitrators 
were  chosen  by  the  disagreeing  powers  as  attor- 
neys rather  than  judges.  Each  arbitrator  strove 
to  obtain  all  possible  advantages  for  the  nation 
that  he  represented. 

Under  the  method  of  procedure  fixed  by  the 
Conference  each  nation  may  appoint  four  of 
its  citizens  as  permanent  judges  of  the  High 
Court  of  Arbitration,  and  the  appointments 
will  be  made  from  among  its  most  eminent 
men.  From  these  judges  the  litigant  nations 
will  select  such  number  as  may  be  agreed  upon 
to  hear  and  determine  the  questions  at  issue. 
This  tribunal  will  be  the  most  august  in  the 
history  of  the  nations ;  from  its  entire  impar- 
tiality its  decisions  will  command  universal 
respect  and  no  sympathy  could  be  expected 
toward  any  nation  ignoring  its  awards. 

International  Law,  a  much  used  term,  prior 
to  the  assembling  of  the  Hague  Conference  had 
in  reality  been  nothing  more  than  "  a  miscel- 
laneous collection  of  moral  precepts  and  rules 
of  intercourse."  From  Grotius  to  our  own 
time  many  able  writers  have  expounded  it,  but 
in  time  of  war  any  nation  felt  itself  free  to 
disregard  such  precepts  as  seemed  to  conflict 
with  its  own  immediate  interests.  By  the  ac- 
tion of  the  Conference  the  chief  principles  of 
International  Law  have  been  embodied  in  a 
treaty  which  has  since  been  ratified  by  and  be- 
tween the  twenty-six  nations  represented,  and 
thus  is  the  most  widely  approved  and  binding 
statute  enacted  in  the  history  of  the  world. 
As  the  author  states  it,  this  action  is  the  Magna 
Charta  of  International  Law.  It  will  be  the 
starting  point  for  all  development  and  com- 
mentary hereafter. 

The  proceedings  of  diplomatic  conferences 
are  usually  secret,  but  in  the  readable  story  as 
told  by  Dr.  Holls,  the  curtain  is  lifted  and 
many  interesting  debates  are  opened  to  the 
reader.  The  proceedings  were  at  all  times 
conducted  with  dignity  and  decorum  as  became 
the  gravity  of  the  occasion  and  of  the  subjects 
discussed  :  subjects  having  a  momentous  bear- 
ing upon  the  progress  and  even  the  life  of 
civilization.  No  more  striking  contrast  could 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


421 


be  named  than  that  between  the  wrangling  and 
hurly-burly  of  an  ordinary  Parliamentary  de- 
bate and  the  finished  orations  on  this  occasion 
of  the  diplomats  whose  every  word  was  weighed 
and  considered  before  it  was  uttered,  —  the 
lofty  and  serene  courtesy  in  the  bearing  of  the 
delegates,  each  to  the  other,  and  the  stately 
and  gracious  method  of  conducting  all  pro- 
ceedings, as  became  an  assemblage  of  gentle- 
men. 

Among  the  eminent  diplomats,  members  of 
the  Conference,  may  be  named  Prince  Miinster 
Derneburg  and  Privy  Councillor  Zorn  of  Ger- 
many ;  Andrew  D.  White,  Seth  Low,  and 
Frederick  W.  Holls  of  the  United  States ; 
Heinrich  Lammasch  of  Austria ;  Chevalier 
Deschamps  of  Belgium  ;  Leon  Bourgeois  and 
Baron  d'  Estournelles  de  Constant  of  France; 
Sir  Julian  Pauncefote  of  England  ;  Baron  de 
Stael  and  Privy  Councillor  de  Martens  of 
Russia ;  and  Baron  de  Bildt  of  Sweden  and 
Norway. 

Dr.  Holls's  volume  will  be  a  necessity  to  all 
who  would  keep  in  touch  with  one  of  the  loftiest 
achievements  since  the  meeting  of  the  Barons 
with  King  John,  and  an  achievement  which  it 
is  hoped  through  its  High  Arbitration  Tribu- 
nal may  be  a  factor  in  the  settlement  of  the 
"  tremendous  problem  in  the  Far  East  which 
is  darkening  the  horizon  of  all  commercial 

nations." 

FRANKLIN  H.  HEAD. 


THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  ROMAN  ART.* 

To  be  interested  in  art,  if  one  be  neither 
artist  nor  critic,  is  now  a  deed  without  a  name. 
Those  good  old  words  "  connoisseur  "  and  "  dil- 
ettante "  are  but  seldom  heard.  Who  could 
wish  to  be  called  either  now  ?  They  belong 
to  that  bygone  period  when  Mr.  Burchell  con- 
demned "  the  tame,  correct  paintings  of  the 
Flemish  school,"  in  favor  of  "  the  erroneous 
but  sublime  animations  of  the  Roman  pencil," 
and  George  Primrose  learned  how  much  repu- 
tation might  be  gained  by  praising  the  works 
of  Pietro  Perugino.  Goethe  put  the  Dilettante 
out  of  existence  (or  should  have),  and  the 
same  fate  has  befallen  the  connoisseur.  Yet 
there  was  good  in  the  names,  even  if  no  more 
than  this :  that  one  indicated  (vaguely,  per- 
haps, but  etymologically)  a  person  who  loved 

*  ROMAN  ART.  By  Franz  Wickhoff._  Translated  and 
edited  by  Mrs.  S.  "Arthur  Strong,  LL.D.  New  York  "The 
Macmillan  Go. 


art,  and  the  other  a  person  who  knew  about  it. 

It  would  be  useful  to  have  that  distinction 
still.  Artists  can  attend  to  themselves  ;  they 
need  not  care  what  people  call  them.  And 
critics,  too,  need  not  be  troubled  at  the  names 
(and  epigrams)  which  they  receive.  But  the 
general  run  of  educated  men  and  women,  now, 
have  also  an  interest  in  art  of  one  kind  or  an- 
other. Mr.  Marshall,  some  years  ago,  spoke 
of  the  ordinary  person  interested  in  art  as  the 
"  observer  ";  but  he  must  have  been  thinking 
chiefly  of  painting,  for  one  can  hardly  be  said 
to  observe  music  or  poetry.  And  even  were 
the  name  more  inclusive,  it  does  not  indicate 
the  distinction  between  those  who  are  content 
to  love  beautiful  things  and  art,  and  those 
who  wish  to  know  about  them.  And  that 
distinction  is  an  interesting  one. 

In  almost  any  field  of  art  you  will  find  these 
two  sets.  You  may  observe  the  difference 
strongly  marked  by  the  attitude  that  people 
take  on  what  they  hear  of  the  art  criticism  of 
Morelli,  or  of  Mr.  Berenson,  who  seems  to 
be  one  of  the  chief  perpetuators  of  his  doc- 
trines. But  you  will  see  the  difference  most 
strongly  in  the  field  of  ancient  art.  Read  an 
essay  of  Pater's  —  say  that  on  the  Athletic 
Prizemen  —  and  then  turn  to  Furtwangler's 
treatment  of  Polycestus,  not  precisely  the 
same  subject  but  pretty  near  it,  in  the  "  Mas- 
terpieces of  Greek  Sculpture."  You  seem 
almost  in  two  different  worlds. 

Greek  art  is  a  wonder  field,  nowadays,  for 
those  who  know.  The  person  of  cultivated 
taste  who  liked  to  look  at  the  Venus  of  Melos 
in  the  Louvre,  and  always  felt  more  pleasantly 
in  going  up-stairs  on  account  of  the  Winged 
Victory,  hardly  knows  what  to  make  of  a 
recent  book  on  Greek  Sculpture.  There  are 
so  many  strange,  fragmentary,  amorphous 
figures,  all  so  important,  and  so  few  of  the 
Greek  statues  that  one  remembers  (most  of 
them,  indeed,  very  late  and  treated  generally 
with  a  civil  neglect),  that  it  seems  quite  a 
different  world  from  that  we  used  to  hear 
about. 

It  is  a  different  world,  without  a  doubt,  and 
an  extraordinarily  interesting  one,  too.  It 
does  seem  a  pity,  of  course,  not  to  be  content 
to  love  and  to  appreciate  quite  genuinely  and 
simply  the  few  remains  that  one  knows  of 
real  Greek  work,  until  one  gets  the  true 
Greek  spirit,  without  all  this  paraphernalia  of 
comparison  between  all  sorts  of  mutilated 
work  of  later  copyists.  But  there  is  still 
immense  fascination  in  going  over  the  patient 


422 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


work,  by  which  out  of  the  Roman  copies  the 
German  scholar  actually  re-creates  for  you  the 
types  of  the  Greek  master,  and  in  appreciating 
the  true  artistic  feeling  required  as  well  as  the 
literary  and  archseological  knowledge.  There 
is  interest,  too,  in  reading  the  classic  histor- 
ians, in  going  over  the  text  of  Pliny  and 
seeing  how,  by  careful  comparison  of  passages 
from  authors  as  well  as  of  examples  of  artists, 
there  arises  before  one  some  conception  of  the 
history  of  art  in  Greece  and  Rome. 

This  is  a  long  introduction  to  Mrs.  Strong's 
translation  of  Dr.  Wickhoff's  work  on  "  Roman 
Art,"  but  it  has  given   the  standpoint  from 
which  the  general  reader  will  regard  the  work. 
It  is  a  book  on  the  history  of  art,  on  a  very 
perplexed  period,  —  a  book  of  knowledge  and 
scholarship.     Yet  it  will  have  a  sort  of  fasci- 
nation even  to  the  art-lover.     Mrs.  Strong  is 
already  well  known  from  the  English  edition 
of  Furtwangler's  "  Masterpieces  "   and  from 
the  commentary  and  introduction  to  the  trans- 
lation of  Pliny's  "Chapters  on  the    History 
of  Art "  by    Miss  Lex.   Blake.     These   two 
works  lead,  in  a  way,  to  this  third.     They, 
however,  were  on   Greek  art.     This  present 
book  is  on  Roman  art,  —  one  might  almost  say 
it  creates  Roman  art,  so  far  as  concerns  any 
independent  existence.     It    is    an    extremely 
interesting  story  ;  with  a  good  deal  conjectural, 
doubtless,  with  a  good  deal  disputed,  of  course. 
Dr.  Wickhoff  succeeds  in  tracing  out  a  Roman 
development  of  art  from  the  Greek  workmen 
of  the  time  of  Augustus  down  to  the  earliest 
Christian  manuscript-painters  of  the  fifth  cen- 
tury.    An    immensely    curious    book,  —  one 
would  gladly   say  more  of  it,  although  real 
criticism  of  such   a  theory   belongs  to  more 
special  scholars  and  more  technical  journals ; 
a  book  for  those  who  like  to  know  about  art, 
and  yet  with  its  interest  for  the  others  too. 
Indeed,  one  cannot   follow   out   the   careful 
appreciation  of  so  many  sources  (very  fully 
illustrated,  by  the  way)  of  Greek  copies  and 
Roman  portraits,  of  bas-reliefs  on  the  Altar 
of  Peace  and  the  Axle  of  Titus,  of  painting  on 
the  walls  of  Pompeii  and  the  few  Roman  rem- 
nants, down   to  that  beautiful  purple  manu- 
script that  gave  rise  to  the  whole  discussion, 
—  one  cannot  follow  it  all  carefully  through 
without  feeling  that  the  distinction  we  have 
spoken  of  may  be  after  all  an  illusion,  and 
that  in  truth  one  cannot  know  much  about  art 
without  a  genuine  love  for  it. 

EDWARD  E.  HALE,  JR. 


THE  PHILIPPINE  QUESTION  PER  SE.* 

Now  that  the  Philippine  question  has  partly 
disappeared  as  a  mere  factor  in  partisan  war- 
fare, or  at  least  as  a  campaign  issue,  there  will 
doubtless  be  a  more  general  disposition  to 
consider  it  on  its  merits,  to  arrive  at  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  facts,  and  to  reach  some  rational 
conclusion  as  to  what  is  best  to  do  about  it. 
After  the  heat  of  contest,  when  "  the  shouting 
and  the  tumult  dies,"  comes  the  time  for  reflec- 
tion and  deliberation. 

"  Great  captains,  with  their  guns  and  drums, 
Disturb  our  judgment  for  the  hour, 
But  at  last  silence  comes." 

And  in  this  silence,  with  judgments  undis- 
turbed by  factional  strife  and  passion,  is  to  be 
worked  out  the  practical  solution  of  the  prob- 
lems that  confront  Americans  in  their  new  and 
not  altogether  happy  relations  with  their  so- 
called  "  island  possessions."  First  of  all,  it  is 
evident  that  full  knowledge  of  the  facts  is 
essential ;  and  to  this  end  these  recently  pub- 
lished books  contribute  in  no  small  degree. 

The  translation,  by  Dr.  David  J.  Doherty, 
of  the  brochure  of  Professor  Ferdinand  Blum- 
entritt  is  to  be  welcomed  at  this  time  as  shed- 
ding the  pure  light  of  scientific  investigation 
on  a  subject  that  partisan  prejudice  has  clouded 
over.  Herr  Blumentritt  is  the  professor  of 
ethnology  in  the  scientific  school  of  Leitmeritz, 
Bohemia,  a  member  of  the  Berlin  Society  of 
Ethnology,  and  was  for  years  a  resident  of 
the  Philippines,  where  he  was  widely  known  as 
the  intimate  friend  of  the  patriot-martyr  Rizal 
during  his  later  life.  He  is  therefore  pos- 
sessed of  information  which  is  absolutely  need- 
ful to  an  understanding  of  the  case  of  the 
Filipino  people.  The  first  part  of  his  paper 
is  taken  up  with  ethnological  considerations. 
He  shows  that  the  coast  Malays  were  already 
enjoying  a  civilization  of  no  mean  kind  when 
the  Spanish  discovered  the  islands.  Coming 
just  in  time  to  combat  the  spreading  doctrines 
of  Islam,  Christianity  gradually  extended  over 
the  greater  part  of  the  archipelago,  limiting 
the  Moslems  to  the  southern  or  Sulu  islands. 
Of  these  coast  Malays  who  accepted  Christi- 
anity, there  are  several  tribes,  representing 
slightly  varying  ancestral  tendencies  ;  but  for 

*  THE  PHILIPPINES  :  THEIR  PEOPLE  AND  POLITICAL 
CONDITIONS.  By  Ferdinand  Blumentritt.  Translated  by 
David  J.  Doherty,  A.M.,  M.D.  Chicago:  Donahue  Bro- 
thers. 

THE  OTHER  MAN'S  COUNTRY.  By  Herbert  Welsh.  Phil- 
adelphia :  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 

LIBERTY,  INDEPENDENCE,  AND  SELF-GOVERNMENT.  By 
Everett  Guy  Ballard.  Chicago:  E.  G.  Ballard. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


423 


all  practical  purposes  they  are  a  homogeneous 
people,  professing  one  faith  and  speaking  a 
common  tongue,  with  common  aspirations  and 
no  small  degree  of  culture.  Herr  Blumentritt 
calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  a  larger  per- 
centage of  them  are  able  to  read  and  write 
than  in  certain  self-governing  European  coun- 
tries, notably  Italy,  Spain,  and  some  of  the 
eastern  States  like  Rou mania  and  Montenegro 
—  and,  he  might  have  added,  some  of  the 
States  of  the  American  Union.  This  Chris- 
tian population  is  variously  estimated,  but 
constitutes  an  enormous  majority  of  the  inhab- 
itants, probably  exceeding  six  and  a  half  mil- 
lions and  possibly  more  than  eight  millions. 
The  rest  of  the  people  are  the  Moslems  or 
Moros,  with  about  half  a  million  souls ;  the 
heathen  hill  tribes,  numbering  about  a  million  ; 
and  the  aborigines  or  negritos,  who  do  not 
exceed  twenty  thousand  all  told  and  are  rap- 
idly becoming  extinct.  The  pamphlet  will  be 
found  full  of  similarly  useful  information, 
being  particularly  valuable  in  showing  the 
relations  borne  by  the  American  authorities 
to  the  clergy  of  the  religious  orders  in  the 
Philippines. 

Mr.  Herbert  Welsh,  the  author  of  "The 
Other  Man's  Country,"  has  had  to  do  with  the 
North  American  aborigines  through  many 
years  without  imputation  of  selfishness  or  dis- 
honesty, and  has  gained  no  slight  knowledge 
of  what  Americans  call  inferior  races.  Thor- 
oughly aware  of  the  hideous  immoralities  and 
criminal  blunders  that  may  be  found  detailed 
in  Mrs.  Helen  Hunt  Jackson's  "  A  Century 
of  Dishonor,"  and  in  various  other  works,  the 
author  here  enters  a  plea  for  a  sense  of  respon- 
sibility and  an  enlightened  conscience  which 
will  prevent  a  repetition  of  these  domestic  ca- 
lamities in  the  international  arena.  More  than 
all,  he  holds  in  mind  the  awful  price  paid  by 
the  United  States  for  its  enslavement  of  the 
African,  and  hopes  by  sober  counsel  to  avoid 
the  exaction  of  a  similar  penalty  for  a  similar 
offense  against  Asiatics.  The  first  of  the 
American  commissions  sent  to  the  Philippines 
made  a  study,  imperfect  but  convincing,  of 
British  influence  in  the  Malay  States  —  the 
brightest  stars  in  the  crown  of  Great  Britain's 
imperialism  and  the  least  imperialistic.  As  a 
result  an  earnest  recommendation  of  a  civil 
service  similar  to  that  used  by  England  in 
Malaya  was  made  to  the  government  of  the 
United  States.  Unfortunately,  there  has  been 
little  disposition  shown  to  use  any  of  the  re- 
straints of  a  properly  constituted  civil  service. 


On  the  contrary,  most  of  the  officers  in  the 
islands  under  the  American  flag,  in  both  hem- 
ispheres, have  been  selected  from  a  class  of 
men  which  the  nation  holds  in  profound  dis- 
trust, that  of  the  professional  officeholders, 
political  heelers  and  strikers,  the  men  of  "pull" 
and  "  inflooence."  Despite  the  terrible  warn- 
ing of  "  carpet-bag  "  rule  in  the  South,  under 
conditions  which  make  for  added  terrors  by 
way  of  a  censored  press,  vast  distance  from  the 
centres  of  national  thought,  lack  of  constitu- 
tional restraints,  and  differences  in  race,  color, 
religion,  and  civilization,  the  identical  policy 
has  been  permitted  to  take  root  and  thrive. 
The  regular  army  alone  stands  for  discipline 
and  such  morality  as  a  state  of  war  connotes. 
Mr.  Welsh  has  done  wisely  in  calling  our  at- 
tention at  this  time  to  the  facts  in  the  case. 
Only  by  taking  note  of  the  errors  already 
made  can  the  American  people  hope  to  find 
wisdom  for  future  guidance  in  dealing  with 
the  most  vexatious  of  questions,  and  those 
which  our  political  institutions  hinder  us,  in  a 
peculiar  manner,  from  handling  calmly  and  in- 
telligently. He  has  done  wisely,  too,  in  setting 
before  our  eyes  the  example  of  Sir  Andrew 
Clark  in  the  Malayan  peninsula ;  since  the 
plain  alternatives  seem  to  be  either  an  adoption 
of  his  most  satisfactory  methods,  the  crowning 
results  of  Great  Britain's  colonial  experiments 
through  several  centuries,  at  once  and  with 
thoroughness  ;  or  a  treading  of  the  same  bar- 
barous and  bloody  path  by  which  Great  Britain 
such  eminence  as  she  now  maintains 


won 


through  another  series  of  grieving  centuries. 
Taken  in  connection  with  the  writings  or  biog- 
raphies of  those  who  have  demonstrated  the 
advantages  of  British  advice  in  the  far  East, 
it  is  evident  from  "The  Other  Man's  Country  " 
that  the  American  authorities  have  disregarded 
every  lesson  taught  by  English  colonization 
and  administration  among  peoples  of  another 
language,  including  those  to  be  gleaned  from 
the  war  in  South  Africa.  An  examination 
into  Russian  methods  would  show  that  a  study 
of  these  has  been  equally  neglected.  Yet  Rus- 
sia possesses  an  ideal  government  for  adminis- 
tration among  alien  peoples,  by  reason  of  a 
fixed  and  centralized  policy,  far  above  the  will 
of  a  fickle  democracy,  republic,  or  constitutional 
monarchy  dependent  upon  the  suffrages  of  an 
intelligent  and  mutable  population. 

Mr.  Everett  Guy  Ballard  performs  a  service 
not  unlike  that  of  Mr.  Welsh,  in  his  "  Liberty, 
Independence,  and  Self-Government,"  a  pam- 
phlet sufficiently  described  by  its  sub-title  as 


424 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


containing  "  Extracts  from  Speeches,  Writings 
and  Letters  of  the  Fathers  and  Defenders  of 
this  Government,  with  Comment  by  the  Editor ; 
also  Important  Papers  Relating  to  the  Philip- 
pines." The  last  division,  comprising  the  latter 
half  of  the  book,  is  made  up  of  excerpts  from 
the  official  records  of  the  United  States.  The 
intelligent  selection,  from  the  published  works 
of  Otis,  Hawley,  Samuel  Adams,  Henry, 
Franklin,  Paine,  Jefferson,  Washington,  Mon- 
roe, Webster,  Clay,  Corwin,  Everett,  Parker, 
Mann,  Sumner,  Lincoln,  and  Beecher,  of  ideas 
applicable  to  the  present  experiment,  though 
given  a  partisan  aspect  by  the  appended  edito- 
rial comment,  should  serve  for  the  instruction 
and  guidance  of  Americans  at  the  present  day. 

WALLACE  RICE. 


HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS. 

i. 


Andrew  Lang's  monumental  life  of  Prince  Charles 
Edward  (Scribner)  is  an  important  and  carefully 
wrought  work  in  historical  biography  which  de- 
serves fuller  and  more  critical  treatment  than  can 
be  accorded  it  here.  The  rich  and  elaborate  setting 
bestowed  upon  it  by  the  publishers  has,  however, 
tempted  us  to  call  attention  to  it  under  the  category 
of  Holiday  publications,  and  in  this  class  it,  in  point 
of  sumptuousness,  easily  heads  the  season's  list. 
The  volume  is  a  truly  splendid  one  —  a  princely 
literary  and  pictorial  memorial  of  a  lost  cause, 
which  many  a  Jacobite  of  the  old  type  (and  we  be- 
lieve there  are  still  a  few  fantastic  survivals  of  it) 
might  have  consented  to  beggar  himself  to  possess. 
We  do  not  mean  to  ascribe  to  Mr.  Lang  —  who 
has  written  with  the  greatest  fairness  and  impar- 
tiality, though  a  Scot  and  a  "  romantic  "  —  any 
undue  degree  of  bias  in  favor  of  the  cause  or  the 
personality  of  the  gallant  and  picturesque,  though 
relatively  not  altogether  worthy,  adventurer  who 
set  Britain  ablaze  in  "  Forty  Five,"  and  whose 
memory  was  cherished  long  after  in  hearts  far 
nobler  and  purer  than  his  own.  Mr.  Lang  began 
his  task,  as  we  infer,  with  a  certain  romantic  pre- 
dilection for  his  hero  ;  but  as  his  researches  pro- 
gressed he  was  fain  to  admit  that  the  Jacobite  idol 
was  not  all  that  the  perfervid  Jacobite  fancy  painted 
him  —  that  he  was,  though  in  many  respects  an 
amiable  and  well-meaning  young  man,  not  at  all 
the  "  very  perfect  gentle  knight  "  of  song  and  story. 
"  His  figure,"  says  Mr.  Lang,  "  is  beheld  in  a  lustre 
not  its  own  :  in  the  splendor  of  the  love  and  loyalty 
that  gave  themselves  ungrudgingly  for  him  and  for 
his  cause,  that  cherished  his  memory,  and  even  now 
hold  it  a  kind  of  treason  to  tell  the  truth  as  far  as 
the  truth  can  be  known."  Having  written  thus  in 
the  spirit  of  the  historian,  and  having  endeavored 
to  walk  in  the  light  of  the  records  alone,  it  is  not 


to  be  wondered  at  that  Mr.  Lang  finds  cause  to 
complain  that  he  is  "  censured  as  a  Jacobite  and  a 
Whig."  Having  no  prejudices  of  our  own  either 
way,  we  are  inclined  to  believe  that  Mr.  Lang  has 
painted  a  true  portrait,  and  one  that  will  remain 
for  all  time  the  standard  presentment  of  the  man 
Prince  Charles  Edward.  His  book  is  based  mainly 
on  the  Stuart  Papers  at  Windsor  Castle ;  but  no 
original  and  trustworthy  source  of  information  has 
been  left  unexplored.  "  In  printed  books,"  be  says, 
"  I  have  read,  I  think,  most  that  has  been  pub- 
lished." Let  us  add  that  Mr.  Lang  has  told  this 
fascinating  story  in  a  pure,  flexible,  steadily  flowing, 
and  limpid  style  that  is  so  good  that  the  reader  is 
not  conscious,  except  upon  reflection,  how  very 
good  it  is.  The  chronicler's  veracity  joined  to  the 
narrator's  art  is  an  ideal  difficult  of  attainment;  yet 
Mr.  Lang  approaches  it  nearly.  The  book  is  the 
best,  and  should  prove  the  most  enduring,  thing  he 
has  done.  The  volume  has  received  every  embel- 
lishment of  the  book-maker's  and  the  engraver's 
art.  The  frontispiece,  a  beautifully  colored  plate, 
and  quite  the  finest  piece  of  color-printing  that  we 
remember  to  have  seen,  is  a  portrait  of  the  Prince, 
after  Largilliere's  painting  in  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery.  This  noble  plate  serves  as  an  earnest  of 
a  wealth  of  portraits  and  other  illustrations  which 
must  be  examined  to  be  appreciated.  Among  the 
subjects  are  Prince  James  Francis  Stuart,  Princes 
Sobieska,  Prince  Henry  Stuart,  Marquis  D'Argen- 
son,  Lord  Elcho,  Jenny  Cameron  of  Lochiel,  the 
Duke  of  Cumberland,  Keith  the  Earl  Marischal, 
Flora  Macdonald  (2),  and  the  Duchess  of  Albany. 
Hogarth's  famous  plates,  "  Lord  Lovat  Counting 
the  Clans,"  and  the  "  March  to  Finchley,"  are 
handsomely  reproduced.  But  we  must  refer  the 
reader  to  the  volume  itself  for  a  further  view  of  its 
attractions. 

We  are  glad  to  note  that  the  beautiful  volume  on 
"  Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain,"  which  we  had 
occasion  to  praise  last  season,  met  with  a  success 
that  warrants  the  issue  this  year  of  a  kindred  and 
companion  volume  entitled  "  More  Famous  Homes 
of  Great  Britain,  and  Their  Stories"  (Putnam), 
also  edited  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Malan.  In  England,  with 
the  wealthier  class,  the  town-house  has  always  been 
a  rather  unimportant  accessory  —  a  sort  of  tem- 
porary shelter  or  convenience  for  use  during  "  the 
season,"  while  the  country-house  has  been  the  real 
inalienable  home  and  abiding-place,  the  centre  of 
family  treasures  and  traditions,  the  storied  cradle 
of  the  race.  The  English  ancestral  country  home 
is  invested  with  the  dignity 'of  a  national  institution, 
which  finds  but  a  faint  and  imperfect  counterpart 
in  other  countries.  The  present  volume  describes 
in  sufficient  detail  the  beauties  and  treasures  of  a 
dozen  of  the  more  noteworthy  country  seats  of  En- 
gland and  Scotland,  the  articles  being  in  many 
instances  from  the  pens  of  the  respective  owners  of 
the  places  described.  The  volume  is  richly  illus- 
trated with  photographic  plates,  showing  the  seats 
described  and  their  surroundings,  historic  rooms, 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


425 


art  treasures,  family  portraits,  choice  architectural 
details,  etc.  The  book  forms  as  good  a  substitute 
as  can  be  got  for  a  sight-seeing  jaunt  to  these 
cynosural  spots  of  rural  England. 

Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  publish  a  new  and 
elaborate  two-volume  edition  of  Helen  Hunt  Jack- 
son's popular  "  Ramona,"  that  tender  and  romantic 
picture  of  old-Californian  life  which  American  read- 
ers should  know  and  cherish  as  one  of  the  few  dis- 
tinctively native  novels  in  which  a  degree  of  real 
imaginative  power  is  shown.  Though  over  sixteen 
years  have  elapsed  since  the  death  of  Mrs.  Jackson, 
little  is  generally  known  of  her  life,  and  therefore 
the  publishers  of  the  present  edition  have  done 
well  in  prefixing  to  it  a  biographical  sketch  of  the 
author  from  the  sympathetic  pen  of  Miss  Susan 
Coolidge.  Mr.  Henry  Sandham,  the  illustrator, 
furnishes  a  note  in  which  he  tells  how  his  original 
sketches  for  "  Ramona  "  were  made.  The  volumes 
are  tastefully  bound,  and  contain  all  of  Mr.  Sand- 
ham's  admirable  illustrations,  reproduced  in  photo- 
gravure. 

A  clean-cut  and  trenchant  style,  and  the  frequent 
marks  of  real  nicety  of  perception  and  of  the  habit 
of  looking  somewhat  below  the  surface  of  things, 
lend  to  Mr.  Richard  Whiteing's  "  Paris  of  To-Day  " 
(Century  Co.)  a  certain  distinction  among  books 
of  its  generally  ephemeral  class.  Mr.  Whiteing  is 
at  once  artist  and  analyst ;  and  one  cannot  glance 
through  his  pages,  however  casually,  without  feel- 
ing that,  for  all  their  glow  of  color  and  hurly-burly 
of  movement,  they  are  the  work  of  a  man  who  has 
seriously  tried  to  understand  the  men  and  manners 
he  paints.  Mr.  Whiteing's  book,  furthermore,  is  a 
good  deal  more  than  the  record  of  the  impressions 
of  an  intelligent  and  thoughtful  visitor  to  the 
French  capital,  inasmuch  as  it  is  freighted  with 
the  general  observations  of  the  student  on  topics  of 
art,  literature,  and  politics,  and  is  thus  in  no  small 
measure  a  work  of  criticism,  and  a  delightful  one 
in  its  kind ;  and  of  this  the  reader  may  easily  con- 
vince himself  by  turning  to  the  chapters  on  "  The 
Governmental  Machine "  and  "  Artistic  Paris." 
So  good  a  book  deserves  an  inviting  setting,  and  a 
somewhat  sumptuous  one  has  been  accorded  it  by 
the  publishers.  The  volume  is  an  ample  octavo 
(10  x  7  inches)  of  250  pages,  bound  in  dark-blue 
cloth  richly  stamped  with  the  municipal  arms  in 
red,  white,  and  gold.  The  graphic  force  of  Mr. 
Whiteing's  vivid  descriptions  is  enhanced  by  the 
numerous  drawings  of  Andre"  Castaigne,  whose 
merits  as  an  illustrator  need  not  now  be  pointed  out. 
All  in  all,  the  book,  pictorially  and  otherwise,  is  the 
best  one  on  Paris,  contemporary  Paris,  that  we 
remember  to  have  seen  for  a  decade. 

The  "  Gibson  girl "  is  copiously  and  attractively 
represented  this  year  in  Mr.  Gibson's  "Americans  " 
(R.  H.  Russell),  but  not  to  the  total  exclusion  of  other 
types  of  Gibsonized  natives.  We  say  "  Gibsonized  " 
because,  while  Mr.  Gibson  to  a  considerable  degree 
holds  up  the  mirror  to  nature  in  his  pictures, 
there  is  nevertheless  generally  in  them  a  pretty 


marked  personal  equation  to  be  eliminated  if  we 
are  to  get  at  the  strict  truth  —  as  told  by  the  solar 
pencil,  for  instance.  Of  course,  since  Mr.  Gibson 
devotes  himself  to  drawing  "  types  "  he  must  gen- 
eralize ;  but  there  is  danger  in  cultivating  a  man- 
nerism which  tends  to  fix  and  stereotype  itself  in 
the  end.  The  present  volume  is  the  fifth  in  the 
familiar  series  of  Mr.  Gibson's  published  drawings, 
and  is  as  clever  in  execution  and  as  entertaining  in 
theme  as  its  popular  predecessors.  It  contains 
eighty-four  cartoons. 

To  praise  the  "  Temple "  editions  of  standard 
authors  is  now  almost  superfluous.  These  choice 
little  volumes  are,  as  everybody  knows,  gems  of 
dainty  and  artistic  book-manufacture.  To  the  series 
is  now  added  the  K  Temple  Dickens,"  in  which  the 
publishers  (Messrs.  Dent  in  London  and  Doubleday- 
McClure  Co.  in  the  United  States)  have  added  cer- 
tain special  features  which  make  the  set  rather  sur- 
pass its  predecessors  in  attractiveness.  Each  of 
the  forty  volumes  contains,  for  example,  a  daintily 
colored  frontispiece,  from  original  drawings  by 
various  artists.  The  bindings  are  of  flexible  dark- 
green  lambskin,  prepared  by  a  special  process  ;  and 
they  do  not,  we  are  glad  to  note,  "curl  up"  in  the 
exasperating  way  which  usually  makes  the  soft 
cover  a  nuisance.  This  special  edition  is  limited 
to  a  thousand  numbered  copies,  and  these  are  the 
first  impressions  from  absolutely  new  plates.  The 
happy  owner  of  a  set  of  the  "  Temple  Dickens  "  is 
to  be  congratulated  on  possessing  what,  in  the  not 
distant  future,  will  in  all  likelihood  be  rated  among 
the  objects  of  bibliophilistic  longing,  not  to  say 
envy. 

In  his  scholarly  and  severely  critical  study  of 
"  Fra  Angelico  "  (Macmillan),  Mr.  Langton  Doug- 
las gives  our  commonly  cherished  preconception  of 
Fra  Angelico  as  the  mere  mystical  painter  of 
dreams  and  visions  a  somewhat  rude  but  perhaps 
salutary  shock.  Relying  strictly  upon  evidence 
furnished  by  the  artist's  paintings  and  drawings, 
Mr.  Douglas  labors  with  much  erudition  and  con- 
siderable success  to  show  that  Fra  Angelico  was 
not  only  the  saint  and  the  rapt  dreamer  of  poetico- 
religious  dreams,  but  the  humanist  and  scholar,  the 
student  of  the  antique,  and  the  ardent  cultivator 
of  the  dry  technique,  the  handicraftmanship,  of 
his  art.  "  In  him,"  says  Mr.  Douglas,  "  the  artist 
and  the  saint,  the  devout  Catholic  and  the  man  of 
the  Renaissance,  were  in  perfect  harmony."  Mr. 
Douglas's  handling  of  his  theme  is  fresh  and 
scholarly,  and  his  book  may  be  commended  without 
stint  to  the  student  desiring  to  examine  the  purely 
artistic  side  of  Fra  Angelico's  art,  and  to  detect 
the  traces  of  learning,  archaeological  and  other,  that 
unquestionably  lurk  therein.  The1  volume  is  care- 
fully prepared,  and  contains  much  in  the  way  of 
reference  and  bibliography  for  which  the  studious 
reader  will  be  thankful.  Print,  paper,  etc.,  are 
unexceptionable,  and  the  long  list  of  beautiful 
illustrations  enriches  a  work  that  forms  one  of  the 
choicer  gift-books  of  the  season. 


426 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


llossettians  will  thank  Miss  Elisabeth  Luther  Gary 
for  her  monograph  on  "  The  Uossettia,  Dante 
Gabriel  andChristina"(Patnam),  withits  photograv- 
ure reproductions  of  the  characteristic  examples  of 
Rossetti's  work  which  form  the  priceless  collection 
of  Mr.  Samuel  Bancroft,  Jr.,  of  Wilmington,  Dela- 
ware. In  Mr.  Bancroft's  house  hang  the  "  Lady 
Lilith,"  the  "Found,"  the  "  Magdalen,"  the  "  Water 
Willow,"  the  "  Ruth  Herbert "  study  in  gold  and 
umber,  the  portrait  in  colored  chalks  of  Mr.  F.  R. 
Leyland,  and  an  early  study  of  still-life  —  a  collec- 
tion exemplifying  every  period  and  style  of  Ros- 
setti's art.  The  present  volume  contains  repro- 
ductions of  all  these  works  save  the  last  two, 
together  with  one  drawn  by  Frederick  Shields  of 
Rossetti  after  death,  a  sketch  also  in  Mr.  Bancroft's 
collection.  While  it  is  these  pictures  that  lend  to 
Miss  Gary's  book  its  peculiar  charm  and  value,  her 
well-balanced  study  of  Dante  Gabriel  bears  the 
impress  of  sanity  of  view  and  cool  discrimination, 
and  serves  to  correct  and  modify  current  distorted 
impressions  of  this  somewhat  fantastic  and  not 
altogether  amiable  genius.  Of  critical  value  also 
are  Miss  Gary's  two  chapters  on  Christina  Rossetti. 
On  the  whole,  the  work  is  a  sound  and  scholarly 
production,  and  one  not  devoid  of  literary  charm. 
The  volume  is  handsomely  made,  and  of  marked 
attractiveness  pictorially. 

Mr.  Charles  E.  Brock's  capital  and  copious 
drawings  form  a  sufficient  pretext  for  the  reissue 
of  Mrs.  Kate  Douglas  Wiggin's  two  entertaining 
books  entitled  "  Penelope's  English  Experiences  " 
and  "Penelope's  Progress"  (Houghton).  Each 
volume  contains  fifty  odd  pictures  which  duly  reflect 
the  vivacious  humor  of  the  text.  Of  narratives  of 
the  foreign  experiences  of  the  American  female 
tourist,  we  have  had  not  a  few  of  late ;  but  we  do 
not  recall  any  of  these  that  for  refined  humor,  sting- 
less  and  therefore  agreeable  satire,  and  general 
charm  of  style,  are  worthy  to  be  compared  with 
these  popular  stories  (for  such  they  are  in  form) 
of  Mrs.  Wiggins.  They  may  be  read  to  the  best 
advantage,  or  re-read  with  an  added  zest,  in  this 
pictorial  Holiday  edition,  in  which  the  two  volumes 
are  boxed  together  as  a  set. 

Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers'  extra  Holiday 
edition,  in  two  volumes,  of  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward's 
new  novel,  "  Eleanor,"  is  at  once  elegant  and  in- 
expensive, and  makes  a  strong  bid  for  popularity 
with  the  Christmas  book-buyer.  The  Italian  set- 
ting of  the  story  and  the  outward  grace  and  charm 
of  its  leading  actors  offer  a  tempting  field  for  the 
illustrator,  and  Mr.  Albert  Sterner  has  exploited  it 
acceptably  in  his  fourteen  full  page  plates  which 
form  the  pictorial  feature  of  the  edition.  Mr. 
Sterner  draws  well,  and  he  has  evidently  taken 
pains  to  come  at  a  definite  conception  of  the  people 
so  delightfully  limned  by  his  author  before  put- 
ting his  own  pencil  to  paper.  The  result  is  a  har- 
mony between  text  and  pictures  which  is  most 
grateful  to  the  reader.  Mrs.  Ward's  book  is  per- 
haps the  most  important  of  the  season's  novels, 


and  is  entitled  to  much  fuller  and  more  critical 
treatment  than  can  be  accorded  it  in  the  present 
article.  Our  necessarily  somewhat  hurried  pre- 
liminary inspection  of  it  has  left  us  with  the  im- 
pression that  it  is  more  the  result  of  a  purely 
artistic  aim  than  anything  Mrs.  Ward  has  yet  given 
us.  The  book  is  one  which  readers  of  current 
literature  must  not  leave  unread,  and  it  may  be 
read  to  the  best  advantage  in  this  notably  enticing 
Holiday  edition. 

Much  breath  is  wasted  in  debates  over  the  origin 
and  authorship  of  older  popular  and  national  songs, 
by  disputants  with  whom  race  sentiment  and  loy- 
alty to  a  name  take  the  place  of  evidence  to  the 
fact.  There  has  long  been  need  of  an  authority  to 
turn  to  for  a  rational  settlement  of  such  contro- 
versies ;  and  the  two  comely  duodecimo  volumes 
now  before  us,  "  Stories  of  Famous  Songs  "  (Lip- 
pincott),  seem  to  go  a  considerable  way  toward 
supplying  it.  Mr.  S.  J.  Adair  Fitz-Gerald,  the 
editor  of  the  work,  has  spent  some  fifteen  years  in 
the  agreeable  task  of  running  to  earth,  so  to  speak, 
such  famous  songs  as  are  of  doubtful  origin,  and  in 
gathering  facts  and  reminiscences  about  such  songs 
as  were  written  under  romantic,  pathetic,  or  enter- 
taining circumstances.  Every  available  source  — 
biographies,  histories,  reviews,  old  MSS.,  etc.  — 
has  been  ransacked  for  evidence ;  and  the  result  is 
a  work  that  is  decidedly  entertaining,  and,  we 
should  think,  trustworthy.  Almost  all  the  favorite 
songs  whose  story  is  at  all  worth  retelling  figure 
more  or  less  conspicuously  in  Mr.  Fitz  Gerald's 
bright  and  readable  work.  The  volumes  are  given 
a  tasteful  Holiday  dress,  and  contain  several  suit- 
able illustrations  in  photogravure  and  half-tone. 

Of  that  always  refined  and  graceful  illustrator, 
Mr.  Will  H.  Low,  it  may  fairly  be  said  that  he 
touches  nothing  that  he  does  not  adorn  and  beautify. 
Mr.  Low's  pencil  is  charmingly  in  evidence  this 
year  in  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.'s  edition  of 
"  As  You  Like  It "  —  one  of  the  half-dozen  most 
artistic  and  alluring  of  the  season's  publications. 
Mr.  Low's  drawings  are  a  joy  to  the  eye,  and  really 
enhance  one's  enjoyment  of  the  text :  and  how  often 
one  is  compelled  to  say  the  reverse  where  the 
illustrators  of  Shakespeare  are  in  question  !  Print, 
paper,  and  binding  are  of  flawless  quality,  and  the 
semi-illustrative  marginal  decoration  or  border  in 
red  is  pleasing  and  does  not  overload  the  page. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  bring  out  in  lavishly- 
illustrated  Holiday  form  Mrs.  Alice  Morse  Earle's 
capital  book  on  "  Stage-Coach  and  Tavern  Days." 
The  author  is  thoroughly  at  home  in  dealing  with 
the  picturesque  days  of  primitive  travel,  and  her 
delightful  pages  form  as  vivid  a  presentment  of  the 
subject  as  anybody  is  likely  to  ask  for.  The  illus- 
trations are  profuse  and  well-executed,  giving  just 
the  aid  needed  to  a  thorough  appreciation  and 
enjoyment  of  the  text.  There  are  pictures  of  old 
inns,  old  coaches,  old  sign-boards,  old  tap-rooms, 
old  turn-pikes,  toll-gates,  sleighs,  milestones,  all 
sorts  of  odds  and  ends  of  tavern  furnishings  and 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


427 


tap-room  utensils  —  pitchers,  punch-bowls,  ladles, 
platters,  flip-glasses,  toddy-sticks,  nutmeg-holders, 
and  what  not,  together  with  some  interesting  cuts 
after  contemporary  prints  that  mirror  faithfully 
the  ways  and  woes  and  comforts  and  hardships  of 
the  traveller  in  what  some  of  us  are  pleased  to  call 
"the  good  old  times."  Those  who  wish  to  trans- 
port themselves  in  fancy  to  the  phase  of  them  in 
question  cannot  do  better  than  procure  a  copy  of 
the  beautiful  pictorial  edition  of  Mrs.  Earle's 
scholarly  work.  The  buckram  cover  shows  a  quaint 
design,  in  red  and  green,  stamped  in  the  centre 
with  a  cut  of  an  old  inn  sign. 

Admirers  of  "  David  Harum,"  and  their  name  is 
legion,  will  be  glad  to  know  that  the  Messrs. 
Appleton  have  issued  a  well-made  pictorial  edition 
of  the  book,  a  copy  of  which  will  answer  nicely  for 
a  Holiday  gift.  The  drawings  are  mainly  by  Mr. 
B.  West  Clinedinst,  a  very  capable  illustrator,  we 
need  hardly  say,  who  has  thoroughly  grasped  the 
humor  of  Mr.  Westcott's  quaint  hero.  A  desirable 
feature  of  the  new  edition  is  an  Introduction,  by 
Mr.  Forbes  Heermans,  embodying  a  sketch  of  Mr. 
Westcott,  of  whom,  also,  a  portrait  is  supplied. 
The  illustrations  consist  of  nine  full-page  plates  and 
a  generous  sprinkling  of  text  cuts,  part  of  which  are 
to  be  credited  to  Mr.  C.  D.  Farrand.  The  pictures 
serve  to  enhance  the  graphic  quality  of  the  text 
(if  that  were  needed)  and  are  enjoyable  in  them- 
selves. 

"  Diedrich  Knickerbocker's "  ever  delectable 
"  History  of  New  York  "  is  issued  in  novel  form 
from  the  press  of  Mr.  R.  H.  Russell.  The  volume 
is  a  substantial  buckram-backed  folio,  of  ample  size, 
yet  alluring  to  the  fancy  of  the  reader  who  wants 
to  read  comfortably  and  at  his  leisure — in  short, 
to  the  reader  looking  forward  to  that  perhaps  most 
satisfactory  and  durable  of  earthly  enjoyments,  a 
winter's  evening  at  the  home  fireside  with  an  agree- 
able book  as  a  companion.  The  touch  of  archaism 
(too  strong  a  word  here,  perhaps)  in  the  make-up 
of  the  volume  in  no  wise  detracts  from  its  inviting 
appearance.  The  pictorial  feature  is  eight  full-page 
drawings  of  rich  humor  and  good  technical  quality, 
which  fully  attest  that  the  artist,  Mr.  Maxfield 
Parrish,  knows  his  Knickerbocker  as  a  New  Yorker 
should.  Mr.  Parrish's  Dutchmen  are  irresistible, 
and  we  wish  Irving  might  have  seen  them. 

The  player  has  advanced  in  repute  (and  we  fancy 
in  behavior)  since  the  day  when  pious  Bishop  Grin- 
dal  called  the  Thespians  an  "idle  sort  of  people, 
which  have  been  infamous  to  all  good  common- 
wealths." "  Society  "  has  opened  its  doors  to  him, 
and  books  unnumbered  are  written  in  his  honor. 
We  have  now  before  us  a  brace  of  rather  sumptu- 
ous volumes,  entitled  severally  "  Twelve  Great 
Actors  "  and  "  Twelve  Great  Actresses  "  (Putnam), 
wherein  Mr.  Edward  Robins  sketches  briefly  and 
entertainingly,  and  with  the  gusto  of  a  confirmed 
"first-nighter,"  the  stage  careers  of  such  notable 
players  (most  of  them  stars  now  passed  from  the 
playhouse  firmament)  as  Garrick,  Macready,  Kean, 


the  Booths,  Sothern,  Wallack,  the  Woffington,  the 
Bracegirdle,  Rachel,  Miss  Cushman,  Miss  Neilson, 
Ristori,  and  so  on.  Mr.  Robins's  books  are  read- 
able, full  of  piquant  anecdote,  and  chatty  as  books 
about  the  stage  should  be ;  and  the  publishers  have 
issued  them  in  tempting  form,  with  liberal  illustra- 
tions. 

Lovers  of  books  about  the  stage  should  not  over- 
look, while  on  their  Christmas-gift-hunting  peri- 
grinations  this  season,  the  two  natty  little  volumes 
presented  by  the  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.,  containing 
sketches  of  Mr.  John  Drew  and  Miss  Ellen  Terry, 
the  first  named  production  by  Mr.  Edward  A. 
Dithmar,  the  second  by  Mr.  Clement  Scott.  Mr. 
Dithmar's  book,  in  particular,  strikes  us  as  a  rather 
superior  bit  of  work  in  its  way  —  capital  as  a  bio- 
graphical study  and  critical  in  tone.  Mr.  Clement 
Scott  is  —  well,  what  he  always  is ;  that  is  to  say, 
the  entertaining  purveyor  of  stage  chat  and  more 
or  less  sentimental  reminiscences  of  his  own  earlier 
play-going  days.  He  tells  us,  in  the  present  vol- 
ume, a  good  deal  about  Miss  Terry  (whose  adorer 
he  has  been  since  he  first  saw  her  away  back  in  the 
— ties)  ;  and  he  also  tells  us  a  good  deal,  more 
suo,  about  Mr.  Scott.  The  volumes  are  neatly 
bound  and  finely  printed,  and  each  contains  a 
generous  array  of  photographic  plates  showing  its 
hero,  or  heroine,  in  favorite  parts. 

Mr.  Henry  James's  "  Little  Tour  in  France  " 
(Houghton)  makes  its  welcome  reappearance  rein- 
forced at  last  by  the  belated  drawings  of  Mr.  Joseph 
Pen n ell,  without  which,  for  some  reason  not  ex- 
plained, it  was  originally  issued.  Says  Mr.  James, 
in  his  new  Preface  :  "  The  little  book  thus  goes 
forth  finally  as  the  picture-book  it  was  intended  to 
be."  We  need  not  again  praise,  nor  characterize 
in  detail,  these  pleasant  travel-papers,  which  have 
so  easily  won  their  way  without  pictorial  aid ;  but, 
of  course,  in  buying  the  book,  a  copy  with  Mr. 
Pennell's  lovely  drawings  is  the  one  to  choose.  The 
binding  shows  a  bold  and  suggestive  cover-design, 
and  the  volume  throughout  is  a  model  of  neatness. 
But  we  should  prefer  a  type  of  somewhat  stronger 
face,  the  print  striking  us  as  a  little  pale  and 
indistinct. 

Mr.  Paul  Leicester  Ford's  sentimental  tale, 
«  Wanted,  A  Match-Maker  "  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.), 
has  its  improbabilities  of  a  psychological  sort,  and 
a  cynical  critic  might  carp  at  its  "  situations."  But 
it  is  touching  enough  and  interesting  enough  as  one 
reads  it.  In  it,  a  daughter  of  New  York's  Four 
Hundred  (aristocratic  and  ornamental,  but  with  a 
heart)  is  brought  into  collision  with  a  hospital  doc- 
tor (useful  and  durable,  but  plebeian,)  through  an 
accident  to  a  newsboy  (pathetic,  but  preternaturally 
"  slangy,")  who  has  been  providentially  run  over 
(Cor.  Fifth  Ave.  and  42d  St.)  by  the  daughter  of 
the  F.  H.'s  brougham,  and  who  turns  out,  of  course, 
to  be  the  Match-Maker  wanted.  The  book  has 
been  beautifully  gotten  up  by  the  publishers,  and  is, 
indeed,  in  point  of  decorations  (mainly  fanciful 
marginal  borders  in  light-green  and  black),  which 


428 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


are  by  Miss  Margaret  Armstrong,  one  of  the 
marked  artistic  successes  of  the  season.  There  are 
also  five  full-plate  illustrations  by  Mr.  Howard 
Chandler  Christy,  who  has  done  well  from  the  art- 
istic point  of  view,  but  has,  we  think,  erred  as  an 
illustrator  in  portraying  the  plain  and  serviceable 
doctor  as  an  immaculate  "  swell "  of  the  Gibson 
variety  —  which  is  (according  to  Mr.  Ford,  who 
ought  to  know,)  precisely  what  he  was  not.  But 
otherwise  Mr.  Christy's  pictures  are  charming  — 
notably  the  one  facing  page  62,  which  is  really  a 
gem  in  its  way.  The  cover-design  is  particularly 
good  in  pattern  and  color,  and  should  tempt  many 
a  one  to  open  and  inspect  this  pretty  book. 

Those  twin  old-time  favorites,  Dickens's  "  Christ- 
mas Carol "  and  "  The  Cricket  on  the  Hearth," 
which  have  brightened  so  many  a  Christmastide 
and  taught  so  many  the  human  value  and  signifi- 
cance of  Christmas  cheer,  come  to  us  this  year  from 
Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  in  dainty  dress  bright 
with  the  green  and  red  of  holly,  and  enriched  with 
many  sympathetic  and  appreciative  drawings  by 
Mr.  Frederick  Simpson  Coburn,  who  has  done 
artistic  and  imaginative  justice  to  those  old  favor- 
ites, Scrooge,  Bob  Cratchit,  Tiny  Tim,  John  Peery- 
bingle,  Tackleton,  Caleb  Plummer,  and  the  rest. 
The  little  volumes  are  irreproachable  in  make-up, 
and  we  have  nothing  but  praise  for  Mr.  Coburn's 
delightful  pictures,  which  lend  quite  an  air  of  new- 
ness to  these  treasured  old  friends. 

"The  Lover's  Library  "  (John  Lane)  is  a  series, 
now  current,  of  tiny  volumes  in  which  it  is  meant  to 
include  all  that  the  great  British  poets  have  written 
about  love,  together  with  an  occasional  volume  of 
prose  on  the  same  interesting  subject,  or  one  of 
modern  verse  which  may  be  deemed  worthy  of  in- 
clusion. We  have  now  before  us  three  volumes  of 
the  series,  Browning's  "  Love  Poems"  and 
Shelley's,  and  Edmond  Holmes's  "  The  Silence  of 
Love "  —  a  dainty  trio  of  pocketable  booklets 
which  any  discriminating  lover  might  be  glad  to 
possess.  Their  advantages  as  gift-books  from  a 
lover  to  the  object  of  his  "  attentions  "  are  too  ob- 
vious to  be  stated,  and  they  certainly  seem  expressly 
got  up  for  this  purpose,  with  their  general  material 
suggestion  of  a  bunch  of  Spring  violets  (floriated 
marginal  designs  in  violet  color,  green  lettering, 
and  so  on).  The  editor's  name  is  not  given,  but 
we  presume  a  correct  text  has  been  aimed  at. 

In  the  exquisite  settings  of  the  brace  of  little 
companion  volumes  entitled  "  Among  the  Great 
Masters  in  Music  "  and  "Among  the  Great  Masters 
in  Literature,"  both  by  Mr.  Walter  Rowlands, 
Messrs.  Dana  Estes  &  Co.  have  fairly  distinguished 
themselves.  In  the  volume  first-named  Mr.  Row- 
lands tells  entertainingly  of  scenes  in  the  lives  of 
St.  Cecilia,  Lulli,  Stradivarius,  Bach,  Mozart, 
Linley,  Haydn,  Beethoven,  Rouget  de  Lisle, 
Paganini,  Chopin,  Wagner,  Liszt,  and  others;  in 
the  second  a  like  treatment  is  accorded  Homer, 
Sappho,  Dante,  Tasso,  Chaucer,  Shakespeare, 
Walton,  Pope,  Sterne,  Johnson,  Moliere,  Voltaire, 


Schiller,  Goethe,  etc.  The  text  is  intelligently 
written,  and  forms  largely  a  running  commentary 
on  the  illustrations,  of  which  there  are  thirty-two 
to  the  volume  —  a  very  liberal  allotment,  it  must 
be  admitted.  These  little  books  are  flawlessly 
made,  and  should  easily  make  their  way. 

Mr.  Clifton  Johnson,  who  will  be  pleasantly  re- 
called by  many  as  the  author  and  illustrator  of  a 
pretty  book  of  last  season  entitled  "  Among  English 
Hedgerows,"  now  puts  forth  a  similar  and  equally 
attractive  volume,  recounting  through  text  and  pic- 
tures his  experiences  as  a  not  unsentimental  stroller 
"Along  French  Byways  "  (Macmillan).  The  illus- 
trations, of  which  there  are  many,  are  mainly  from 
photographs  taken  en  route  by  Mr  Johnson,  who  is 
an  expert  with  the  camera.  They  represent  a  va- 
riety of  passing  scenes  and  incidents  illustrative  of 
French  rural  and  village  life,  and  form  a  pleasant 
running  accompaniment  to  the  text,  in  which  the 
author  tells  in  a  chatty  and  informal  way  the  story 
of  his  rambles.  The  book  is  attractively  bound, 
and  forms  a  suitable  shelf-companion  for  its  pop- 
ular predecessor. 

The  late  James  T.  Fields's  "Yesterdays  with 
Authors "  (Houghton),  a  charming  book  which 
needs  no  introduction  to  our  readers,  makes  its 
reappearance  in  Holiday  dress,  with  a  noble  array 
of  portraits  and  some  letters  in  facsimile  heretofore 
unpublished.  The  binding  shows  an  elaborate  de- 
sign in  green  and  gold,  and  altogether  the  volume 
is  one  of  the  most  suitable  in  our  list  as  a  gift  to  a 
friend  of  literary  tastes. 

A  chaste  edition  of  Tennyson's  "  In  Memoriam," 
of  elegant  yet  severely  simple  make,  and  distin- 
guished in  particular  by  a  typography  that  is  a 
veritable  joy  to  the  sense,  is  published  by  the 
Bankside  Press  of  London,  and  sold  in  America 
by  M.  F.  Mansfield  of  New  York.  The  page  em- 
bellishments are  confined  to  the  rubricated  initials, 
from  the  excellent  designs  of  Miss  Blanche 
McManus ;  and  the  binding  is  of  cream-white 
buckram  of  medium  weave,  delicately  stamped  in 
gilt,  with  title,  date,  and  allegorical  sketch  in  con- 
ventionalized outline.  The  material  throughout  is 
of  high  quality,  and,  for  our  part,  we  are  inclined 
to  pronounce  the  volume  an  ideal  one  for  the  real 
lover  of  this  noble  poem. 

"  Literary  Hearthstones,"  the  collective  title  of 
Marion  Harland's  deservedly  popular  series  of  bio- 
graphical studies  (Putnam),  seems  a  trifle  far- 
fetched when  we  examine  the  volumes  to  discover 
the  special  characteristic  it  is  meant  to  suggest. 
Perhaps  in  the  two  numbers  of  the  series  now 
before  us,  on  John  Knox  and  Hannah  More,  and 
especially  in  the  first  named  of  them,  Mrs.  Terhune 
has  perforce  drifted  away  from  the  special  treat- 
ment of  her  themes  which  she  proposed  to  her- 
self at  the  outstart.  At  all  events,  her  sketch  of 
Knox  is  a  good  biographical  study  of  the  usual 
type,  outlining  the  career  of  its  hero  without  special 
effort  to  set  before  us  the  domestic  or  "  home  fire- 
side "  phase  of  it.  In  Hannah  More,  Mrs.  Terhune 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


429 


has  found  a  theme  well  suited  to  her  pen,  which 
runs  on  with  cheery  feminine  vivacity  in  a  field  so 
well  strewn  with  anecdote  and  chat  about  interest- 
ing people.  Mrs.  Terhune,  it  may  be  added,  has 
not  been  content  with  merely  skimming  the  cream 
from  the  older  narratives — an  easy  process  and  a 
royal  road  to  readability.  Her  studies  evince 
research  and  reflection  ;  and  there  is  always  the 
suggestion  of  a  certain  individuality  of  view.  The 
volumes  (boxed  in  sets  of  two)  are  fully  illustrated, 
and  rank  among  the  most  tempting  and  desirable 
of  the  Holiday  publications  of  the  less  ephemeral 
sort. 

Mr.  Howard  Pyle's  clever  and  imaginative  draw- 
ings add  an  element  of  strength  to  the  comely  vol- 
ume containing  Mr.  Markham's  "  The  Man  with 
the  Hoe,  and  Other  Poems  "  (Doubleday  &  McClure 
Co.).  Mr.  Pyle's  frontispiece  is  a  notably  fine  bit 
of  pictorial  allegory  from  the  artistic  point  of 
view  —  albeit  the  American  farmer,  at  least,  will 
hardly  thank  Mr.  Pyle  for  the  unflattering  intima- 
tions therein  contained.  Besides  Mr.  Pyle's  frontis- 
piece, the  volume  contains  a  reproduction  of  the 
painting  by  Millet  which  inspired  Mr.  Markham's 
somewhat  doleful  production.  Mr.  Pyle's  head 
and  tail  pieces  are  cleverly  done  and  duly  sug- 
gestive. , 

For  those  who  have  not  yet  read,  and  for  those 
who  want  to  re-read,  Parkman's  ever-delightful 
"  Oregon  Trail,"  a  copy  of  Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  & 
Co.'s  edition  of  it,  with  Mr.  Frederic  Remington's 
drawings,  is  decidedly  the  book  to  get.  Mr.  Reming- 
ton is  of  course  the  ideal  illustrator  for  Parkman's 
classic  work.  He  knows  the  Far  West  as  it  was 
when  his  author  journeyed  through  it  in  the  later 
forties  ;  and  the  text,  graphic  and  picturesque  as  it 
is,  finds  a  powerful  help  in  these  spirited  draw- 
ings, whose  merit  lies  mainly  in  the  fact  that  they 
are  strictly  and  literally  true.  There  are  seventy- 
five  of  them,  including  numerous  full-page  plates. 

A  comely  volume  bearing  the  irresistible  title 
"  The  Wedding  Day  in  Literature  and  Art "  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.)  binds  together  in  one  delectable  gar- 
land "  the  best  descriptions  of  weddings  from  the 
works  of  the  world's  leading  novelists  and  poets," 
together  with  reproductions  of  famous  paintings  of 
incidents  of  the  nuptial  day.  The  young  man  who 
has  "  serious  intentions  "  need  surely  look  no  far- 
ther than  this  book  for  an  acceptable  gift  for  the 
object  of  them,  and  for  a  delicate  preliminary  inti- 
mation that  he  has  arrived  at  the  state  of  mind  so 
tersely  described  by  Mr.  Barkis.  The  compiler  of 
the  book,  Mr.  C.  F.  Carter,  is  clearly  a  man  of 
charitable  mind  ;  for  he  states  that  his  work  has 
been  done  partly  "  in  order  that  those  who  cannot 
or  will  not  marry  may  at  least  contemplate  the 
conjugal  felicity  of  others  from  as  many  points  of 
view  as  possible."  This  is  kind,  and  attests  more- 
over Mr.  Carter's  faith  in  that  sweetness  of  temper 
and  capacity  for  contemplating  ungrudgingly  the 
bliss  of  others  for  which  old  bachelors  are  justly 
famous  the  world  over.  The  authors  named  in  Mr. 


Carter's  table  of  contents  are  too  numerous  to  be 
even  exemplified  here  ;  but  why  was  the  wedding  of 
Mr.  Pip's  legal  friend  Mr.  Wemmick  (surely  one 
of  the  most  unique  events  of  the  kind  in  literature) 
omitted?  The  pictures  are  well  chosen  and  well 
reproduced,  and  the  volume,  with  its  notably  grace- 
ful cover-design,  should  make  a  strong  bid  for  pop- 
ular favor. 

Four  of  the  "  Pre-Raphaelite  Ballads  "  of  William 
Morris  have  been  selected  for  decorative  treatment 
by  Mr.  H.  M.  O'Kane,  and  the  resulting  publica- 
tion, which  bears  the  imprint  of  the  A.  Wessels  Co., 
is  a  small  volume  so  charming  that  we  linger  over 
its  pages  with  unalloyed  satisfaction.  The  illus- 
trative material  consists  of  borders,  full-page  draw- 
ings, and  rubricated  initials,  all  in  keeping  with  the 
Kelmscott  type  and  the  old-world  feeling  of  the 
text.  The  book  is  in  boards  with  a  linen  back,  and 
the  edition  is  limited. 

A  most  engaging  and  prettily  made  little  volume 
of  diversified  literary  chat  is  Dr.  Theodore  F. 
Wolfe's  "Literary  Rambles  at  Home  and  Abroad  " 
(Lippincott).  The  book  is  complete  in  itself,  but 
the  author  nevertheless  wishes  it  to  be  appraised  in 
connection  with  the  preceding  volumes  to  which  it 
is  related.  Dr.  Wolfe  has  derived  the  material 
for  the  present  volume  from  sojourns  in  the 
places  described,  and  from  conversations  or  corre- 
spondence with  the  authors  mentioned  or  their 
surviving  friends.  In  his  opening  chapters  Dr. 
Wolfe  chats  pleasantly  of  Poe,  Audubon,  Irving, 
Willis,  Mr.  Stedman,  Stephen  Crane,  Mr.  Stockton, 
Walt  Whitman,  Cooper,  and  others  ;  then,  passing 
over  sea,  he  reviews  the  memories  and  associations 
that  enwrap  Stratford-on-Avon,  Harrow,  the  Ayr- 
shire Burnsland,  and  the  Lake  Country;  The  pages 
on  Byron  are  unusually  interesting.  The  volume 
is  charmingly  illustrated,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
and  daintiest  of  the  Christmas  books. 

That  fine  perennial,  "  Lorna  Doone,"  blooms 
again  with  new  outward  attractions  as  regularly  as 
the  Holiday  season  rolls  round.  Those  who  have 
not  yet  read  this  strong  novel  will  do  well  to  procure 
a  copy  of  Harpers'  new  one-volume  edition  of  it, 
enriched  with  drawings  by  Mr.  W.  Small  and  with 
views  of  the  Doone  country  from  the  photographs 
taken  expressly  for  the  purpose  by  Mr.  Clifton 
Johnson,  whose  name  is  a  warrant  for  the  excellence 
of  his  work.  The  volume  contains  560  close-printed 
pages,  and  its  quality  is  surprisingly  good  consider- 
ing the  moderate  price  asked  for  it. 

Mrs.  Clara  Erskine  Clement's  acceptable  little 
monograph  on  "Heroines  of  the  Bible  in  Art" 
(L.  C.  Page  &  Co.),  with  its  thirty  odd  illustrations 
after  famous  painters,  ancient  and  modern,  forms 
a  pretty  gift-book  which  is  timely  in  theme  and 
sufficiently  decorative  in  make-up.  The  dainty 
cover  in  light-blue  with  symbolical  design  in  white 
and  gold  calls  for  a  word  of  praise. 

Three  new  volumes  in  the  familiar  "  Thumb 
Nail  Series  "  (The  Century  Co.)  present  respect- 
ively a  sheaf  of  selections  from  Epictetus,  edited 


430 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


by  Mr.  Benjamin  E.  Smith ;  Dr.  John  Brown's 
"  Rab  and  his  Friends,"  with  an  Introduction  by 
Mr.  Andrew  Lang;  "Motifs,"  by  Mr.  E.  Scott 
O'Connor,  a  volume  of  passing  reflections,  subtly 
conceived  and  daintily  worded,  with  an  Introduc- 
tion by  Miss  Agnes  Repplier.  For  a  pretty  and 
inexpensive  gift  to  a  friend  of  refined  taste,  one  of 
these  diminutive  beautifully  printed  and  chastely 
decorated  volumes  would  answer  nicely. 

A  rich  and  racy  flavor  of  Dixie  Land  pervades 
the  flat  folio  volume  entitled  "  Down  South  "  (R.  H. 
Russell).  The  book  is  virtually  an  album  of  photo- 
graphic pictures  illustrative  of  negro  life  and  char- 
acter in  the  rural  districts  of  the  remoter  South ; 
and  the  illustrator,  Mr.  Rudolph  Eickmeyer,  Jr., 
must  be  credited  with  unusual  good  taste  in  his 
selection  of  subjects,  as  well  as  with  much  skill  in 
the  use  of  the  camera.  A  quiet  humor  pervades 
the  pictures  generally ;  but  there  is  a  commendable 
absence  of  the  burlesque  element  which  caricatur- 
ists of  negro  life  have  accentuated  ad  nauseam.  In 
fact,  the  book  is  a  delightful  one  in  its  way — a 
quiet,  truthful  reflection  of  a  phase  of  American 
life  now  fading  fast  into  history.  A  thoughtful 
preface  is  provided  by  Mr.  Joel  Chandler  Harris. 

"  Omarians  "  will  find  their  account  this  season 
in  the  artistic  production  entitled  "  The  Book  of 
Omar  and  Rub&iya't"  (M.  F.  Mansfield),  a  pictor- 
ial and  literary  miscellany  comprising  among  other 
unique  features  reprints  of  selected  addresses  made 
at  the  dinners  of  the  Omar  Khayyam  Club  of 
London,  facsimiles  of  menu  and  guest  cards,  etc. 
The  volume,  a  royal  octavo  of  about  a  hundred 
pages,  is  beautifully  printed  from  type,  and  the 
edition  is  limited  to  a  thousand  copies.  Mention 
is  deservedly  made,  by  one  of  the  contributors  who 
writes  of  Omar's  translators,  of  the  too-little-known 
version  of  Mr.  J.  L.  Garner,  an  American.  Mr. 
Garner's  fine  quatrain, 

"  The  violets  that  by  this  river  grow 
Sprang  from  some  lip  here  buried  long  ago ; 
And  tread  thou  lightly  on  this  tender  green, 
Who  sleepeth  here  so  still  thou  ne'er  wilt  know," 

is  pronounced  a  "much  better"  rendering  than 
the  corresponding  stanza  by  Fitz-Gerald,  a  judgment 
which  comparison  easily  bears  out.  Mr.  Garner's 
little  book  should  be  reprinted.  The  volume  under 
review  is  of  considerable  artistic  pretensions  out- 
wardly, and  contains  several  illustrations,  among 
them  a  frontispiece  on  vellum,  and  a  portrait  of 
Fitz-Gerald.  In  the  cover-design  and  end-papers, 
the  skill  in  decoration  of  Miss  Blanche  McManus 
is  again  in  evidence. 

"  A  fine  quotation,"  says  Roux,  "  is  a  diamond 
on  the  finger  of  a  man  of  wit."  A  shining  collection 
of  these  gems  may  be  found  in  the  well-appointed 
volume  entitled  "  The  World's  Best  Proverbs " 
(Laird  &  Lee).  The  compiler,  Mr.  George  Howard 
Opdyke,  has  taken  unusual  pains  to  marshal  his 
selections  in  a  convenient  and  even  logical  way. 
The  proverbs  are  grouped  by  subjects  alphabetic- 
ally arranged,  with  the  happy  results  that  the  par- 


ticular maxim  one  may  chance  to  want  is  easily 
found,  and  that  a  measure  of  continuity  is  imparted 
to  the  text.  The  book  is  ornately  bound  with  a  view 
to  its  suitableness  as  a  gift,  and  contains  several 
full-page  illustrations. 

Mr.  Thomas  Nelson  Page's  story  of  "  The  Old 
Gentleman  in  the  Black  Stock  "  is  a  good  one  for 
pictorial  exploitation,  as  Mr.  Howard  Chandler 
Christy's  baker's  dozen  of  tinted  drawings  in 
Scribner's  new  edition  of  the  book  attest.  The 
story  has  been  somewhat  enlarged  by  Mr.  Page 
for  this  edition,  and  we  should  be  quite  willing  to 
see  it  enlarged  once  more  in  the  future,  for  it  is 
one  of  the  author's  best. 

Miss  Sarah  Williams's  "  Through  the  Year  with 
Birds  and  Poets  "  (Lee  &  Shepard)  is  an  anthology 
of  American  bird-poems,  the  selections  being  classi- 
fied according  to  the  seasons  of  the  year,  and  sub- 
divided by  months.  The  conception  of  the  book  is 
a  happy  one,  and  it  has  been  well  carried  out. 
Ninety-nine  American  authors  are  represented,  and 
there  are  242  poems  and  extracts  from  poems,  the 
whole  making  a  volume  of  350  pages.  The  full- 
page  drawings  of  Mr.  Walter  M.  Hardy,  though  a 
little  stiff  and  formal,  are  clear  and  accurate,  and 
serve  to  illustrate  rather  than  merely  adorn. 

For  a  friend  of  a  pious  turn,  the  rather  ornate 
but  substantial  volume  entitled  "  The  Four  Evan- 
gelists in  Classic  Art "  (Whittaker)  should  form  a 
welcome  and  an  edifying  gift.  The  editor  of  the 
work,  Miss  Rachel  A.  La  Fontaine,  has  exercised  due 
care  and  circumspection  in  selecting  and  arranging 
the  somewhat  multifarious  writings,  in  prose  and 
poetry,  that  form  its  content.  The  evangelical 
chronicles  are  rich  in  subject-matter  for  the  religious 
painter,  and  the  editor  has  had  the  advantage  of  a 
wide  field  of  selection  in  choosing  her  illustrations. 
These  comprise  many  well  executed  plates  in  half- 
tone, after  representative  artists,  ancient  and  mod- 
ern. The  volume  is  both  seasonable  in  content  and 
pleasing  in  form. 

Professor  H.  Knackfuss's  learned  monograph 
on  Albrecht  Diirer  (Lemcke  &  Buechner),  trans- 
lated by  Mr.  Campbell  Dodgson,  and  illustrated  by 
134  reproductions  of  Dilrer's  works,  is  an  art 
work  of  genuine  worth  that  will  be  much  prized  by 
serious  students  of  the  Nuremburg  master  and  his 
powerful  productions.  This  thoroughly  good 
though  inexpensive  book  is  the  latest  number  in 
the  series  of  monographs  prepared  under  the  super- 
vision of  Prof.  Knackfuss  and  designed  to  form 
when  complete  a  history  of  the  great  periods  of 
art,  though  each  volume  is  complete  in  itself.  Mr. 
Dodgson's  good  work  as  translator  calls  for  special 
commendation. 

That  old  Greek  fairy-tale,  ever  fresh  and  fair,  of 
"  Eros  and  Psyche,"  gracefully  re- told,  after  Apu- 
leius,  by  Dr.  Paul  Carus,  forms  the  basis  and  motif 
of  the  artistic  embellishment  of  one  of  the  prettiest 
of  the  smaller  publications  of  the  season.  Mr.  Paul 
Thumann's  exquisite  series  of  drawings  illustrative 
of  the  tale  are  reproduced  in  the  volume,  and  form 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


431 


its  distinctive  pictorial  feature.  Good  taste,  and  a 
sense  of  the  classic  spirit,  are  everywhere  shown  in 
the  make-up  of  the  little  book,  which  will  surely 
find  numerous  friends.  (The  Open  Court  Publish- 
ing Co.) 

Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers  reissue  their  fine 
edition  of  Charles  Reade's  masterpiece,  "  The  Clois- 
ter and  the  Hearth,"  with  the  profuse  and  admir- 
able illustrations  by  Mr.  William  Martin  Johnson, 
which  must  be  seen,  and  even  closely  inspected,  to 
be  appreciated.  The  work  is  easily  one  of  the  best 
publications  of  the  kind  ever  produced,  and  its 
reappearance  is  welcome. 

Two  prime  old  favorites  in  new  and  pleasing  but 
comparatively  inexpensive  dress  —  "  Ivanhoe  "  and 
"John  Halifax,  Gentleman"  —  come  to  us  from 
the  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  In  each,  the  more  note- 
worthy added  feature  is  the  series  of  twelve  colored 
illustrations,  those  in  "  Ivanhoe  "  being  the  work 
of  Mr.  Charles  E.  Brock,  those  in  "John  Halifax" 
of  Messrs.  Cooke,  Fisher,  and  Tilney.  All  the 
plates  have  the  effect  of  water-color  drawings,  and 
most  of  them  are  cleverly  and  intelligently  done. 
In  the  "  John  Halifax  "  there  is  also  a  medallion 
portrait  of  Mrs.  Craik,  and  a  photographic  view  in 
Old  Tewksbury.  The  volumes  are  printed  and 
bound  alike,  and  are  evidently  meant  to  be  shelf 
companions. 

Dr.  Johnson's  "  Rasselas,"  gotten  out  in  neat  and 
convenient  form  by  Messrs.  James  Pott  &  Co.,  is 
the  promising  initial  volume  in  the  "Gem  Classics  " 
series  which  will  include  such  works  as  the  "Religio 
Medici,"  Beckford's  "  Vathek,"  Mrs.  Gatty's  "Par- 
ables from  Nature,"  etc.  We  understand  that  about 
seven  volumes  of  the  series  are  now  ready.  The 
volume  is  a  duodecimo,  bound  in  limp  Venetian 
morocco,  and  contains  a  good  frontispiece  portrait 
reproduced  in  photogravure.  Its  moderate  price 
considered,  the  set  is  unusually  well  made  and 
attractive. 

Mrs.  Maud  Wilder  Goodwin's  graceful  colonial 
romance, "  The  Head  of  a  Hundred  "  (Little,  Brown 
&  Co.),  which  we  have  already  had  occasion  to 
commend,  makes  its  appearance  in  tempting  Holi- 
day dress,  and  with  a  half-dozen  illustrations  (the 
frontispiece  in  colors)  from  various  hands.  The 
volume  forms  a  desirable  gift-book  of  the  more  in- 
expensive class. 

Those  popular  companion  books  "  Elizabeth  and 
her  German  Garden  "  and  "  The  Solitary  Summer  " 
reappear  boxed  together  as  a  set  and  with  added 
material  attractions,  notably  twenty-eight  beautiful 
photogravures,  fourteen  to  the  volume,  which  dis- 
close at  least  the  home  surroundings  of  the  author, 
but  leave  us  still  guessing  at  her  identity.  The 
author's  children  appear  in  a  few  of  the  pictures, 
but  even  this  possible  clue  proves  deceptive,  for 
the  faces  of  the  little  ones  are  in  each  case  either 
hidden  or  partly  hidden  through  one  pretty  device 
or  another.  The  remaining  plates  give  some  charm- 
ing glimpses  of  the  garden  and  of  the  interior  of 
the  castle.  (Macmillan  Co.) 


Redolent  of  the  quaint  humor  and  simple  pathos 
of  the  old-fashioned  plantation  "  darky  "  are  the 
twenty-four  songs,  each  with  its  accompanying 
drawing,  in  Howard  Weeden's  "  Songs  of  the  Old 
South"  (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.).  The  pictures, 
eight  of  which  are  printed  in  colors,  show  with  a 
truth  which  there  is  no  mistaking  the  Southern 
negro  of  the  old  time,  and  the  book  generally  is 
made  up  with  a  view  to  the  demands  of  the  Holi- 
day season. 

"  Loving  Imprints :  The  Mother's  Album  "  (Lee 
&  Shepard),  compiled  by  Mrs.  Therese  Goulston, 
is  essentially  a  book  of  carefully  prepared  and  ar- 
ranged blank  forms  for  registering  important  family 
events — births,  betrothals,  marriages,  anniver- 
saries, deaths,  and  so  forth  —  for  six  generations. 
Provision  for  a  pictorial  element  is  made  in  the 
spaces  reserved  for  unmounted  photographs.  The 
volume  is  the  result  of  the  editor's  personal  need 
of  such  a  book,  and  it  appears  to  be  as  practical  and 
convenient  as  it  is  tastily  got  up. 

Abundant  good  taste  is  displayed  in  the  get-up 
of  Messrs.  Dana  Estes  &  Co.'s  delicately  bound 
volume  entitled  "In  the  Sweetness  of  Childhood." 
The  compiler  of  the  book,  Miss  Grace  Hartshorne, 
has  aimed  to  include  in  it  the  best  available  poems 
on  the  theme  of  childhood,  omitting  however  some 
of  the  most  hackneyed  pieces  in  order  to  make 
room  for  selections  which  seem  to  her  as  meritori- 
ous, if  less  widely  known,  than  the  ones  omitted. 
There  are  sixteen  full-page  illustrations,  mostly 
after  modern  painters,  which  reflect  the  spirit,  at 
least,  of  the  text. 

Among  recent  successes  in  fiction,  prominent 
place  must  be  accorded  those  stirring  and  original 
tales  by  "Ralph  Connor"  entitled  "Black  Rock" 
and  "The  Sky  Pilot."  The  sales  of  both  books 
have  passed  the  50,000  mark,  and  their  popularity 
shows  no  present  signs  of  abatement.  A  welcome 
is  therefore  assured  in  advance  to  the  handsome 
illustrated  editions  issued  for  the  Holidays  by  the 
publishers,  Fleming  H.  Revell  Co.  The  eight 
drawings  contained  in  each  volume  are  the  work 
of  Mr.  Louis  Rhead,  who  has  been  fairly  successful 
in  depicting  the  vivid  scenes  of  the  narrative.  The 
cover  designs  are  uncommonly  striking  and  effec- 
tive. 

That  romantic  old  favorite  "  The  Scottish  Chiefs  " 
(Button)  appears  in  new  and  pleasing  garb,  the 
main  feature  of  which  is  Mr.  T.  H.  Robinson's 
copious  illustrations,  including  a  colored  frontis- 
piece. The  character  of  "  Wight  Wallace "  has 
not  gained  through  the  researches  of  later  histori- 
ans ;  and  it  is  pleasant  to  turn  the  page  back  and 
view  Scotia's  hero  in  the  glamor  of  Miss  Porter's 
time-honored  pages.  The  attractive  cover  design 
in  colors  deserves  a  word  of  praise. 

Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers  reprint  their  ornate 
Holiday  edition  of  "  Daisy  Miller"  with  the  famil- 
iar drawings  by  Mr.  Harry  W.  McVickar.  A  tasty 
lilac  binding  freshens  up  this  favorite  of  a  past 
season,  which  should  find  many  admirers  this  year. 


432 


THE   DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

L 

Books  for  the  coming  generation  reflect  the  luxury 
of  the  age  to  an  extent  which  takes  from  them  some- 
thing of  their  American  flavor.  This  is  especially  true 
of  the  tales  of  school  and  contemporaneous  life  pro- 
vided for  the  reading  of  the  year.  Not  so  long  ago 
the  boys  we  read  about  were  in  comfortable  pecuniary 
circumstances,  —  nothing  more.  When  they  wished 
something  by  way  of  toy  or  implement  for  sport,  they 
made  it  themselves  whenever  possible,  or  earned  and 
saved  money  for  purchasing  it,  being  self-dependent  in 
either  case.  Now,  the  boys  seem  to  have  many  more 
things  done  for  them.  Their  apparatus  for  enjoyment 
has  been  increased,  though  it  is  very  doubtful  if  any 
higher  degree  of  pleasure  has  come  with  it.  The 
schools  have  boys  with  longer  purses  among  their  stu- 
dents, and  the  hero  who  begins  as  a  poor,  unnoticed  lad 
with  funny  clothing  made  by  the  village  tailor,  devel- 
ops into  the  very  young  man  of  the  world  under  the 
influence  of  the  youths  of  wealth  and  fashion  who  asso- 
ciate with  him. 

The  subject  of  war  is  holding  its  prominent  place  of 
the  last  year  or  two,  so  far  as  the  books  for  children  are 
concerned.  Many  of  these  deal  with  events  now  pass- 
ing, such  as  the  wars  in  South  Africa  and  the  Philip- 
pines. Many  others  go  back  to  the  small  beginnings 
of  the  nation,  as  if  seeking  an  antidote  to  the  greater 
extravagance  in  expenditure  of  modern  life  even  while 
they  provide  the  nation  with  an  historical  perspective 
and  its  inhabitants  with  almost  unsuspected  ancestors. 
The  highest  praise,  that  of  imitation,  continues  to  be 
paid  the  creations  of  the  late  "  Lewis  Carroll,"  as  seen 
in  the  multiplicity  of  books  of  the  "  Alice  in  Wonder- 
land" kind.  Nature,  too,  occupies  a  growing  part  in 
the  instruction  of  the  young,  —  the  less  we  live  in 
nature  the  more  there  being  to  tell  about  it  for  purposes 
of  information.  Of  books  which  serve  a  useful  end  in 
history,  and  similar  works,  there  is  a  plenty  ;  but  a 
lack  of  real  literary  work  is  to  be  complained  of,  and 
the  heroes  of  peace  play  a  rather  insignificant  part  in 
comparison  with  the  heroes  of  war.  The  strenuous 
life's  the  thing,  apparently,  though  the  very  books  which 
tell  of  the  past  prove  that  we  Americans  have  never 
required  any  encouragement  to  that  end.  The  more 
frequent  appearance  of  the  Indian  in  boys'  books  this 
year  tells  the  same  story. 

stories  of  Beginning  with  books  that  have  a  value 

European  chiefly    historical,   the    palm   is    to    be 

history.  awarded  this  year  to  "The  Princess's 

Story  Book"  (Longmans),  compiled  and  edited  by 
Mr.  G.  Laurence  Gomme,  with  an  abundance  of 
pictures  from  the  clever  pen  of  Miss  Helen  Stratton. 
It  is  the  fourth  of  a  series  dealing  with  English  roy- 
alty and  its  scions,  starting  from  the  Norman  Conquest 

and  coming  down  to  the  reign  of  Victoria  the  Good 

The  thousandth  anniversary  of  the  death  of  the  Queen's 
most  illustrious  ancestor  brings  forth  Dr.  Eva  March 
Tappan's  "  In  the  Days  of  Alfred  the  Great "  (Lee  & 
Shepard),  with  pictures  by  Mr.  Kennedy.  The  author 
is  a  careful  student  of  history  in  the  fullest  sense  of 
the  word,  and  has  been  enabled  to  add  some  excellent 
new  anecdotes  of  a  most  interesting  life  to  those  already 
familiar.  —  Another  anniversary,  and  the  consequent 
attention  paid  to  the  career  of  Cromwell,  brings  before 
the  public  Captain  F.  S.  Brereton's  "In  the  King's 
Service  "  (imported  by  Scribner),  a  rattling  good  tale 


of  Cromwell's  invasion  of  Ireland  with  the  Parliament- 
ary army,  the  hero,  Dick  Granville,  being  on  the  other 
side.  —  With  "In  the  Irish  Brigade,  a  Tale  of  the 
War  in  Flanders  and  Spain  "  (Scribner),  our  esteemed 
friend,  Mr.  George  Alfred  Henty,  makes  his  fifth  or 
sixth  score  bow  to  the  younger  reading  population, 
with  a  stirring  story  of  the  early  eighteenth  century, 
when  England  was  warring  through  the  Low  Coun- 
tries and  Uncle  Toby  left  it  of  record  that  the  army 
swore  terribly.  Mr.  Charles  M.  Sheldon,  curiously 
duplicating  the  American  clergyman's  name,  provides 
the  striking  illustrations.  —  Of  a  milder  and  purely 
feminine  sort,  yet  with  its  interest  largely  in  the  his- 
torical atmosphere  which  envelops  the  characters,  Miss 
Sarah  Tytler  (Henrietta  Keddie)  writes  "  Queen  Char- 
lotte's Maidens  "  (Scribner),  a  picturesque  romance  for 
older  girls,  but  one  to  be  commended  on  many  ac- 
counts. —  Mr.  Henty,  never  to  be  easily  disposed  of  in 
such  a  reckoning  as  this,  appears  again  with  "  Out  with 
Garibaldi,  a  Story  of  the  Liberation  of  Italy  "  (Scrib- 
ner), a  book  which  brings  the  wish  that  wars  for  free- 
dom were  more  frequent  in  the  real  and  the  literary 
world  alike. 

American  history  On  the  hither  side  of  the  Atlantic,  his- 
before  the  torical  subjects  multiply.  Issued  under 

Revolution.  jne  auspices  of  the  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars,  "  The  Century  Book  of  the  American  Colonies  " 
(Century  Co.)  is  a  most  interesting  account  of  a  jour- 
ney as  personally  conducted  by  Mr.  Elbridge  S.  Brooks, 
extending  from  Maine  to  Louisiana  by  way  of  Florida, 
in  which  the  young  tourists  have  their  cup  of  inquisi- 
tiveness  regarding  the  early  life  of  the  country  filled 
almost  to  overflowing.  Plentiful  illustrations  from 
photographs,  and  a  decorative  cover  by  Mr.  T.  Guern- 
sey Moore,  enhance  the  value  of  the  book,  which  is  a 
companion  to  a  similar  work  treating  of  Revolutionary 
scenes  published  two  years  ago.  —  "  The  House-Boat 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  ;  or,  Following  Frontenac  "  (Lee 
&  Shepard)  is  a  story  of  similar  design,  and,  also,  the 
companion  volume  to  a  previous  work,  from  the  pleas- 
ant pen  of  Dr.  Everett  T.  Tomlinson.  The  same  boys, 
now  a  year  older,  who  followed  the  trail  of  Cartier  a 
twelvemonth  ago,  are  now  engaged  with  Frontenac's 
eventful  history  in  the  Canadian  wilderness.  It  is 
worthily  done.  —  As  the  last  of  the  four  books  of  the 
"Young  Puritans"  series  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.), "  The 
Young  and  Old  Puritans  of  Hatfield,"  written  by  Mrs. 
Mary  P.  Wells  Smith  and  illustrated  by  Miss  Bertha 
C.  Day,  proves  the  wealth  of  material  which  lies  in  the 
annals  of  every  New  England  town  of  early  founda- 
tion, here  containing  a  most  exciting  account  of  the 
capture  and  rescue  of  some  of  the  inhabitants  of  Hat- 
field  at  the  end  of  King  Philip's  war.  —  For  still 
smaller  children,  Miss  Edith  Robinson  has  written  "  A 
Little  Puritan's  First  Christmas"  (Page),  the  little 
Puritan  being  the  quaintly  old-fashioned  Betty  Sewall, 
as  she  appears  in  her  learned  father's  pious  and  juri- 
dical pages.  The  drawings,  by  Mrs.  Amy  M.  Sacker, 
include  a  portrait  of  the  small  heroine. 

Revolutionary  times  are  abundantly  com- 
Taies  of  memorated  in  this  season's  books  for  the 

""•  young.  «  Boston  Boys  of  1 775 ;  or,  When 
We  Beseiged  Boston  "  (Estes)  is  the  first  of  a  number 
of  volumes  which  lay  Mr.  James  Otis  under  the  impu- 
tation of  being  a  syndicate,  so  assiduous  and  so  prolific 
are  his  literary  labors.  A  good  account  of  the  fighting 
at  Bunker  Hill  is  the  most  striking  incident  of  a  book 
which  serves  very  well  to  reproduce  the  feeling  of  those 


1900.] 


THE   DIAL 


433 


days.  The  foundation  for  the  story,  however,  rests  in 
the  unproved  reason  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Church.  Those 
who  look  in  vain  for  the  tale  of  the  Boston  boys  who 
told  General  Gage  what  they  thought  of  his  soldiers 
will  be  relieved  in  knowing  that  this  happened  the  year 
before  Mr.  Otis  opens  his  narrative.  —  "  In  the  Hands 
of  the  Red  Coats "  (Houghton)  is  another  of  Dr. 
Everett  T.  Tomlinson's  accounts  of  life  in  New  Jersey 
during  the  war,  founded  on  the  veracious  chronicle  of 
Ebenezer  Fox  and  fully  described  in  its  sub-title  as 
"  A  Tale  of  the  Jersey  Ship  and  the  Jersey  Shore  in 
the  Days  of  the  Revolution."  The  enormities  of  the 
British  prison  ships  deserve  setting  forth  at  this  time, 
and  Dr.  Tomlinson  is  to  be  commended  for  his  work, 
though  he  has  ameliorated  the  British  excesses.  The 
spirited  pictures  in  the  book  are  by  Mr.  Frank  E. 

Schoonover "  Scouting   for    Washington  "    (Little, 

Brown,  &  Co.)  is  another  of  Mr.  John  Preston  True's 
books  for  boys,  the  scenes  being  laid  in  the  South,  and 
Sumter  and  Tarleton  being  prominent  in  the  action  of 
the  time.  Mr.  Clyde  O.  De  Land  provides  the  illus- 
trations, and  the  work  is  particularly  valuable  as  ac- 
counting for  the  fighting  in  a  part  of  the  country  which 
has  been  neglected  by  most  writers — Mr.  T.  W.  Hall's 
"  Heroes  of  Our  Revolution  "  (Stokes)  is  really  a  con- 
nected history  of  the  entire  period  of  armed  resistance 
to  Great  Britain,  plentifully  filled  with  drawings  by 
Mr.  W.  B.  Gilbert  and  others.  Fighting  on  the  sea 
here  obtains  a  part  of  the  prominence  it  deserves. 
From  the  Mr.  James  Otis  rescues  a  most  brilliant 
Revolution  to  period  of  our  naval  history  from  ill- 
the  Civil  War.  deserved  desuetude  by  his  stirring  tale, 
"  With  Preble  at  Tripoli,  a  Story  of  old  Ironsides  and 
the  Tripolitan  War"  (Wilde).  The  account  of  the 
loss  of  the  "  Philadelphia,"  and  her  subsequent 
destruction  by  the  most  distinguished  "  cutting  out " 
party  in  our  history  of  war  afloat,  abundantly  justify 
the  book's  existence.  —  Mr.  Otis  also  prepares,  from 
private  papers  in  his  possession,  another  volume  of  the 
"Privateers  of  1812"  series,  "The  Armed  Ship 
America  "  (Estes),  an  account  of  an  almost  forgotten 
private  venture  of  our  old  naval  militia,  and  one  which 
explains  why  England  grew  so  anxious  to  have  the 
second  war  of  independence  come  to  an  end.  The 
pictures  are  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Kennedy,  strict  attention 
being  paid  to  historical  exactitude Another  little- 
remembered  incident  in  our  national  growth  is  revived 
by  Mr.  Elbridge  S.  Brooks  in  "The  Godson  of  Lafayette, 
a  Story  of  the  Days  of  Webster  and  Jackson  "  (Wilde). 
It  deals  with  the  curious  delusion  of  the  Rev.  Eleazar 
Williams,  who  thought  himself  the  lost  Dauphin  of 
France,  and  is  here  made  to  persuade  the  hero  of  the 
tale  into  discipleship.  The  drawings  for  the  book  are 
by  Mr.  Frank  T.  Merrill,  and  it  forms  the  second  vol- 
ume of  the  "  Sons  of  the  Republic  "  series.  —  In  his 
"  Brethren  of  the  Coast "  (Scribner),  Mr.  Kirk  Munroe 
has  preserved  the  memory  of  Latrobe,  the  famous 
pirate  of  the  Gulf,  in  a  vivid  narrative  enhanced  by  the 
drawings  of  Mr.  Rufus  F.  Zogbanm.  The  opportunity 
to  use  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,' in  which  Latrobe's 
band  bore  so  gallant  a  part,  is  reserved,  we  hope,  for 
a  sequel. 

From  the  Among  the  books  of  war  and    history, 

Civil  War  to  only  one  has  to  do  with  the  civil  strife 
the  Philippine*,  between  the  States.  Mr.  Byron  A.  Dunn 
carries  on  the  fortunes  of  Captain  Shackelford  and  his 
friends  for  almost  four  years  more,  with  his  pleasant 
account  of  the  "  Battling  for  Atlanta  "  (McClnrg) .  The 


The  war  in 
South  Africa. 


story  has  all  the  sincerity  of  history  and  the  accuracy 
of  an  account  by  an  eye-witness.  —  So,  too,  the  war  for 
the  liberation  of  Cuba  seems  to  have  lost  its  popularity. 
"  In  Defense  of  the  Flag  "  (Lothrop)  is  concerned  with 
the  adventures  of  a  boy  in  Spain  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  with  the  United  States,  written  by  Mr.  Elbridge 
S.  Brooks  in  his  well-known  manner.  The  young  hero 
is  on  Admiral  Cervera's  ship  when  he  crosses  the 
Atlantic,  and  views  the  sea  fight  of  July  3,  1898,  off 
Santiago,  from  the  other  side.  The  story  is  most 
interesting.  —  "  The  Adventures  of  a  Boy  Reporter  " 
(Page)  is  the  work  of  Mr.  Harry  Steele  Morrison,  be- 
ginning with  a  journey  to  Europe  and  ending  with  the 
reporter  in  the  Philippines,  where  be  has  a  series  of 
experiences,  including  several  with  General  Agninaldo. 
Excellent  pictures  have  been  made  for  the  book  by  Mr. 
L.  J.  Bridgman.  —  Mr.  W.  Irving  Hancock,  for  some 
time  the  correspondent  of  "  Frank  Leslie's  Weekly  " 
in  the  Philippines,  has  embodied  some  of  his  informa- 
tion gained  there  in  a  book  for  boys  called  "  Aguinaldo's 
Hostage ;  or,  Dick  Carson's  Captivity  among  the 
Filipinos"  (Lee  &  Shepard).  The  life  of  the  hero 
is  saved  by  the  patriot  leader  in  person,  and  there  is 
much  that  is  lifelike  in  the  story.  — "  The  Young 
Bandmaster "  (Mershon  Co.)  is  the  fourth  of  the 
"  Flag  of  Freedom "  series,  and  Captain  Ralph 
Bone  hi  11  its  author.  The  story  is  concerned  with  the 
fortunes  of  a  non-combatant  at  the  capture  of  San 
Juan  and  El  Caney. 

Mr.  Henty  comes  into  the  living  present 
in  his  "  With  Buller  in  Natal  ;  or,  A 
Born  Leader  "  (Scribner),  illustrated  by 
the  skillful  pencil  of  Mr.  W.  Rainey.  It  is  written 
from  the  strongest  possible  British  point  of  view,  and 
so  glosses  over  the  accounts  given  in  America  of  Gen- 
eral Buller's  movements  that  it  hardly  seems  possible 
Mr.  Henty  can  be  serious.  —  Captain  F.  S.  Brereton  is 
more  fortunate  in  his  choice  of  material  when  he  writes 
"  With  Rifle  and  Bayonet,  a  Tale  of  the  Boer  War  " 
(Scribner),  since  he  gives  his  hero,  Jack  Somerton,  a 
chance  to  be  at  the  relief  of  Mafeking  after  that  fine 
display  of  heroism  and  endurance.  —  Mr.  Edward 
Stratemeyer  writes  and  Mr.  A.  Burnham  Shute  illus- 
trates "  Between  Boer  and  Briton  "  (Lee  &  Shepard), 
the  story  of  two  cousins,  one  an  English  boy  and  the 
other  an  American,  who  get  into  the  middle  of  things 
in  South  Africa  and  go  through  the  war  as  far  as  the 
fall  of  Pretoria.  —  Mr.  James  Otis's  "Fighting  for 
the  Empire  "  (Estes)  is  rather  a  veracious  history  of 
the  death  of  the  two  Dutch  Republics.  The  nature  of 
the  work  forces  the  author  to  rely  upon  the  daily  press 
for  most  of  his  more  recent  occurrences,  but  the  effect 
is  vivid  nevertheless. 

Our  friends  the  Red  Indians  are  occupy - 
Storietof  •       jegg  of  our  national    thought    than 

the  Indian.  5    .    .,  ,, 

usual,  it  would  seem,  yet  they  are  given 

more  than  their  usual  space  in  the  books  for  boys  and 
girls  this  fall.  "  A  Child  of  the  Sun  "  (Stone),  by  Mr. 
Charles  Eugene  Banks,  is  an  excellent  account  of  the 
doings  of  a  little  Indian  lad,  filled  with  knowledge  of 
the  manners  of  the  aborigines  and  touched  with  not  a 
little  poetry.  The  pictures  in  color,  by  Mr.  Louis 
Betts,  make  the  book  one  of  the  handsomest  among 
this  year's  publications.  —  "  Red  Jacket,  the  Last  of 
the  Senecas  "  (Dutton)  is  from  the  well-known  pen  of 
Colonel  H.  R.  Gordon,  with  pictures  by  Mr.  W.  M. 
Gary.  It  is  suggestive  of  Cooper  throughout,  and 
more  than  a  little  exciting "  The  Sun  Maid,  a  Story 


434 


[Dec.  1, 


Travel  and 
exploration. 


of  Fort  Dearborn "  (Dutton)  is  a  tale  of  the  Potta- 
watomies  and  whites  on  the  site  of  what  is  now  Chicago, 
written  by  Miss  Evelyn  Raymond  and  illustrated  also 
by  Mr.  Gary.  It  seems  centuries  away  in  point  of 
time.  —  "  The  Prairie  Schooner,  a  Story  of  the  Black 
Hawk  War"  (Wilde)  is  by  the  Rev.  William  E. 
Barton,  D.D.,  with  pictures  from  the  hand  of  Mr. 
H.  Burgess.  Abraham  Lincoln,  Jefferson  Davis,  and 
other  historical  celebrities  appear  in  the  mildly  thrilling 
pages.  —  Mr.  George  Bird  Grinnell  resumes  his  inter- 
esting Indian  tales  in  "  Jack  among  the  Indians " 
(Stokes),  the  drawings  for  which  have  been  done  by  Mr. 
Edwin  Willard  Deming,  carrying  his  young  people 
up  to  the  Assiniboine  country,  and  finding  time  to  shoot 
grizzlies  and  other  interesting  things  on  the  way.  — 
"  An  Alphabet  of  Indians  "  (Russell)  is  an  entertaining 
and  original  account  of  a  number  of  aboriginal  peoples, 
beginning  with  Apaches  and  ending  with  Zuuis,  taking 
in  the  Dakotas,  Jacarillas,  and  Penobscots  on  the  way, 
the  work  of  Mr.  Emery  Leverett  Williams. 

",The  World's  Discoverers,  the  Story  of 
Bold  Voyages  by  Brave  Navigators  dur- 
ing a  Thousand  Years  "  (Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.)  is  the  most  inclusive  of  the  new  books  of  travel 
by  sea,  and  Mr.  William  Henry  Johnson,  the  author, 
has  been  to  great  pains  to  make  his  book  both  instruct- 
ive and  entertaining A  similar  service  for  those 

explorers  who  have  travelled  by  land  has  been  per- 
formed by  Mr.  Tudor  Jenks  in  the  "  Boy's  Book  of 
Exploration  (Doubleday),  a  companion  volume  to  the 
interesting  "  Boy's  Book  of  Invention  "  of  a  year  ago. 
Africa  occupies  most  of  the  book,  but  Australia  is 
given  a  place  and  Asia  has  five  chapters,  one  of  them 
containing  an  account  of  Sven  Hedin's  wonderful  jour- 
ney. —  Africa,  too,  is  the  scene  of  the  curious  incidents 
set  forth  in  Mr.  Paul  du  Chaillu's  "  The  World  of  the 
Great  Forest  (Scribner),  illustrated  by  Messrs.  C.  R. 
Knight  and  J.  M.  Gleeson.  As  the  sub-title  discloses, 
it  is  an  account  of  "  How  Animals,  Birds,  Reptiles,  In- 
sects, Talk,  Think,  Work,  and  Live,"  told  in  the 
sprightly  and  delectable  manner  of  the  well-known  au- 
thor. —  "  Under  the  Great  Bear  "  (Doubleday)  by  Mr. 
Kirk  Munroe,  is  of  the  more  conventional  type  of  boys' 
stories,  with  a  youthful  hero  who  does  wonders  along 
the  northern  Atlantic  coast  of  America,  a  fight  between 
British  and  French  sailors  in  Newfoundland  being  one 
of  the  interesting  episodes.  —  The  rush  for  gold  to  the 
northern  Pacific  coast  finds  a  historian  in  Mr.  Arthur 
K.  Thompson,  with  "Gold  Seeking  on  the  Dalton 
Trail,  being  the  Adventures  of  Two  New  England 
Boys  in  Alaska  and  the  Northwest  Territory  "  (Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.).  The  story  is  evidently  based  on  per- 
sonal experience,  and  contains  much  information  con- 
cerning the  natural  history  of  the  region.  —  "A  Tar  of 
the  Old  School  "  (Estes)  is  one  of  Mr.  F.  H.  Costello's 
well  written  combinations  of  fact  and  fiction,  his  hero 
doing  many  things  but  finding  time  to  attend  the  burn- 
ing of  the  "Philadelphia"  and  the  defeat  of  the 
"  Macedonian  "  by  the  good  frigate  "  United  States."  — 
Mr.  W.  Clark  Russell  prepares  a  sea  story  more  par- 
ticularly for  boys  in  «  The  Pretty  Polly,  a  Voyage  of 
Incident  "  (Lippincott).  There  is  some  well  deserved 
commendation  of  Dana's  "  Two  Years  before  the  Mast " 
in  the  book,  with  the  somewhat  inexplicable  statement 
that  it  contains  a  great  deal  of  British  humor.  An 
interesting  bit  of  information  in  one  of  the  foot  notes 
runs  to  the  effect  that  Sidney  Dickens,  son  of  the  nov- 
elist, who  was  drowned  at  sea,  had  been  a  schoolmate 


of  the  author  --  "  The  Lobster  Catchers,  a  Story  of 
the  Coast  of  Maine  "  (Dutton)  is  another  of  the  inde- 
fatigable Mr.  James  Otis's  books,  dealing  with  a  little- 
known  industry  in  a  manner  both  amusing  and  in- 
structive. 

Among  the  thoroughly  useful  books  for 
w^'clx  deserve  parental  inspection 


and  purchase  are  two  by  Mr.  D.  C.  Beard, 
"The  Outdoor  Handy  Book  for  Playground,  Field, 
and  Forest  "  and  »  The  Jack  of  All  Trades,  New  Ideas 
for  American  Boys"  (Scribner).  These  conclude  a 
series  of  four  volumes  which  are  replete  with  good 
ideas  for  keeping  youngsters  out  of  mischief  at  the 
most  mischievous  age,  and  there  is  a  fifth  volume  for 
the  boys'  sisters  written  by  Mr.  Beard's  sisters.  —  First 
of  a  new  series  to  be  named  after  "  The  United  States 
Government  "  is  a  book  called  "  The  Treasury  Club  " 
(Wilde)  by  Mr.  William  Drysdale.  It  is  an  intelli- 
gently-written narrative  in  story  form,  the  boy  hero 
entering  the  federal  treasury  department  and  passing 
through  its  routine,  meeting  its  responsible  heads  and 
gaining  a  comprehension  of  its  workings,  which  he  im- 
parts to  his  readers.  The  idea  is  both  good  in  itself 
and  commendably  worked  out.  —  Mr.  Charles  Battell 
Loomis  has  never  written  a  book  for  the  young  in  years 
before,  limiting  his  efforts  in  authorship  to  those  who 
were  young  in  mind.  But  his  success  in  "  Yankee  En- 
chantments" (McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.)  is  such  that 
we  hope  the  experiment  will  be  repeated.  All  of  his 
humor  is  preserved  in  this  story  of  the  modern  Amer- 
ican sort  of  fairy,  the  wonderful  genie  who  has  made 
liquid  air,  trolley  cars,  and  automobiles  possible,  and  it 
may  be  read  by  children  of  all  ages.  Nearly  two-score 
pictures  by  Miss  Fanny  Y.  Cory  heighten  the  pleasure 
to  be  gained  from  the  book.  —  Another  fanciful  book  is 
"The  Bicycle  Highwaymen"  (Estes),  wherein  Mr. 
Frank  M.  Bicknell  writes  of  the  Mayor  of  Cycleton  and 
the  trouble  he  and  his  fellow-functionaries  are  put  to 
by  the  wheeled  bandits  in  the  neighborhood.  —  "  Jones 
the  Mysterious  "  (Scribner)  is  the  alluring  title  which 
Mr.  Charles  Edwardes  invents  for  his  account  of  the 
doings  of  Jimmy  Jones,  upon  whom  has  been  conferred 
the  magic  power  of  making  himself  invisible.  The  story 
is  full  of  mild  fun,  its  ideas  being  carried  out  ably  in 
the  pictures  by  Mr.  Harold  Copping  —  Mr.  William  O. 
Stoddard  achieves  another  success  with  "  Ned,  Son  of 
Webb:  What  he  Did  "  (Estes),  an  historically  imagina- 
tive work  in  which  the  youngster  who  acts  as  hero,  a 
typical  American  boy,  is  transported  back  to  Harold 
Hardrada's  invasion  of  England,  remaining  in  those 
bygone  ages  long  enough  to  bear  a  hand  at  the  battle 
of  Hastings. 

Of  books  for  boys,  —  books  of  the  more 
conventional  type,  —  Mr.  Andrew  Home 
prepares  a  somewhat  ordinary  tale  of 
English  boyhood  life  with  "  The  Story  of  a  School  Con- 
spiracy" (Lippincott),  Mr.  A.  Monro  furnishing  the 
illustrations  --  "True  to  Himself;  or,  Roger  Strong's 
Struggle  for  Place  "  (Lee  &  Shepard)  is  by  Mr.  Edward 
Stratemeyer,  being  the  third  volume  of  the  "  Ship  and 
Shore  "  series.  It  has  a  preternatu  rally  acute  boy  who 
does  more  than  twenty  men  could  do  in  the  way  of  un- 
earthing crime.  —  Not  more  wonderful  but  still  deserv- 
ing comment  is  "  Rival  Boy  Sportsmen  "  (Lee  &  Shep- 
ard), for  which  Mr.  W.  Gordon  Parker  provides  both 
text  and  drawings.  It  is  the  last  of  the  "  Deer  Lodge  ' 
series,  and  like  its  predecessors  is  filled  with  the  doings 
of  a  number  of  wealthy  schoolboys  who  row  races  for 


Variout  sortt 
of  heroes. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


435 


solid  gold  vases  and  little  things  like  that. — Mr.  James 
Otis  can  hardly  have  time  to  make  a  specialty  of  any 
one  branch  of  books  for  the  young,  but  he  contrives  to 
give  us  a  sketch  of  a  newsboy  in  "Aunt  Hannah  and 
Seth  "  (Crowell)  which  deserves  commendation  for  be- 
ing about  a  real  boy.  Seth  is  in  trouble  nearly  all  of 
the  time,  but  gets  out  of  it  boy-fashion,  and  then  learns 
he  need  never  have  been  in  it  —  much  like  the  rest  of 
us. — A  real  "study  "  among  foreign  types  in  America 
is  presented  by  Miss  Anna  Chapin  Ray  in  "  Playground 
Toni  "  (Crowell)  the  tale  of  an  American  ghetto  with 
Toni  Valovick  for  its  protagonist.  The  book  is  filled 
with  delicate  pathos  and  humor,  and  is  illuminating  in 
more  senses  than  one. 

The  link  usually  missing  between  books 

specially  written  and  designed  for  boys 
and  for  them.  v  J       .  i      •      i     j         •  i 

and  those  intended  exclusively  for  girls 

is  supplied  this  year  by  Miss  Jeannette  L.  Gilder's 
delightful  "Autobiography  of  a  Tomboy"  (Double- 
day),  with  its  charming  pen  and  ink  sketches  by  Miss 
Florence  Scovel  Shinn.  The  book  is  a  literary  pleas- 
ure, and  one  that  both  sexes  and  all  ages  can  be 

cheered  by A  stronger  and  more  mature  work  than 

most  is  Miss  Alice  Stronach's  "  A  Newnham  Friend- 
ship "  (Scribner),  a  book  which  begins  with  a  little 
Highland  girl  in  the  woman's  college  at  Cambridge 
and  ends  in  one  of  the  London  social  settlements.  A 
romance  enters  into  the  story,  greatly  to  its  advantage. 
—  A  sensible  plea  for  something  better  than  a  life  be- 
hind a  shop  counter  is  made  in  Miss  Evelyn  Ray- 
mond's "  Reels  and  Spindles  "  (Wilde),  with  illustra- 
tions by  Mr.  Frank  T.  Merrill.  A  young  girl  brought 
up  to  the  best  things  in  life  is  compelled  to  face  reali- 
ties and  does  it  in  a  way  that  must  win  respect,  going 
to  work  in  a  mill  at  last,  and  finding  herself  able  to  be 
of  real  service  there  to  her  fellows.  —  Mingling  city  and 
country  life  and  city  and  country  folk,  Miss  Gabrielle 
E.  Jackson's  "  Pretty  Polly  Perkins  "  (Century  Co.), 
with  its  pictures  by  Mr.  C.  M.  Relyea,  shows  how 
much  broader  the  double  experience  makes  the  two 
interesting  heroines.  The  lame  little  city  girl  who 
gains  health  and  strength  in  the  New  England  village 
takes  the  artistically  inclined  Polly  into  the  metropolis 
during  the  winter,  greatly  to  her  advantage  intellectu- 
ally  "Randy's  Summer"  (Lee  &  Shepard)  is  writ- 
ten and  illustrated  by  Miss  Amy  Brooks,  and  her  four- 
teen-year-old heroine  and  her  pretty  sister  Prue  do 
good  during  their  holidays  as  well  as  find  recreation  of 
the  more  usual  sort.  —  Those  who  recall  Miss  Anna 
Chapin  Ray's  "  Teddy"  will  be  glad  to  meet  that  pleas- 
ant personality  once  more  in  a  sequel  called  "  Phebe  : 
Her  Profession,"  a  quaint  and  happy  story  of  girls  who 
realize  that  life  is  not  all  cakes  and  ale.  Mr.  Frank 
T.  Merrill  makes  the  pictures  for  the  volume,  which  is 
published  by  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  —  Mrs.  L.  T.  Meade 
justifies  anew  the  criticism  that  she  can  get  more 
healthy  excitement  out  of  a  girl's  rather  monotonous 
life  than  any  one  else  by  her  "  Miss  Nonentity  "  (  Lip- 
pincott),  illustrated  by  Mr.  W.  Rainey.  It  is  a  kindly 
book,  like  all  of  Mrs.  Meade's,  and  one  which  shows 
an  interest  in  some  life  not  usually  regarded  as  inter- 
esting.—  "Brenda,  her  School  and  her  Club"  (Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.)  is  written  by  Miss  Helen  Leah  Reed 
and  illustrated  by  Miss  Jessie  Willcox  Smith.  It  is 
occupied  with  school  life  in  and  around  Boston,  a  col- 
lege football  game  and  the  interest  it  excites  going  to 
show  that  a  generation  of  women  is  growing  up 
which  will  feel  more  kindly  toward  that  masculine 


amusement.  —  "  Almost  as  Good  as  a  Boy  "  (Lee  & 
Shepard)  is  one  of  Miss  Amanda  M.  Douglas's  books 
for  girls,  wholesome  and  sane  and  full  of  interest,  as 
all  her  books  are.  —  Miss  Amy  Blanchard  tells  a  tale 
with  mingled  pathos  and  fun  in  "  Her  Very  Best " 
(Lippincott),  Miss  Margaret  F.  Winner  furnishing  the 
illustrations.  —  The  closer  contact  of  Europe  and 
America  is  told  in  a  manner  almost  whimsical  by  Miss 
A.  G.  Plympton  in  "  A  Child  of  Glee  "  (Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.).  It  tells  of  a  little  Yankee  girl  who  gets  en- 
tangled in  the  politics  and  diplomacy  of  a  European 
court,  and  comes  out  with  credit  to  herself,  her  father, 
and  her  fellow  countrymen.  —  "A  Georgian  Bungalow  " 
(Hough ton)  is  to  be  welcomed,  like  others  of  Mrs. 
Frances  Courtenay  Baylor's  books,  for  the  understand- 
ing it  gives  of  southern  life  and  fancies.  Negro  fidel- 
ity and  a  picturesque  German  governess  add  to  the 
interest  of  the  story,  which  is  well  illustrated.  —  Mrs. 
Molesworth's  "The  House  that  Grew"  (Macmillan) 
turns  out  to  be  a  wagonette,  and  the  pictures  by  Miss 
Alice  Woodward  make  the  story  one  to  be  laughed 
with  and  over  in  every  respect.  It  has  all  the  author's 
established  knowledge  of  girl  life. 

Before  passing   to  the  books  designed 

an<tVfablt*  ^or  very  sma^  S^s  an(^  boys,  we  must 

take  note  of  the  number  of  interesting 
fairy  tales  which  can  be  read  with  delight  by  all  who 
have  not  let  work  and  the  daily  grind  of  life  interfere 
too  much  with  their  imaginations.  Mr.  Andrew  Lang 
has  edited  this  year  "  The  Grey  Fairy  Book " 
(Longmans),  carrying  on  his  chromatic  scheme  another 
step.  The  stories  are  from  translations  made  by  many 
hands  and  are  illustrated  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Ford.  —  Mr. 
William  Canton,  whose  original  work  for  children  has 
won  so  many  golden  opinions,  acts  as  editor  for  a  series 
of  "  The  True  Annals  of  Fairy  Land  "  (Macmillan),  the 
initial  volume  being  entitled  specifically  "  The  Reign 
of  King  Herla."  The  occurrences  of  that  momentous 
stretch  of  years  requires  a  skilled  anachronist  for 
chronicler,  since  the  Argonauts  and  King  Lear  both 
find  a  place  between  its  opening  and  close.  The  de- 
lightful drawings  of  Mr.  Charles  Robinson  make  the 
book  an  ideal  one  either  for  keeping  or  giving  away.  — 
Between  Mrs.  Mabel  Osgood  Wright's  delicate  sense  of 
humor  in  prose  and  Mr.  Oliver  Herford's  delicious  no- 
tion of  fun  in  drawings,  "  The  Dream  Fox  Story  Book  " 
(Macmillan)  fares  sumptuously  according  to  its  kind. 
There  is  fun  enough  in  every  page  to  make  the  reader 
wish  he  had  the  dream  fox  habit  himself.  —  Mr. 
Seumas  MacManus  and  Mr.  Frank  Verbeck  combine  to 
make  "  Donegal  Fairy  Stories  "  (McClure,  Phillips  & 
Co.)  a  rollicking  bit  of  Irish  exaggeration,  carrying  it 
almost  to  the  point  of  burlesque.  —  More  discrimina- 
ting by  far  is  Mr.  William  Henry  Frost's  "  Fairies  and 
Folk  of  Ireland  "  (Scribner),  which  has  the  real  Celtic 
flavor.  We  are  somewhat  at  a  loss  to  account  for  the 
use  here  of  some  of  Mr.  William  Butler  Yeats's  tender 
imaginings,  much  as  they  endance  the  feeling  to  which 
the  book  is  committed.  —  Another  of  the  great  families 
of  the  Celtic  race  is  drawn  upon  for  the  material  in 
"Fairy  Stories  from  the  Little  Mountain"  (Wessels), 
which  Mr.  John  Finnemore  has  brought  together  and 
Mr.  James  R.  Sinclair  made  pictures  for.  The  tales 
are  Welsh  and  quaintly  enjoyable,  both  in  text  and 
picture. — Miss  Katharine  Elise  Chapman  uses  the  ma- 
chinery of  "A  Midsummer- Night's  Dream"  with  much 
skill  in  her  "  A  Fairy  Night's  Dream;  or,  The  Horn  of 
Oberon  "  (Laird  &  Lee).  The  book  is  an  exquisite  one 


436 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


with  a  colored  frontispiece  and  many  other  pictures  by 
Mr.  Gwynne  Price.  —  "The  Pixie  and  Elaine  Stories" 
(Estes),  by  Miss  Carrie  E.  Morrison,  are  imaginative 
descriptions  of  the  doings  of  the  "  Pixies  "  who  live  in 
country  streams,  and  the  "Elaines"  who  inhabit  a 
lovely  little  lake.  Pretty  drawings  by  Mr.  Reginald 
Birch  and  other  artists  of  skill  reinforce  the  pleasant 
impression  the  book  leaves  upon  the  reader's  mind. 

That  dreamlike  confusion  of  the  actual 
Impossible  and  tbe  impo88ible  which  was  so  peculi- 

realities,  .  f  ,  „  r 

arly  the  invention  or  the   late  "  Lewis 

Carroll "  has  its  counterpart  in  many  a  volume  put  out 
this  year.  Mr.  L.  Frank  Baum  frankly  acknowledges 
his  obligations  to  his  more  original  predecesssor  in  "  A 
New  Wonderland"  (Russell),  with  its  quaint  pictures 
by  Mr.  Frank  Verbeck.  But  Mr.  Dodgson  bad  a  real 
distinction  of  style  which  is  wholly  lacking  here,  though 
to  be  found  in  a  chapter  or  two  of  Mr.  Baum's  other 
book,  »  The  Wonderful  Wizard  of  Oz  "  (Hill),  which 
is  remarkably  illustrated  by  Mr.  William  W.  Denslow, 
who  possesses  all  the  originality  of  method  which  has 
been  denied  his  collaborator.  This  last  book  is  really 
notable  among  the  innumerable  publications  of  the 
year,  making  an  appeal  which  is  fairly  irresistible  to  a 
certain  standard  of  taste — Fastidious  tastes  will  place 
Miss  Katharine  Pyle's  "  The  Christmas  Angel  "  (Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.)  at  the  other  end  of  the  aesthetic  scale, 
the  unity  of  conception  of  the  artist-author  being  in  its 
favor.  Though  intended  for  little  children,  it  can  be 
read  with  real  comprehension  by  their  elders  for  all  the 
odd  little  turns  of  thought  through  which  it  wanders  to 
a  happy  close.  —  "  Josey  and  the  Chipmunk  "  (Century 
Co.)  is  the  result  of  Mr.  Sydney  Reid's  pen  and  Miss 
Fanny  Cory's  pencil,  and  includes  a  large  menagerie 
among  its  dramatis  personie.  It  is  both  clever  and  droll. 
—  Animals  from  life,  qualified  by  a  vivid  pictorial 
imagination,  fill  up  the  pages  of  "  The  Jumping  Kanga- 
roo and  the  Apple  Butter  Cat"  (McClure,  Phillips  & 
Co.)  for  which  Mr.  James  M.  Conde*  has  made  the 
illustrations  and  Mr.  John  W.  Harrington  written  the 
text.  The  book  is  unusually  well  done Mr.  Living- 
ston B.  Morse  makes  up  a  story  of  fantasy  in  his  "  The 
Road  to  Nowhere  "  (Harper),  Mrs.  Edna  Morse  sup- 
plying the  illustrations.  A  candy  farm  and  a  parlia- 
ment of  peacocks  are  among  the  strange  things  to  be 
read  of  in  the  book. 

Our  little  brothers  the  beasts  and  our 

animal?™'  little    sistel>8    the     bifds     haV6    *    8ma11 

library  devoted  to  them  this  Christmas. 

Of  real  value  is  Miss  Abbie  FarwelFs  "  The  Book  of 
Saints  and  Friendly  Beasts"  (Houghton),  a  most  inter- 
esting collection  from  the  Acta  Sanctorum  of  the  stories 
of  friendliness  which  exists  between  men  of  peace  and 
holiness  and  the  rest  of  the  animate  world.  Miss 
Fanny  Y.  Cory  carries  out  the  mediaeval  feeling  of  the 
tales  in  her  cleverly  conventionalized  drawings,  and 
the  whole  effect  is  one  to  rejoice  in.  —  A  wide  world 
away  is  Mr.  Joaquin  Miller's  "  True  Bear  Stories " 
(Rand,  McNally  &  Co.),  a  volume  which  the  author's 
active  imagination  relieves  from  any  charge  of  being 
merely  true.  The  book  is  fully  illustrated,  and  fortu- 
nate in  having  an  introduction  written  for  it  by  Dr. 
David  Starr  Jordan. — "  The  Animal  Alphabet  "  (Hill) 
contains  prose  and  verse  written  by  Mr.  Henry  Morrow 
Hyde  and  a  full  series  of  pictures  from  photographs 
taken  from  life  by  Mr.  Charles  C.  Cook.  The  book  is 
entertaining,  but  the  photographs  lose  effect  owing 
to  the  process  adopted. — Mr.  Ernest  Seton-Thompson's 


"Wild  Animal  Play"  (Doubleday)  utilizes  the  charac- 
ters from  the  author's  successful  book,  "Wild  Animals 
I  Have  Known,"  with  pictures  and  rhymes  by  his  own 
hand.  But  it  is  very  thin,  and  can  be  satisfactory  to 
none  but  small  children. — "  Mooswa  and  Others  of  the 
Boundaries  "  (Scribner)  is  a  book  of  the  genre  of  Mr. 
Kipling's  "Jungle  Stories,"  written  by  Mr.  W.  A. 
Fraser,  and  illustrated  by  Mr.  Arthur  Heming.  The 
scenes  are  laid  in  the  far  North  of  the  Athabasca  and 
Saskatchewan,  and  are  of  more  than  ordinary  merit.  — 
Lovers  of  dogs  —  and  who  is  not?  —  will  profit  and 
smile  at  once  in  perusing  the  "  Observations  of  Jay  (A 
Dog),  and  Other  Stories  "  (Elder  &  Shepard)  by  Mr. 
Morgan  Shepard,  with  its  most  interesting  introductory 
essay  on  the  "  Five  Great  Wags  "  —  of  a  dog's  tail. 

Of  old  books  made  new  the  season  brings 

at  least  three   °f  a  hi§h   order  of  merit' 
"  The  Adventures  of  Odysseus  "  (Dut- 

ton)  is  an  alluring  volume  with  a  colored  frontispiece 
and  illustrations  by  Mr.  Charles  Robinson,  the  free 
translations  of  episodes  from  the  Odyssey  being  done 
by  Messrs.  F.  S.  Marvin,  R.  J.  C.  Mayor  and  F.  M. 
Stawell.  The  spirit  of  the  original  has  been  fairly 
caught  and  held  in  so  far  as  a  translation  can  hold  it, 

and  the  book  is  a  worthy  one  in  all  respects Messrs. 

G.  W.  Boden  and  W.  Barrington  d'Almeida  have  done 
a  similar  good  service  for  another  Greek  in  "  Wonder 
Stories  from  Herodotus"  (Harper).  A  tribute  to  the 
veracity  of  the  Father  of  History  is  deserved,  after  all 
the  generations  to  which  he  was  only  the  Father  of 
Lies.  The  illustrations,  reproduced  in  colors  from  de- 
signs by  Mr.  H.  Granville  Fell,  possess  a  rare  artistic 
beauty.  —  The  Rev.  A.  J.  Church,  M.A.,  in  "  Helmet 
and  Spear  "  (Macmillan)  gathers  into  a  single  volume 
accounts  of  ancient  wars,  beginning  with  Greece  and 
Persia  and  ending  with  the  taking  of  Rome  by  the  bar- 
barians and  the  fall  of  the  empire.  The  book  is  vividly 
written  and  fully  illustrated. 

Of  the  old  favorites  reprinted  in  new 
Newediliwof  and  beautiful  form  none  is  so  eminently 
olafavontet.  .  J 

satisfactory  to  the  lover  of  good  books  as 

the  large  quarto  of  "  Fairy  Tales  and  Stories  "  (Cen- 
tury Co.),  translated  from  the  Danish  of  Hans  Christian 
Andersen  by  Mr.  H.  L.  Braekstad  and  beautifully  illus- 
trated by  Mr.  Hans  Tegner.  It  commemorates  nothing 
except  the  perennial  affection  in  which  this  prince  of 
story  tellers  is  regarded,  giving  his  jewels  a  setting 
worthy  their  merits.  —  "  Robinson  Crusoe  "  appears  in 
two  editions,  one  published  by  Mr.  R.  H.  Russell  with 
pictures  by  the  brothers  Louis  and  Frederick  Rhead, 
but  without  the  European  ending  to  the  adventures  of 
Defoe's  hero;  and  one  with  a  colored  frontispiece  and 
rubricated  pages  throughout,  published  by  Dodd,  Mead 
&  Co.,  the  story  reprinted  in  full.  Both  are  joys  for 

older  hands  than  boys  to  delight  in A  more  than 

ordinary  edition  of  Robert  Louis  Stevenson's  "  Treasure 
Island  "  (Scribner),  that  modern  Robinson  Crusoe  tale, 
is  finely  set  off  by  Mr.  Wai  Paget's  pictures.  The  map 
whose  loss  gave  its  author  such  trouble  is  carefully  re- 
produced. —  Stevenson's  "  A  Child's  Garden  of  Verse  " 
(Russell)  is  nothing  less  than  gorgeous  in  its  new  dress, 
with  pictures  in  colors  by  Messrs.  E.  Marr  and  M.  H. 
Squire.  —  Charles  Kingsley's  "Water  Babies"  (Wes- 
sels)  has  many  full- page  color  pictures  by  Mr.  G. 
Wright,  the  wonderful  folk  under  the  sea  and  in  the 
rivers  becoming  grotesquely  decorative  under  his  skill- 
ful treatment.  —  The  separate  editions,  published  last 
year,  of  "  Alice  in  Wonderland "  and  "  Through  the 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


437 


Books  for  the 
whole  family. 


Looking  Glass,"  with  the  clever  illustrations  in  colors 
by  Miss  Blanche  McManus,  are  this  year  bound  together 
in  one  pair  of  covers  (Wessels),  making  a  singularly 
attractive  volume. 

Richness  for  both  young  and  old  lies  in  a 
numerous  class  of  books  which  many  a 
fond  parent  will  buy  in  order  to  have  it 
himself  upon  occasion.  Such  a  book  will  be  found  in 
"  Chinese  Mother  Goose  Rhymes"  (Revell),  translated 
and  illustrated  by  Mr.  Isaac  Taylor  Headland  of  the 
University  of  Pekin.  Quaint  and  curious  as  it  is,  it  can- 
not be  read  by  the  least  observant  without  the  assurance 
that  the  Chinese  are  strangely  human,  all  reports  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding.  The  accuracy  of  the  trans- 
lation being  vouched  for,  it  is  impossible  to  conceive  of 
any  vast  or  any  essential  difference  between  nations 
whose  children  delight  in  exactly  the  same  turns  of 

thought  and  fancy Mrs.  Alice  Archer  Sewall  writes 

the  verses  and  makes  the  drawings  for  "  The  Ballad  of 
the  Prince  "  (Russell),  a  delightfully  humorous  bit  of 
work  which  requires  some  age  to  appreciate  its  mani- 
fold merits,  quickly  as  a  child  will  grasp  the  surface 
meaning. — This  is  no  less  true  of  Mr.  Gellett  Burgess's 
enjoyable  "  Goops  and  How  to  be  Them,  a  Manual  of 
Manners  for  Polite  Infants  Inculcating  Many  Juvenile 
Virtues  both  by  Precept  and  Example  "  (Stokes).  The 
author  has  made  ninety  drawings  for  his  book,  and  the 
cheerful  Goop  may  be  seen  in  all  his  undoubted  strength 
and  vigor.  —  The  words  and  pictures  which  Mr.  T.  E. 
Butler  has  invented  for  "  Nanny "  (Russell),  a  goat 
which  makes  successive  functionaries  "  perfectly  (and 
excusably)  furious,"  will  bring  a  smile  of  innocence  to 
the  wrinkled  cheek  of  age.  —  Twenty-four  colored  pic- 
tures by  Miss  Grace  A.  May  illustrate  the  "  Proverbs 
Improved"  (John  Lane)  for  which  Mr.  Frederic  Chap- 
man has  made  some  plaintive  verses.  They  will  while 
away  a  few  minutes  with  some  profit.  —  A  story  of  a 
family  that  will  interest  more  than  one  generation  is 
Miss  Annie  C.  Brown's  "Fireside  Battles"  (Laird  & 
Lee),  a  book  for  which  Mr.  Joseph  C.  Leyendecker  has 
provided  some  brilliantly  designed  illustrations.  —  A 
carefully  selected  anthology  of  "  Lullabys  and  Baby 
Songs  "  (Dutton)  has  been  compiled  by  Mrs.  Adelaide 
L.  J.  Gossett,  with  some  charming  pictures  by  Miss  Eva 
Roos.  The  younger  poets  have  been  drawn  upon  to  an 
extent  unusual  in  such  books,  but  there  is  nothing  from 
Stevenson  —  an  omission  which  should  have  been  ex- 
plained. 

Books  of  the  epicene  sort  which  do  for 
readert™3™  small  girls  and  boys  as  well  are  a-many. 
"Mother  Nature's  Children"  (Ginn)  is 
written  by  Mr.  Allen  Walton  Gould  with  a  view  to 
showing  how  things  grow,  whether  vegetable  or  animal, 
the  processes  of  nature  being  portrayed  by  abundant 
illustrations.  —  "The  Story  of  a  Little  Beech  Tree" 
(Dutton),  by  Miss  Esther  Harlan,  is  rather  the  story  of 
little  Harold  and  his  surroundings.  He  is  fortunate  in 
making  the  acquaintance  of  a  Mr.  Man,  who  does  not 
paint  his  house  or  wooden  fences  because  he  prefers 

beauty  to  everything  else "  Farmer  Brown  and  the 

Birds"  (Page)  is  by  Miss  Frances  Margaret  Fox,  with 
illustrations  by  Miss  Etheldred  B.  Barry.  It  shows  how 
much  a  farmer  may  learn  to  his  own  advantage  con- 
cerning birds. — Miss  Barry  illustrates  Miss  Harriet  A. 
Cheever's  "Ted's  Little  Dear"  (Estes),  the  "little 
dear"  being  a  King  Charles  spaniel  which  is  lost — as  dogs 
always  are  in  children's  books.  —  Miss  Gertrude  Smith, 
author  of  the  "  Arabella  aud  Araminta "  stories  of 


a  year  or  two  ago,  prepares  "  The  Booboo  Book  " 
(Estes),  for  which  Messrs.  C.  F.  Relyea  and  Frank  T. 
Merrill  furnish  the  drawings.  —  Mr.  William  H.  Pott 
writes  some  fanciful  little  sketches  of  white  and  col- 
ored folks  in  "  Stories  from  Dreamland  "  (James  Pott 
&  Co.),  Mr.  George  W.  Bard  well  contributing  the  pic- 
tures. The  stories  abound  in  humor  and  pathos,  though 

evidently  the  work  of  no  practised  hand The  fifth 

volume  of  the  "  Little  Prudy's  Children  "  series,  by 
Miss  Sophie  May,  is  called  "  Jimmy,  Lucy,  and  All " 
(Lee  &  Shepard).  It  is  astonishing  how  this  series 
holds  its  popularity  year  after  year,  proving  with 
every  new  volume  a  profound  knowledge  of  the  childish 

heart Miss  Penn    Shirley,  "  Sophie    May's    sister," 

writes  and  Miss  C.  Louise  Williams  illustrates  "  Boy 
Donald "  (Lee  &  Shepard),  a  continuation  of  "  The 
Happy  Six."  It  has  a  monkey  and  a  parrot  in  it,  without 
prejudice  to  either.  —  Miss  Margaret  Sidney  continues 
her  former  successes  with  "  The  Adventures  of  Joel 
Pepper"  (Lothrop),  with  pictures  by  Mr.  Sears 
Gallagher.  The  harum-scarum  lad  who  lends  his  name 
to  the  story  is  already  an  old  favorite.  —  What  a 
youthful  college  graduate  can  do  in  the  way  of  bring- 
ing some  untamed  youngsters  under  training  is  told 
with  much  spirit  and  good  nature  by  Miss  Mary 
Leonard  in  "  Half  a  Dozen  Thinking  Caps  "  (Crowell). 
The  book  is  suggestive.  —  The  author  of  "  Miss 
Toosey's  Mission  "  has  written  a  book  for  little  children 
called  "Tom's  Boy"  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.).  Small 
though  it  is,  it  will  make  a  deep  impression  on  the 
minds  of  its  readers.  —  Little  Rita  and  Jimmy,  the 
"  Two  Little  Street  Singers  "  (Lee  &  Shepard)  of  Mrs. 
Nora  A.  M.  Roe's  new  book,  have  a  hard  time  before 
they  come  into  their  own,  and  will  carry  the  sympathies 

of  many  a  small  reader  with  them In  Miss  Evelyn 

Raymond's  "  Divided  Skates "  (Crowell)  a  little  boy 
and  girl  open  the  heart  of  a  nice  old  lady  who  has  been 
permitting  a  poodle  to  monopolize  her  affections. — Mrs. 
Frances  Bent  Dillingham  writes  a  series  of  tales  for 
little  children  around  the  great  feasts  of  the  American 
year,  beginning  with  the  greatest  of  them  all,  and  calls  it 
"  The  Christmas-Tree  Scholar,  a  Book  of  Days  "(Crow- 
ell )  A  little  moral  running  through  each  story  does  it 
no  harm.  —  "Ednah  and  her  Brothers"  (Houghton) 
is  a  series  of  short  household  stories,  simple  and  inter- 
esting and  creditable  to  their  author,  Miss  Eliza  Orne 
White.  —  Something  in  the  nature  of  a  genuinely  spon- 
taneous American  child's  garden  is  evolved  by  the  wit 
of  the  heroine  of  Mrs.  Ella  Farman  Pratt's  "  The  Play 
Lady"  (Crowell),  who  is  left  motherless  and  with  a 
house  quite  her  own  but  without  money.  The  book 
has  more  value  than  the  customary  story  for  children.  — 
Mr.  Frank  Samuel  Child  carries  on  the  curious  ma- 
chinery of  his  last  year's  "  House  with  Sixty  Closets  " 
with  "  The  Little  Dreamer's  Adventure "  (Lee  & 
Shepard),  and  makes  the  book  fully  justify  its  sub- 
title of  "  A  Story  of  Droll  Days  and  Droll  Doings." 
Many  pen-and-ink  drawings  by  Mr.  C.  H.  L.  Gebfert 
carry  on  the  story's  intention.  —  Real  feeling  lies  behind 
the  narrative  of  "  Snow  White  ;  or,  The  House  in  the 
Wood  "  (Estes).  Miss  Laura  E.  Richards's  pen  and  Mr. 
Frank  T.  Merrill's  pencil  here  combine  to  convey  a 
lesson  in  humanity  of  some  moment.  —  Miss  Myra 
Sawyer  Hamlin's  "Nan's  Chicopee  Children"  (Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.)  is  a  continuation  of  two  former  books, 
and  opens  with  the  return  of  the  sick  and  wounded 
from  the  Spanish  war.  It  is  intended  for  somewhat 
older  boys  and  girls,  and  is  bright  and  filled  with  con- 


438 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


Picture  book* 
in  plenty. 


versation.  —  It  is  eight  years  since  "  John  Howard 
Jewett "  (who  is  really  Miss  Hannah  Warner)  wrote 
and  Mr.  Culmer  Barnes  illustrated  the  book  to  which 
"  More  Bunny  Stories  "  (Stokes)  is  the  sequel.  So 
original  and  innocent  a  story  could  not  fail  to  find 
hundreds  of  admirers  then,  and  as  many  may  be  pre- 
dicted for  its  successor  now.  —  Mrs.  Lily  F.  Wessel- 
hoeft  has  done  the  greatest  possible  good  with  her 
pretty  stories  of  animals,  birds,  and  children,  giving 
the  little  human  people  some  comprehension  of  their 
fellow  beings  and  their  feelings  and  sympathies.  — 
"Doris  and  her  Dog  Rodney  "  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.) 
is  a  continuation  of  former  successors,  with  a  fine  An- 
gora cat  named  "  Christopher  Columbus "  added  for 
good  measure.  —  "A  Little  American  Girl  in  India " 
(Little,  Brown,  &  Co.)  is  a  travel  story  for  quite  small 
children,  written  by  Miss  Harriet  A.  Cheever  and  illus- 
trated by  Mr.  H.  C.  Ireland.  It  will  give  a  good  idea 
of  the  Orient  to  the  child,  and  the  long  sea  voyage  to 
England  and  thence  to  Bombay  is  pleasantly  described. 
Books  having  their  chief  interest  in  the 
pictures,  addressed  to  an  intelligence 
which  is  growing  rather  than  grown,  are 
this  season  among  the  most  beautiful  of  all.  "  In  and 
Out  of  the  Nursery  "  (Russell)  is  filled  with  reproduced 
photographs  of  children  and  their  parents  taken  by 
Mr.  Rudolph  Eickemeyer,  Jr.,  the  text,  both  in  prose 
and  verse,  being  written  by  Mrs.  Eva  Eickemeyer 
Rowland.  It  is  the  sort  of  book  which  was  quite 
impossible  a  few  years  ago,  and  is  still  of  more  than 
passing  interest.  Some  of  the  songs  in  the  book 

have  been  supplied  with  music Geese  of  one  sort 

and  another  are  commanding  an  almost  Roman  re- 
gard. "  Mother  Goose  Cooked "  (John  Lane)  is  by 
Messrs.  John  H.  Myrtle  and  Reginald  Rigby,  and  the 
verses  and  pictures  are  calculated  to  add  to  the  gayety 
of  nations.  —  "Baby  Goose:  His  Adventures"  (Laird 
&  Lee)  is  by  Miss  Fannie  E.  Ostrander,  with  full-page 
illustrations  in  color.  It  is  jingly  and  humorous,  —  all 
that  it  set  out  to  be.  —  "  Mother  Wild  Goose  and  her 
Wild  Beast  Show  "  (H.  M.  Caldwell  Co.)  is  the  work 
of  Mr.  L.  J.  Bridgman,  both  text  and  pictures  in  color. 
It  deserves  popularity.  —  "Mr.  Bunny:  His  Book" 
(Saalfield  Publishing  Co.)  would  be  highly  original  if 
it  had  not  drawn  nearly  all  its  suggestions  from  "  Father 
Goose:  His  Book,"  published  last  year.  The  rhymes 
are  by  Miss  Adah  L.  Sutton  and  the  colored  pictures 
by  Mr.  W.  H.  Fry.— The  «  Urchins  of  the  Sea"  (Long- 
mans) described  by  Miss  Marie  Overton  Corbin  and 
Mr.  Charles  Buxton  Going,  with  pictures  in  plenty  by 
Mr.  F.  I.  Bennett,  are  not  urchins  in  the  sea  sense  at 
all,  but  shark's  eggs  and  hippocampuses  in  fine  profu- 
sion. They  are  quaint  and  funny  for  all  that.  —  Miss 
Bertha  Upton's  verses  and  Miss  Florence  K.  Upton's 
colored  pictures  make  "  The  Golliwogg's  Polar  Adven- 
tures "  (Longmans)  much  more  pleasant  reading  than 
such  chilly  experiences  usually  are  at  this  time  of  the 

year "  The  Bandit  Mouse,  and  Other  Tales  "  (Rand, 

McNally  &  Co.)  is  the  combination  of  Mr.  W.  A. 
Frisbie's  verses  and  the  pictures  of  "Bart,"  telling 
some  funny  tales  of  an  impossible  but  desirable  animal 
world.  "  Uncle  Pelican  "  will  rank  with  Lear's  famous 
King.  —  Miss  S.  Rosamond  Praeger  gives  a  wonderful 
history  in  "The  Tale  of  the  Little  Twin  Dragons" 
(Macmillan)  of  a  brother  and  sister  who  seek  and  find 
adventure  while  looking  for  the  lost  prince.  —  Old- 
fashioned  and  picturesque,  the  verses  of  Mr.  G.  Orr 
Clark  and  the  pictures  of  Miss  Helen  Hyde  make  "  The 


Moon  Babies  "  (Russell)  a  book  to  be  treasured.  It 
has  positive  merits  both  in  conception  and  execution. 

For  the  babies,  Miss  Maud  Humphrey 
reader™1'*3*  ^as  raa<^e  some  beautiful  designs  in  color, 

using  the  dresses  of  an  earlier  day  and 
calling  the  book  "  Children  of  the  Revolution  "  (Stokes). 
The  stories  and  verses  written  around  the  pictures  are 
by  Miss  Mabel  Humphrey.  The  famous  scenes  of 
1776  are  reproduced  with  great  humor  and  good  will. 
—  "  Droll  Doings  "  (Scribner)  abounds  in  pictures  by 
Mr.  Harry  B.  Neilson,  with  verses  by  "  the  Cockiolly 
Bird,"  of  which  the  book  tells  in  some  detail.  It  is 
cleverly  done.  —  "  Fiddlesticks  "  (Young)  does  not 
take  its  name  from  anything  in  particular,  being  a 
series  of  colored  drawings  done  by  Miss  Hilda  Cowham 
for  such  well-known  jingles  as  "  This  Little  Pig  Went 
to  Market."  The  work  is  excellent  of  its  kind.  —  A 
very  small  book  for  very  small  children  is  Miss  Sophie 
Swett's  "  The  Littlest  One  of  the  Browns  "  (Estes),  a 
story  about  a  little  girl  who  was  pretty  good,  but  not  too 

good "Sunday  Reading  for  the  Young,  1901" 

(Young)  is  the  pleasant  miscellany  it  has  been  for 
many  years,  piously  inteutioned  and  religiously  ex- 
ecuted  Of  the  new  volume  of  "  Chatterbox  "  (Estes) 

it  is  not  necessary  to  do  more  than  mention  the  name. 
The  generation  that  was  not  brought  up  on  it  is  rapidly 
slipping  away.  —  "  Soap  Bubble  Stories  for  Children  " 
(James  Pott  &  Co.)  is  a  treasury  of  stories,  historical 
and  other,  written  by  Miss  Fanny  Barry,  with  pictures 
by  Mr.  Irving  Montagu. 

With  a  book  or  two  of  verses  or  music 

fwrfcoi  or  both  the  lon£  list  ends-    From  the 

pages  of  "  St.  Nicholas  "  have  been  gath- 
ered the  "  St.  Nicholas  Book  of  Plays  and  Operettas  " 
(Century  Co.),  which  contains  a  number  of  things 
worth  doing,  Mr.  Henry  Baldwin's  "  Ballad  of  Mary 
Jane,"  a  shadow  play  illustrated  by  silhouettes,  not  the 

least    among    them "A    Visit    to    Santa    Glaus" 

(Jennings  &  Pye)  is  a  musical  cantata,  the  libretto  by 
Mr.  J.  W.  Carpenter  and  the  music  by  Mr.  Charles  H. 

Gabriel "  Pretty  Picture  Songs  for  Little  Folks  " 

(H.  F.  Chandler)  takes  its  words  from  various  sources, 
all  of  them  classical  among  children,  appropriate  music 
being  supplied  by  Mr.  G.  A.  Grant-Schaefer.  The  pic- 
tures scattered  through  the  score  by  Mr.  Walt  M. 
De  Kalb  are  original  and  clever. — Of  more  than  ordinary 
interest  are  some  small  stanzas  for  little  fellows,  done 
by  Miss  Helen  Hay  with  Mr.  Frank  Verbeck's  clever 
animal  pictures,  and  named  "  The  Little  Boy  Book  " 
(Russell).  Miss  Hay  is  evidently  preparing  to  take 
her  place  among  the  better-known  writers  of  the  day, 
her  work  here,  slight  as  it  is,  showing  both  skill  and 
painstaking,  in  addition  to  considerable  talent. 


MR.  LEWIS  E.  GATES  is  one  of  the  most  promising 
of  our  younger  critics,  and  the  quality  already  revealed 
in  his  studies  of  Arnold  and  Newman  will  have  predis- 
posed the  public  to  welcome  the  volume  of  "  Studies 
and  Appreciations "  (Macmillan)  which  he  has  now 
put  forth.  The  essays  in  this  volume  are  ten  in  num- 
ber, discussing  such  writers  as  Tennyson,  Hawthorne, 
Poe,  and  Charlotte  Bronte,  such  subjects  as  "  The 
Romantic  Movement  "  and  "  Impressionism  and  Ap- 
preciation." They  are  well  worthy  of  attention.  We 
must  thank  him  for  the  word  which  he  gives  us  of  Sir 
Lewis  Morris  when  he  calls  that  industrious  rhymer 
the  "  God-gifted  hand-organ  voice  of  England." 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


439 


NOTES. 


"  King  Henry  V."  is  the  latest  volume  in  the  "  Swan  " 
edition  of  Shakespeare,  published  by  Messrs.  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co. 

The  American  Book  Co.  send  us  a  volume  of  the 
"  Selected  Letters  of  Voltaire,"  as  edited  for  school 
use  by  Mr.  L.  C.  Syms. 

Mr.  W.  R.  Jenkins  has  just  published  a  "  Praktischer 
Lehrgang  fUr  den  Unterricht  der  Deutschen  Sprache," 
the  work  of  Mr.  Hermann  Schulze. 

Messrs.  Dana  Estes  &  Co.  publish  a  volume  of 
"Nature  Studies,"  consisting  of  selections  from  the 
writings  of  John  Ruskin,  made  by  Miss  Rose  Porter. 

"  Episodes  from  Alexandra  Dumas's  Monte- Cristo," 
edited  by  Mr.  I.  H.  B.  Spiers,  is  a  recently  published 
French  text  with  the  imprint  of  Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath 
&Co. 

"  Greek  History,"  by  Professor  Heinrich  Swoboda, 
translated  by  Mr.  Lionel  D.  Barnett,  is  the  latest  of 
the  "  Temple  Primers "  with  the  Dent-Macmillan 
imprint. 

A  volume  of  the  "  Literary  Essays  of  Thomas  Bab- 
ington  Macaulay,"  containing  six  numbers,  edited  by 
Mr.  George  A.  Watrous,  is  published  by  Messrs.  T.  Y. 
Crowell  &  Co. 

Volume  XII.  of  the  larger  "  Temple  "  Shakespeare 
(Dent-Macmillan)  contains  the  poems  and  sonnets, 
together  with  a  life  of  the  poet,  and  completes  this 
highly  satisfactory  edition. 

Messrs.  Crane  &  Co.,  Topeka,  are  the  publishers 
of  "  Economics,"  a  school  and  college  text-book  by 
Dr.  Frank  W.  Blackmar.  The  volume  contains  over 
five  hundred  pages  of  matter,  and,  being  rather  con- 
densed in  statement,  covers  an  unusual  extent  of 
ground. 

Nos.  104  to  111  of  the  "  Old  South  Leaflets  "  come 
to  us  bound  together  into  a  pamphlet.  They  have  for 
their  general  subject  "  The  United  States  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,"  and  include  papers  by  Jefferson, 
Calhoun,  Lincoln,  Horace  Mann,  Rufus  Choate,  and 
Kossuth. 

"  The  Chord,"  which  is  an  English  quarterly  peri- 
odical devoted  to  the  art  of  music,  begins  its  second 
year  with  the  number  dated  September,  and  just  re- 
ceived by  us.  It  is  imported  by  the  A.  Wessels  Co., 
and  differs  from  most  periodicals  in  the  fact  that  each 
number,  a  small  quarto  in  size,  is  neatly  bound  in 
boards. 

"The  Immortal,"  "Thirty  Years  in  Paris,"  and 
"  Little  What's  His  Name,"  together  with  a  number  of 
minor  pieces,  form  the  contents  of  three  new  volumes 
in  the  library  edition  of  Daudet  published  by  Messrs. 
Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  Mr.  George  Burnham  Ives  is 
the  translator  of  the  first  two  of  these  volumes,  and 
Miss  Jane  Minot  Sedgwick  of  the  third. 

Volumes  III.,  V.,  and  VI.  of  "  The  World's  Orators," 
edited  by  Dr.  Guy  Carleton  Lee,  have  just  been  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  Volume  III. 
includes  orators  of  the  early  and  mediaeval  church,  with 
examples  of  such  men  as  St.  Paul,  Origen,  Athanasius, 
the  Gregories,  Augustine,  Anselm,  and  St.  Bernard. 
Volume  V.  includes  orators  of  modern  Europe,  with 
examples  from  Mirabeau,  Napoleon,  Lamartine,  Kos- 
suth, Mazzini,  Castelar,  Bismarck,  and  others.  Volume 
VI.  is  devoted  to  English  orators  before  1800,  and 


includes  among  many  names  those  of  Bacon,  Eliot, 
Strafford,  Cromwell,  Walpole,  Burke,  the  Pitts,  Fox, 
and  Sheridan.  The  numerous  portrait  illustrations 
constitute  a  particularly  attractive  feature  of  these 
handsome  volumes. 

Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  send  us  three  French 
texts  that  are  sure  of  a  welcome.  Professor  E.  E. 
Brandon  is  the  editor  of  an  abridgment  of  "  Le  Comte 
de  Monte- Cristo,"  and  Professor  E.  S.  Lewis  has 
edited  (but  without  abridgment)  "  La  Tulipe  Noire." 
Our  third  text  is  a  "  Histoire  de  France,"  extracted 
from  the  courses  of  M.  Ducoudray  by  Professor  O.  B. 
Super. 

The  American  Book  Co.  publish  the  "  Elements  of 
Physics,"  as  prepared  for  high  schools  by  Professors 
Henry  A.  Rowland  and  Joseph  S.  Ames.  It  is  a  for- 
tunate thing  that  writers  of  such  eminence  are  willing 
to  devote  their  attention  to  elementary  manuals  of  this 
sort,  and  the  book  again  reminds  us  how  much  better 
off  is  the  science  teacher  of  to-day  than  was  his  prede- 
cessor of  not  many  years -ago. 

Messrs.  Silver,  Burdett,  &  Co.  publish  a  volume  en- 
titled "  Ballads  of  American  Bravery,"  and  edited  by 
Mr.  Clinton  Scollard.  How  strictly  up-to-date  is  the 
selection  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  it  includes  such 
recent  poets  as  Mr.  Wallace  Rice  and  Mr.  Barrett  East- 
man, such  recent  themes  as  Santiago  and  Manila.  But 
the  older  poets  and  the  older  heroisms  are  by  no  means 
neglected.  The  editor  had  the  uses  of  schools  in  mind 
when  he  made  this  collection,  but  others  than  teachers 
will  be  glad  to  have  it. 

Professor  J.  B.  Bury's  "  History  of  Greece  to  the 
Death  of  Alexander  the  Great,"  published  by  the 
Macmillan  Co.,  achieves  the  difficult  aim  of  being 
equally  valuable  for  the  college  student  and  for  the 
general  reader.  The  author  is  an  accomplished  scholar 
as  well  as  the  master  of  a  dignified  style,  and  the  nine 
hundred  pages  of  his  work  leave  little  to  be  desired  as 
to  either  content  or  form.  The  illustrations,  although 
not  numerous,  are  judiciously  chosen,  and  add  much  to 
the  value  of  the  work. 

Still  another  "  Source  Book  of  English  History  "  has 
just  been  published.  It  is  the  work  of  Miss  Elizabeth 
Kimball  Kendall,  and  bears  the  imprint  of  the 
Macmillan  Co.  Designed  for  students  and  general 
readers  alike,  it  is  evident  that  an  important  aim  of  the 
work  is  to  provide  a  suitable  collection  of  source  ma- 
terial for  use  in  connection  with  the  manual  of  English 
history  which  Miss  Kendall  prepared  a  year  or  two 
ago  in  collaboration  with  Miss  Coman,  her  fellow 
instructor  in  Wellesley  College.  It  should  be  promptly 
introduced  into  all  the  schools  that  make  use  of  that 
admirable  text-book. 

We  have  received  from  the  Oxford  University  Press 
a  copy  of  their  "  two-version  "  edition  of  the  Bible,  a 
publication  which  gives  the  text  of  the  Authorized 
Version,  and,  in  the  margin  of  each  page,  all  of  the 
alterations,  down  to  the  minutest  detail  of  punctuation, 
made  by  the  scholars  to  whom  we  owe  the  Revised 
Version.  This  arrangement  obviates  the  vexatious 
necessity  of  consulting  two  volumes  at  the  same  time, 
and  will  be  welcomed  by  Bible  workers  of  every  sort. 
The  volume  is  otherwise  a  wonder  of  book-making, 
being  printed  on  Oxford  India  paper,  the  1384  pages, 
together  with  the  indexed  atlas,  making  a  volume  of 
about  one  inch  in  thickness.  It  is  bound  in  flexible 
seal,  with  gold  edges. 


440 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

December,  1900. 

Alpine  Christmas  Play.   E.  Martinengo  Cesaresco.   Atlantic. 
Anti-Masonic  Mystification,  An.     H.  C.  Lea.    Lippincott. 
Arctic  Regions,  Discoveries  in  Our.     World's  Work. 
Banking,  Chinese  System  of.     Charles  Denby.     Forum. 
Bernbardt  and  Coquelin.     Henry  Fouquier.     Harper. 
Bible,  Significant  Knowledge  of  the.     Century. 
British  Shipping,  Development  of.    Benj.  Taylor.    Forum. 
Campaign,  Lessons  of  the.    Perry  S.  Heath.    Forum. 
Chavannes,  Puvis  de.    John  La  Farge.    Scribner. 
Coal,  American,  for  England.    Q.  C.  Locket.    Forum. 
Congress,  Programme  for.    H.  L.  West.    Forum. 
Cuban  Republic,  Can  There  Ever  Be  a  ?    Forum. 
Cuban  Republic— Limited.    Walter  Wellman.    Rev.  of  Rev. 
Daly,  Marcus,  Empire-Builder.    S.  E.  Moffett.    Rev.  of  Rev. 
District  of  Columbia,  100  Years  of.  Albert  Shaw.  Rev.  of  Rev. 
East  London  Types.    Sir  Walter  Besant.     Century. 
Education,  Higher,  of  Women  in  France.    Forum. 
Financial  Feat,  Greatest.    J.  K.  Upton.     World's  Work. 
George  Eliot's  Fiction.    W.  C.  Brownell.     Scribner. 
Happiness,  Pursuit  of.     C.  D.  Warner.     Century. 
Hugo,  Victor,  as  Artist.    Benjamin-Constant.     Harper. 
Isthmian  Canal,  The  Best.    H.  L.  Abbot.    Atlantic. 
Miiller,  Max.     Charles  Johnston.     Review  of  Reviews. 
Millionaire,  Education  of  a.    Truxton  Beale.     Forum. 
Negro,  Paths  of  Hope  for  the.    Jerome  Dowd.     Century. 
New  England  Authors,  Old  Age  of.    Rev.  of  Reviews. 
New  England  Town,  A.    John  Fiske.    Atlantic. 
Odell,  Gov.-Elect,  of  New  York.  Lyman  Abbott.  Rev.  of  Rev. 
Ophir,  Discovery  of.    Carl  Peters.    Harper. 
Pacific,  America  in  the.    John  Barrett.    Forum. 
Peking  Relief  Column,  The.    Frederick  Palmer.     Century. 
Peking  Wall,  Struggle  on.    W.  N.  Pethick.     Century. 
Penology,  Progress  in.    S.  J.  Barrows.    Forum. 
Philippines,  Navy  in  the.   Admiral  Watson.    World's  Work. 
Political  Changes  of  Century.  P.S.  Reinsch.  World's  Work. 
Profit-Sharing.    W.  H.  Tolman.     Century. 
Protective  System,  Economic  Basis  of.   J.  P.  Young.  Forum. 
Public  Library,  A  Model.    George  lies.     World's  Work. 
Reciprocity  Commission,  Work  of.    J.  B.  Osborne.    Forum. 
Rhine,  Down  the.    Augustine  Birrell.     Century. 
Sculptors,  American,  A  Triumph  of.     World's  Work. 
Slums,  A  Way  out  of  the.    Jacob  Riis.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Strategic  War  Game  at  U.  S.  Naval  College.    Lippincott. 
Town  and  Country  Club.    Lillian  Betts.    Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Vacation  Schools.    Helen  C.  Putnam.    Forum. 
War  as  a  Moral  Medicine.    Goldwin  Smith.    Atlantic. 
Washington,  City  of  Leisure.    A.  Maurice  Low.    Atlantic. 
Working  Life,  Betterment  of.  R.  E.  Phillips.  World's  Work. 
Young  Men's  Chances.    H.  H.  Lewis.     World's  Work. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list  containing  110  titles,  is  made  up  of 
Holiday  and  Juvenile  publications  only,  and  includes  all  books 
in  these  departments  received  by  THE  DIAL  to  the  present  date 
not  previously  acknowledged.] 

HOLIDAY  GIFT-BOOKS. 

Complete  Poetical  Works  of  Elizabeth  Barrett  Brown- 
ing, "Coxhoe"  edition.  Edited  by  Charlotte  Porter  and 
Helen  A.  Clarke.  In  6  vols.,  with  photogravure  frontis- 
pieces, 24mo,  gilt  tops.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  $4  50. 

Elizabeth  and  her  German  Garden,  and  The  Solitary 
Summer.  New  editions ;  each  illus.  in  photogravure  from 
photographs  by  the  author.  8vo,  gilt  tops,  uncut. 
Macmillan  Co.  Per  vol.,  $2.50. 

Penelope's  Experiences  in  England  and  Scotland.  By 
Kate  Douglas  Wiggin ;  illus.  by  Charles  E.  Brock.  In 
2  vols.,  12mo,  gilt  tops.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  84. 

Rabaiy ;it  of  Omar  Kbayyam.  Rendered  in  English  Verse 
by  Edward  FitzGerald ;  with  drawings  by  Florence  Lund- 
borg.  8vo,  gilt  top.  Doxey's.  $5. 


Yesterdays  with  Authors.  By  James  T.  Fields.   Holiday 

edition;  illus  with  photogravure  portraits,  etc.,  8vo,  gilt 

top,  pp.  419.     Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.     $3.50. 
Eleanor.    By  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward  ;  illus.   by  Albert  E. 

Sterner.     In  2  vols.,  12mo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.     Harper  & 

Brothers.    $3. 
A  Little  Tour  in  France.    By  Henry  James;  illus.  by 

Joseph  Pennell.   12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  350.  Houghton, 

Mifflin  &  Co.    $3. 
Meditations    of   Marcus    Aurelius.     Trans,    by    Meric 

Casaubon,  P.  of  D. ;  edited  by  W.  H.  D.  Rouse,    Illus. 

in  photogravure,   8vo,   gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  218.     E.  P. 

Dutton  &  Co.    $3. 
Essayes  or  Counsels  of  Francis  Bacon.  Edited  by  Walter 

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Historic   Towns  of  the  Southern  States.     Edited  by 

Lyman  P.  Powell.     Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  8vo,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  604.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $3.50. 
Stories  of  Famous  Songs.    By  S.  J.  Adair  FitzGerald. 

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The  Temptation  of  Friar  Gonsol :  The  Story  of  the  Devil, 

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edition  ;  illus..  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  100.  Washington,  D.  C. : 

Woodward  &  Lothrop.    $3.  net. 
The  Psalms  of  David.    Illustrated  and  decorated  by  Louis 

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David  Harum:  A  Story  of  American  Life.     By  Edward 

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The    Scottish    Chiefs.     By  Miss  Jane  Porter ;   illus.  by 

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uncut,  pp.  221.     Harper  &  Brothers.    Si. 50. 
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Nature   Studies.    Selected  from    the   Writings  of    John 

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Stokes  Co.    $1.25. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


441 


Among:  the  Great  Masters  of  Literature :  Scenes  in  the 

Lives  of  Great  Authors.     Compiled  by  Walter  Rowlands. 

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THE    DIAL 


In  NATURE'S 
REALM 

By   DR.   CHARLES   C.   ABBOTT, 

Author  of  "Upland  and  Meadoiu"  "Notes 
of  the  Night,"  "Outings  at  Odd  Times,"  etc. 
ILLUSTRATED  BY  OLIVER  KEMP. 
With  a  photogravure  frontispiece  and  ninety  drawings, 
8vo,  hand-sewed,  broad  margins,  extra  superfine,  dull- 
surfaced,  pure  cotton-fibre  paper,  deckle  edges,  gilt  top, 
and  picture-cover  in  three  tints  and  gold  ;  309  pp.,  fully 
indexed.      Price,  #2.50  NET. 

PRESS  NOTICES. 

He  writes  delightfully.— Courant  (Hartford). 

An  artistic  work.  .  .  .  Delightful  .  .  .  instructive. —  Constitution 
(Atlanta). 

A  book  to  be  treasured.  Serenely  philosophical,  keenly  observ- 
ant, 'intellectually  suggestive,  the  placid  marshalling  of  the  less 
obvious  facts  of  nature,  with  their  gentle  spiritual  interpretation  from 
Dr.  Abbott's  pen  to  make  us  all  human  together,  is  a  real  triumph  of 
literature.— The  Dial  (Chicago). 

It  is  a  delight  equally  to  the  outward  eye  and  "that  inward  eye 
which  is  the  bliss  of  solitude." — Hetald  (Taunton). 

The  great  thing  about  his  essays  and  sketches  on  his  rambling 
excursions  is  their  unfailing  charm. —  Herald  (Boston). 

He  is  in  close  touch  with  Nature.  He  is  acquainted  with  her  varying 
moods. —  Spy  (Worcester). 

A  beautiful  book  that  will  delight  every  lover  of  Nature  in  its  quiet 
haunts.  .  .  .  The  book  is  an  educator  in  its  best  meaning  to  old  and 
young  alike. —  Inter  Ocean  (Chicago). 

Dr.  Abbott  has  long  held  an  honored  place  among  the  few  true 
lovers  of  nature  whom  she  has  .blessed  with  the  gift  of  telling  to  others 
the  secrets  she  betrays  only  to  her  votaries,  the  delights  she  gives 
freely  to  those  who  will  search  for  them  diligently,  with  eyes  to  see 
and  ears  to  hear.  .  .  .  These  studies  gain  by  a  second  reading,  and  a 
third,  as  does  their  reader.  The  illustrator  must  be  in  close  touch 
with  Nature  himself;  he  certainly  is  with  his  author,  the  charm  of 
^whose  text  he  interprets  with  rare  felicity. — Mail  and  Express  (N.Y.) 

Not  long  ago,  in  reviewing  Mr.  Wishart's  important  history  of 
"Monks  and  Monasteries,"  The  Times  had  occasion  to  speak  of  the 
dignified  form  which  had  been  given  to  the  book  by  a  new  publisher, 
Albert  Brandt,  of  Trenton.  From  the  Brandt  press  we  have  now 
another  noteworthy  volume,  presenting  the  work  of  a  familiar  author, 
but  presenting  it  with  a  richness  of  external  form  it  has  not  had 
before.  This  is  "  In  Nature's  Realm,"  by  Dr.  Charles  C.  Abbott.  All 
readers  are  familiar  with  Dr.  Abbott's  sympathetic  nature  studies. 
He  is  one  of  those  men,  like  White  of  Selborne,  who  do  not  need  to 
go  far  afield  to  find  matter  to  interest  them ;  to  whom  the  woods  and 
meadows,  the  streams  and  the  skies  of  their  own  vicinage  are  unfailing 
sources  of  delight ;  who  know  the  signs  of  the  seasons  and  their  myriad 
manipulations  of  animal  and  vegetable  life,  and  who  can  describe 
what  they  see,  not  merely  with  scientific  accuracy,  but  with  poetic 
appreciation.  .  .  .  The  dainty  vignettes  and  marginal  illustrations 
which  decorate  the  fine  broad  pages  are  the  work  of  Oliver  Kemp,  who 
is  to  be  credited  also  with  the  fascinating  cover  design.  .  .  .  Mr.  Brandt 
lias  presented  his  neighbor's  work  in  a  form  of  which  it  is  altogether 
worthy,  and  has  made  a  book  that  will  attract  attention  by  its  beauty. 
—Times  (Philadelphia), 


A     SHORT     HISTORY     OF 

MONKS 

&  MONASTERIES 

By  ALFRED  WESLEY  WISHART, 

Sometime  Fellow  in  Church  History  in  The  University  of 
Chicago.  With  four  photogravures,  8vo,  hand-sewed, 
laid-antique  pure  cotton-fibre  paper,  broad  margins, 
deckle  edges,  gilt  top,  454  pages,  fully  indexed.  Price, 
$3. 50  NET.  

PRESS  NOTICES. 

Remarkably  comprehensive  and  accurate,  and,  best  of  all,  interest- 
ing.—  Home  Journal  (New  York). 

Fascinating. — News  Tribune  (Detroit). 

Splendid.— Sunday  Herald  (Rochester). 

A  narrative  of  absorbing  interest.—  Argonaut  (San  Francisco). 

Will  not  fail  to  attract  wide  attention  and  interest.—  Mail  and 
Empire  (Toronto). 

When  James  Anthony  Froude  undertook  to  write  the  History  of 
the  Saints  he  encountered  the  same  obstacles  that  Alfred  Wesley 
Wishart  met  in  writing  his  excellent  work,  "Monks  and  Monasteries." 
There  were  unlimited  materials  from  which  to  draw,  but  without  suf- 
ficient authenticity  to  justify  the  record  to  be  made  up  from  them. 
The  late  professor  of  history  at  Oxford  gave  up  the  task  as  a  vain  one, 
but  Mr.  Wishart  has  pursued  his  to  a  successful  conclusion,  and  hav- 
ing winnowed  the  grain  from  its  disproportionate  quantity  of  chaff, 
presents  us  with  a  volume  for  which  students  and  general  readers 
must  alike  feel  grateful.  He  has  sifted  his  authorities  so  carefully 
that  the  book  has  the  stamp  of  truth  in  every  statement  placed  there, 
however  so  deftly,  tint  the  literary  grace  of  the  work  is  fully  and 
delightfully  preserved.  Scholarly  without  being  pedantic,  earnest 
and  careful  without  showing  either  prejudice  or  partisanship,  he 
sweeps  the  great  field  which  his  title  includes,  with  a  strength  and 
evenness  that  give  the  book  the  hall-mark  of  sterling  worth.  His  con- 
clusions are  drawn  upon  no  hypothetical  grounds,  and  if  modestly  pre- 
sented do  not  lack  the  convincing  qualities  which  Mr.  Wishart  so 
plainly  sees  and  so  effectively  puts  into  view.— Times  (Philadelphia). 

A  valuable  contribution  to  the  voluminous  historical  literature  of 
the  Catholic  church.—  Picayune  (New  Orleans). 

It.  emphatically  ought  to  take  rank  among  the  favorite  volumes  in 
the  libraries  of  students  of  the  middle  ages. —  North  American 
(Philadelphia). 

The  author  has  performed  his  gigantic  task  ably,  .  .  .  admirably, 
showing  the  true  balance  and  the  attractive  impartiality  of  the  true 
historian. — Journal  (Boston). 

Thoroughly  interesting  and  thoroughly  trustworthy.  .  .  .  We 
heartily  commend  the  work.—McAfn,itfr  University  MnrilMy  (Toronto). 

A  work  of  equal  erudition  and  elegance. —  Tribune  (Chicago). 

A  captivating  theme.  ...  A  well-told  tale.  .  .  .  Vivid  and  clear. 
.  .  .  The  writer  is  to  be  praised  for  the  impartial  spirit  he  exhibits.  .  .  . 
The  volume  proclaims  the  student  qualities  of  the  author.  His  schol- 
arship is  lighted  up  with  a  clear  and  discriminating  literary  style. — 
Times  (New  York). 

Comprehensive  and  scholarly  .  .  .  direct  and  lucid. —  Express 
(Buffalo). 


To  be  had  of  all  booksellers,  or  sent  carriage  free,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

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444 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


"  Jl  work  of  contempor- 
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personal  interest,  pictur- 
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Eccentricities 

of 
Genius 


By 


Major  J.  B.  POND 


IT  contains  Anecdotes,  Tales,  and  choice  Bio- 
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East  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  by  S.  F.  DKNTON. 
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Guides  in  the  Natural  History  of  the  North. 

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6.  Fresh  Water  Fishes.  7.  Turtles,  Snakes,  Frogs,  etc.  8.  Flies 
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THE    BOOK  OF   KING   ARTHUR 

AND  HIS  NOBLE  KNIGHTS. 

Stories  from  Sir  Thomas  Malory's  Morte  d'Arthur,  by  MART  MAC- 
LEOD,  with  introductions  by  John  W.  Hobs.  Drawings  by  A.  G. 
Walker,  Sculptor.  Uniform  with  Stories  from  the  Faerie  Queene. 
Small  4to,  cloth,  $1.50. 

FIDDLESTICKS. 

By  HILDA  COWHAM.  Rhymes  and  jingles  for  children.  Most  artist- 
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THE  ENCHANTED  DOLL.  By  MABK  LKMON.  With  illustrations 
by  Richard  Doyle. 

THE  STORY  WITHOUT  AN  END.  By  FBIBDRICH  WILHBLM 
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FAVOURITE  FABLES  FOR  TINY  TOTS.  With  illustrations  by 
A.  8.  Wilkinson. 

SONGS  OF  INNOCENCE.  By  WILLIAM  BLAKE.  With  illustrations 
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THE  SEVEN  CHAMPIONS  OF  CHRISTENDOM.  With  illus- 
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NEW  SPANISH  POCKET  DICTIONARY. 

Spanish-English  and  English-Spanish. 

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Trade  Terms,  with  lists  of  Irregular  Verbs,  Proper  Names,  and  Com- 
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THE  SHADOW  OF  THE  CLIFF.    By  CATHERINE  E.  MALLANDAINB. 
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LONE  STAR  BLOCK  HOUSE.    By  F.  B.  FOBRESTBB.    12mo,  cloth, 

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EVERYDAY    HEROES.    Stories  of   bravery  during  the  Queen's 

reign,  1837-1900.     Compiled  from  public  and  private  sources.     New 

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LEILA'S  QUEST,  and  What  Came  of   It.    By  EMMA  LESLIE. 
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Books  to  Recommend 


The  "Kate  Ingleby"  Edition  of  Andrew  Balfour's 

Popular  Novel. 
VENGEANCE  IS  MINE. 

A  feature  of  this  edition  is  a  superb  platinum  photograph 
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frame  on  the  cover.  Size,  7%x5%  ;  308  pages,  $1.60. 

Fourth  Edition.  —  The  New  Grant  Allen  Romance. 

LINNET. 

With  a  superb  photogravure  portrait  of  Grant  Allen.  Size 
of  book,  7%x5%  inches;  400  pages,  $1.50. 

A  Complete  Edition. 
GRIMM'S  FAIRY  TALES. 

Translated  by  BEATRICE  MARSHALL.  Beautifully  illust- 
rated. 8%  x  6, 637pp.,  $1.50.  Library  edition,  gilt  top,  paper 
label,  $2.00. 

By  the  British  Louisa  Alcott. 

MISS  BOBBIE. 

By  ETHEL  TURNER.  A  charming  story  for  girls.  Beauti- 
fully illustrated.  Thick  12mo,  $1.25. 


Two  Magnificent  Gift  Books. 

THE  MADONNA  AND  CHILD. 

By  EDWARD  GILBERT.  Containing  Six  Photo-Mezzo  En- 
gravings of  Pictures  belonging  to  the  Italian  School  in  the 
National  Gallery,  London.  Size  of  book,  12  x  9  inches.  Bound 
in  half  vellum,  $2.00  net.  In  full  vellum,  edition  on  India 
paper,  limited  to  100  copies  (first  impressions  from  the 
plates),  $5.00  net. 

CHRIST  THE  REDEEMER. 

Being  extracts  from  the  works  of  three  17th  Century 
writers  —  ROBERT  HERRICK,  GEORGE  HERBERT,  and  BISHOP 
KEN.  Containing  Six  Photo-Mezzo  Engravings  of  Pictures 
belonging  to  the  Italian  School  of  the  15th  and  16th  Cen- 
turies. Size  of  book,  12x9.  Bound  in  full  vellum,  edition 
on  India  paper,  limited  to  100  copies,  $5.00  net. 


THE  BOOK  OF  THE  WEST. 

By  S.  BARING  GOULD.    With  128  magnificent  pictures. 
Three  volumes,  $1.50  vol. 

THE  SCIENTIGIC  STUDY  OF  SCENERY. 

By  JOHN  E.  MARK,  M.A.    With  beautiful  full-page  pho- 
tos, $1.50. 

LADYSMITH. 

The  Story  of  a  Siege  from  the  Inside. 

By  H.  W.  NEVINSON,   editor-in-chief  of  London  Daily 
Chronicle.    Uniquely  illustrated,  $1.50. 

YANKEE  GIRLS  ABROAD. 

Pictured  in  colors  by  J.  M.  FLAGG.    A  beautiful  gift  book. 
The  pictures  are  10  x  14.    Price,  $3.50. 

A  NEW  EDITION  OF 

BACHELOR  BALLADS. 

Over  50  pictures  in  colors.    All  the  favorite  ballads.    Strik- 
ing cover  design.    $1.50.    

New  Amsterdam  Book  Company 

156  5th  Ave.,  NEW  YORK. 


446 


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SILVER,  BURDETT  &  Co.'S  NEW  BOOKS 

The  Duke  of  Stockbridge 

A  Romance  of  Shays'  Rebellion. 
By  EDWARD  BELLAMY,  author  of  "Looking  Back- 
ward."   382  pp.    Illustrated.    Cloth,  $1.50. 
A  historic  novel  of  thrilling  dramatic  power,  lightened  by  touches 
of  delightful  humor  and  graphic  pictures  of  Colonial  life.    The 
humanitarian  element  that  inspired  Looking  Backward  is  here  also. 

The  Wall  Street  Point  of  View 

A  Business  Man's  Book  by  a  Business  Man. 
By  HENRY  CLEWS.     306  pp.     With   Photogravure 
Portrait.     Cloth,  $1.50. 
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Ballads  of  American  Bravery 

Edited  with  notes  by  CLINTON  SCOLLARD.     237  pp. 
Cloth,  75  cts. 

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The  Heart  of  the  Ancient  Wood 

By  CHARLES  G.  D.  ROBERTS.     288  pp.     Illustrated. 
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A  realistic  romance  of  the  alliance  of  peace  between  a  pioneer 
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Other  books  by  Prof.  Roberts:    "The  Forge  in  the  Forest," 
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Historic  Pilgrimages  in  New  England 

Among    Landmarks    of    Pilgrim    and    Puritan 
Days.     By  EDWIN  M.  BACON.     488  pp.     131 
illustrations.    Cloth,  $1.50. 
A  delightfully  told  narrative,  based  on  personal  visits  to  famous 
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Dido:  An  Epic  Tragedy 

A  Dramatization  from   the  JEneid  of   Vergil.     Ar- 
ranged and  translated  by  Professor  FRANK  J. 
MILLER,  University  of  Chicago,  with  stage  set- 
tings, actions,  and  music  by  J.  Raleigh  Nelson. 
Illustrated.     Sq.  16mo,  gilt  top,  $1.00. 

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LONDON  SPECTATOR:  "A  charming  romance." 

LONDON  SATURDAY  REVIEW:  "Wholly  delightful." 

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of  the  most  refreshing  love  stories  of  modern  fiction." 


AT  ALL  BOOKSELLERS.    PRICE,  $1.50. 

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1900.]  THE    DIAL  447 

NEW  HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS 

RAMONA    By  HELEN  HUNT  JACKSON 

Monterey  Edition.     With  25  photogravure  plates  and  numerous  chapter  headings  by  HENRY 

SANDHAM.     2  vols.     8vo,  cloth  extra,  in  cloth  box,  $6.00. 
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The  new  edition  of  "  Ramona  "   is  in  every  respect  worthy  of  the  story's   undying 
qualities  as  a  work  of  literary  art. — CHICAGO  TRIBUNE. 

In  and  Around  the  Grand  Canyon 

The  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado  River  in  Arizona.     By  GEORGE  WHARTON  JAMES.    With 

100  illustrations.     8vo,  $3.00. 

Not  only  a  thorough  account  of  the  formation  and  magnificent  scenery  of  the  Grand  Canyon,  but  a  work 
of  adventure.     The  accounts  of  the  early  explorers  are  dramatic  and  absorbing  in  interest. 

Falaise.    The  Town  of  the  Conqueror 

By  ANNA  BOWMAN  DODD,  author  of  "  Three  Normandy  Inns."    Illustrated.    Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 

The  Pilgrim  Shore 

By  EDMUND  H.  GARRETT.      With  water-color  frontispiece,  and  pen-and-ink  drawings  by  the 
author.     12mo,  $2  00  ;  crushed  morocco,  gilt  edge,  $4.50.     Second  edition. 

The  Judgment  of  Peter  and  Paul  on  Olympus 

By  HENRYK  SIENKIEWICZ,  author  of  "  Quo  Vadis."     Authorized  translation  by  JEREMIAH 
CURTIN.     Illustrated  and  printed  in  two  colors.     Small  4to,  75  cents. 

FOR  YOUNGER  READERS 


A  CHILD  OF  GLEE 

By   A.   G.   PLYMPTON,   author   of    "Dear   Daughter 


DORIS  AND  HER  DOG  RODNEY 

By  LILY  F.  WESSELHOEFT.     Second  edition. 


Dorothy."     Second  edition. 

GOLD  SEEKING  ON  THE  DALTON  TRAIL 

The  Adventures  of  Two  New  England  Boys  in  Alaska  and  the  Northwest  Territory.    By  ARTHUR  R.  THOMPSON. 


BRENDA,  HER  SCHOOL  AND  HER  CLUB 

By  HELEN  LEAH  REED. 


A  LITTLE  AMERICAN  GIRL  IN  INDIA 

By  HARRIET  A.  CHEEVER. 


THE  WORLD'S  DISCOVERERS 

The  Story  of  Bold  Voyages  by  Brave  Navigators  During  a  Thousand  Years.     By  WILLIAM  HENRY  JOHNSON. 


PHEBE,  HER  PROFESSION 

By  ANNA  CHAPIN  RAY,  author  of  "  Teddy,  Her  Book." 
Second  edition. 


SCOUTING  FOR  WASHINGTON 

By  JOHN  PRESTON  TRUE,  author  of  "  The  Iron  Star." 
Second  edition. 


The  above  eight  books,  attractively  bound  and  illustrated.     I2mo.    Each.  $1.50 

THE  CHRISTMAS  ANGEL 

By  KATHARINE  PYLE.     Illustrated  by  the  author.     Second  edition. 


THE  YOUNG  AND  OLD  PURITANS  OF 
HATFIELD 


NAN'S  CHICOPEE  CHILDREN 
By  MYRA  SAWYER  HAMLIN.     Second  edition. 


By  MARY  P.  WELLS  SMITH.     Second  edition. 

The  above,  prettily  bound  and  illustrated.     12mo.    Each,  $1.25 

TOM'S  BOY 

By  the  author  of  "  Miss  Toosey's  Mission."     Illustrated.     16mo,  $1.00. 

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NEW  BOOKS 

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THE  ROBERT  CLARKE  COMPANY,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


Recollections  of  a  Lifetime 

By  General  ROELIFF  BKINKEKHOFF.  1  vol.,  8vo,  462  pages, 
cloth.  $2.00. 

"  General  Brinkerhoff  was  the  close  friend  of  Stanton,  Chase,  and 
Blaine.  He  knew  Lincoln,  Grant,  and  Garfield  intimately.  He  was  a 
schoolmate  aud  lifelong  friend  of  Roscoe  Conkling.  But  it  is  his 
record  of  events  prior  to  the  war  when  he  was  still  a  young  man  in  his 
'teens,  that  General  Brinkerhoff  is  even  more  interesting  than  in  his 
story  of  the  more  bustling  events  in  which  he  always  took  a  more  or 
less  active  part.  The  glimpses  he  gives  of  the  old  antebellum  days  in 
the  South  and  into  the  old  plantation  homes  in  the  slaveholding  times, 
bring  vividly  before  the  reader  that  old  semi-patriarchal  southern 
civilization  which  now  is  all  but  forgotten."  —  Sun  (New  York). 

Selected  Writings  of  Isaac  M.  Wise 

With  a  Biography  by  the  joint  Editors  of  the  book,  Rabbi 
DAVID  PHILIPSON  and  Rabbi  Louis  GROSSMANN,  D.D. 
Crown  8vo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

During  the  fifty  years  of  his  literary  activity,  Dr.  Wise  wrote  upon 
well-nigh  every  subject  of  interest  in  the  development  of  Jewish  life 
and  thought  in  America.  In  making  their  selections  from  the  great 
mass  of  material  at  their  disposal  the  editors  have  been  guided  by  the 
purpose  of  choosing  such  writings  as  shall  exhibit  the  rounded  career 
of  the  leader  who  has  stood  at  the  front  of  American  Jewish  life  for 
half  a  century. 

My  Mysterious  Clients. 

By  HARVEY  SCRIBNER,  of  the  Toledo  (Ohio)  Bar.    1  vol., 

12rao,  cloth,  illustrated.     $1.25. 

"The  author  has  drawn  upon  his  legal  experience  and  observation  for 
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ter, or  in  their  denouement,  and  the  reader,  whether  lawyer  or  layman, 
is  certain  to  feel  a  strong  interest  as  to  the  outcome  of  each. " —  Plain 
Dealer  (Cleveland). 

"The  sketches  are  unique  in  modern  fiction,  as  they  deal  with  inner 
views  of  the  lawyer's  profession.  It  is  a  field  hitherto  unworked,  and 
the  author  has  demonstrated  that  it  is  an  attractive  one."  —  Time* 
(Toledo). 


That  Kentucky  Campaign; 

Or,  THE  LAW,  THE  BALLOT,  AND  THE  PEOPLE   IN   THE 
GOEBEL-TAYLOR  CONTEST.    By  HUGHES,  SCHAEFER,  and 
WILLIAMS.    8vo,  100  illustrations.    $1.75. 
The  book  does  not  offer  to  solve  the  questions  brought  out  in  the 
political  campaign  in  Kentucky.     It  is  a  simple  narrative,  in  direct 
language,  relating  the  evolution  of  the  strife,  of  the  culminations  that 
attended  it,  and  of  the  harsh  discord  that  rang  out  from  the  historic 
yet  romantic  atmosphere  of  "the  dark  and  bloody  ground." 

Shaksper  Not  Shakespeare 

By  WILLIAM  H.  EDWARDS,  author  of  "  Voyage  on  the  River 
Amazon,"  "The  Butterflies  of  North  America,"  etc. 
12mo,  cloth.  $2.00. 

Shaksper  not  Shakespeare,  that  is,  that  William  Shaksper  was  not 
the  writer  of  the  Shakespeare  poems  and  plays.  Not  only  does  Mr. 
Edwards  hold  that  Shaksper  was  unequal  to  the  composition  of  any 
one  of  the  poems  or  plays,  but  he  denies  that  he  ever  acquired  the 
manual  art  of  writing,  even  to  the  extent  of  signing  his  own  name. 

"He  revels  in  old  documents  and  contemporary  records.  He  accu- 
mulates such  a  formidable  array  of  facts,  literary,  biographical,  and 
historical,  that  it  seems  to  need  a  giant  to  hurl  the  pile  to  the  ground. 
.  .  .  The  time  has  gone  by  when  a  mere  shrug  of  the  shoulders  or  the 
utterance  of  the  word  '  Nonsense '  can  be  regarded  as  sufficient  to 
overthrow  the  immense  pile  which  the  anti-Shakespeareans  have  so 
carefully  and  patiently  constructed. "  —  Gazette  (Birgmingham,  Eng.). 

Moorehead's  Prehistoric  Implements 

A  Reference  Book  of  all  the  Weapons,  Ornaments,  Utensils, 
etc.,  of  Ancient  Man  in  the  United  States.  Illustrated, 
8vo,  cloth.  $3.00. 

This  volume  of  over  400  pages  contains  500  figures  illustrating  some 
3,000  different  stone,  shell,  clay,  bone,  copper,  and  flint  relics  of  all 
known  forms  and  types.  It  is  an  illustrated  catalogue  and  is  published 
as  an  aid  to  students  and  collectors  in  classifying  and  naming  exhibits 
or  individual  specimens. 


RECENT  PUBLICATIONS. 

TEMPLE'S    EAST  TENNESSEE  AND  THE   CIVIL  WAR $3.50 

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FOR     ADULTS 
THE  ASCENT  OF  MOUNT  ST.  ELIAS 

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Narrated  by  FILIPPO  DE  FILIPPI 

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YE  WISDOM  OF  CONFUCIUS, 

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This  relates  Jack's  experiences  among  the  Piegan  Indians,  whose 
strange  ways  are  well  pictured. 

Jack  had  many  exciting  adventures  on  the  prairie;  was  called  upon 
one  night  to  defend  the  Indian  camp  against  a  raid  of  horse-steal ers  of 
a  hi'Stile  tribe ;  climbed  the  mountain  for  wild  sheep;  hunted  antelope 
on  the  prairie  ;  chased  the  buffalo  and  found  a  bag  of  gold  Just  which 
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"  The  vital  history  of  a  State 
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told  with  art  and  power." — 


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MADAME  ROLAND 


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— Boston  Journal. 


The  Last  Years  of  the 
ipth  Century 

By  ELIZABETH  WORMELEY  LATIMER 

Author  of  "France  in  the  19th  Century,"  etc  ,  etc.    Illus- 
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of  her  elegant,  familiar  epis- 
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UNCANONIZED 

By  MARGARET  HORTON  POTTER.    12mo,  $1.50 

"  One  of  the  most  powerful  romances  that  has  ever  appeared  over  the  name  of  an  American  writer." — Phila.  Enquirer. 
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The 

Cobbler  of 
Nimes 


By    MARY    IMLAY 
•TAYLOR 


MEMOIRS  OF   ALEXANDER  I.  AND   THE 
COURT  OF  RUSSIA 

By  Alme.  LA  CO/VITESSE  DE  CHOtSEUL-QOUFFIER. 

Translated  from  the  French  by  Mary  Berenice  Patterson.  With  portraits 

12mo,  gilt  top,  deckle  edges,  81.50 

Only  two  copies  of  the  original  of  this  work  are  known  to  exist,  from 
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is  of  exceptional  interest. 

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Author  of  "  On  the  Red  Staircase,"  etc. 

12mo,  $1.25 

A  tale  of  the  Huguenots'  struggle  for  religious  liberty  in 
France  during  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV. 

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Heirs 

of 
Yesterday 

By  EMMA  WOLF 


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The  iron  force  of  tradition  in  the  Jewish  race,  the  influence  of 
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THROUGH  THE  FIRST  ANTARCTIC  NIGHT. 

By  Frederick  A.  Cook,  M.D. 

A  narrative  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Bellgica  among  newly  discovered  lands  and  over  an  unknown 
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MEMOIRS  OF  COUNTESS  POTOCKA. 

An  unusually  vivacious  and  interesting  volume  in  which  the  Countess  gives  her  reminiscences 
of  Napoleon  and  of  many  other  historical  and  famous  characters.  Many  portraits,  views,  and 
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A  WOMAN  TENDERFOOT. 

By    Grace    Gallatin    Seton-Thompson. 

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SONGS  OF  THE  OLD  SOUTH. 

By  Howard  Weeden. 

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THE  MAN  WITH  THE  HOE,  AND  OTHER  POEMS. 

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OLD  SONGS  FOR  YOUNG  AMERICA. 

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THE  PILGRIM'S   PROGRESS: 

From  This  IV or  Id  to  That  Which  is  to  Come. 

BY  JOHN  BUNYAN. 
With    14    full-page    etchings    by    WILLIAM 
STRANG,  printed  on  heavy  laid  paper,  with  full 
gilt  edges.      410,  cloth  binding,  stamped,  $4.00. 

A  ROYAL  RHETORICIAN,  ETC. 

BY  KING  JAMES  VI.  AND  I. 
A  treatise  on   Scottish    Poesie.     A  counter- 
Waste    of  tobacco,  etc.,   etc.,    edited    with    an 
Introduction    by    ROBERT    S.    RAIT.       i6mo, 
cloth,  with  portraits,  $1.25. 

OLD  LONDON  TAVERNS. 

BY  EDWARD  CALLOW. 

Historical,  descriptive,  and  reminiscent,  with 
some  accounts  of  the  coffee  houses,  clubs,  etc. 
Fully  illustrated.  I2mo,  cloth,  $2.00. 


SAMUEL  LOVER. 

The  Works  of  this  Famous  Author. 
6  volumes,  i2mo,  cloth,  gilt  tops        .     $10.50 

Half  morocco        24.00 

The  first  complete  edition  of  this  favorite 
author  ever  issued  in  America.  Printed  in 
large,  clear  type,  with  copious  notes. 

BRIDGE  MANUAL 

BY  R.  F.  FOSTER. 

This  is  the  only  thoroughly  comprehensive 
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destined  to  be  the  most  popular  card  game  of 
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ERASMUS. 

Familiar  colloquies,  and  in  praise  of  folly. 
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DR.  DALE.   A  Novel. 


By  MARION  HARLAND  and  ALBERT  PAYSON  TERHUNE  (mother  and  son). 
I2mo,  cloth,  $150. 

The  scene  of  this  remarkable  story  is  laid  in  the  Oil  Lands  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  a 
region  until  now  strangely  overlooked  by  American  novelists.  The  public,  a-weary  of 
novels  which  enfold  problems  as  sugar  plums  encase  pills,  will  enjoy  a  powerful,  vivid, 
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sin,  and  suffering.  The  movement  quietly  sustained  in  the  earlier  chapters  rises  artistically 
to  a  thrilling  climax  as  the  tale  goes  on.  Marion  Harland  has  never  done  a  better  piece  of 
work,  and  the  strong  hand  and  lively  imagination  of  her  collaborator  infuse  virile  power  into 
certain  passages  and  chapters.  As  the  first  instance  in  the  history  of  literature  in  which 
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AT  ALL  BOOK  STORES. 


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372  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


1900.] 


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CHRISTMAS  GIFTS 

Hill's  Popular  Juveniles  are 
the  Best 

Father  Goose:  His  Book 


Eightieth  Thoutand 


"  It  is  bright,  it  is  original,  it  is  funny.     It  will  tickle  the  little  ones, 
id  we  older  children  can  enjoy  it  just  as  much." 


—Louisville  Courier  Journal. 


The  Songs  of  Father  Goose 


and 


"The  combination  of  rhyme,  picture,  and  music  is  harmonious,  and 
the  publication  is  a  great  success."  —  St.  Louis  Mirror. 

The  Wonderful  Wizard  of  Oz 

Third  Edition:  Twenty jtfth  Thousand 

"  Every  page  of  this  charming  work  is  a  fascination  to  old  and  young 
alike."  —  St.  Paul  Globe. 

The  Army  Alphabet 

The  Navy  Alphabet 

Companion  Volumes.    Each  in  Second  Edition 

"Printed  in  the  best  manner,  and  illustrated  with  a  richness  and 
skill  that  reflects  the  highest  credit  upon  American  artists." 

—  New  Orleans  Picayune. 

The  Animal  Alphabet 

With  Illustrations  From  Life.    Third  Thousand 
"One  of  those  books  for  children  that  are  so  clever  as  to  be  enter- 
taining to  adults  as  well."  —  Chicago  Journal. 

AT  ALL    DEALERS. 

GEORGE  M.  HILL  COMPANY,  Publishers 

CHICAGO   AND   NEW   YORK 

JUST  PUBLISHED. 

The  Mills  of  the  Gods 

By  LOUIS  D'OR.    1  vol.,  12mo,  cloth.    $1.00. 

A  New  England  story  of  present-day  life,  in  which 
interest  is  sustained  by  a  rapid  succession  of  incidents 
and  by  bright  conversations.  The  heroine  is  a  beauti- 
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business,  secures  a  farm  in  the  country  and  retires 
thither  to  live.  The  farm  is  mortgaged  and  the  family 
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CHARLES  CLAYTON 

THE   NEW  MINISTER  AT  WEAVINGTON. 
A  Story  by  KENNETH  PAUL. 

Illustrated.     1  vol.,  12mo,  cloth.    $1.00. 
A  powerful  story  of  present-day  church  and  social 
life.     Charles  Clayton   comes,  fresh  from  college,  to 
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of  his  experience  is  bright  and  entertaining. 

A.  S.  BARNES  &  CO.,  Publishers 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


15TH  THOUSAND  NOW  READY. 

THROUGHOUT  THE 

ENGLISH-SPEAKING   WORLD 
THE  CRITICS,  THE  PRESS,  AND  THE  PUBLIC 

Are  unanimous  in  their  praises  of 

FREDERICK  W.  HAYES' 

Remarkable  Historical  Novel 

"A  KENT  SQUIRE" 

Being  a  Record  of  Certain  Adventures  of  Ambrose 
Qwynett,  Esquire,  of  Thornhaugh. 

Illustrated  with  sixteen  full-page  drawings  by  the  author. 
Size,  7*4  x  5%.  Long  primer  type.  537  pages.  Extra 
paper.  Beautifully  printed.  Exquisite  cover  design. 

PRICE,  $1.50 


N.  Y.  Times  (April  7):  A  well-illustrated  book  is  always  a 
delight. 

The  Bookman :    A  book  to  be  read  and  hugely  enjoyed. 

Mail  and  Express :  Mr.  Hayes'  book  is  essentially  a  novel  of 
adventure  by  land  and  sea,  and  a  good  one. 

The  Daily  Telegraph :  The  book  possesses  merit  of  the  very 
highest  order. 

Newark  Daily  Advertiser  :  It  is  the  best  book  we  have  seen 
in  respect  to  cover,  contents,  and  cuts. 

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to  make  the  reader  unwilling  to  stop  reading  till  the  last  page  has  been 
reached. 

Minneapolis  Times  :    Well  worth  reading. 

The  Liverpool  Mercury  :    Not  a  dull  page  in  the  book. 

The  World  :    This  fascinating  romance. 

Pall  Mall  Gazette:  Throughout,  the  dialogue  is  noticeably 
clever. 

Ladies'  Pictorial:  As  fascinating  in  its  way  as  Dumas'  "Three 
Musketeers." 

The  Dial,  Chicago :  Mr.  Hayes  is  a  new  writer  to  us,  but  he 
deserves  well  of  the  novel-reading  public.  French  and  Spanish  politi- 
cal intrigue,  as  well  as  English,  make  up  a  large  part  of  the  historical 
substance  of  this  highly  exciting  narrative. 

Anna  Katharine  Green:  "A  Kent  Squire"  is  worthy  of  any 
favor  it  may  receive.  The  author  strikes  me  as  being  a  remarkable 
man. 

THE  F.  M.  LUPTON  PUB.  Co., 

52-58  DUANE  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


A  NEW  BOOK 

THE   FIELDS  OF  DAWN 

By   LLOYD  MIFFLIN 

Author  of  "At  the  Gates  of  Song,"  «  The  Slopes  of 
Helicon,"  "  Echoes  of  Greek  Idyls." 

"  These  sonnets  are  pictures  the  beauty  of  which  appeals  to  us, 
so  skilfully,  so  soberly,  so  convincingly  are  they  painted." —  R.  H. 
STODDAKD.  "  He  moves  upon  a  high  level.  Lovers  of  good  poetry 
will  welcome  so  admirable  a  volume." —  Congregational!  st.  "  The 
longer  poem  holds  the  mirror  up  to  nature  and  the  later  sonnets 
are  full  of  imagery  and  beautiful  conceptions."  —  N.  Y.  Observer. 
"When  we  reach  the  last  50  sonnets  we  seem  to  have  entered 
another  world  ;  here  are  some  of  the  best  sonnets  Mr.  Mifflin  has 
written." — Taunton  Herald.  "I  am  inclined  to  think  that  no 
American  poet  in  the  last  twenty-five  years  has  put  forth  so  fine 
a  whole  body  of  sonnets  as  he." — Boston  Transcript.  "The  author 
has  written  in  this  restricted  field  most  skilfully  and  beautifully." 
— Boston  Advertiser.  "  He  possesses  a  remarkable  lyrical  sense  in 
the  interpretation  of  pastoral  life."  —  Boston  Gazette. 


For  sale  by  all  Booksellers,   Sent  postpaid,  $1.25,  by] 

HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN  &  CO.,  BOSTON 


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1900.]  THE    DIAL  467 

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468 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1,  1900. 


FOR 

THE 

GRADES 


THE  COMMITTEE  OF  TEN 
RECOMMEND 


3  STUDY  OF 


PLANTS 


AND  ANIMALS 


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America. 

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THE  WEIRD  ORIENT 

By  HENRY  ILIOWIZI,  author  of  "/»  the  Pale" 

Illustrated  by  a  photogravure  and  half-tones 

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The  Doom  of  Al  Zameri  —  SheddacTs  Palace  of 
Irem  • —  The  Mystery  of  the  Damavant  —  The  Gods 
in  Exile  —  King  Solomon  and  Ashmodai  —  The 
Fate  of  Arzemia  —  The  Student  of  Timbuctu  —  The 
Croesus  of  Yemen  —  A  Night  by  the  Dead  Sea. 

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not  likely  to  require  any  guarantee  of  their  authenticity, 
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early  Jewish  and  Moslem  traditions  and  superstitions." 

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nating book.  Every  one  of  the  nine  tales  teems  with 
a  psychological  interest  as  well  as  affording  entertain- 
ment as  a  story.  ...  So  to  this  wandering  Parsee, 
scattering  jewels  as  he  went,  as  well  as  to  Mr. 
Iliowizi,  are  the  readers  of  this  delightful  volume 
indebted  for  glimpses  into  a  wonderland  full  of  mys- 
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interest,  and  are  set  in  beautiful  language."  — Even- 
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CONTENTS:  Ezra  and  Huldah  —  The  Baal  —  Shem 
his  Golem  —  Friends  in  Life  and  in  Death  —  Czar 
Nicholas  the  First  and  Sir  Moses  Montefiore  —  The 
Czar  in  Rothchild's  Castle  —  The  Legend  of  the  Ten 
Lost  Tribes — -The  Legend  of  the  B'nai  Mosheh  — 
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pert,  Zangwill),  which  have  been  reinforced  by  simi- 
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FAITHS  OF  FAMOUS  MEN 

By  JOHN  KENYON  KILBOURN,  D.D.     Large 

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who  personally  wrote  what  he  wished  included  ;  or 
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THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


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THOMAS  Y.  CROWELL  &   COMPANY,  NEW  YORK 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


475 


THE  POPULARITY  OF 

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18th  STREET' 


476 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  COMPANY'S  NEW  BOOKS 


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THE    DIAL 


477 


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HEROD  — A  Tragedy  in  Three  Acts 

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THE    DIAL,  [Dec  16, 


TWO  GREAT  NOVELS 


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By  ELMORE  ELLIOTT  PEAKE 

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In  its  36th  Thousand 


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1900]  THE    DIAL 


1 

f.    *  •  M     is                                        '            '*  "tf  T  /? 

A  Few  Titles  from  Our  Books 

FOR   THE  YOUNGER  READERS 
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No.  S48. 


DEC.  16,  1900.        Vol.  XXIX. 


CONTENTS. 


THREE    CENTURIES    OF    AMERICAN    LITER- 
ATURE    485 

COMMUNICATIONS 487 

Recent  Christmas  Poetry.   Margaret  Steele  An- 
derson. 

Shakespeare  as  a  Duty.    Melville  B.  Anderson. 
A  Critic  Criticized.    Clifford  Mitchell,  M.D. 

MR.  HOWELLS'S  MEMORIES.    E.G.J..    .    .    .490 

TWO    AMERICAN    STUDENTS    OF    SHAKE- 
SPEARE.   Melville  B.  Anderson 492 

THE  PAGEANTRY  OF  LIFE.    Lewis  Worthington 

Smith 495 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  ...  496 
Mrs.  Ward's  Eleanor.  —  Mrs.  Steel's  The  Hosts  of 
the  Lord.  —  Mrs.  Craigie's  Robert  Orange.  —  Miss 
Silberrad's  The  Lady  of  Dreams.  —  Roberta's  Lord 
Linlithgow.  —  Roberta's  The  Fugitives.  —  Sayre's 
The  Son  of  Carleycrof t.  —  Hinkson's  The  King's 
Deputy.  —  Watson's  Chloris  of  the  Island.  —  Pem- 
berton's  The  Footsteps  of  a  Throne.  — Mrs.  Turn- 
bull's  The  Golden  Book  of  Venice.  —  Miss  Taylor's 
The  Cobbler  of  Nimes. — Lloyd's  Stringtown  on  the 
Pike.  —  Newcomb's  His  Wisdom  the  Defender.— 
Wilson's  Rafnaland. 

HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS -II .499 

Lady  Dilke's  French  Architects  and  Sculptors  of  the 
XVIIIth  Century.  —  Gasman's  Pompeii.  —  Cook's 
America.  —  Meditations  of  Marcus  Aurelins,  and 
Bacon's  Essays,  in  the  "  Wisdom  Series."  —  Allen's 
Paris.  —  Miss  Peacock's  Famous  American  Belles  of 
the  Nineteenth  Century.  —  Allen's  A  Kentucky  Car- 
dinal, and  Aftermath,  illus.  by  Hugh  Thomson.  — 
Reynolds-Ball's  Paris  in  its  Splendor.  —  Mahan's 
The  War  in  South  Africa.  —  Wilson's  Rambles  in 
Colonial  Byways.  —  Attwood's  Pictures.  —  Psalms 
of  David,  illus.  by  Louis  Rhead. — Hartmann's  Shake- 
speare in  Art.  —  Elson's  Shakespeare  in  Music. — 
Mrs.  Browning's  Works,  "Coxhoe"  edition.  —  Ru- 
baiydt  of  Omar  Khayyam,  illus.  by  Florence  Lund- 
borg.  —  Browning's  Pippa  Passes,  illus  by  Margaret 
Armstrong.  —  Women  of  the  Bible.  —  Abbott's  In 
Nature's  Realm.  — Field's  The  Temptation  of  Friar 
Gonsol.  —  Hughes's  Contemporary  American  Com- 
posers. —  Lahee's  Famous  Pianists  of  To-day  and 
Yesterday.  —  Mrs.  Ellet's  Women  of  the  American 
Revolution.  —  Strang's  Prima  Donnas  and  Sou- 
brettes.  —  Strang's  Celebrated  Comedians.  —  Miss 


CONTEXTS— Holiday  Publications— Continued. 

PA  OB 

Singleton's  Wonders  of  Nature.  — Mrs.  Greene's 
Vesty  of  the  Basins.  Holiday  edition.  —  Webster's 
The  Friendly  Year.  —  Cooper's  The  Last  of  the  Mo- 
hicans, illus.  by  H.  M.  Brock.  — Garrett's  The  Pil- 
grim Shore.  —  Carryl's  Mother  Goose  for  Grown-Ups. 
—  Lever's  Song  of  a  Vagabond  Huntsman,  illus.  by 
W.  A.  Sherwood.  —  Her  ford's  Overheard  in  a  Gar- 
den. —  Opper's  The  Folks  in  Funny ville.  —  Life's 
Book  for  Golfers.  —  Sterne's  Sentimental  Journey, 
in  "Bookman  Classics"  series.  —  American  Wit 
and  Humor.  —  Dickson's  Psalms  of  Soul.  —  Among 
the  Flowers,  and  Among  the  Birds.  —  Goldsmith's 
She  Stoops  to  Conquer,  illus.  by  E.  A.  Abbey,  new 
edition.  — Markham's  The  Man  with  the  Hoe, 
"  Lark  "  edition.  —  Beautiful  Thoughts  from  Robert 
and  Elizabeth  Browning.  —  Dr.  Babcock's  Calendar 
for  1901.  —  Sienkiewicz's  The  Judgment  of  Peter  and 
Paul  on  Olympus. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG  — II 505 

Fighting  on  land  and  sea.  — Tales  of  sport  and 
adventure. — New  books  for  girls.  —  Pictures  and 
stories  for  little  readers.  —  Favorite  authors  in 
new  form. 

NOTES 507 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  509 


THREE  CENTURIES  OF  AMERICAN 
LITERATURE. 


A  few  weeks  ago  we  discussed,  in  the  light 
of  Mr.  Stedman's  "  American  Anthology,"  the 
single  century  of  literary  activity  that  has  pro- 
duced practically  all  of  the  poetry  that  we 
cherish  as  our  American  national  possession. 
It  is  to  the  larger  subject  of  our  entire  liter- 
ature, now  that  three  full  centuries  of  its 
course  have  been  rounded,  that  attention  is 
directed  by  the  present  discussion,  for  which 
occasion  has  been  furnished  by  the  appearance 
of  Professor  Barrett  Wendell's  "  Literary 
History  of  America."  The  plan  of  the  series 
of  literary  histories  for  which  this  work  has 
been  written,  and  of  which  it  is  much  the 
most  important  volume  thus  far  published, 
calls  for  far  more  than  a  collection  of  biog- 
raphies, bibliographical  annals,  and  critical 
commentaries.  It  calls,  indeed,  for  a  history 
no  less  faithful  to  the  service  of  Clio  than  the 
histories  whose  titles  are  modified  by  no  qual- 
ifying adjective ;  but  it  calls  at  the  same  time 
for  a  shifting  of  the  point  of  view  that  will 
bring  literature,  rather  than  politics  or  stra- 
tegics, into  the  foreground.  Such  a  treatment 
of  English  history  has  been  attempted  by  the 
distinguished  French  scholar,  M.  Jnsserand ; 


486 


THE    DIAL 


[Dee.  16, 


such  a  treatment  of  American  history  is  now 
given  us  by  Professor  Wendell.  It  is  only 
when  discussed  from  this  standpoint  that 
American  literature  is  given  its  full  signifi- 
cance, for  its  absolute  assthetic  value  is  not 
great,  relatively  speaking,  while  no  value 
could  well  be  greater  than  that  which  it  has 
for  the  interpretation  of  the  national  develop- 
ment, or  for  the  appeal  which  it  makes  to  the 
national  consciousness. 

"  The  literary  history  of  America,"  says  the 
author,  "  is  the  story,  under  new  conditions,  of 
those  ideals  which  a  common  language  has 
compelled  America,  almost  unawares,  to  share 
with  England.  Elusive  though  they  be,  ideals 
are  the  souls  of  the  nations  which  cherish 
them,  —  the  living  spirits  which  waken  nation- 
ality into  being,  and  which  often  preserve  its 
memory  long  after  its  life  has  ebbed  away. 
Denied  by  the  impatience  which  will  not  seek 
them  where  they  smoulder  beneath  the  cinders 
of  cant,  derided  by  the  near-sighted  wisdom 
which  is  content  with  the  world-old  common- 
place of  how  practice  must  always  swerve 
from  precept,  they  mysteriously,  resurgently 
persist."  The  possession  of  certain  ideals  in 
common  with  the  island  race  from  which  we 
have  sprung  may  be  taken  as  the  guiding 
principle  of  the  writer's  treatment  of  American 
literature.  In  assuming  this  basic  proposition 
he  plants  himself  upon  solid  ground,  upon 
ground  far  more  solid  than  that  of  the  critic 
who  is  ever  on  the  lookout  for  differentia  in- 
stead of  devoting  his  efforts  to  making  clear 
the  underlying  unity  of  all  the  literature  writ- 
ten in  the  English  language.  Nationality  is 
far  more  a  matter  of  language  than  of  race  or 
descent,  and  "  these  languages  which  we  speak 
grow  more  deeply  than  anything  else  to  be  a 
part  of  our  mental  habit  who  use  them."  To 
take  a  single  illustration  of  this  principle, 
there  was  never  uttered  a  philosophical  truth 
more  profound  than  that  embodied  in  Words- 
worth's familiar  lines, 

"  We  must  be  free  or  die,  who  speak  the  tongue 
That  Shakespeare  spake ;  the  faith  and  morals  hold 
Which  Milton  held." 

That  is  the  real  secret  of  English  democracy, 
and  it  also  offers  for  the  explanation  of  Ameri- 
can democracy  a  cause  far  more  adequate  than 
any  superficial  attempt  to  account  for  it  as 
resulting  from  foreign  influence. 

It  is  a  part  of  the  critic's  business,  no  doubt, 
to  detect  differentia  between  the  varieties  of 
English  expression  in  various  lands,  and  they 
are  not  lacking  between  the  literatures  of 


England  and  America.  Each  country  has  its 
own  landscapes,  .its  own  trees  and  flowers  and 
birds,  its  own  historical  traditions,  and  a  civ- 
ilization moulded  by  its  own  form  and  pressure. 
But  it  is  a  mistake  to  exalt  these  minor  diver- 
gences into  generic  distinctions,  for  they  are 
much  less  than  that,  and  serve  chiefly  to  bring 
into  clearer  view  the  ideal  community  of  the 
two  bodies  of  literature,  doing  this  by  the  very 
contrast  between  their  unimportance  and  the 
importance  of  the  deep  spiritual  traits  upon 
which  all  these  differences  are  the  merest  sur- 
face variations.  We  may  possibly  allow  the  ad- 
ditional drop  of  nervous  fluid  which  Colonel 
Higginson  claims  for  the  American,  but  be- 
yond this  we  may  hardly  go  and  remain  philo- 
sophical of  mind. 

We  have  never  seen  a  better  statement  than 
is  now  given  us  by  Professor  Wendell  of  the 
indissoluble  unity  of  English  and  American 
literary  expression.  "The  ideals  which  for 
three  hundred  years  America  and  England 
have  cherished,  alike  yet  apart,  are  ideals  of 
morality  and  of  government,  — of  right  and  of 
rights.  Whoever  has  lived  his  conscious  life 
in  the  terms  of  our  language,  so  saturated  with 
the  temper  and  the  phrases  both  of  the  English 
Bible  and  of  English  Law,  has  perforce  learned 
that,  however  he  may  stray,  he  cannot  escape 
the  duty  which  bids  us  do  right  and  maintain 
our  rights.  General  as  these  phrases  must 
seem,  —  common  at  first  glance  to  the  serious 
moments  of  all  men  everywhere,  —  they  have, 
for  us  of  English-speaking  race,  a  meaning 
peculiarly  our  own.  Though  Englishmen  have 
prated  enough  and  to  spare,  and  though  Amer- 
icans have  declaimed  about  human  rights  more 
nebulously  still,  the  rights  for  which  English- 
men and  Americans  alike  have  been  eager  to 
fight  and  to  die,  are  no  prismatic  fancies 
gleaming  through  clouds  of  conflicting  logic 
and  metaphor ;  they  are  that  living  body  of 
customs  and  duties  and  privileges,  which  a 
process  very  like  physical  growth  has  made 
the  vital  condition  of  our  national  existence. 
Through  immemorial  experience,  the  rights 
which  we  most  jealously  cherish  have  proved 
themselves  safely  favourable  at  once  to  pros- 
perity and  to  righteousness."  It  is  this  two- 
fold idealism,  of  right  and  of  rights,  that  has 
made  English  literature  everywhere  essentially 
the  same,  and  a  realization  of  this  truth  should 
rebuke  the  sectional  pride  which  seeks  to  make 
barriers  out  of  trifles,  and  find  radical  diverg- 
ences in  the  surface-play  of  expression.  It  is 
in  this  spirit  that  Professor  Wendell  has  dealt 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


487 


with  the  three  completed  centuries  of  American 
literature,  not  minimizing  the  individual  pecu- 
liarities of  writers  or  the  special  characteristics 
of  groups,  nor  failing  to  recognize  American- 
ism as  a  trait  where  it  really  exists,  but  keep- 
ing ever  in  mind  the  correlations  of  English 
and  American  history,  and  the  fundamental 
unity  of  the  two  peoples  as  expressed  in  their 
institutions,  their  laws,  their  social  and  ethical 
outlook. 

The  chief  distinction  to  be  drawn  between 
English  and  American  literature  is  concerned, 
not  with  any  fundamental  difference  of  tem- 
per, but  a  difference  in  the  rate  of  develop- 
ment. No  one  can  even  glance  over  the  selec- 
tions made  for  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries  in  such  a  work  as  Duyckinck,  or  in 
the  later  "  Library  "  of  Mr.  Stedman,  without 
being  impressed  by  the  fact  that  the  American 
literary  manner  was  at  all  times  a  generation, 
if  not  a  century,  behind  the  English.  This 
fact  has  many  times  been  noted,  but  it  has 
remained  for  the  author  of  the  work  now 
under  consideration  to  place  due  emphasis 
upon  it,  and  to  give  it  the  prominence  it  de- 
mands in  a  survey  of  early  American  liter- 
ature. To  begin  with,  he  notes  the  fact  that 
all  of  the  famous  first  settlers  of  Plymouth 
and  Massachusetts  Bay  —  Bradford,  Win- 
throp,  Cotton,  Hooker,  Richard  Mather,  Roger 
Williams,  and  the  rest,  were  born  Elizabeth- 
ans, although  not  "  quite  the  kind  of  Eliza- 
bethans who  expressed  themselves  in  poetry." 
Now  the  characteristics  of  the  Elizabethan 
spirit  were  these  —  "  spontaneity,  enthusiasm, 
and  versatility,"  and  if  we  look  aright  we 
shall  discover  that  such  were  also  the  charac- 
teristics of  our  own  writers  of  the  seventeenth 
and  even  the  eighteenth  centmry.  Taking 
Cotton  Mather  as  the  typical  man  of  letters 
of  the  two  centuries  in  question,  the  writer 
boldly  testifies  to  the  vitality  of  his  enthusi- 
asm, the  spontaneity  of  his  utterance,  and  his 
possession  of  "  just  that  kind  of  restless 
versatility  which  characterized  Elizabethan 
England  and  which  even  to  our  own  day 
has  remained  characteristic  of  New  England 
Yankees."  The  New  England  colonies  re- 
mained practically  uninfluenced  by  the  social 
and  political  movements  of  the  mother  coun- 
try, and  "  in  history  and  literature  alike,  the 
story  of  seventeenth-century  America  is  a 
story  of  unique  national  inexperience."  In 
the  century  following,  came  the  preaching  of 
Whitefield  and  the  Great  Awakening,  and 
when  the  Revolution  was  ripe  it  "  once  more 


brought  to  the  surface  of  American  life  the 
sort  of  natures  whom  the  Great  Awakening 
shows  so  fully  to  have  preserved  the  spontane- 
ity and  the  enthusiasm  of  earlier  days."  The 
conclusion  of  all  this  argument  is  expressed 
by  saying  that  "  the  Americans  of  the  revolu- 
tionary period  retained  to  an  incalculable 
degree  qualities  which  had  faded  from  ances- 
tral England  with  the  days  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth." 

This  line  of  thought  may  be  pursued  down 
into  the  history  of  our  literature  during  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  century  just  ending,  and 
it  was  not  until  we  had  a  great  national 
experience  of  our  own  that  we  produced  a 
body  of  literature  not  closely  associated  with 
the  earlier  types  of  literature  in  our  ancestral 
home.  Up  to  the  mid-century  period  when 
our  literature  first  allied  itself  with  a  burning 
national  issue,  and  became  more  distinctly 
American  than  it  ever  could  have  been  before, 
there  continued  to  be  reversions  to  manners 
and  forms  of  expression  that  were  long  out- 
worn in  England.  Space  forbids  us  to  continue 
the  subject  any  farther,  but  enough  has  been 
said  to  show  how  fruitful  a  formula  has  been 
applied  by  Professor  Wendell  to  the  analysis 
of  our  literary  past.  It  remains  to  add  that  he 
has  produced  incomparably  the  best  history  of 
American  literature  thus  far  written  by  any- 
body, a  history  that  is  searching  in  its  method 
and  profound  in  its  judgments,  on  the  one 
hand,  and,  on  the  other,  singularly  attractive 
in  the  manner  of  its  presentation. 


COMMUNICA  TIONS. 


RECENT  CHRISTMAS  POETRY. 

( To  the  Editor  of  THE  DJAL.  ) 

In  looking  over  our  Christmas  magazines  of  the  past 
few  years  —  no  easy  task  when  taken  systematically, 
but  very  good  browsing  for  the  frivolous  —  one  may 
notice  our  Christmas  poetry  as  having  a  distinct  share 
in  the  modern  Romantic  Revival.  We  are  using,  far 
more  than  formerly,  the  mysterious  quality  of  the  story, 
the  mingling  of  the  plain  and  the  wonderful,  the  effective 
tone  —  re-produced  after  a  Pre-Raphaelite  fashion  — 
of  "  archaic  simplicity  and  Catholic  fervor."  We  have 
ancient  Christmas  ballads  and  legends,  made  over  for 
us  and  refined  to  exquisiteness,  yet  still  suggesting  their 
primitive  and  dramatic  intentions;  we  have  new  carols 
in  the  old  style;  and,  old  or  new,  in  their  apprehension 
of  The  Mother  and  The  Child,  we  have  a  reminder  of 
the  medieval  painters. 

For  example  —  if  one  must  choose  —  take  this: 
"  The  holly-berry's  red  as  blood, 
And  the  holly  bears  a  thorn, 
And  the  manger-bed  is  a  Holy  Rood 
Where  Jesus  Christ  was  born." 


488 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


It  is  the  beginning  of  a  modern  carol,  in  which  the 
symbolism  of  the  red  blossom,  the  thorn,  and  the  cross- 
shaped  manger,  suggest  the  decoration  of  some  old 
missal.  The  mother,  with  prophetic  vision,  sees  the 
form  of  the  bed  and  shudders  at  it: 

"  '  Jt  minds  me  of  a  cross  of  wood ! ' 

Cried  Mary,  all  forlorn." 

She  covers  the  wood  with  hay,  to  hide  the  piercing 
symbol,  but  the  cattle  eat  it  away,  and  the  cross  is 
again  bare  to  her  sight.  Here,  as  in  Hunt's  "  Light 
of  the  World,"  or  as  in  Rossetti's  "  Girlhood  of  Mary  " 

I  take  these  at  random  from  a  host  of  such  pictures  — 

is  that  touch  of  deliberate  intent  which  goes  to  make 
simplicity  not  simple;  yet  the  general  effect  is  one  of 
mediaeval  naloel'e  and  sincerity. 

We  might  choose  again,  and  quote  from  a  little  poem 
of  Miss  Guiney's  —  an  imitation,  perhaps,  but  so  frank 
and  sweet  that  we  can  put  up  with  the  antique 
spelling: 

"  The  Ox,  he  openeth  wide  the  Doore, 
And  from  the  Snowe  he  culls  her  inne, 
And  he  hath  seen  her  Smile  therefore, 
Our  Ladye  without  sinne." 

Another  —  too  lovely  to  be  resisted  —  is  an  adaptation 
from  the  Provencal,  telling  of  a  widowed  mother,  very 
poor,  and  with  no  gift  for  the  Holy  Child  save  her  own 
child's  cradle  and  pillow.  She  would  carry  Him  these, 
but  feels  that  it  may  be  wrong  to  rob  her  own.  Then  — 
"  Oh  miracle !  The  nursing  babe, 

The  babe,  e  'en  as  he  fed, 
Smiled  in  his  tender  mother's  face. 

And,  *  Go,  go  quick ! '  he  said, 
4  To  Jesus,  to  my  Saviour,  take 

My  kisses  and  my  bed.'  " 

The  child  —  so  the  legend  goes  —  became,  in  manhood, 
one  of  the  Twelve,  and  the  poem  relates  it  with  a  sim- 
plicity which  amounts  to  quaintness,  expressing  per- 
fectly the  mediaeval  and  romantic  spirit  of  acceptance 
and  unquestioning  wonder. 

Among  others,  of  a  more  moderate  note,  I  remember 
Miss  Sill's  "  Ere  Christ,  the  Flower  of  Virtue,  Bloomed," 
a  poem  at  once  narrative  and  extremely  pictorial;  a 
little  "  Revelation,"  which  shows  the  child  of  the  Inn 
as  dreaming  of  the  child  Christ  out  in  the  cold  — 
4'  With  never  a  rest  for  his  little  white  feet, 

Nor  a  place  for  his  weary  head,"  — 

and,  again,  a  beautiful  "  Annunciation,"  a  poem  by 
Mrs.  Spofford,  in  which  a  Hebrew  chant  is  repeated, 
like  a  thread  of  rich  and  solemn  colors  in  some  mys- 
tical, heaven-white  garment. 

One  contrasts  such  poems  with  those  that  preceded 
them  —  things  not  picturesque,  not  especially  emotional, 
not  any  with  any  recalling  of  mediseval  art,  but  of  a 
thoughtful  character  and  dwelling  upon   the    inmost 
spirit  of  the  time.     An  older  poem,  which  I  think  is 
Whittier's,  tells  of  a  certain  monk  who  cared  but  little 
for  the  Christmas  festivities  of  his  convent.     It  closes: 
4'  With  mask  and  mime 
And  wake-song  speed  the  holy  time, 
But  judge  not  him  who,  every  morn. 
Feels  in  his  heart  the  Lord  Christ  born." 
For  many  years  our  Christmas  poetry  was  apt  to  be  of 
this  type,  and  there  is  much  of  it  which  still  concerns 
itself  with  the  last  and  loveliest  meaning  of  the  season; 
but  just  now — in  the  respect  of  art,  if  not  in  the  respect 
of  quantity  —  the  other  type  prevails.  That  it  is  beau- 
tiful, that  it  appeals  to  the  tenderest  of  imagination, 
that  it  shows,  most  exquisitely,  the  poetic  qualities  of 
the  Christmas  story,  is  too  plain   for  statement;  but 


with  all  this,  we  must  turn  often  to  the  other  type,  the 
soberer  type,  which  breathes  interpretation,  and  which 
gives  encouragement  for  the  burden  of  the  long  year's 
living.  MARGARET  STEELE  ANDERSON. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  Dec.  5,  1900. 


SHAKESPEARE  AS  A  DUTY. 

(  To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

For  something  like  a  century,  more  or  less,  the 
sneer  of  the  blunt  Steevens  at  the  Sonnets  of  Shake- 
speare has  been  regarded  with  amazement,  pitying  or 
indignant,  according  to  the  temper  of  the  reader.  It  has 
been  reserved  for  a  contributor  in  your  issue  of  Nov. 
16  to  outdo  Steevens  by  the  stark  assertion  that, 
while  "  we "  read  a  modern  novelist  with  delight, 
Shakespeare  "  we "  read  "  out  of  a  sense  of  duty." 
This  incentive  is  undoubtedly  more  powerful,  in  some 
respects  and  with  some  people,  than  "the  strongest 
act  of  Parliament  ever  framed,"  —  those,  I  think,  were 
about  the  words  of  Steevens.  We  are  taught  that 
"Morality  is  three-fourths  of  life,"  and  that  Duty  has 
a  freshening  influence  upon  "the  most  ancient  heavens." 
Yet  even  the  critic  who  made  that  arithmetical  state- 
ment about  Morality,  in  a  more  inspired  moment 
admits  "that  severe,  that  earnest  air"  to  be  something 
more  than  natural.  This  contrast  between  Morality 
and  Nature  had  encouraged  some  of  us  to  feel  that  the 
robin  still  sang,  and  the  brook  still  ran  down  the  lea, 
as  they  did  when  we  were  boys;  and  that  boys  and 
men  still  read  Shakespeare  without  asking  why.  We 
vividly  recall  the  time  when  to  read  him  brought  us 
in  danger  of  the  birch.  The  suggestion  that  in  Mars 
or  Hesper  boys  and  men  were  birched  for  not  reading 
Shakespeare  would  have  made  us 
"Yearn,  and  clasp  the  hands,  and  murmur,  'Would  to  God 

that  we  were  there.'  " 

With  the  passage  of  the  "  years  that  bring  the  philo- 
sophic mind,"  we  had  come  to  recognize  the  existence 
in  this  world  of  many  strange  things  that  one  does  not 
like  to  think  of,  —  among  the  rest,  that  there  may  be 
people  who  read  Shakespeare  only  "  on  terms  of  base 
compulsion."  By  the  way,  who  are  these  other  slaves 
of  duty  whom  Mr.  Stanley  classes  with  himself  as 
"we"?  If  Steevens  were  still  alive,  —  but  no,  the 
suggestion  would  be  unworthy:  of  the  dead  we  must 
speak  only  good.  It  is  better  to  consider  the  plaintive 
"we"  as  used  to  veil  the  writer's  personal  infirmity. 
"To  be  a  well-favored  man  is  the  gift  of  Fortune,  but 
to  read  and  write  comes  by  Nature."  As  no  motive 
short  of  the  most  exalted  is  sufficient  to  induce  him  to 
read  good  literature,  it  is  idle  to  enquire  upon  what 
tremendous  incentive  he  charges  into  the  field  of  lit- 
erary criticism. 

A  friend  of  mine  who  knew  English  literature,  and 
had  read  both  Shakespeare  and  Scott  through,  twenty 
times  and  more,  wrote  at  an  advanced  age:  "I  am 
re-reading  the  whole  of  Shakespeare  this  summer  for 
variety  and  novelty."  It  was  of  her,  —  now  gone  where 
Shakespeare  is,— that  I  was  thinking,  as  well  as  of  others 
still  in  the  flesh,  when  I  permitted  myself  to  borrow 
Mr.  Stanley's  plural  pronoun.  Some  of  us  read  Balzac 
too,  — or  did  before  it  became  a  cult,  and,  therefore, 
of  course,  a  duty.  In  fact,  with  Taine,  we  like  pretty 
much  "  everything  that  is  literature,"  and  we  wish  that 
people  would  not  contrive  to  make  it  a  bore. 

MELVILLE  B.  ANDERSON. 
Stanford  University,  CaL,  Dec.  4,  1900. 


1900.J 


THE    DIAL 


489 


A  CRITIC  CRITICIZED. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
In  "  Scribner's  Magazine,"  some  months  ago,  there 
appeared  a  criticism  of  Balzac    by  Professor  George 
McLean   Harper.     According   to   this   critic   only  the 
following  of  Balzac's  novels  and  stories  are  "indubita- 
ble, illustrious  successes": 


Novels. 
'  Enge'nie  Grandet." 
'Ce'sar  Birotteau." 
'  Le  Curg  He  Tours." 
'  Le  Pere  Goriot." 
'  La  Femme  de  Trente  Ans." 
'Uu  De'but  dans  la  Vie." 
4  La  Rabonilleiifle." 
'  Le  Colonel  Chabert." 
4L'    Envers  de    1'   Histoire 
Contemporaine." 


Short  Stories. 
4  J6sus-Christ  en  Flandre.' 
'Un    Episode    sous    la   Ter- 

reur." 

1  LeChef-d'CEuvre  Inconnu." 
'El  Verdugo." 
1  La  Messe  de  1'  Ath«5e." 
1  L'  Auberge  Rouge." 
'  Le  Re"quisitionnaire." 
VUn  Drame  au  Bord  de  la 

Mer." 

"  No  other  French  writer,"  says  Mr.  Harper,  "  per- 
haps 110  two  or  three  of  them  together,  can  offer  so 
long  a  list  of  splendid  novels.  It  contains  more  vigor- 
ous intellectual  substance  than  all  the  rest  of  French 
fiction  put  together.  In  these  pages  live  two  or  three 
score  men  and  women  endowed  with  distinct  individu- 
ality and  at  the  same  time  standing  as  types  of  the 
race.  A  sense  of  awe  overcomes  us,  as  in  the  presence 
of  an  irresistible  power,  for  through  all  these  books 
quivers  the  mighty  will  of  their  creator,  in  painful 
effort,  in  exalted  earnestness,  compelling  where  it  can- 
not charm." 

On  the  other  hand,  about  one-half  of  Balzac's  nov- 
els are,  according  to  this  critic,  spoiled  by  "  the  mob  of 
fashionable  libertines,  police  spies,  sentimentally  de- 
bauched duchesses  and  countesses,  rich  and  marvellously 
beautiful  actresses  and  courtesans,  of  shady  bankers, 
picturesque  usurers,  bohemian  actors,  idle  and  diaboli- 
cally clever  journalists— Rastignac,  Maxime  de  Trailles, 
Lousteau,  la  Palfdrine,  Lucien  de  Rubempie',  Rouque- 
rolles,  Marsay,  du  Tillet,  FeMix  de  Vandenesse,  Le'on  de 
Lora.des  Lnpeaulx.Nucingen,  Magus,  Gobseck,  Nathan, 
Vautriu,  Corentin,  Peyrade,  Florine,  Florentine, 
Coralie,  la  Duchesse  de  Maufrigneuse,  la  Vicomtesse  de 
Beauhdant,  —  these,  and  a  score  of  others  like  them, 
are  as  improbable  as  they  are  depressing,  not  to  say 
degrading  .  .  .  they  seem  mere  caricatures  of  reality. 
.  .  .  Some  of  his  novels  must  be  accounted  entire  fail- 
ures because  in  them  these  figures  whom  he  dotes  on 
predominate." 

In  criticising  Bilzac  it  has  seemed  to  the  writer  that 
certain  difficulties  are  to  be  encountered,  some  of 
which  Mr.  Harper  does  not  appear  to  have  entirely 
overcome.  What  is  to  be  understood  by  the  broad 
terms  "  success  "  and  "  failure  "  as  applied  to  a  novel  ? 
Conformity  to  every  essential  rule  of  realism,  with  at 
the  same  time  opportunity  given  the  reader  to  choose 
more  refined,  or  more  remarkable,  or  more  lively  com- 
pany than  life  generally  offers  to  any  one  of  us,  is  evi- 
dently Mr.  Harper's  idea  of  what  a  novel  must  possess 
in  order  to  be  an  "indubitable,  illustrious  success." 
"  We  look  to  literature,"  he  says  "  for  something  more 
interesting,  nay,  for  something  more  elevated,  than 
common  events  and  common  talk."  Keeping  this 
definition  in  mind,  and  applying  it  to  the  list  of  "  splen- 
did novels  "  mentioned  at  the  beginning  of  this  com- 
munication, it  is  difficult  to  see  what  •«  more  refined, 
more  remarkable,  or  more  lively  company  "  there  is  for 
the  reader  in  "  Enge'uie  Grandet,"  "  Ce'sar  Birotteau," 
or  ««  Pere  Goriot,"  for  example,  or  what  there  is  in 
them  »  more  elevated  thau  common  events  and  common 


talk."  To  be  sure  we  find  in  every  one  of  these  books 
a  noble  and  unselfish  character,  but  he  invariably  gets 
the  worst  of  it,  so  that  the  three  novels,  though  not 
degrading,  are  certainly  depressing,  and  a  successful 
novel,  as  we  understand  Mr.  Harper  to  put  it,  should 
not  be  depressing.  Again,  it  can  hardly  be  said  that  in 
"  Pere  Goriot,"  for  example,  "  the  mob  of  fashionable 
libertines,  police  spies,  etc.,"  play  a  subordinate  part. 
If  these  people, "  mere  caricatures  of  reality,  as  improb- 
able as  they  are  depressing,  not  to  say  degrading," 
were  taken  out  of  »  Pere  Goriot,"  what  would  be  left  ? 
Nothing  is  more  common  than  to  criticise  Balzac  for 
the  improbability  of  his  characters,  but  to  an  experi- 
enced professional  man  practicing  in  a  large  city, 
almost  nothing  in  his  fiction  seems  improbable.  "  The 
mob  of  fashionable  libertines,  etc.,"  while  perhaps  de- 
pressing, are,  in  the  writer's  opinion,  not  so  improbable 
as  many  well-accredited  and  accepted  saints  iu  other 
fiction.  The  triumph  of  virtue  with  the  concomitant 
downfall  of  vice  sells  well  when  pleasingly  narrated, 
and  is  no  doubt  vastly  consoling  and  elevating  to  the 
mind  of  the  "  average  reader,"  but  is  it  the  truth  and 
the  whole  truth  about  life  ?  And  do  books  manufac- 
tured by  this  same  old  machinery  really  preach  the 
sermon  against  injustice,  tyranny,  oppression,  worldli- 
ness,  and  selfishness  which  masters  like  Thackeray  and 
Balzac  ring  out  from  their  pulpits?  To  the  writer's 
mind,  one  principal  reason  why  Balzac  is  great  is  be- 
cause he  is  not  blind.  He  pays  absolutely  no  attention 
to  what  the  selfishly-contented  like  to  think  prevails, 
but  gives  us  instead  a  candid  and  accurately  related 
story  dressed  in  the  garb  of  entertaining  fiction,  of 
what  some  of  us  know  to  be  the  truth.  Possibly  it  is 
not  the  most  conspicuous  truth  in  Thrums  op  in 
Cranford,  but  it  is  that  which  is  all  too  evident  to  any 
observant  professional  man  in  Paris,  in  London,  or  in 
New  York. 

Objection  to  some  of  Balzac's  books  is  made  by  Mr. 
Harper  on  the  ground  that  they  are  "  profoundfy  im- 
moral." Such  an  objection  deserves  serious  considera- 
tion at  a  time  when  immoral  plays  and  books  are  a 
source  of  rich  profit  to  those  who  are  debauching  litera- 
ture and  the  stage.  But  according  to  Mr.  Harper 
"  Balzac  is  never  easy  reading,"  arid  if  this  is  the  case 
do  his  books  attract  the  sensual  ?  And  if  they  do  not 
attract  the  sensual  can  they  really  be  called  immoral  ? 
Lastly,  Mr.  Harper  thinks  the  addiction  to  money,  so 
evident  throughout  Balzac's  books, "  a  grave  defect." 
"  Money,"  he  says,  "  with  ignoble  ways  of  earning, 
hoarding,  and  spending  money,  is  the  very  substance  of 
Balzac's  books."  But  it  must  be  admitted  that  money, 
with  ignoble  ways  of  earning,  hoarding,  and  spending, 
is  the  very  substance  of  life  to  an  immense  majority  of 
the  people  of  the  world,  and  the  care  of  money  to  all 
the  rest.  The  social  historian  who  would  fail  to  make 
money  the  foundation  on  which  his  story  of  life  is  built 
resembles  the  anatomist  who  would  exclude  the  skeleton 
from  his  treatise. 

Balzac  was  the  priest  to  whom  all  humanity  confessed. 
In  spite  of  Mr.  Harper's  refined,  cultivated,  and  appre- 
ciative criticism,  I  incline  to  the  opinion  that  the  critic 
of  the  great  French  novelist  is  not  yet  born.  We  are, 
of  course,  at  liberty  to  express  our  opinion  of  his  books, 
but  always  from  a  hopelessly  individual  point  of  view, 
and  with  the  inevitable  result  that  each  one  of  us 
betrays  to  someone  else  his  own  comparative  inexpe- 

rience-  CLIFFORD  MITCHELL,  M.D. 

Chicago,  December  5,  1900. 


490 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


MB.  HOWELLS'S  MEMORIES.* 

Enjoyable  is  the  inevitable  word  for  Mr. 
Howells's  new  book,  and  we  have  no  fault  what- 
ever to  find  with  it  save  that  it  lacks  an  Index, 
and  that  it  leaves  the  reader,  like  Oliver  Twist, 
asking  for  more.  Candor  is  its  key-note.  Mr. 
Howells  is  charmingly  frank  about  himself, 
and  is  frank,  to  a  degree  that  would  be  disas- 
trous in  a  less  sweet-tempered  memoirist,  about 
others.  Therefore,  as  we  read  his  book  we 
are  warmed  with  a  sense  of  being  taken  to  a 
flattering  extent  into  his  confidence.  Most 
readers,  we  fancy,  figure  Mr.  Howells  mainly 
as  a  writer  in  fiction  (if  that  be  the  word)  of 
the  "  Silas  Lapham  "  genre,  and  as  the  some- 
what impatient  critic  of  writers  in  that  other 
genre,  who  regard  fiction  as  the  natural  and 
legitimate  field  for  drawing  the  long  bow  ;  and 
for  such  readers  there  are  some  little  surprises 
in  the  present  volume.  For  example,  Mr. 
Howells  opens  his  retrospect  with  the  admis- 
sion that  he  began  life  as  poet  (by  aspiration, 
at  least),  and  that  he  tried  to  be,  in  those 
sanguine  days,  as  much  as  possible  like  Heine 
—  that  Romantique  defroque.  "Inwardly," 
he  says,  '•  I  was  a  poet,  with  no  wish  to  be 
anything  else,  unless  in  a  moment  of  care- 
less affluence  I  might  so  far  forget  myself  as 
to  be  a  novelist."  Mr.  Howells,  moreover, 
began  life  a  pronounced  hero- worshipper  —  the 
hero  as  man-of-letters  being,  of  course,  the 
divinity  he  most  affected.  Bayard  Taylor, 
then  lecturing  in  the  West,  was  the  first  hero 
in  that  order  that  Mr.  Howells  met  in  the 
flesh,  and  the  contact  almost  paralyzed  him. 
"  Heaven  knows,"  he  says,  "  how  I  got  through 
the  evening."  At  all  events  he  sat  through  it 
rapt  and  speechless,  watching  the  bard  drink 
his  beer  and  smoke  his  pipe,  and  hearing  him 
discourse  of  quite  sublunary  things.  "  I 
longed,"  says  Mr.  Howells,  "  to  tell  him  how 
much  I  liked  his  poems,  which  we  used  to  get 
by  heart  in  those  days,  and  I  longed  (how 
much  more  I  longed!)  to  have  him  know 
that  — 

'  Auch  ich  war  in  Arkadien  geboren '  "  — 

But  he  didn't  dare  to,  and  so  Mr.  Taylor  left 
Columbus  all  unconscious  of  the  homage  of 
which  he  had  been  the  object.  We  must  add 


*  LITERARY  FRIENDS  AND  ACQUAINTANCE.  A  Personal 
Retrospect  of  American  Authorship.  By  \V.  D.  Howells. 
Illustrated.  New  Yotk :  Harper  &  Brothers. 


here  parenthetically  that  the  picture  facing 
the  account  of  the  Taylor  episode  seems  rather 
at  variance  with  it,  since  it  shows  Mr.  How- 
ells, not  as  a  meek  and  reverent  votary,  but  as 
a  particularly  alert  and  resolute  looking  re- 
porter, who,  with  pencil  and  note-book,  is 
clearly  applying  the  screws  to  Mr.  Taylor  in 
a  way  that  causes  him  to  mop  his  brow  in 
agony. 

Mr.  Howells  had  already  printed  poems  in 
the  "Atlantic  Monthly  "  and  in  the  "  Saturday 
Press,"  of  New  York,  when  he  started  for 
Boston,  then  in  its  Augustan  age,  to  see  the 
real  Olympians — Lowell,  Hawthorne,  Holmes, 
Emerson,  and  the  rest,  —  and  for  New  York 
to  see,  as  he  fondly  fancied,  the  real  bohemians 
—  now  no  matter  whom.  Bohemia  (or  Boaotia, 
as  the  Olympians  thought)  was  then  poking 
its  beer-cellar  fun  at  the  Athens  to  the  north 
of  it,  and  Mr.  Howells  expected  profit  and 
pleasure  from  studying  the  contrasts.  One  of 
the  first  of  the  New  England  literati  upon 
whom  he  called  was  Lowell,  and  to  him  many 
cordial  and  delightful  pages  are  devoted.  Of 
all  Mr.  Howells's  long  and  shining  list  of  "  lit- 
erary friends  "  it  is  Lowell,  we  fancy,  who  is 
to  be  rated  his  real  dulce  decus.  He  was  then 
forty-one,  or  Mr.  Howells's  senior  by  nineteen 
years. 

"  At  the  first  encounter  with  people  he  always  was 
apt  to  have  a  certain  frosty  shyness,  a  smiling  cold,  as 
from  the  long,  high-sunned  winters  of  his  Puritan  race; 
he  was  not  quite  himself  till  he  had  made  you  aware  of 
his  quality:  then  no  one  could  be  sweeter,  tenderer, 
warmer  than  he;  then  he  made  you  free  of  his  whole 
heart;  but  you  must  be  his  captive  before  he  could  do 
that." 

Turning  the  page  to  a  later  reference  to 
Lowell,  near  the  end  of  the  volume,  we  find 
some  veiled  or  indirect  allusion  to  the  notion 
rife  after  his  last  return  from  England  that 
his  long  stay  abroad  had  made  him  "  un-Amer- 
ican." Most  of  us  remember  the  absurd  way 
in  which  the  press,  or  a  certain  section  of  it, 
assailed  Lowell  on  this  grave  charge  ;  how  his 
London  clothes  and  London  ways  were  made  a 
reproach  to  him  ;  how  it  was  said  that  he  went 
about  the  country  lecturing  on  Shakespeare 
when  it  was  his  patriotic  duty  to  make  political 
speeches  ;  how  he  was  accused  of  trimming  his 
opinions  (and  his  whiskers)  to  the  mode  of 
what  Mr.  Guppy  used  to  call  "  the  swan-like 
aristocracy  "  —  and  what  not.  Mr.  Howells 
says  that  Lowell  could  never  have  been  any- 
thing but  American,  if  he  had  tried  ;  but,  he 
adds,  "  he  certainly  did  not  return  to  the  out- 
ward simplicities  of  his  life  as  I  first  knew  it." 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


491 


"  There  was  no  more  round-hat-and- sack-coat  busi- 
ness for  him;  he  wore  a  frock  and  a  high  hat,  and 
whatever  else  was  rather  like  London  than  Cambridge; 
I  do  not  know  but  drab  gaiters  sometimes  added  to  the 
effect  of  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school  which  he  now 
produced  upon  the  witness.  Some  fastidiousnesses 
showed  themselves  in  him,  which  were  not  so  surpris- 
ing. He  complained  of  the  American  lower-class  man- 
ner; the  conductor  and  cabman  would  be  kind  to  you, 
but  they  would  not  be  respectful,  and  he  could  not  see 
the  fun  of  this  in  the  old  way." 

Reverting  to  Mr.  Howells's  account  of  his 
first  visit  to  New  England,  the  eye  is  arrested 
by  the  following  impressive  portrait  of 
Hawthorne,  upon  whom  the  author  called  with 
a  generously  worded  letter  of  introduction 
from  Lowell. 

"...  He  advanced  carrying  his  head  with  a  heavy 
forward  droop,  and  with  a  pace  for  which  I  decided  that 
the  word  would  be  pondering.  It  was  the  pace  of  a 
bulky  man  of  fifty,  and  his  head  was  that  beautiful 
head  we  all  know  from  the  many  pictures  of  it.  But 
Hawthorne's  look  was  different  from  that  of  any  picture 
of  him  that  I  have  seen.  It  was  sombre  and  brooding, 
as  the  look  of  such  a  poet  should  have  been;  it  was 
the  look  of  a  man  who  had  dealt  faithfully  and  there- 
fore sorrowfully  with  that  problem  of  evil  which  for- 
ever attracted,  forever  evaded,  Hawthorne.  It  was  by 
no  means  troubled ;  it  was  full  of  a  dark  repose." 

Mr.  Howells's  reception,  though  a  thought 
*'  shy  and  tentative,"  was  nevertheless  warm 
enough  to  be  encouraging,  and  in  the  conver- 
sation that  ensued  he  got  on  charmingly  with 
his  usually  distant  and  elusive  host.  The  talk 
turned  on  many  men  and  things  —  on  Lowell, 
on  Holmes,  on  German  poetry,  on  the  West 
(about  which  Hawthorne  was  curious,  saying 
he  wanted  to  see  some  part  of  the  country  on 
which  the  "  damned  shadow  "  of  Europe  had 
not  fallen),  on  Emerson,  on  Thoreau,  of  whom 
he  observed  that  he,  Thoreau,  "  prided  himself 
on  coming  nearer  to  the  heart  of  a  pine-tree 
than  any  other  human  being  ";  and  Hawthorne 
was  visibly  pleased  when  his  young  visitor 
rejoined,  "  I  would  rather  come  near  the  heart 
of  a  man."  Not  ill  pleased  was  he,  Mr. 
Howells  adds,  "  when  he  asked  whether  I  was 
not  going  to  see  his  next  neighbor,  Mr.  Alcott, 
and  I  confessed  that  I  had  never  heard  of 
him."  On  parting,  Mr.  Howells  received  from 
his  now  friendly  entertainer  a  note  of  intro- 
duction to  Emerson,  in  the  form  of  a  card  with 
the  quaint  endorsement :  "  I  find  this  young 
man  worthy."  That  was  glory  enough  for 
one  day.  Next  morning  Mr.  Howells  hunted 
up  —  or  hunted  down  —  Thoreau. 

"...  He  came  into  the  room  a  quaint,  stump  figure 
of  a  man,  whose  effect  of  long  trunk  and  short  limbs 
was  heightened  by  his  fashionless  trousers  being  let 
down  too  low.  He  had  a  noble  face,  with  tossed  hair, 


a  distraught  eye,  and  a  fine  acquilinity  of  profile,  which 
made  me  think  at  once  of  Don  Quixote  and  Cervantes; 
but  his  nose  failed  to  add  that  foot  to  his  stature  which 
Lamb  says  a  nose  of  that  shape  will  always  give  a  man. 
He  tried  to  place  me  geographically,  after  he  had  given 
me  a  chair  not  quite  so  far  off  as  Ohio,  though  still 
across  the  whole  room,  for  he  sat  against  one  wall,  and 
I  against  the  other;  but  apparently  he  failed  to  pull 
himself  out  of  his  revery  by  the  effort,  for  he  remained 
in  a  dreamy  muse,  which  all  my  attempts  to  say  some- 
thing fit  about  John  Brown  and  Walden  Pond  seemed 
only  to  deepen  upon  him." 

Mr.  Howells  admits  that  his  encounter  with 
Thoreau  was  a  rout ;  and  that  with  Emerson, 
it  seems,  was  not  much  better.  The  talk  with 
the  latter  appears  to  have  been  somewhat  forced 
and  indefinite ;  but  in  the  course  of  it,  at  any 
rate,  the  seraphic  man  found  occasion  to  kindly 
dismiss  Hawthorne's  last  book  (the  "  Marble 
Faun  ")  as  "  mere  mush,"  and  to  dispose  of 
Poe  as  the  "  jingle  man  "  !  Mr.  Howells's  con- 
tributions to  the  "  Atlantic  Monthly  "  Emerson 
had  evidently  not  read,  for,  when  they  were 
mentioned,  he  got  down  a  bound  volume  of  the 
magazine,  inspected  the  pieces  with  an  air  of 
seeing  something  very  new  indeed,  and  then 
gravely  affixed  the  author's  initials  to  each, 
with  as  much  apparent  emotion,  we  judge,  as 
he  might  have  shown  in  docketing  a  wash-bill. 
This  ceremony  ended,  Emerson  followed  his 
leave-taking  visitor  to  the  door,  still  talking 
of  poetry,  to  which  (he  added,  as  a  parting 
crusher)  "  one  might  very  well  give  a  pleasant 
hour  now  and  then."  This  finished  Mr.  How- 
ells for  the  day.  "  I  went  home  to  my  hotel," 
he  says,  "  and  passed  the  afternoon  in  pure 
misery."  He  was  at  first  at  a  loss  to  account 
for  his  seeming  failure  with  Emerson,  but  at 
last  hit  upon  the  fact  that,  as  he  says,  in  his 
confused  retreat  from  the  philosopher's  pres- 
ence, he  had  neglected  some  slight  point  of 
ceremony.  On  his  return  to  Boston  he  related 
the  story  to  Mr.  Fields. 

"  By  this  time  I  could  see  it  in  a  humorous  light,  and 
I  did  not  much  mind  his  lying  back  in  his  chair  and 
laughing  and  laughing,  till  I  thought  he  would  roll  out 
of  it.  He  perfectly  conceived  the  situation,  and  got  an 
amusement  from  it  that  I  could  get  only  through  sym- 
pathy with  him." 

From  Boston  Mr.  Howells  proceeded  to  New 
York  to  see  Bohemia.  He  found  it,  we  gather, 
to  his  disappointment,  a  great  many  shades 
less  black,  that  is  less  naughty,  than  his  eager 
fancy  had  painted  it  —  found  it,  in  fact,  a 
rather  cheap  and  plainly  sham  Bohemia,  as 
like  the  real  Paris  article  as  Tupper  is  like 
Verlaine,  and  peopled  largely  by  young  press- 
writers  still  in  the  Flegeljahre,  who  pretended 


492 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


to  live  in  sin  and  contempt  of  the  Decalogue, 
and  were,  in  their  souls,  as  innocent  as  Mr. 
Toots.  The  whole  thing,  in  short,  was  a  pose 
— like  the  sporting  bent  of  Nathaniel  Winkle. 
It  was  the  custom  of  the  "  bohemians  "  to  hold 
their  (not  very  alarming)  revels  at  Pfaff's, 
a  beer-cellar  up  Broadway  ;  and  there  they 
paid  mild,  though  ostentatious,  court  to  Gam- 
brinus,  railed  at  respectability  and  Boston, 
and  were  very  fierce  about  all  literary  shams 
but  their  own.  Let  us  turn  to  Mr.  Howells 
for  an  account  of  an  "  orgy  "  at  Pfaff's  : 

"  I  felt  that  as  a  contributor  (to  the  '  Saturday 
Press ')  and  at  least  a  brevet  bohemiari,  I  ought  not  to 
go  home  without  visiting  the  famous  place,  and  wit- 
nessing, if  I  could  not  share,  the  revels  of  my  comrades. 
As  I  neither  drank  beer  nor  smoked,  my  part  in  the 
carousal  was  limited  to  a  German  pancake,  which  I 
found  they  had  very  good  at  Pfaff's,  and  to  listening  to 
the  whirling  words  of  my  commensals,  at  the  long 
board  spread  for  the  bohemians  in  a  cavernous  space 
under  the  pavement.  ...  At  one  moment  of  the  orgy, 
which  went  but  slowly  for  an  orgy,  we  were  joined  by 
some  belated  bohemiaus  whom  the  others  made  a  great 
clamor  over  ;  I  was  given  to  understand  they  were 
just  recovered  from  a  fearful  debauch  ;  their  locks 
were  still  damp  from  the  wet  towels  used  to  restore 
them,  and  their  eyes  were  very  frenzied.  I  was  pre- 
sented to  these  types,  who  neither  said  nor  did  any- 
thing worthy  of  their  awful  appearance,  but  dropped 
into  seats  at  the  table,  and  ate  of  the  supper  with  an 
appetite  that  seemed  poor.  I  stayed  hoping  vainly  for 
worse  things  till  eleven  o'clock,  and  then  I  rose  and 
took  my  leave  of  a  literary  condition  that  had  dis- 
tinctly disappointed  me." 

We  have,  in  the  foregoing  extracts,  barely 
scratched  the  surface  of  Mr.  Howells's  racy 
and  pleasantly  written  book,  which,  be  it  said, 
will  be  prized  not  only  as  a  rich  repository  of 
literary  anecdote  and  portraiture,  but  for  its 
autobiographical  value,  and,  last  but  not  least, 
for  its  vein  of  criticism.  Mr.  Howells's  frank 
though  loving  appreciations  of  the  work  of  his 
friends,  Lowell,  Longfellow,  Holmes,  Haw- 
thorne, Bayard  Taylor,  Mrs.  Howe,  Celia 
Thaxter,  etc.,  form  an  element  of  much  inter- 
est. Very  pleasant  reading  indeed  is  the 
closing  chapter  on  "  Cambridge  Neighbors," 
and  right  welcome  to  all  true  and  thoughtful 
Americans  should  be  its  final  tribute  to  one 
they  delight  to  honor : 

"  I  am  sure  that  after  the  easy  heroes  of  the  day  are 
long  forgot,  and  the  noisy  fames  of  the  strenuous  life 
shall  dwindle  to  their  essential  insignificance  before 
these  of  the  gentle  life,  we  shall  all  see  in  Charles 
Eliot  Norton  the  eminent  scholar  who  left  the  quiet  of 
his  books  to  become  our  chief  citizen  at  the  moment 
when  he  warned  his  countrymen  of  the  ignominy  and 
disaster  of  doing  wrong." 

E.  G.  J. 


Two  AMERICAN  STUDENTS  OF 

S II AKKSPK  AK  E.* 

When  one  recollects  some  of  the  fatuities 
that  have  been  foisted  upon  the  world  in  the 
name  of  Shakespearean  criticism,  one  derives 
a  certain  solace  from  the  lesson  in  practical 
philosophy  taught  by  Scapin  to  his  old  master, 
Argante.      Whenever,    counsels    Scapin,    the 
father  of  a  family  is  returning  home,  let  him 
run  over  in  his  mind  all  the  dreadful  things 
that  might  have  happened  in  his  absence,  "  let 
him  imagine   his  house  in  ashes,  his    money 
stolen,   his   wife    dead,  his    son    maimed,  his 
daughter  betrayed."     Then  he  will  be  able  to 
regard  the  non-occurrence  of  any  one  of  these 
calamities  as  so  much  clear  gain.     Things  have 
come  to  such  a  pass  that  there  is  but  too  good 
reason  to  look  forward  to  a  new  book  about 
Shakespeare     with     "  horrible     imaginings " 
almost  equal  to   those  with  which  the  philo- 
sophical valet  affects  to  comfort  the  perturbed 
old  gentleman.     So  it  is   with  a  tremor    of 
relief  that  the  critical  Argante  notes  first  in 
Mr.  Mabie's  new  book  on  William  Shakespeare 
the  things  that  are  not  done.     To  begin  with, 
Mr.  Mabie  actually  seems  to  think  that  "  Mr. 
William  Himself  "  is  the  divine  Williams.    To 
think  otherwise  would  have  been  much  more 
"original,"  and  might  have  promoted  the  sale 
of  his  book.     Mr.  Mabie's  chief  originality  as 
a  biographer  of  Shakespeare  lies  in  the  fact 
that  he  does  not  try  to  invent  or  imagine  any- 
thing new.     The  best  compliment  I  can  pay 
him  is  to  apply  to  him  the  fine  quotation  he 
makes    from   Goethe :  "  To  say  a  thing  that 
everybody  has   said    before    as  quietly  as   if 
nobody  had  ever  said  it,  that  is  originality." 
His  book  has  something  of  this  quiet  style,  — 
"  the  harvest  of  a  quiet  eye."  It  has  the  dignity 
of  repose.    Nor  is  this  all :  two  positive  quali- 
ties appear, — sanity  and  catholicity.     Sanity 
is  shown  in  the  author's  choice  of  things  to 
say,  and  quite  as  much  in  what  he  refrains 
from    saying    or   suggesting.     Catholicity    is 
shown  in  his  wide  taste  and  in  the  largeness  of 
his  moral  judgments.     It  would  have  been  so 
easy  for  a  writer  having  in  view  the  audience 
to  which,  I  believe,  these  chapters  were  first 
addressed,  to  "  deplore  "  certain   features  of 

*  WILLIAM  SHAKESPEARE,  POET,  DRAMATIST.  AND  MAN. 
By  Hamilton  Wright  Mabie.  With  one  hundred  illustrations, 
including  nine  full  pages  in  photogravure.  New  York  :  The 
Macmillan  Co. 

A  NEW  VARIORUM  EDITION  OF  SHAKESPEARE.  Edited 
by  Horace  Howard  Furness.  Vol.  XII. :  "  Much  Adoe  About 
Nothing."  Philadelphia  :  J.  B.  Lipplncott  Co. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


493 


the  work  of  this  world's  poet.  It  might  have 
been  acceptable  to  many  had  Mr.  Mabie 
apologized  for  Shakespeare  because  he  wrote 
no  hymns  like  those  of  Dr.  Watts.  But  Mr. 
Mabie  neither  deplores  nor  apologizes. 

In  sanity,  and  in  what  may  be  termed  liter- 
ary integrity,  Mr.  Mabie  presents  a  welcome 
contrast  to  Dr.  Brandes,  who  is  prone  to  put 
theory  in  the  place  of  fact  and  to  offer  conjec- 
ture for  proof.  The  American  writer  has,  to 
be  sure,  a  much  smaller  amount  of  material  to 
deal  with,  the  scope  of  his  book  being  nar- 
rower. One  can  only  say  that,  within  the 
limits  which  he  sets  himself,  he  shows  on  the 
whole  a  surer  command  of  his  subject  than  did 
the  Danish  critic. 

All  this  is  high  praise :  so  high  that  some- 
one may  enquire  whether  we  have  here  at  last 
a  book  about  the  world's  greatest  author  which 
is  worthy  of  the  subject.  Well,  not  quite! 
It  is  not,  for  instance,  such  a  book  as  Dr. 
Brandes  might  have  written  had  his  great  lit- 
erary energy  and  charm  been  supported  by 
adequate  scholarship  and  by  sanity  of  judg- 
ment. For  the  task  of  writing  anything  like 
a  decisive  book,  Mr.  Mabie  has  given  no  sign 
of  possessing  the  requisite  force.  A  remark 
of  Dr.  Johnson  about  Addison  may  be  applied, 
with  more  justice,  to  the  author  of  the  book 
before  us  :  "  He  thinks  justly,  but  he  thinks 
faintly."  Mr.  Mabie  pays  the  penalty  of  the 
habit  of  religious  journalism.  He  writes  too 
easily  ;  he  slides  with  fatal  facility  into  abstrac- 
tions. Precisely  in  those  passages  of  large 
generalization  where  he  should  be  especially 
definite  and  cogent,  he  becomes  diffuse  and 
vaporous.  "  Glittering  generalities  "  are  bad 
enough,  but  Mr.  Mabie's  do  not  even  glitter. 
He  exhibits  at  times  a  tendency  to  the  pro- 
cessional style :  grandiose  generalizations  at- 
tended by  a  pompous  verbal  retinue.  He 
wrote,  one  fancies,  having  in  view  an  audience 
that  is  fond  of  phrases  "divinely  relishing," 
—  an  audience  that  would  warmly  applaud  the 
obiter  dictum  of  Mr.  Justice  Shallow  :  "  Good 
phrases  are  surely,  and  ever  were,  very  com- 
mendable." It  is  amusing  to  contrast  this 
writer's  long-tailed  words  with  the  simpler 
vocabulary  of  the  author  he  treats  of.  Of 
course  a  writer  of  the  present  time  cannot 
be  expected  to  restrict  himself  to  the  vocabu- 
lary of  any  former  period.  Still,  it  is  instruc- 
tive to  note  how  freely  and  pregnantly  our 
ancestors  managed  to  discourse  without  the 
use  of  modernisms,  such,  for  example,  as  "  de- 
velopment," "  environment,"  and  a  thousand 


others  which  too  frequently  do  duty  rather  as 
counters  than  as  the  coin  of  thought.  A 
favorite  word  with  this  writer  is  the  word 
"  spiritual."  Thus  he  remarks  that  "  the 
spiritual  motive  "  of  what  he  calls  "  the  sonnet- 
sequence"  is  suggested  in  Sonnet  144.  This 
statement,  by  the  way,  as  Mr.  Sidney  Lee  has 
decisively  shown,  is  susceptible  neither  of 
proof  nor  of  rational  justification.  But  quite 
apart  from  that,  one  is  puzzled  to  detect  any- 
thing especially  "  spiritual  "  either  in  the  "mo- 
tive "  or  the  implications  of  this  sonnet.  Here 
and  often  the  word  in  question  is  a  manner- 
ism. Now  Shakespeare  uses  the  word  only 
six  times,  and  then  rather  as  opposed  to  lay  or 
temporal  than  in  the  sense  which  this  writer 
commonly  gives  it.  Perhaps  this  may  be 
partly  accounted  for  by  Mr.  Mabie's  rather 
sweeping  statement  that  "  Into  the  region  of 
pure  spiritual  impulse  and  ultimate  spiritual 
relationship  Shakespeare  did  not  penetrate." 
To  which  it  may  be  respectfully  submitted 
that  the  region  thus  described,  although  laid 
down  on  no  map,  is  one  concerning  which 
Shakespeare  may  possibly  have  reflected  as 
much  as  some  of  those  who  talk  more.  He 
certainly  is  not  of  those  who  "  prophesied  in 
Thy  Name !  "  At  all  events,  his  example  in 
saying  little  of  subjects  whereof  he  knew 
nothing  is  not  a  bad  one  for  those  writers 
who  are  so  rich  in  sonorous  phrases  ingen- 
iously devised,  like  big  bottles  with  small 
bellies,  to  dissimulate  the  paucity  of  their 
contents. 

The  weakest  chapter  is  perhaps  the  one  de- 
voted to  the  sonnets.  Plainly  Mr.  Mabie  has 
never  been  possessed  with  a  passion  for  these 
wondrous  lyrics.  He  finds  "  a  note  of  reality  " 
distinctly  sounded  in  what  he  assumes  to  be 
"the  series."  His  argument  based  upon  this 
"  note  of  reality  "  is  self- contradictory  (p.  219). 
He  forgets  that  the  artist  who  endows  his  im- 
aginary creatures,  Hamlet  and  Prospero,  with 
such  convincing  reality,  would  have  been  quite 
equal  to  the  creation,  if  creation  it  be,  of  such 
figures  as  the  friend  and  "  the  woman  colored 
ill." —  But  I  forbear  further  strictures. 

Shakespeare's  literary  executors,  as  one  may 
venture  to  term  Masters  Heminge  and  Condell, 
prefaced  the  Folio  edition  of  the  plays  with  an 
address  "  To  the  great  Variety  of  Readers." 
To  this  they  added,  with  a  prescience  that  to 
us  seems  wonderful,  the  words  :  "  from  the 
most  able  to  him  that  can  but  spell."  It  is  of 
course  not  for  "  the  most  able  "  that  the  book 
before  us  is  written.  For  the  other,  larger 


494 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


class,  —  including  possibly  even  some  whose 
ability  to  spell  is  questionable,  —  Mr.  Mabie 
has  provided  a  comprehensive,  sober,  and 
enlightening  account  of  the  life-work  of  the 
master-spirit  of  the  English-speaking  race. 
Such  defects  of  manner  and  matter  as  I  have 
referred  to  by  no  means  vitiate  the  book. 
When  the  writer  is  content  to  tell  a  plain  tale 
plainly  he  is  attractive,  sometimes  charming. 
Had  he  succeeded  in  interpreting  the  magic  of 
Shakespeare's  art  as  he  does  that  of  the  War- 
wickshire countryside,  he  would  have  produced 
not  only  a  good  but  perhaps  a  great  book. 
That  descriptive  chapter  is  as  fine  in  its  way 
as  the  exemplary  treatment  of  the  same  subject 
by  the  late  Mr.  Spencer  Baynes.  On  the 
whole,  the  book  was  worth  writing,  and  may 
be  said  to  merit  the  popularity  which  it  is 
likely  to  enjoy.  Some  of  the  portraits  are  of 
contemporaries  who  stood  in  no  known  relation 
to  Shakespeare,  but  many  of  the  illustrations 
are  extremely  well  chosen  and  are  not  easily 
accessible  elsewhere.  Particularly  interesting 
are  the  reproductions  of  old  pictures  of  Lon- 
don, of  old  London  Bridge,  of  the  Bankside, 
and  the  like. 

"  I  am  not  only  witty  myself,"  said  Fallstaff, 
"  but  the  cause  that  wit  is  in  other  men." 
Were  Shakespeare  condemned  to  read  in  Pur- 
gatory all  the  commentaries  upon  his  works,  it 
is  to  be  doubted  whether  he  would  have  the 
heart  to  repeat  the  boast  of  Fallstaff.  Were 
he,  however,  sentenced  to  read  only  those  com- 
ments that  have  been  admitted  into  Dr.  Fur- 
ness's  Variorum  edition  of  "  Much  Ado  About 
Nothing,"  he  might  well  regard  the  sentence 
as  light.  A  recent  correspondent  of  THE  DIAL 
remarks,  with  gravity  worthy  of  Dogberry, 
that  "  we  "  read  Shakespeare  "  out  of  a  sense 
of  duty."  The  "  glad  hearts  "  who,  as  the  poet 
of  Duty  concedes,  may  deem  "  joy  its  own 
security,"  cannot  fail  to  be  gratified,  though 
perhaps  a  little  surprised,  to  find  that  the 
sweetest  of  their  stolen  pleasures  has  so  lofty 
a  sanction.  Some  of  us  have  from  early  youth, 
it  appears,  been  doing  our  Duty  unawares,  as 
M.  Jourdain  talked  prose.  And  it  is  in  the 
same  spirit  that  we  others  (if  the  gallicism 
may  be  pardoned)  perform  the  duty  of  reading 
the  notes  culled  and  presented  by  Dr.  Furness. 
Next  to  the  text,  nothing  can  be  more  amusing 
than  the  comment.  Dr.  Furness  invites  a 
goodly  company  to  a  wedding  breakfast  in 
honor  of  Benedick  and  Beatrice.  Wit  is  there 
in  the  person  of  Christopher  North  ;  Beauty  in 


the  person  of  Helen  Faucet ;  nor  is  the  lady's 
endowment  of  wit  the  less  liberal,  any  more 
than  in  the  case  of  Beatrice  herself.  All  the 
guests  are  at  their  best,  and  none  speaks  more 
delightfully  than  does  the  urbane  master  of  the 
feast. 

Without  going  into  details  that  would  be 
out  of  place  here,  there  is,  in  a  general  way, 
not  much  to  be  said  of  this  monumental  edition 
of  "Much  Ado  "  that  has  not  been  said  of  the 
preceding  volumes  of  this  priceless  series.  The 
set  now  comprises  eleven  plays  (in  twelve  vol- 
umes), and  constitutes,  with  respect  to  these 
plays,  a  Shakespeare  library  of  the  selectest 
quality.  The  present  volume  bears  marks 
everywhere  of  the  same  amazing  industry,  un- 
assuming erudition,  sure  taste,  and  racy  humor, 
that  have  distinguished  the  others.  The  editor's 
interpretation  is  both  subtle  and  sympathetic; 
his  humor  is  always  good  humor.  It  would  be 
a  liberal  education  to  be  snowed  in  with  these 
volumes  throughout  "  a  Poland  winter,"  nor 
would  the  time  hang  heavy.  The  best  is  that 
the  editor  so  far  overcomes  his  modest  scruples 
as  to  give  us  more  and  more  of  himself.  The 
charm  of  his  personality  seems  to  pervade  the 
notes  much  as  the  magic  of  the  master  per- 
vades the  text.  Where  no  living  scholar  could 
equal  Dr.  Furness,  he  manages  to  improve 
upon  himself.  Whatever  others  may  do,  the 
publication  of  one  of  his  volumes  has  come 
to  be,  whenever  it  occurs,  the  event  of  the 
year  in  this  field.  May  the  great  editor  be 
spared  to  double  and  treble  the  dozen  he  has 
completed! 

Every  student  of  the  poet  should  treat  him- 
self to  the  luxury  of  the  book  at  this  Christmas- 
tide,  and  should  begin  his  pleasure  by  reading 
that  page  of  the  Preface  devoted  to  an  enume- 
ration of  the  deeds  imputed  to  the  poet  during 
the  seven  silent  years  concerning  which  there 
is  no  recorded  syllable.  I  will  forestall  no 
one's  delight  (or  duty  !)  by  quoting  anything 
but  the  concluding  sally :  "  My  own  private 
conviction  is  that  he  mastered  cuneiform ; 
visited  America  ;  and  remained  quite  a  while 
here,  —  greatly  to  his  intellectual  advantage." 
Here  are  two  suggestions  for  doctoral  theses. 
Nothing,  I  may  add,  is  more  creditable  to  Mr. 
Mabie  than  the  judgment  with  which  he  has 
kept  clear  of  these  bogs,  "  where  armies 
whole  have  sunk,"  upon  the  obscure  shores  of 
which  Dr.  Furness  now  places  this  bright 
danger-signal. 

MELVILLE  B.  ANDERSON. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


495 


THE  PAGEANTRY  OF  IJIFE.* 

With  the  advent  of  democracy  the  things  of 
which  Mr.  Charles  Whibley  writes  in  "  The 
Pageantry  of  Life  "  have  become  in  a  degree 
matters  of  commonplace.  Splendor,  courtesy, 
the  artistic  graces  and  refinements  of  life,  have 
come  nearer  to  man  in  the  mass  and  have  so 
lost  some  of  their  glamor  —  but  those  to  whom 
circumstance  makes  them  increasingly  access- 
ible are  yet  largely  open  to  the  charge  of  Phil- 
istinism ;  they  are  still  in  a  measure  "  insen- 
sible to  the  finer  flavors  of  life."  But  this 
cannot  be  said  of  "  Young  Weston  "  or  Bas- 
sompierre  or  Sir  Kenelm  Digby  or  Pepys  or 
Saint  Simon  or  Barbey  d'Aurevilly,  as  Mr. 
Whibley  insists  in  his  brilliant  portraits  of 
them.  They,  and  a  number  of  others  who  are 
made  familiar  to  us  in  these  pages,  are  here 
given  such  vitality  of  life,  with  its  glow  and 
color,  because  of  the  author's  enthusiasm  for 
them  as  artists  in  life. 

But  in  such  matters  the  point  of  view  is  of 
fundamental  importance.  Towards  the  suc- 
cessful consummation  of  what  purposes  should 
effort  be  directed  that  a  life  may  be  said  at  its 
close  to  have  been  artistically  ordered?  To 
the  full  enjoyment  of  all  the  finer  flavors  of 
life,  our  author  would  say,  and  we  might  accept 
this  but  that,  in  his  interpretation,  these  finer 
flavors  smack  so  much  of  the  material  as  to 
verge  upon  grossness.  Perhaps  Lowell's  charge 
that  Pepys  was  a  Philistine  betrays  some  nar- 
rowness of  sympathies.  The  Puritan  strain 
kept  Lowell,  as  it  kept  Emerson  and  Haw- 
thorne and  their  fellows,  from  appreciation  of 
some  of  the  finer  flavors  of  life,  no  doubt.  But 
on  the  other  hand  Lowell  quite  as  certainly 
knew  pleasures  in  life  finer  and  higher  than 
any  that  came  to  Pepys,  and  may  not  one  be  a 
Philistine  through  being  insensible  to  the  vul- 
garities of  life,  also  ? 

"  What  then  makes  the  artist,  whose  portrait  is  here 
attempted  ?  It  is  not  profession,  nor  birth,  nor  man- 
ners, nor  knowledge,  nor  success,  though  all  these  are 
invaluable  accessories.  It  is  temperament,  it  is  life. 
The  priest  need  not  lag  behind  the  courtier.  Whoever 
had  a  finer  sense  of  grandeur  than  Wolsey?  and  was 
not  Pascal  famous  for  his  six  horses  ?  Nor  need  pov- 
erty disturb  a  skilful  exercise  of  the  art.  Burns  had 
a  glimpse  into  its  possibilities  when  he  sported  the  only 
tie  wig  in  the  parish,  and  the  simple  propriety  of  a 
graceful  dinner  is  beyond  the  pocket  of  no  man  who 
can  afford  clean  linen  and  a  cheese.  Again,  the  coat 
depends  for  its  effect  less  upon  the  reckless  use  of  vel- 
vet or  satin  than  upon  the  bravery  wherewith  it  is 
worn.  But  an  inapposite  assumption  of  birth,  a  clumsy 


*  THE  PAGEANTRY  OF  LIFE.    By  Charles  Whibley.    New 
York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 


show  of  riches,  are  the  worst  foes  of  elegance:  without 
the  true  temperament  the  resources  of  Golconda  will 
avail  nothing.  When  Byron  said  he  would  rather  be 
Brummel  than  Napoleon,  he  did  not  merely  pay  a  de- 
served tribute  to  the  genius  of  dandyism;  he  acknow- 
ledged that  the  Dandy  was  distinguished  by  rarer  qual- 
ities than  those  which  achieve  the  conquest  of  the 
world.  Yet  Brummel  could  dazzle  his  rivals  neither 
by  exalted  birth  nor  by  lavish  display.  He  was  gifted 
with  nothing  save  the  sublime  talent  of  his  craft,  and 
he  triumphed." 

This  is  from  the  Introduction,  and  in  a  pre- 
ceding paragraph  he  has  said  of  the  artist  in  life: 
"  It  is  no  part  of  his  design  to  be  a  good  citizen. 
.  .  .  He  neither  controls  governments  nor  wins  bat- 
tles. He  despises  the  glory  which  follows  a  popular 
triumph,  and  he  professes  no  greater  interest  iu  the 
secrets  of  philosophy  than  is  becoming  to  a  person  of 
wit.  Nor  is  he  a  shining  example  of  the  homely  vir- 
tues ;  with  him  a  sense  of  the  picturesque  is  more 
vivid  than  the  sense  of  morality." 

But  the  perfect  artist  is  neglectful  of  no 
least  detail  in  the  setting  of  his  picture.  Back- 
ground and  atmosphere  are  matters  of  first 
moment,  and  the  central  creation  of  the  can- 
vas cannot  be  given  form  and  color  without 
regard  to  the  harmony  of  the  whole.  In  art 
there  is  no  greater  sin  than  that  of  putting 
together  things  that  are  discordant. 

Quite  clearly  an  artist  in  life,  as  distinguished 
from  a  Philistine,  is  one  in  whom  artistic  sen- 
sitiveness is  alive  to  all  that  can  give  pleasure 
of  the  higher  sort,  and  alive  no  less  to  all 
that  can  offend  a  refined  taste.  Mr.  Whibley 
does  not  see  this  quite  clearly,  and  as  a  conse- 
quence throughout  the  volume  the  emphasis  is 
often  wrongly  placed.  Otherwise  the  book 
revives  with  delightful  vividness  some  very 
interesting  personalities.  They  are  sketched 
with  a  grace  and  a  sympathetic  sureness  of 
detail  that  make  the  portraits  clearly  outlined 
realities.  And  if,  as  in  the  case  of  the  author 
of  "Vathek,"  our  interest  in  them  is  due  to 
something  unnatural  and  fantastic,  it  is,  at 
least,  not  due  to  commonplace.  Individuality, 
bravery,  gaiety,  and  devotion  to  ideals  are 
warm  and  vital  on  every  page.  We  hear  the 
clank  of  sword,  the  witty  sally  and  the  laugh 
that  follows,  the  whisper  of  intrigue ;  we  see 
the  life  and  movement  and  ceremony  of  courts, 
the  smile  and  the  obeisance  of  elegance  and 
fashion  ;  and  always  in  camp  or  court  or  con- 
vivial meeting  we  are  shown  a  figure  moving 
with  graceful  stateliness  through  the  pageantry 
of  life,  and  finding  in  it  occasion  for  amuse- 
ment, for  unfailing  gaiety,  for  studious  obser- 
vation, and  at  times  for  the  artist's  unfeigned 
and  undisguised  contempt. 

LEWIS  WORTHINGTON  SMITH. 


496 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


RECENT  FrcTioN.* 


The  novels  of  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward  are  always 
characterized  by  an  element  of  interest  that  lies  far 
apart  from  the  actual  needs  of  fiction.  With  all 
her  power  of  telling  an  interesting  story,  she  is 
never  content  unless  she  interests  us  as  well  in  some 
great  theme  of  the  intellectual  life  or  of  the  historical 
social  movement.  In  "  Robert  Elsmere"  this  theme 
was  the  solution  of  traditional  religious  beliefs  by 
the  medium  of  the  higher  criticism  ;  in  "  Marcella  " 
it  was  the  English  socialist  propaganda,  in  "  Hel- 
beck  of  Bannisdale  "  it  was  the  contrast  between  the 
ideals  of  Catholic  and  Protestant,  and  in  "Eleanor" 
it  is  the  struggle  between  conservative  and  radical 
forces  in  the  life  of  modern  Italy.  An  interest  in 
Italy  is  in  itself  a  passport  to  the  favor  of  readers 
of  refinement,  and  Mrs.  Ward  knows  her  Italy  both 
without  and  within,  knows  it  in  its  physical  charm 
and  its  historical  significance,  knows  it  also  in  its 
political  struggles  and  its  clash  of  irreconcilable 
spiritual  forces  contending  for  the  mastery.  Her 
method,  moreover,  is  one  of  such  absolute  fairness 
that  it  would  be  difficult  from  the  book  alone  for  a 
reader  of  "  Eleanor  "  to  be  sure  of  the  direction  of 
the  writer's  personal  sympathies.  One  could  hardly 
get  from  the  most  partisan  defender  of  the  old 
regime  a  more  vivid  impression  of  Catholic  Italy, 
of  its  pomp  and  pageantry,  of  its  seductive  appeal 
to  the  deeper  emotions,  of  the  great  historical  tra- 
dition which  it  embodies,  than  one  can  get  from 
this  book  written  by  a  woman  who  resolutely  rejects 
the  supernatural,  and  stands  abreast  of  the  most 
enlightened  modern  scholarship  and  philosophy. 

*  ELEANOR.  A  Novel.  By  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward.  New 
York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  HOSTS  OF  THE  LORD.  By  Flora  Annie  Steel.  New 
York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

ROBERT  ORANGE.  By  John  Oliver  Hohbes.  New  York  : 
Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

THE  LADY  OF  DREAMS.  By  Una  L.  Silberrad.  New 
York  :  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

LORD  LINLITHGOW.  A  Novel.  By  Morley  Roberts. 
New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  FUGITIVES.  By  Morley  Roberts.  New  York:  Mc- 
Clure,  Phillips  &  Co. 

THE  SON  OF  CARLEYCROFT.  By  Theodore  Burt  Sayre. 
New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  KING'S  DEPUTY.  A  Romance  of  the  Last  Century. 
By  H.  A.  Hinkson.  Chicago :  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 

CHLORIS  OF  THE  ISLAND.  A  Novel.  By  H.  B.  Marriott 
Watson.  New  York:  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  FOOTSTEPS  OF  A  THRONE.  By  Max  Pembertou. 
New  York  :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

THE  GOLDEN  BOOK  OF  VENICE.  A  Historical  Romance 
of  the  Sixteenth  Century.  By  Mrs.  Lawrence  Turnbull. 
New  York  :  The  Century  Co. 

THE  COBBLER  OF  NIMES.  By  M.  Iralay  Taylor.  Chicago : 
A.  C.  McClurg  &  Oo. 

STRINGTOWN  ON  THE  PIKE.  A  Tale  of  Northernmost 
Kentucky.  By  John  Uri  Lloyd.  New  York  :  Dodd,  Mead 
&Co. 

His  WISDOM  THE  DEFENDER.  A  Story.  By  Simon  New- 
comb.  New  York:  Harper  &  Brothers. 

RAFNALAND.  By  William  Huntington  Wilson.  New 
York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 


Mrs-  Ward  has  in  a  very  rare  degree  the  power  of 
appealing  to  the  religious  sentiment  without  imply- 
ing the  necessity  for  the  acceptance  of  any  form  of 
religious  dogma ;  she  makes  us  understand  better 
than  most  writers  how  entirely  religion,  in  its  true 
sense,  is  an  affair  of  the  emotions  rather  than  of  the 
intellect.  Beside  these  great  issues,  which  are  every- 
where at  the  front  in  her  pages,  the  private  interest 
attaching  to  her  characters  seems  si  ight.  They  are  all 
skilfully  studied,  delineated  with  delicate  touches, 
and  brought  into  relations  with  one  another  that 
reveal  the  inmost  springs  of  their  life ;  yet  all  this 
personal  human  interest,  genuine  as  it  is,  seems 
overshadowed  by  the  vaster  interests  of  society 
which  are  kept  before  the  mind.  We  take  almost 
as  much  interest  in  the  book  about  modern  Italy 
upon  which  the  hero  is  engaged  as  we  take  in  the 
gradual  awakening  of  his  love  for  the  heroine,  or 
rather  in  the  gradual  transfer  of  his  affections  from 
one  heroine  to  the  other,  since  it  would  be  difficult 
to  say  which  of  the  two  women  concerned  should 
be  taken  as  the  more  important  character  in  the 
development  of  the  novel.  Certainly,  the  book 
must  be  given  a  high  place  among  our  latest  works 
of  fiction,  although  in  some  respects  it  falls  short  of 
displaying  the  artistic  power  of  "David  Grieve" 
and  "  Robert  Elsmere."  We  are  inclined  to  say 
that  it  is  with  Mrs.  Ward  as  it  was  with  the  only 
woman  writer  of  fiction  with  whom  she  may  be 
compared,  to  say,  in  short,  that  there  is  a  decline  of 
creative  power  in  her  works  not  unlike  that  exhib- 
ited in  the  transition  from  "  Adam  Bede "  to 
"  Daniel  Deronda,"  and  that  this  decline  is  not 
altogether  compensated  for  by  the  richer  display  of 
intellectual  force  that  is  made  in  the  later,  and  in 
many  ways  riper,  productions. 

Mrs.  Steel  has  once  again  shown  her  capacity  to 
outdo  Mr.  Kipling  as  a  delineator  of  modern  India. 
for  even  Mr.  Kipling's  brilliant  sketches  of  the 
great  Empire  of  the  East  display  no  deeper  insight, 
and  have  much  less  of  solid  workmanship,  than 
such  books  as  "  On  the  Face  of  the  Waters  "  and 
its  worthy  companion  volume,  "  The  Hosts  of  the 
Lord,"  just  now  published.  Mrs.  Steel's  novels  of 
India  have  one  great  fault,  they  are  elliptical  in 
construction,  and  it  takes  a  considerable  mental 
effort  to  understand  how  her  characters  are  adjusted 
to  their  environment.  Her  own  vision  is  clear 
enough,  but  she  does  not  know  how  to  impart  it  to 
others.  But  this  fault  is  more  than  outweighed  by 
the  remarkable  positive  merits  of  her  work.  "  The 
Hosts  of  the  Lord  "  has  a  theme  only  less  dramatic 
than  that  of  the  Great  Mutiny,  although  it  deals 
with  a  native  uprising  of  restricted  scope  and  of  no 
far-reaching  historical  significance.  But  it  has  the 
same  essential  elements  of  interest,  and  its  success 
in  the  portrayal  of  native  types  and  modes  of  think- 
ing is  complete.  Of  almost  equal  interest  are  the 
English  men  and  women  who  figure  in  the  narra- 
tive, and,  with  the  one  exception  already  noted, 
we  have  only  praise  for  this  remarkable  piece  of 
fiction. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


497 


"  Robert  Orange  "  shares  the  fate  of  most  sequels 
in  being  less  interesting  than  "  The  School  for 
Saints."  It  has  no  Spanish  war  for  dramatic  effect ; 
it  has  no  romantic  dawn  of  love  for  sympathetic 
appeal.  It  offers,  in  the  main,  the  working  out  of 
motives  that  wore  off  their  freshness  in  the  earlier 
volume,  and  it  ends  in  a  spiritual  tragedy  of  renun- 
ciation. A  few  new  people  appear  in  its  pages,  and 
quicken  the  flagging  interest  to  a  certain  extent ; 
but  we  do  not  greatly  care  for  the  series  of  readjust- 
ments in  the  loves  of  these  characters  with  which 
the  story  is  largely  concerned,  and  the  romance 
that  has  shaped  itself  between  Orange  and  Madame 
Parflete  is  from  the  outset  too  evidently  doomed  to 
disruption.  Yet  the  book  has  much  charm  —  the 
charm,  at  least,  of  distinction  in  its  manner,  and  of 
the  high-bred  companionship  with  which  it  gratifies 
us.  These  interminable  analyses  of  character  are 
saved  from  becoming  utterly  wearisome  by  the  deli- 
cate delineation  and  the  subtle  appreciation  of  mo- 
tive which  they  never  fail  to  exhibit.  The  writer 
has  lost  none  of  her  gift  for  phrase-making,  and 
yet  the  penetration  of  her  work  by  real  ideas  is  as 
unquestionable  as  the  amazing  cleverness  with 
which  she  shapes  her  points.  Reactionary  as  her 
fundamental  ideal  may  seem  to  us,  it  is  both  self- 
consistent  and  thoroughly  sincere. 

Miss  Silberrad's  first  novel,  "The  Enchanter," 
was  a  work  of  considerable  promise,  although 
marred  by  a  vein  of  mysticism  that  gave  the  story 
an  air  of  unreality.  Her  second  novel,  "  The  Lady 
of  Dreams,"  errs,  if  anything,  from  an  excess  of 
realism,  being  in  large  measure  a  study  of  life  in 
the  slums  of  London.  The  central  figure  is  a  young 
girl  of  rare  and  elusive  spiritual  beauty,  whose 
loveliness  of  character  remains  uninfluenced  by  her 
repulsive  surroundings,  and  who  suggests  a  water- 
lily  blooming  amid  the  foulness  of  a  stagnant  pool. 
She  is  wooed  and  won  by  a  middle-aged  physician 
whose  character  is,  in  its  way,  almost  as  lovable  as 
hers,  and  the  fate  which  finally  overtakes  the  pair, 
killing  the  one  and  forever  wrecking  the  happiness 
of  the  other,  seems  unnecessarily  tragic.  The  work 
displays  undeniable  talent,  but  fails  to  make  a  last- 
ing impression  on  the  imagination. 

Mr.  Morley  Roberts  is  an  entertaining  writer, 
with  a  talent  for  journalism  rather  than  for  liter- 
ature. His  style  has  no  graces,  but  has  a  good 
deal  of  animation,  and  makes  its  points  in  a  rather 
telling  fashion.  His  books  always  show  the  man 
of  the  world,  who  has  knocked  about  a  good  deal, 
and  who  keeps  close  track  of  what  is  going  on  in 
the  society  and  the  politics  of  the  present  day.  He 
has  of  late  developed  an  aptitude  for  the  roman  h 
clef,  and  this  description  must  be  given  to  both  of 
his  new  books.  The  characteristic  is  most  marked 
in  "  Lord  Linlithgow,"  whose  titular  hero  might 
as  well  have  been  named  Lord  Rosebery  outright, 
while  the  figure  of  Eustace  Loder  is  Mr.  Cecil 
Rhodes  presented  in  as  undisguised  a  shape  as  was 
the  same  figure  in  "  The  Colossus  "  of  a  year  or  so 
ago.  The  hero  of  the  story  is  a  rising  young  poli- 


tician of  the  Linlithgow  following,  and  the  plot 
turns  upon  a  general  election  which  is  expected  to 
bring  the  liberal  imperialists  into  office.  This  elec- 
tion, again,  turns  upon  certain  documents  of  a 
nature  compromising  to  the  opposition,  which  it  is 
essential  should  be  brought  to  light.  They  are  in 
the  hands  of  an  unscrupulous  radical  politician, 
who  has  no  earthly  right  to  retain  them,  but  who 
refuses  to  give  them  up.  The  hero  obtains  a  hold 
upon  him  by  coming  into  possession  of  a  secret 
which  concerns  his  private  character,  and,  with 
much  reluctance,  uses  this  knowledge  to  extort  a 
restitution  of  the  documents.  This  raises  a  pretty 
question  of  casuistry,  and  the  novelist  makes  the 
most  of  it.  When  the  decisive  step  has  been 
taken,  the  hero  is  filled  with  remorse,  determines 
to  abandon  public  life,  and  succumbs  to  an  attack 
of  brain  fever.  The  agony  is  piled  up  rather  more 
thickly  than  seems  strictly  necessary,  but  the  hero 
at  last  rallies  from  his  illness,  accepts  the  seat  in 
Parliament  which  the  election  has  brought  him, 
and  discovers  that  he  has  not  forfeited  the  love  of 
the  remarkably  ingenuous  young  woman  who  plays 
the  part  of  the  heroine. 

The  other  novel  by  Mr.  Roberts  is  called  "  The 
Fugitives,"  and  is  a  romance  of  the  South  African 
war.  A  young  Englishman  seeks  to  win  the 
maiden  whom  he  loves  by  starting  out,  at  her  be- 
hest, on  a  mission  to  the  Transvaal,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  rescuing  an  officer,  who  is  held  prisoner  at 
Pretoria.  He  equips  himself  with  letters  from 
the  Mischief  Maker  at  Brussels  (who  might  as 
well  have  been  named  without  ceremony),  gets  to 
Pretoria  with  some  difficulty,  arranges  the  escape, 
and  gets  off  with  his  rescued  friend.  There  is  a 
good  deal  of  adventure  in  this  part  of  the  narra- 
tive, and  the  effect  is  distinctly  thrilling.  As  one 
of  the  first  of  what  will  doubtless  prove  a  long 
series  of  South  African  war  novels,  "  The  Fugi- 
tives "  sets  a  pace  that  may  be  regarded  as  satis- 
factory. 

"The  Son  of  Carleycroft,"  by  Mr.  Theodore 
Burt  Sayre,  is  a  dashing  and  spirited  romance  of 
the  time  of  Charles  II.  The  historical  interest  is 
slight,  but  we  become  absorbed  in  the  fortunes  of 
the  dare-devil  hero  and  the  coquettish  heroine.  It 
is  a  story  of  varied  incident,  exciting  adventure, 
and  wordy  encounters  of  wit.  If  the  wit  is  not 
exactly  sparkling,  it  will  serve,  and  the  animation 
of  the  narrative  is  well  sustained. 

Much  the  same  comment  may  be  made  upon 
"The  King's  Deputy,"  by  Mr.  M.  A.  Hinkson, 
although  here  the  historical  interest  is  more 
marked.  The  scene  is  Dublin  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  the  plot  centres  about  the 
Irish  conspiracies  against  the  royal  authority. 
Grattan  figures  among  the  characters,  as  well  as 
our  old  friend  Napper  Tandy  of  the  popular  bal- 
lad. The  story  is  a  thin  one,  but  not  uninteresting. 

"  Chloris  of  the  Island,"  the  latest  romance  by 
Mr.  H.  B.  Marriott  Watson,  is  a  wild  tale  of  love 
and  villainy,  of  "free  trading"  and  secret  plot- 


498 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


tings  with  the  enemy,  told  of  the  southwest  coast 
and  of  the  time  when  a  French  invasion  was  an 
ever-living  danger  to  England.  The  hero  is  almost 
as  much  of  a  swashbuckler  as  the  desperate  scoun- 
drel whose  devices  he  sets  himself  to  thwart,  and 
the  heroine  is  a  hot-blooded  and  passionate  crea- 
ture who  proves  his  fit  counterpart.  The  story  has 
a  strange  fascination,  and  is  pitched  throughout  at 
a  high  key  of  excitement.  Heroics  of  all  kinds 
are  bestowed  with  a  lavish  hand  upon  the  narra- 
tive, which  has  also  a  certain  distinction  of  style, 
although  its  affectations  of  language  are  somewhat 
too  pronounced  to  be  altogether  productive  of  a 
satisfactory  effect. 

"The  Footsteps  of  a  Throne,"  by  Mr.  Max 
Femberton,  repeats  the  success  of  the  author's 
"  Kronstadt,"  being  a  second  romance  of  Russian 
life.  The  heroine  is  a  beautiful  woman  of  noble 
family,  and  her  reckless  escapades,  combined  with 
a  passion  for  gambling,  have  brought  her  into  dis- 
favor with  the  court.  Confined  by  imperial  order 
to  her  palace  at  Moscow,  she  is  eating  out  her 
heart  when  a  rescuer  appears  upon  the  scene  in 
the  person  of  an  English  nobleman,  who  falls  in 
love  with  her,  and,  after  many  perils,  including  an 
expedition  to  the  wilds  of  the  Caucasus,  carries  her 
off  to  England  as  his  wife.  Mr.  Pemberton's 
crisp  and  animated  style,  together  with  his  ac- 
quaintance with  the  scenes  and  social  conditions 
which  he  describes,  gives  to  the  book  an  interest 
that  does  not  flag,  and  makes  it  an  admirable 
example  of  artificial  romance. 

"  Venice,  with  her  life  and  glory  but  a  memory, 
is  still  the  citta  nobilissima  —  a  city  of  moods, — 
all  beautiful  to  the  beauty-lover,  all  mystic  to  the 
dreamer ;  between  the  wonderful  blue  of  the  water 
and  the  sky  she  floats  like  a  mirage  —  visionary  — 
unreal  —  and  under  the  spell  of  her  fascination  we 
are  not  critics,  but  lovers."  These  introductory 
words  strike  the  keynote  of  Mrs.  Lawrence  Turn- 
bull's  historical  novel  called  "  The  Golden  Book 
of  Venice,"  and,  as  we  turn  its  pages  in  sympa- 
thetic mood,  we  become  "  not  critics,  but  lovers," 
so  great  is  the  charm  of  the  work,  so  compelling 
its  power  to  bring  back  to  us  half-forgotten  mem- 
ories of  the  city  of  the  lagoons,  and  revivify  count- 
less past  associations  that  had  half-faded  from  the 
consciousness.  Jne  does  not  often  come  upon  a 
book  so  interpenetrated  with  a  passion  for  its  sub- 
ject, a  book  at  once  so  firmly  based  upon  historical 
fact,  and  so  intensely  spiritualized  in  the  alembic 
of  the  imagination.  The  central  figure  of  Mrs. 
Turnbull's  romance  is  that  great  scholar  and  theo- 
logian, Fra  Paola  Sarpi,  and  the  story  passes  at 
the  time  when  the  proverbial  saying,  "  We  are 
Venetians  first,  Christians  afterwards,"  had  its 
origin.  In  other  words,  it  is  the  time  when  Venice, 
proudly  resisting  the  pretensions  of  an  arrogant 
papacy,  and  placed  under  an  interdict,  was  cham- 
pioned by  Sarpi,  and  emerged  triumphant  from 
the  struggle.  This  situation  offers  splendid  mater- 
ial for  the  historical  novelist,  and  it  has  here  been 


put  to  most  effective  use.  Combined  with  it  we 
have  a  tale  of  private  love  and  suffering,  of  love 
between  a  young  patrician  and  a  daughter  of  the 
people,  of  suffering  that  grows  out  of  the  wife's 
divided  allegiance  to  her  husband  and  the  interests 
of  the  state,  on  the  one  hand,  and  to  her  religious 
ideals,  on  the  other.  For  in  all  this  terrible  matter 
of  the  interdict,  the  heroine  remains  steadfast  in 
her  faith  that  the  Church  must  be  right,  and  when 
the  Church  is  defied  by  those  whom  she  holds 
dearest,  her  life  is  slowly  sapped  away  in  a  sort  of 
spiritual  agony.  This  woman,  who  displays  the 
soul  of  a  St.  Catherine  amid  the  evils  that  beset 
her,  is  studied  with  rare  insight  and  sympathy ; 
she  almost  persuades  us  to  espouse  her  cause, 
although  reason  asserts  it  to  be  the  cause  of  igno- 
rance against  knowledge,  of  tyranny  against  free- 
dom. This  book  is  much  the  most  important  that 
Mrs.  Turnbull  has  yet  written  ;  for  in  it  she  for  the 
first  time  comes  down  from  the  clouds,  and  plants 
herself  upon  solid  earth,  yet  relinquishes  no  essen- 
tial part  of  the  insuperable  idealism  which  is  her 
most  marked  characteristic. 

"  The  Cobbler  of  Nimes,"  by  Miss  Mary  Imlay 
Taylor,  is  a  story  of  the  Huguenot  persecutions 
under  Louis  XIV.  The  scene  is  in  the  CeVennes 
region,  and  the  time  the  beginning  of  the  eight- 
eenth century.  The  story  is  a  graceful  idyl  in 
the  main,  but  it  has  a  background  of  horrors,  and 
the  writer  exercises  an  admirable  restraint  in  keep- 
ing them  in  the  background.  The  framework  is 
slight,  and  constructed  upon  conventional  lines,  but 
Miss  Taylor  has  the  instinct  of  the  story-teller,  and 
the  book  is  as  pleasing  as  its  four  or  five  pre- 
decessors. 

Some  years  ago,  a  formless  and  fantastic  piece 
of  fiction  entitled  "  Etidorhpa  "  was  published,  and 
found  its  way  to  a  limited  circle  of  readers.  It 
was  the  work  of  Mr.  John  Uri  Lloyd,  of  Cincin- 
nati, a  chemist  by  profession,  and  the  conceit  of 
the  title  (which  was  merely  "  Aphrodite  "  reversed) 
seemed  typical  of  the  unregulated  sort  of  imagina- 
tion which  the  book  displayed.  It  certainly  gave 
no  promise  of  further  work  on  conventional  lines, 
and  it  is  something  of  a  surprise  to  find  in  "  String- 
town  on  the  Pike,"  Mr.  Lloyd's  second  production, 
a  novel  sufficiently  like  the  run  of  current  fiction 
to  admit  of  classification.  This  book  is  a  picture 
of  life  in  a  Kentucky  country  town  during  the 
period  of  the  Civil  War.  Its  method  is  that  of 
realism,  and  its  plot  is  one  of  considerable  interest. 
Amateurish  and  ill-balanced  though  it  be,  it  some- 
how has  got  the  trick  of  holding  our  attention,  and 
even  of  persuading  us  to  make  our  way  through 
many  tangled  pages  of  a  peculiarly  difficult  species 
of  negro  dialect.  The  principal  character,  in  fact, 
is  that  of  old  Cupe,  whose  strange  mental  processes 
and  superstitious  beliefs  enable  the  author  to  make 
a  rich  exhibit  of  negro  folk-lore.  These  super- 
stitions are  used  too  seriously  as  a  motive  in  the 
plot,  but  they  are  woven  into  the  fabric  of  the 
narrative  with  great  ingenuity,  and  the  impression 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL, 


made  by  them  is  distinctly  uncanny.  The  various 
types  of  white  character  are  delineated  with  no 
little  skill,  and  it  must  be  said  that  the  author  has 
the  instinct  of  the  novelist,  although  lacking  in  the 
technical  training.  There  is  a  fresh  vigor  about 
his  book  that  atones  for  many  faults,  and,  as  one 
dramatic  or  melodramatic  situation  succeeds  an- 
other, one  cannot  fail  to  be  impressed  by  the  fer- 
tility of  resource  displayed,  as  well  as  by  the  fund 
of  keen  observation  from  which  the  author  has 
been  able  to  draw. 

Being  an  eminent  mathematician  and  astronomer 
does  not  prevent  Mr.  Simon  Newcomb  from  being 
several  other  things  with  almost  equal  success.  Some 
years  ago,  be  published  a  treatise  on  political  econ- 
omy which  must  have  been  something  of  a  surprise 
even  to  those  who  knew  him  best,  for  it  was  the 
work  of  a  man  who  had  mastered  the  subject,  and 
compared  favorably  with  the  productions  of  the 
best  professional  economists.  Now  Mr.  Newcomb 
has  turned  novelist  for  a  change,  and  has  written  a 
romance  of  the  scientific  imagination  which  is  also 
a  distinctly  successful  production.  It  is  called  "His 
Wisdom  the  Defender,"  and  tells  the  story  of  a 
new  kind  of  air-ship.  Strictly  speaking,  the  inven- 
tion is  more  than  an  air-ship,  for  it  enables  its  in- 
ventor so  to  defy  the  law  of  gravitation  that  he 
soars  above  the  atmosphere  and  circumnavigates 
the  globe  in  the  medium  of  the  luminiferous  ether. 
The  invention  is  put  to  a  philanthropic  purpose,  for 
it  is  made  the  means  of  doing  away  with  warfare, 
and  establishing  an  era  of  universal  peace.  How 
the  great  powers  are  forced  to  accept  the  situation, 
how  their  forces  are  disarmed  and  their  navies 
sunk,  are  matters  that  go  to  make  up  a  tale  as 
startling  as  any  told  by  M.  Jules  Verne,  and  a 
tale,  moreover,  that  even  to  the  searching  criticism 
of  exact  science  has  no  slight  degree  of  verisimili- 
tude. There  is  also  a  mere  hint  of  a  love  story, 
but  this  might  as  well  have  been  suppressed,  for  it 
affords  the  least  realistic  feature  of  the  book,  and 
is  the  product  of  a  too  visible  effort. 

"  Rafnaland,"  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Wilson,  is  also  a 
story  of  an  air-ship,  but  in  this  case  we  have  to  do 
with  a  simple  balloon,  not  with  a  new  form  of  en- 
ergy. A  young  man  —  become  an  aeronaut  malgri 
lui  —  drifts  northward  to  the  very  pole,  and  there 
discovers  a  habitable  country,  populated  by  a  Norse 
colony  that  had  sought  refuge  for  themselves  and 
their  gods  some  thousand  years  before,  at  the  time 
when  Christianity  was  being  forced  upon  their  re- 
luctant kinsfolk  by  the  method  of  fire  and  sword. 
Here  in  their  new  home  these  Norsemen  had  pre- 
served their  faith,  their  language,  and  their  an- 
cient customs,  and  here  our  hero  was  made  welcome 
and  adopted  into  the  race.  The  fair  Astrid  consoles 
him  for  the  loss  of  home  and  kindred,  and  the  love 
interest  is  made  conspicuous,  although  agreeably 
varied  by  fighting  and  other  forms  of  diversion. 
We  find  ourselves  fairly  plunged  into  the  life  of 
the  sagas,  and  their  spirit  is  skilfully  reproduced 
by  the  writer's  invention.  In  the  end,  the  hero  and 


the  heroine  take  flight  in  the  old  balloon — reinflated 
with  volcanic  hydrogen  —  and  are  fated  to  die  of 
cold  and  exposure.  But  their  story  has  been  written 
out,  and  is  brought  back  to  civilization  by  the  ship 
that  discovers  their  remains. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS. 
it. 

At  the  head  of  the  season's  list  of  art  works 
proper  must  be  placed  Lady  Dilke's  scholarly  and 
superbly  illustrated  treatise  on  the  chief  "  French 
Architects  and  Sculptors  of  the  XVIIIth  Century  " 
(Macmillan).  The  volume  is  designed  to  carry 
forward  and  supplement  the  work  begun  last  year 
in  the  same  author's  "  French  Painters  of  the 
XVIIIth  Century,"  and  the  system  followed  is  the 
same.  The  artists  chosen  for  treatment  are  those 
who  left  most  plainly  their  impress  on  the  art  of 
their  time,  and  whose  spirit  and  treatment  reflected 
most  clearly  the  ideals  distinctive  of  their  century. 
The  architects  are  seen  to  be  engaged  largely  in 
solving  the  problems  peculiar  to  a  day  of  transition 
—  in  remodelling  and  adapting  the  old,  and  bring- 
ing it  into  closer  correspondence  with  modern  ideals 
of  comfort  and  convenience.  The  sculptors  give 
a  new  direction  to  the  fanciful  "sculpture  d'ap- 
partement,"  and  assert  their  independence  —  giving 
to  the  statue,  and  then  to  the  statuette,  a  new  sig- 
nificance. Many  of  the  finest  achievements  of 
masters  like  Guillaume  Coustou  fils,  Pigalle,  Hou- 
don,  Clod  ion,  Falconnet,  Lemoyne,  Caffieri,  are 
little  known  even  in  their  own  country  ;  and  one  is 
glad  to  see  justice  done  them  in  this  beautiful  and 
solidly  wrought  work.  "  My  object,"  says  Lady 
Dilke,  "  is  to  trace  the  traditions  by  which  the  chief 
amongst  these  men  were  guided  ;  to  give  such  an 
account  of  their  lives  as  may  render  them  some- 
thing more  than  mere  names  to  us  ;  to  bring  order 
into  our  conception  of  their  works  ;  and  to  support 
the  conclusions  of  the  text  by  typical  illustrations 
of  their  performance."  We  shall  not  attempt  here 
to  particularize  as  to  the  character  and  attractions  of 
these  beautiful  and,  in  many  cases,  unfamiliar  de- 
signs. They  are  finely  reproduced  ;  and  we  counsel 
the  reader  of  artistic  tastes  not  to  rob  himself  of  a 
genuine  pleasure  through  failing  to  inspect  them. 
The  volume  is  superbly  printed,  and  in  every  phy- 
sical regard  worthy  of  its  content. 

Eloquent  with  the  echoes  of  an  enchanting  by- 
gone world  is  the  noble  volume  containing  a  trans- 
lation, by  Florence  Simmonds  and  M.  Jourdain, 
of  Pierre  Gusman's  "Pompeii:  The  City,  its  Life 
and  Art"  (Dodd).  M.  Gusman's  encyclopaedic 
book  is  first  of  all  a  work  of  laboriously  won  archae- 
ological knowledge;  it  is  also  a  work  of  consci- 
entiously restrained  and  disciplined  historical 
imagination,  through  every  page  of  which  the 
writer's  enthusiasm  shines.  M.  Gusman  has  not 
attempted  a  complete  imaginary  reconstruction  of 


500 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


Pompeii,  — that  is  to  say,  his  work  is  not  vitiated 
by  the  element  of  mere  conjecture.  But  he  has 
honestly  tried  to  so  marshal  and  interpret  the  many 
and  graphic  evidences  we  have  of  the  life  and 
architectural  aspect  of  the  buried  city  as  to  make 
it  live  again  for  us  as  nearly  as  possible.  In  his 
own  words,  his  book  is  "  a  history  of  the  Pompei- 
ans,  illustrated  by  themselves."  The  volume  opens 
with  a  short  historical  review  ;  then  follow  chapters 
severally  headed  :  The  Tombs,  the  Temples  and 
the  Various  Cults  ;  Public  Buildings  and  Recrea- 
tions of  Pompei ;  The  Streets  —  Inscriptions  — 
Industries;  The  Giaeco-Roman  House;  The  Arts. 
The  illustrations  are  on  a  lavish  scale,  and  would 
seem  to  leave  no  phase  of  Pompeian  life  untouched. 
They  consist  of  500  text  illustrations  and  twelve 
colored  plates,  from  drawings  by  the  author.  The 
volume  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the  season's 
gift-books,  and  it  forms  a  rich  mine  of  entertain- 
ment and  instruction. 

Mr.  Joel  Cook's  "  America :  Picturesque  and 
Descriptive  "  is  issued  in  three  well-manufactured 
and  beautifully- illustrated  volumes  by  Messrs. 
Henry  T.  Coates  &  Co.  Mr.  Cook's  object  is  to 
give  the  busy  reader  who  has  no  time  or  opportunity 
for  travel  such  comprehensive  general  knowledge 
as  every  intelligent  American  ought  to  have  of  the 
geography,  history,  picturesque  attractions,  local 
peculiarities,  and  so  on,  of  his  own  country.  Mr. 
Cook's  descriptions  are  concise  and  literal,  and  are 
the  result  largely  of  notes  taken  by  him  during 
years  of  extended  travel  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  The  work  is  arranged  in  twenty-one 
tours,  each  volume  beginning  at  the  older  settle- 
ments upon  the  Atlantic  sea-board,  and  each 
"  tour "  describing  a  route  such  as  the  traveller 
would  ordinarily  take  from  the  given  starting-point. 
Mr.  Cook  has  skimmed  in  his  sight-seeing  flights 
the  main  points  of  interest  in  this  country  pretty 
comprehensively,  and  he  gives  us  glimpses  of  Can- 
ada and  Alaska  as  well.  The  information  conveyed 
is  necessarily  superficial,  but  it  is  certainly  such  as 
none  of  us  should  be  without.  The  book  is  of  no 
literary  pretension,  which  is  doubtless  a  point  in  its 
favor.  The  photogravure  plates,  of  which  there  are 
a  great  many,  are  well  chosen  as  to  subject,  and 
are,  in  point  of  execution,  notably  meritorious 
specimens  of  their  kind. 

Those  wisest  of  classics,  the  •'  Meditations  of 
Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  "  and  the  "  Essayes  or 
Counsels  "  of  Francis  Bacon,  reappear  this  season 
in  particularly  alluring  companion  editions,  under 
the  joint  imprint  of  J.  M.  Dent  &  Co.  of  London 
and  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  of  New  York.  The 
"  Meditations"  are  given  in  Casaubon's  translation, 
under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  W.  H.  D.  Rouse,  who 
supplies  an  Introduction,  with  Glossary  and  Ap- 
pendix. Casaubon's  version  is  printed  without 
emendation,  though  the  cumbersome  and  confusing 
brackets  of  the  original  editions  are  omitted,  as  are 
the  discursive  and  not  strictly  elucidatory  notes.  Mr. 
Walter  Worrall  is  the  editor  of  the  "  Essayes,"  an 


excellent  Introduction  is  provided  by  Mr.  Oliphant 
Stneaton,  and  several  useful  Appendices  are  in- 
cluded. The  text  followed  is  that  of  1625,  Bacon's 
final  and  complete  edition.  The  spelling  and  punc- 
tuation have  been  "  modernized,"  and  we  are  glad 
to  note  that  the  errors  usually  incident  to  this  pro- 
cess seem  here  to  have  been  avoided.  Both  volumes 
are  light  to  the  hand,  and  the  strong  and  handsome 
typography  is  most  inviting.  The  numerous  plates 
in  photogravure,  rubricated  head  and  tail  pieces, 
initials,  and  chapter-headings,  and  the  exquisite 
cover-designs,  complete  an  exterior  ensemble  at  once 
elegant  and  dainty.  For  a  friend  of  cultivated 
tastes  we  can  suggest  no  better  gift-books  than 
these. 

Bound  in  white,  the  two  volumes  decorated  with 
the  lymphad  which  forms  the  distinctive  heraldic 
emblem  of  the  city,  the  late  Grant  Allen's  "  Paris  " 
(Page)  forms  a  beautiful  addition  to  the  half  guide- 
book, half  history,  series  which  is  so  much  in  vogue 
at  the  present  time.  The  illustrations  are  numerous 
and  pertinent,  the  facade  of  Notre  Dame  being 
represented  in  the  frontispiece  of  the  first  volume 
and  the  Venus  de  Milo  in  that  of  the  second.  The 
narrative  is  planned  as  an  artistic  itinerary  for  the 
sojourner  in  the  French  capital,  and  the  pains  he 
may  take  to  follow  its  directions  will  bear  fruit  in 
the  thoroughness  with  which  the  real  beauties  of 
the  French  capital  will  disclose  themselves  to  his 
searching  eyes.  Especially  valuable  is  a  chapter  or 
two  on  "  How  to  Study  Paintings  in  the  Louvre." 
Though  Grant  Allen  was  rather  a  man  of  science 
than  an  art  student  or  critic,  he  was  also  a  man 
of  judgment  and  taste,  and  his  instructions  can 
be  made  to  bear  fruit  in  even  the  most  ordinary 
hands. 

A  tastefully  embellished,  pleasantly  and  tactfully 
written,  book  is  Virginia  Tatnall  Peacock's  "  Famous 
American  Belles  of  the  Nineteenth  Century " 
(Lippincott).  The  author  has  selected  her  subjects 
not  alone  for  the  distinction  of  personal  charm,  but 
also  for  the  qualities  which  contribute  to  social  and, 
in  a  sense,  political  eminence, — as  is  evinced  by 
the  inclusion  of  such  names  as  Elizabeth  Patterson, 
Margaret  O'Neill,  Harriet  Lane,  Kate  Chase, 
Etnilie  Schaumburg,  Jennie  Jerome,  and  so  on. 
There  are  nineteen  names  in  the  list,  which  begins 
with  Marcia  Burns,  and  closes  with  Mary  Victoria 
Leiter.  The  portraits  are  both  charming  and 
interesting  (the  initial  one  is  printed  in  colors), 
and  the  delicate  binding  of  light-blue  and  gilt 
rounds  out  a  harmonious  whole. 

We  should  not  care  to  be  the  owner  of  mind 
insensible  to  the  manifold  attractions  of  the  new 
Holiday  edition  of  Mr.  James  Lane  Allen's  "  A  Ken- 
tucky Cardinal"  (Macmillan).  To  illustrate  the 
charming  story  seems  like  painting  the  lily  ;  but 
we  admit,  now  we  have  inspected  them,  inhaled 
their  dainty,  subtly  suggestive  fragrance,  as  it 
were,  that  the  one  hundred  drawings  by  Hugh 
Thomson  which  form  the  main  new  feature  of  the 
edition  strikes  us  as  having  been  all  along  the  one 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


501 


element  needed  to  make  Mr.  Allen's  story  perfect 
in  its  kind.  There  is  also  a  delightful  Introduc- 
tion by  Mr.  Allen,  and  the  volume  contains  the 
sequel,  "  Aftermath,"  as  well.  The  cover  of  light 
green  shows  a  design  in  gilt  of  Chaucerian  sug- 
gestiveness — birds  and  boughs  and  leafy  sprays, 
etc.  All  in  all,  the  volume  is  one  of  the  tastefullest 
in  its  class  this  season. 

There  is  no  end  to  books  about  Paris,  nor,  we 
suppose,  to  the  demand  for  them.  All  sanguine 
people  hope  to  get  to  Paris  some  day  ;  and  the 
prudent  ones  like  to  "  read  up  "  beforehand,  to  be 
ready  for  the  blessed  contingency  when  it  hap- 
pens. The  latest  book  of  the  kind,  and  one,  we 
should  think,  distinctly  meant  for  the  behoof  of  the 
sanguine  souls  aforesaid,  is  Mr.  E.  A.  Reynolds- 
Ball's  two-volume  work  called  "  Paris  in  its  Splen- 
dor "  (Dana  Estes  &  Co.).  The  book  is  mainly 
descriptive,  though  there  is  a  vein  of  history  run- 
ning through  it.  The  author  says  that  he  has  tried 
to  give  a  general  impression  of  Paris  past  and 
present,  and  of  the  more  striking  features  of  the 
social  life  of  Paris  of  today.  On  its  guide  book 
side  (and  it  is  really  a  superior  sort  of  guide  to 
Paris  and  its  worthier  sights)  the  book  furnishes 
much  information  as  to  museums  and  picture- 
galleries,  historic  churches,  monuments,  historic 
spots  and  buildings,  parks,  drives,  and  gardens, 
and  so  on.  The  volumes  are  handsomely  made  — 
fine  paper,  excellent  print,  and  exquisite  covers  of 
white-and-gold,  protected  by  red  slip-covers.  There 
are  65  photographic  plates. 

Of  panoramic  quality  is  the  flat  oblong  volume, 
entitled  "  The  War  in  South  Africa  "  (P.  F.  Collier 
&  Son),  containing  Captain  A.  T.  Mahan's  valuable 
account  of  the  Anglo-Boer  conflict  from  the  opening 
of  hostilities  to  the  fall  of  Pretoria.  An  Introduc- 
tion is  supplied  by  Sir  John  G.  Bourinot,  and  the 
book,  on  the  whole,  seems  to  be  the  coolest  and 
most  impersonal  (and  therefore  the  most  instructive 
as  to  facts)  narrative  of  the  military  side  of  the 
deplorable  South  African  business  that  has  yet  ap- 
peared. The  copious  and  striking  photographic 
pictures,  a  number  of  which  are  reproduced  in 
colors,  have  the  effect  of  transporting  one  in  fancy 
to  the  scene  of  hostilities,  and  are  of  undeniable 
interest. 

Good  to  look  at  and  pleasant  to  read  are  the 
two  comely  little  volumes  entitled  "  Rambles  in 
Colonial  Byways"  (Lippincott).  In  them  the 
author  sets  forth  in  pleasing  style  the  result  of  his 
observations  during  a  series  of  leisurely  jaunts  to 
various  nooks  and  byways  in  New  England  and 
New  York,  and  alofig  the  Hudson,  in  Pennsylvania 
and  through  Washington's  country,  the  spots  vis- 
ited being  such  as  are  memorable  for  their  associa- 
tions and  souvenirs  of  Colonial  and  Revolutionary 
days.  A  set  of  charming  photographic  plates 
serves  to  adorn  the  work  and  vivify  the  text. 
Particularly  pretty  are  the  bindings  in  grass-green 
buckram  stamped  with  a  view  of  a  colonial  house 
and  garden. 


The  death  last  April  of  that  gentle  pictorial 
satirist  of  our  national  errors,  political  and  other, 
Francis  Gilbert  Attwood,  left  a  void  in  the  pages 
of  New  York's  bright  little  periodical,  "  Life,"  not 
easily  supplied.  Mr.  Attwood's  drawings  were 
always  clear,  significant,  wholesome.  It  was  sel- 
dom that  they  failed  of  a  palpable  hit.  They  were 
delightfully  humorous,  and  their  humor  was  gener- 
ally of  the  subtler  sort  that  appeals  to  the  intelli- 
gence. Most  of  them  were  contributed  to  "  Life," 
and  the  publishers  of  that  periodical  now  issue  the 
best  of  them  collected  in  chronological  sequence  in 
a  neat  volume  entitled  "Attwood's  Pictures." 
Thus  arranged  they  form  a  pleasant  pictorial  his- 
tory, in  the  satirist's  vein,  mainly,  of  the  closing 
decade  of  the  past  century.  There  is  never  any 
mistaking  Mr.  Attwood's  meaning,  and  his 
portraits,  for  all  their  humor,  are  recognizable 
at  once. 

The  Fleming  H.  Revell  Company  issue,  in  a 
well-made  quarto  volume,  "  The  Psalms  of  David," 
with  sixteen  full-page  drawings  and  numerous  dec- 
orations by  Louis  Rhead,  and  an  introductory 
study  of  the  psalmist  by  the  Rev.  Newell  Dwight 
Hillis.  Mr.  Rhead's  pictures  are  much  in  the 
style  of  his  contributions  to  the  pictorial  "  Pil- 
grim's Progress "  of  a  season  or  so  ago,  and  his 
decorations  are  simple  and  do  not  overbalance  the 
clear  and  open  print,  which  shows  to  advantage 
against  a  white-margined  ground  of  delicate  vel- 
lum-tint. In  his  introductory  study  Dr.  Hillis  tells 
in  an  agreeable  way  the  story  of  David's  life,  and 
points  out  its  bearings  upon  the  general  scheme  of 
human  conduct.  The  volume  is  richly  bound  in 
claret-color  and  gold,  and  forms  an  obviously  suit- 
able Christmas  gift. 

Mr.  Sadakichi  Hartmann  announces  in  his  preface 
to  "Shakespeare  in  Art "  (Page)  that  he  is  excep- 
tionally well  qualified  for  the  task  he  has  underta- 
ken, having  given  himself  such  a  preparation 
through  a  series  of  years  as  few  men  can  pretend 
to.  The  intention  of  his  work  is  to  present  in  a 
form  necessarily  brief  because  of  the  magnitude  of 
the  undertaking  some  account  of  the  various  forms 
of  art  and  the  notable  examples  in  each  form 
which  have  busied  themselves  in  picturing  Shake- 
speare or  his  characters.  The  first  chapter  deals 
with  the  portraits  —  a  threshing  out  of  old  straw 
which  neither  enlarges  nor  diminishes  our  custom- 
ary knowledge  of  the  subject.  Other  sections  of 
the  book  have  to  do  with  the  illustrators  and  with 
the  painters,  etchers,  engravers,  and  sculptors  who 
have  enhanced  their  own  and  the  great  dramatist's 
fame  by  their  works.  The  Droeshout  etching  is 
used  as  a  frontispiece  for  the  volume,  and  there  are 
numerous  half-tone  reproductions  of  famous  paint- 
ings and  portraits  scattered  throughout  the  pages. 

Mr.  Louis  C.  Elson  has  performed  a  valuable 
service  for  the  student  in  his  new  book  with  the 
explanatory  title,  u  Shakespeare  in  Music :  A  Col- 
lation of  the  Chief  Musical  Allusions  in  the  Plays 
of  Shakespeare,  with  an  Attempt  at  Their  Explan- 


502 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


ation  and  Derivation,  together  with  Much  of  the 
Original  Music"  (Page).  Nothing  so  extensive 
of  the  kind  has  been  attempted  heretofore,  nor 
has  any  result  quite  so  thorough  been  achieved, 
the  combination  of  musical  and  dramatic  know- 
ledge which  does  not  burn  itself  out  in  attention  to 
opera  being  unusual.  Profusely  illustrated,  both 
with  pictures  and  musical  scores,  with  a  learned 
dissertation  on  the  dances  of  the  time  by  way  of 
good  measure,  Mr.  Elson  has  produced  a  work  of 
considerable  authority  and  great  interest.  Among 
the  few  omissions  of  the  book  is  to  be  noted  a  fail- 
ure to  grasp  the  significance  of  the  Irish  tongue  as 
affording  a  key  to  certain  obscurely  un-English 
expressions  in  the  text  of  the  dramas.  Nor  should 
the  sub-title  have  limited  itself  to  "  plays  "  alone, 
the  poems  being  frequently  expounded  in  respect 
of  their  musical  references. 

Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.'s  commendable 
"  Coxhoe  "  edition  of  Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning's 
Complete  Works  comprises  six  volumes  (18uao, 
4x6  inches),  enclosed  in  a  strong  case  with  hinged 
cover.  Each  volume  contains  a  frontispiece  in  pho- 
togravure. The  editing,  by  Charlotte  Porter  and 
Helen  A.  Clarke,  has  been  carefully  and  helpfully 
done,  and  the  initial  volume  is  supplied  with  a 
Biographical  Introduction  and  Bibliography.  The 
edition  is  convenient  and  desirable  ;  and  its  general 
get-up  is  suggestive  of  presentation  uses. 

More  Omar !  The  volume  this  time  contains 
Fitzgerald's  versions  of  the  Ruba*iy£t,  a  Life  of 
Fitzgerald,  some  verses  to  Omar  by  Justin  H. 
McCarthy,  a  poem  by  Porter  Garnett,  a  batch  of 
Notes,  a  Life  of  Omar  —  quite  enough  for  one's 
money.  But  to  make  the  volume  thicker  yet  its 
leaves  of  rather  heavy  calendered  paper  are 
doubled,  so  that,  despite  the  quantitative  thinness 
of  its  piece  de  resistance,  we  get  a  fairly  thick 
octavo  after  all.  Omar  is  difficult  to  illustrate, 
but  Miss  Florence  Lundborg  has  tried  hard  to  do 
him  some  sort  of  justice  in  this  publication.  Candor 
compels  us  to  say  that  where  Vedder  succeeded 
indifferently  well,  Miss  Lundborg  has  scarcely 
succeeded  at  all.  Her  drawings  smack  a  little 
of  Vedder's  wild  and  whirling  symbolizations. 
They  smack  perhaps  more  of  Aubrey  Beardsley  — 
of  whose  fantasticalities  we  have  surely  had  enough. 
We  sincerely  wish  Miss  Lundborg  better  luck  next 
time  in  point  of  subject,  for  she  deserves  it.  The 
volume  is  heavy  to  the  hand,  and  its  cover  shows 
an  uninviting  combination  in  dull  chocolate  and 
black.  (Doxey's.) 

Miss  Margaret  Armstrong  is  well  and  deserv- 
edly to  the  fore  this  season  as  a  decorative  artist, 
and  in  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.'s  ornate  edition 
of  Browning's  "  Pippa  Passes  "  she  acquits  herself 
creditably  as  an  illustrator  proper  as  well.  The 
decorations  of  the  volume  are  very  profuse,  the 
main  feature  being  the  marginal  borders  and  semi- 
borders  showing  a  medley  of  designs  in  figures, 
symbols,  slightly  conventionalized  foliage,  flowers, 
fruit,  etc.  A  border  of  very  light  vellum-tint 


surrounds  the  text  of  each  page,  and  serves  as  an 
effective  ground  for  the  drawings.  The  cover  is 
decidedly  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the  year,  and  the 
publication,  all  in  all,  is  well  conceived  and  well 
wrought  out. 

The  richly  colored  and  gilded  cover-design,  pro- 
fuse illustrations,  and  illuminated  title-page  lend 
distinction  to  the  outer  ensemble  of  the  seasonable 
gift-book  entitled  "  Women  of  the  Bible  "  (Harper). 
The  text  consists  of  twelve  sketches  of  Biblical 
heroines  —  Eve,  Sarah,  Miriam,  Ruth,  Esther, 
Mary  the  Mother  of  Jesus,  etc.  —  from  the  pens  of 
as  many  eminent  divines,  Dr.  Lyman  Abbott,  Dr. 
Henry  Van  Dyke,  Cardinal  Gibbons,  Bishop  Hurst, 
Bishop  Potter,  and  others.  The  learned  and  rev- 
erend writers  havf  treated  their  respective  themes 
gracefully  and  entertainingly,  as  well  as  instruct- 
ively ;  so  that  the  book,  with  its  liberal  embellish- 
ments, is  one  to  charm  as  well  as  edify. 

A  temper  as  sweet  and  as  contemplative  as  Wal- 
ton's, a  sense  for  the  subtler  facts  of  nature  as  fine 
as  Jefferies's,  lend  distinction  among  works  of  its 
class  to  Dr.  Charles  C.  Abbott's  "  In  Nature's 
Realm"  (Albert  Brandt,  Trenton),  a  charming 
volume  which  we  have  already  had  occasion  to 
praise.  For  the  comparatively  uninitiated  votary 
of  Nature,  who  would  study  her  in  all  her  moods 
and  divine  her  best-kept  secrets,  we  know  of  no 
better  or  pleasanter  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend, 
than  Dr.  Abbott.  The  volume  is  suitably  illus- 
trated by  Oliver  Kemp,  and  we  are  glad  especially 
to  call  attention  to  the  typographical  beauty  of  the 
book  and  to  the  exceptional  quality  of  the  material 
used  in  its  manufacture  —  a  feature  characteristic 
of  all  of  this  publisher's  productions  that  we  have 
seen. 

The  exquisite  setting  bestowed  by  its  publishers 
upon  Eugene  Field's  newspaper  skit  entitled  "  The 
Temptation  of  Friar  Gonsol "  (Woodward  & 
Lothrop)  will  be  a  matter  of  some  wonderment  to 
readers  outside  the  circle  of  Mr.  Field's  old 
familiars,  and  therefore  unable  to  appreciate  the 
local  and  personal  hits  which  are  the  life  of  the 
piece,  such  as  it  has.  The  fun  of  "  Friar  Gonsol " 
is  not  of  a  side-splitting  order,  in  any  case.  Out- 
wardly the  volume  is  very  pretty  and  artistic.  It 
contains  several  portraits  of  the  author,  a  facsimile 
of  the  "  proof  "  of  "  Friar  Gonsol,"  and  so  on.  The 
cover  is  of  semi  flexible  white  vellum  tied  with 
cherry  ribbons,  and  the  edition  is  limited  to  three 
hundred  copies. 

"  Contemporary  American  Composers,"  by  Rupert 
Hughes,  and  "  Famous  Pianists  of  To-Day  and  Yes- 
terday," by  Henry  C.  Lahee,  form  a  brace  of  ac- 
ceptable additions  to  Messrs.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.'s 
pretty  and  convenient ''  Music  Lovers'  Series."  Mr. 
Hughes  has  written  a  well  considered  and  rather 
comprehensive  critical  study  of  contemporary  na- 
tive music,  and  his  researches  have  led  him  to  the 
cheerful  conclusion  that  some  of  the  very  best  mod- 
ern music  is  being  written  here  at  home,  and  only 
needs  the  light  to  secure  its  due  meed  of  praise. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


503 


Mr.  Haghes's  industry  is  patent  throughout  the 
book,  and  we  admit  the  force  of  his  contention  that 
the  fact  that  he  has  gone  through  "  at  least  a  ton 
of  American  compositions  "  with  undiminished  en- 
thusiasm is  evidence  of  some  virtue  in  native  music 
—  examples  of  which,  by  the  way,  he  reproduces. 
Among  the  composers  treated  in  the  volume  are  Ed- 
ward MacDowell,  John  P.  Souaa,  Henry  Schoene- 
feld,  G.  W.  Chadwick,  Harry  Rowe  Shelley,  F.  F. 
Bullard,  A.  J.  Goodrich,  Margaret  Ruthven,  Lang, 
etc.  —  More  biographical  in  treatment  are  Mr. 
Lahee's  sketches  of  "  Famous  Pianists,"  issued  by 
the  same  firm,  in  the  same  series.  The  names  are 
arranged  as  nearly  as  possible  in  chronological  or- 
der, and  the  list  includes,  besides  artists  of  world- 
wide reputation,  the  best  known  local  pianists,  both 
of  Europe  and  America.  Mr.  Lahee  writes  agree- 
ably, and  with  ample  knowledge  of  his  theme.  Each 
volume  is  liberally  equipped  with  portraits,  and 
each  forms  a  pretty  and  suitable  gift  for  a  music- 
loving  friend. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  F.  Ellet's  comprehensive  series 
of  sketches  of  "  Women  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion "  is  deservedly  republished  in  attractive  form 
and  with  a  generous  array  of  portraits,  by  Messrs. 
George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.  Mrs.  Anne  Hollingsworth 
Wharton  supplies  a  needed  Introduction.  The 
table  of  contents  shows  a  long  list  of  names,  many 
of  which  will  doubtless  be  unfamiliar  to  most  read- 
ers, but  none  of  which  seem  to  be  unworthy  of 
inclusion.  Mrs.  Ellet's  sketches  were  written  long 
before  the  current  fad  for  things  Colonial  showed 
itself,  and  this  may  be  considered  by  some  a  point 
in  their  favor.  Her  material,  too,  was  gathered 
at  a  time  when  it  was  still  possible  to  question  wit- 
nesses who  could  speak  from  memory  directly  to 
the  facts,  and  hence,  as  Mrs.  Wharton  notes,  there 
are  many  passages  in  the  book  in  which  the  fruit 
of  such  gleaning  is  manifest  in  the  vividness  and 
circumstantiality  with  which  scenes  and  characters 
are  depicted. 

Dividing  the  sexes  with  a  Shaker-like  strictness, 
Mr.  Lewis  C.  Strang  prepares  two  volumes  of  con- 
temporaneous dramatic  history,  calling  one  "  Prima 
Donnas  and  Soubrettes "  and  the  other,  "  Cel- 
ebrated Comedians,"  using  the  same  sub-title  for 
both  —  "  of  Light  Opera  and  Musical  Comedy  in 
America"  (Page).  The  two  volumes,  bound  in 
white  for  Christmas  gifts,  have  the  same  general 
plan  and  treatment  throughout.  Mr.  Strang's 
concern  is  with  singers  and  comedians  whose  at- 
tractions still  pass  current  among  us,  and  in  this 
regard  he  is  catholic  in  his  tastes.  In  one  volume 
Misses  Alice  Nielson,  Lillian  Russell,  Virginia 
Earle,  Fay  Templeton,  Delia  Fox,  Josephine  Hall, 
Mesdames  Edna  Wallace  Hopper,  Jessie  Bartlett 
Davis,  and  others  of  their  sisters  find  place  beside 
such  professional  "  entertainers "  as  Miss  Marie 
Dressier  and  Miss  Maud  Raymond,  and  are  dis- 
cussed in  a  breezy,  newspaperish  manner.  In  the 
other  volume  inclusiveness  also  is  sought  rather 
than  particularity,  such  extremes  as  Mr.  Henry 


Clay  Barnabee  and  Mr.  Francis  Wilson,  Mr.  Digby 
Bell  and  the  Rogers  Brothers,  Mr.  Frank  E.  Dan- 
iels and  Mr.  Peter  F.  Dailey,  Mr.  Henry  E.  Dixey 
and  Mr.  Otis  Harlan  meeting  in  the  pages.  The 
two  books  speak  more  for  American  good  nature 
than  American  art,  either  musical  or  histrionic. 
Numerous  half-tone  reproductions  of  photographs 
decorate  the  volumes. 

A  rather  happy  conception  is  embodied  in  the 
desirable  volume  entitled  "  Wonders  of  Nature  " 
(Dodd),  the  contents  of  which  have  been  edited, 
and  in  some  instances  translated,  by  Miss  Esther 
Singleton.  The  book  is  a  compilation  of  descrip- 
tions by  writers  of  more  or  less  celebrity,  of  striking 
natural  views  and  scenic  phenomena,  the  principle 
or  ground  of  selection  being  subjectiveness  of  treat- 
ment and  literary  merit,  rather  than  topographical 
or  scientific  accuracy  and  interest.  The  selections 
have  been  made  with  taste,  and  where  translation 
has  been  called  for  it  has  been  gracefully  and  intel- 
ligently done.  There  are  forty-six  papers  in  all,  and 
nearly  as  many  full-page  plates  in  half-tone,  which 
are  of  acceptable  quality.  Those  seeking  models  of 
style  in  this  order  of  descriptive  writing  will  find 
the  book  a  treasure-house  of  examples. 

Mrs.  Sarah  P.  McL.  Greene's  racy  New  England 
novel  "  Vesty  of  the  Basins  "  (Harper)  has  already 
won  its  way  to  public  favor,  and  we  are  glad  to  see 
it  reissued  in  tempting  Holiday  dress,  of  which  the 
main  feature  is  the  many  illustrations  from  draw- 
ings by  Otto  H.  Bacher  and  from  photographs  by 
Clifton  Johnson.  Mr.  Johnson's  photographs  serve 
to  accentuate  the  local  flavor  of  the  book,  while  its 
"daown  East"  drollery  and  quiet  sentiment  are 
faithfully  reflected  in  Mr.  Bacher's  designs.  A 
welcome  addition  is  the  frontispiece  portrait  of  the 
author. 

"  The  Friendly  Year  "  (Scribner)  is  a  little  year- 
book of  selections  in  prose  and  verse,  an  extract 
for  each  day,  from  the  works  of  Dr.  Henry  van 
Dyke,  chosen  and  arranged  by  the  Rev.  George 
Sidney  Webster.  An  extract  from  these  cheery 
and  wholesome  writings  is  a  good  thing  certainly 
to  begin  the  day  with,  and  Dr.  Webster's  little  an- 
thology should  find  friends.  In  indicating  his  prin- 
ciple of  selection  the  editor  says:  "I  have  not 
sought  to  illustrate  literary  qualities,  so  much  as  to 
bring  out  the  dominant  note  of  human  friendliness 
and  comradeship,  which  runs  through  the  writings 
of  an  author  who  knows  books  well,  but  who  cares 
more  for  people."  A  portrait  of  Dr.  van  Dyke 
forms  the  frontispiece. 

The  very  presentable  yet  moderate-priced  new 
edition  of  Fenimore  Cooper  published  by  the 
Macmillan  Co.  opens  promisingly  with  "  The  Last 
of  the  Mohicans."  The  volume  —  a  handy,  full 
gilt,  rather  closely  but  legibly-printed  12  mo  in 
light-green  binding  —  is  prefaced  by  a  general 
Introduction  on  Cooper  by  Mr.  Mowbray  Morris, 
and  contains  twenty-five  drawings  of  good  quality 
by  Mr.  H.  M.  Brock.  We  are  glad  to  say  that 
Mr.  Brock  has  not  unduly  "  Remington! zed  "  his 


504 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


author,  but  has  impliedly  recognized  in  his  romance- 
tinged  designs  the  fact  that  we  go  to  Cooper  for 
the  solace  that  comes  from  shaking  off  for  the 
nonce  the  real  and  the  literal,  and  that  we  would 
therefore  be  likely  to  prove  the  reverse  of  grateful 
to  the  artist  who  might  persist  in  thrusting  it  back 
upon  us  every  few  pages  in  his  provokingly  matter- 
of-fact  pictures. 

In  "The  Pilgrim  Shore"  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.) 
Mr.  E.  H.  Garrett  has  done  for  the  South  Shore 
of  Massachusetts  Bay  what  he  did  for  the  North 
Shore  of  New  England  in  his  "  Romance  and 
Reality  of  the  Puritan  Coast."  The  whole  South 
Shore  and  its  towns,  Dorchester,  Neponset,  Quincy, 
Weymouth,  Hingham,  Hull,  Duxbury,  Plymouth, 
etc.,  is  treated  in  this  volume.  There  are  many 
full-page  drawings  and  vignettes,  the  treatment 
mingling  description  and  fancy  in  due  proportions. 
The  book  is  pleasantly  written,  and  makes  a  brave 
showing  in  its  tasteful  binding  of  white  and  gold. 

Considerable  amusement  may  be  found  in  Mr. 
Gay  Wetmore  Carry  1's  "  Mother  Goose  for  Grown- 
Ups"  (Harper),  and  we  should  be  sorry  to  possess 
the  soul  that  could  see  nothing  funny  in  Mr.  Peter 
Newell's  illustrations  in  the  same.  Mr.  Carryl  has 
adapted  the  old  nursery  jingles  in  much  the  same 
manner  as  he  dealt  with  the  fables  of  La  Fontaine 
some  time  since.  Mr.  Newell  has  a  humor  all  his 
own  ;  but  his  debt  as  an  artist  to  Boutet  de  Monvel 
is  plain.  Other  drawings  in  the  book  are  by  Mr. 
Gustave  Verbeck. 

Charles  Lever's  rollicking  song  of  "  Tipperary 
Joe,"  which  readers  of  "  Jack  Hinton,  the  Guards- 
man "  will  remember,  makes  its  appearance,  re- 
christened  "  The  Song  of  a  Vagabond  Huntsman  " 
(Russell),  in  a  flat  oblong  volume,  with  a  gayly 
colored  frontispiece  and  a  number  of  other  pictures 
in  monotint,  all  the  work  of  Wm.  Anderson  Sher- 
wood. Mr.  Sherwood's  drawings,  of  which  there 
are  one  to  each  verse,  faithfully  reflect  the  humor 
of  the  song,  and  the  book  should  certainly  find 
favor  in  the  Hibernian  eye. 

Mr.  Oliver  Herford's  skill  in  versification  lends 
a  certain  distinction  to  most  of  the  whimsically 
humorous  verse  in  his  little  book  of  collected  poems 
entitled  "Overheard  in  a  Garden"  (Scribner). 
The  book  is  full  of  pretty  conceits  and  neatly- 
turned  rhymes,  and  the  drawings,  also  by  Mr.  Her- 
ford,  duly  reflect  the  spirit  of  the  text.  The  cover- 
design,  in  colors,  is  quaintly  fancied,  and  tempts 
one  to  peep  within. 

The  quaint  fun  of  that  funniest  of  our  illustra- 
tors, F.  Opper,  is  pleasantly  exemplified  in  the 
thirty  odd  drawings,  each  with  its  accompanying 
scrap  of  verse,  contained  in  the  flat  folio  volume 
entitled  "The  Folks  in  Funnyville "  (Russell). 
Mr.  Opper's  pictures  are  always  irresistible,  and 
while  his  humor  is  broad,  it  is  never  vulgar  —  a 
decided  merit  in  a  day  when  there  is  no  little  tempt- 
ation from  press  and  public  to  eschew  it. 

The  publishers  of  "  Life  "  have  issued,  under  the 
title,  "Fore!  Life's  Book  for  Golfers,"  a  flat 


quarto  volume  wherein  are  set  forth  pictorially  the 
ways  and  humors  of  the  votaries  of  the  fashionable 
game.  The  pictures  are  cleverly  drawn,  and  the 
book  seems  a  capital  one  to  while  away  spare 
moments  at  the  country  club. 

Lovers  of  choice  book-making  will  be  strongly 
tempted  by  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.'s  artistic  yet 
venturesome  edition  of  Sterne's  "  Sentimental  Jour- 
ney." The  volume  is  rather  freely  rubricated,  and 
its  color  element  is  accentuated  by  the  boldly  ex- 
ecuted frontispiece  in  black,  dark-green,  and  red,. 
showing  the  immortal  traveller  about  to  hand  the 
lady  into  the  Desobligeant. 

Two  trim  little  volumes  entitled  "American  Wit 
and  Humor  "  (Jacobs)  are  devoted,  as  the  reader 
may  surmise,  to  funny  sayings  culled  from  the 
columns  of  the  comic  papers,  and  from  the  "  comic 
columns  "  of  papers  not  wholly  comic.  The  con- 
tents of  the  volumes  are  conveniently  arranged, 
and  those  who  relish  newspaper  fun  may  find  the 
cream  of  it  skimmed  deftly  into  these  two  little 
books,  each  of  which  contains  a  frontispiece  por- 
trait —  Dr.  Holmes  and  Mark  Twain,  respectively, 
—  though  how  Dr.  Holmes  got  into  such  company 
we  are  at  a  loss  to  conjecture. 

We  have  not  heretofore,  so  far  as  we  remember,, 
been  called  upon  to  notice  a  set  of  illustrative  draw- 
ings by  Florence  Goldsmith  Chandler,  whose  name 
as  an  illustrator  is  new  to  us  ;  but  we  take  pleasure 
now  in  commending  the  fine  poetic  feeling  and 
graceful  sentiment  apparent  in  her  fifteen  full-page 
designs  which  embellish  the  chastely  ornate  volume 
of  devotional  poems,  entitled  "  Psalms  of  Soul,"  by 
William  Bradford  Dickson,  published  by  the  Tri- 
bune Co.,  of  South  Bend,  Indiana.  Mr.  Diekson's 
verses  are  warmed  throughout  with  real  religious 
fervor,  and  their  formal  quality  is  respectable.  The 
publishers  have  shown  good  taste  in  the  make-up 
of  the  volume. 

Very  dainty  and  fraught  with  mementos  of  sun- 
nier days  are  the  twin  anthologies  of  poems  about 
flowers  and  poems  about  birds,  respectively  entitled 
"  Among  the  Flowers "  and  "  Among  the  Birds" 
(Estes),  each  volume  brightened  with  its  series  of 
gayly-colored  plates.  The  selections  in  each  book 
are  made  with  taste,  and  mostly  from  the  standard 
poets.  The  volumes  are  portable  and  pocketable  ; 
and  either  would  form  a  pleasant  companion  for  a 
ramble  in  places  where,  it  is  good  to  know,  birds 
and  flowers  will  again  abound. 

Goldsmith's  "She  Stoops  to  Conquer,"  impec- 
cably printed,  and  liberally  strewn  with  drawings 
by  E.  A.  Abbey,  is  wine  of  the  sort  that  needs  no 
bush.  The  book  was  a  favorite  several  seasons  ago, 
and  now  makes  its  reappearance  in  a  new  binding 
of  unique  design.  (Harper.) 

Mr.  Edwin  Markham's  harrowing  production 
(no  pun  intended),  "The  Man  with  the  Hoe,"  is 
now  included  in  the  dainty  "  Lark  Editions " 
(Doxey's)  of  popular  modern  verse,  so  that  the 
American  farmer  who  likes  a  portrayal  of  himself 
as  a  "  monstrous  thing  distorted  and  soul- quenched  " 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


505 


may  have  it  in  a  pretty  and  pocketable  volume  at 
a  moderate  price.  The  artistic  decorations  in  car- 
mine and  black,  by  Mr.  Porter  Garnett,  help  to 
make  an  attractive  page,  and  there  is  a  well- 
executed  frontispiece  after  Millet. 

"  Beautiful  Thoughts  from  Robert  and  Eliza- 
beth Browning  "  (Pott)  is  a  pretty  volume  of  selec- 
tions from  the  writings  of  these  poets,  a  pageful 
for  each  day  in  the  year.  The  book  is  ornately 
bound  in  sage-green  and  gold,  with  vignette  of  Mr. 
Browning;  and  the  editor,  Miss  Margaret  Shipp, 
has  done  her  work  with  taste  and  discernment. 

Dr.  Maltbie  D.  Babcock,  whose  calendar  last 
year  attracted  attention  through  its  pious  and  sen- 
tentious aspirations  for  each  day  of  the  year,  has 
issued  "  Dr.  Babcock's  Calendar  for  1901 "  (John 
S.  Bridges  &  Co.),  making  not  only  the  necessary 
changes  for  another  year,  but  adding  numerous 
significant  thoughts  aptly  expressed,  at  the  same 
time  rewriting  many  of  the  older  ones. 

Mr.  Curtin's  good  version  of  Sienkiewicz's  fine 
prose  poem  "  The  Judgment  of  Peter  and  Paul  on 
Olympus  "  is  brought  out  by  Messrs.  Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.  in  an  attractive  booklet  delicately  bound  in 
white,  with  illustrations.  A  pleasing  page  has  been 
made  by  printing  the  text  in  violet,  with  a  marginal 
frame  in  light-green. 


BOOKS  FOB   THE  YOUNG. 
IL 


Fighting 
on  land 
and  tea. 


The  Vulgate  would  have  us  read  that  the 
salutation  of  the  heavenly  choir  is  not  for 
all  mankind,  but  is  to  he  translated, "  Peace 
on  earth  to  men  of  good  will  ! "  What,  then,  of  the 
books  of  war  and  rumors  of  war  which  continue  to  hold 
the  first  place  (if  numbers  are  a  proof)  in  the  reading 
provided  for  the  young  at  this  time  ?  History,  it  is 
true,  is  as  bloody  as  a  butcher's  shambles;  but  need  it 
remain  so  ?  The  first  book  of  the  group  before  us,  in 
point  of  time,  is  by  Mr.  Edward  Robins,  a  plentifully 
illustrated  account  of  a  most  disastrous  rout,  entitled 
"With  Washington  in  Braddock's  Campaign  "  (Jacobs). 
It  gives  an  excellent  impression  of  Washington  in  the 
first  flush  of  his  manhood,  and  introduces  that  General 
Gage  whom  he  was  to  shut  up  in  Boston  not  very  many 
years  later.  Yet  Washington  was  greatest  because  of 
his  hold  on  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen,  and  he  was 
first  in  peace  as  well  as  first  in  war.  This  latter  phase 
of  his  character  is  obscured  in  such  a  work,  interesting 
as  it  is  in  other  respects.  —  Mr.  Hezekiah  Butterworth 
rescues  the  incident  of  the  Knight  of  the  Golden  Horse- 
shoe from  ill-deserved  oblivion  by  preparing  "  In  the 
Days  of  Jefferson;  or,  The  Six  Golden  Horseshoes,  a 
Tale  of  Republican  Simplicity  "  (Appleton),  a  story  of 
continental  expansion  and  of  Jefferson's  youth  and 
manhood,  the  more  striking  because  it  is  a  book  with 
little  or  no  bloodshed.  Mr.  Frank  T.  Merrill  provides 
the  drawings  for  the  volume,  which  is  one  to  be  read 
and  pondered  over,  even  though  the  Jeffersonian  enthu- 
siast may  fancy  he  detects  a  note  of  something  less  than 
complete  approbation  for  the  hero  in  the  hero's  present 
biographer.  —  Aggression  to-day  must  certainly  revive 
tales  of  aggression  yesterday,  so  the  announcement  of 


a  series  of  three  books  concerning  the  Mexican  War,, 
from  the  busy  pen  of  Captain  Ralph  Bonehill,  is  not  to- 
be  wondered  at,  though  Americans  generally  have  leffc 
that  unfortunate  conflict  to  deserved  silence.  But  the 
first  of  the  three  books,  "  For  the  Liberty  of  Texas  " 
(Estes),  dealing  as  it  does  with  San  Antonio  and  the 
Alamo  and  ending  with  the  battle  of  San  Jacinto,  does 
not  bring  forward  the  facts  which  led  Abraham  Lincoln 
to  his  cordial  detestation  of  President  Polk.  —  "  Trav- 
ellers' Tales  of  South  Africa  "  (Estes)  is  also  by  Mr. 
Hezekiah  Butterworth,  with  illustrations  drawn  from 
numerous  sources,  a  book  which  hardly  does  itself  jus- 
tice with  such  a  title.  It  contains  some  account  of  events 
in  South  Africa  leading  up  to  the  present  war,  but  its 
concern  is  even  more  with  hunters  and  missionaries. 
Nor  is  the  field  limited  to  South  Africa  alone,  the  cen- 
tral portion  of  the  continent  coming  in  for  a  word  of 

comment Mr.  Edward  Stratemeyer  has  a  method 

the  reverse  of  literary,  but  it  enables  him  to  bring  out 
the  sort  of  books  that  boys  appear  to  like,  or  there 
could  not  be  so  many  of  them.  "  On  to  Pekin;  or,  Old 
Glory  in  China  "  (Lee  &  Shepard)  is  the  latest  of  these, 
and  those  who  are  quite  sure  that  American  civilization 
has  suffered  nothing  from  its  contact  with  the  inhab- 
itants of  China  in  recent  months  will  find  much  to  enjoy 
in  the  book.  The  hero  has  been  met  in  others  of  the 
author's  stories  of  battle,  and  there  is  much  second- 
hand information  about  the  scene  of  the  war  which  is 
not  a  war.  —  Historical  frankness  characterizes  the 
Very  Reverend  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady's  "Reuben 
James,  a  Hero  of  the  Forecastle  "  (Appleton)  to  a 
remarkable  extent.  James  is  one  of  the  most  pictur- 
esque figures  in  American  naval  history,  and  his  utter 
self-devotion  in  saving  the  life  of  the  younger  Decatur 
has  been  a  favorite  topic  with  American  poets  and 
prose  writers  alike.  When  Mr.  James  Jeffrey  Roche 
composed  his  thrilling  lines,  he  killed  the  sailor  out  of 
hand :  a  full-fledged  hero  who  insists  upon  living 
many  years,  most  of  them  in  liquor,  is  more  or  less 
discouraging  to  poetry.  But  Mr.  Brady  tells  the  story 
of  the  brave  man's  life,  and  adds  in  an  appendix  nearly 
all  that  is  said  of  him  by  others,  concealing  nothing. 

Last  year  Mr.  Ralph  Barbour  wrote  one 

and^entwe     °f  the  best  b°oks  °f  the  8ea8on»  and  he  ha8 
repeated  his  performance  this  season  with 

"  For  the  Honor  of  the  School,  a  Story  of  School  Life 
and  Interscholastic  Sport"  (Appleton).  Hill  ton,  the 
institution  of  learning  which  was  the  scene  of  "The 
Half-Back,"  appears  again  in  this  second  volume,  and 
brings  forth  the  regret  that  some  real  school  had  not 
been  selected  and  named,  after  the  fashion  of  "  Tom 
Brown's  School  Days."  Mr.  Harbour's  books  are  whole- 
some from  cover  to  cover,  interesting  enough  to  hold 
the  attention  of  any  man  who  has  not  let  his  wits  get 
"  square-toed  "  also,  in  Thackeray's  phrase,  and  without 
a  bit  of  that  forced  romance  which  too  many  writers 
inject  into  boys'  stories.  Mr.  C.  M.  Relyea's  pictures- 
add  to  the  reality  of  the  incidents  they  represent It 

is  not  necessary  to  have  a  mean  boy  in  a  book,  and  Mr. 
Eustace  Williams  is  right  in  making  his  protagonist  sin 
in  haste  and  repent  at  leisure  in  "  The  Substitute 
Quarter-Back  "  (Estes).  The  boy  with  whom  the  nar- 
rative is  chiefly  concerned,  though  he  is  not  the  hero  in 
the  usual  sense  of  the  word,  betrays  the  signals  of  the 
school  football  team  to  its  rival  in  revenge  for  having 
been  taken  off  the  first  eleven  and  made  a  substitute 
just  before  the  match.  It  is  a  delicate  situation,  but  is 
well  handled.  Mr.  L.  J.  Bridgman  makes  the  pictures. 


506 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


—  Mr.  George  Alfred  Henty  leaves  English  boys  for  a 
time,  and  deals  with  a  young  American  and  a  young 
Mexican  in  his  latest  volume,  "In  the  Hands  of  the 
Cave-Dwellers  "  (Harper).  The  title  gives  it  a  certain 
prehistoric  sound,  but  the  date  goes  back  no  further  than 
1832,  and  the  cave-dwellers  are  kindred  to  the  Apaches 
of  our  southwestern  frontier.  The  story  is  full  of  blood 
and  adventure,  with  a  bit  of  romance  thrown  in  for  good 
measure.  —  Teaching  the  youthful  idea  how  to  shoot 
with  a  fowling-piece  is  the  animating  motive  of  "  The 
Boy  Duck -Hunters"  (Estes),  and  the  author,  Mr. 
Frank  E.  Kellogg,  has  given  his  book  real  value  by 
filling  its  pages  full  of  useful  information  about  the  ap- 
pearance and  habits  of  American  game  birds.  Mr. 
J.  W.  Kennedy  designs  some  of  the  pictures,  but  most 
of  them  are  reproduced  from  Audubon's  famous  plates, 
making  the  work  a  treasure  to  the  boy  who  inclines  to- 
ward being  a  naturalist,  as  healthy  boys  generally  do. — 
"  The  Fortune  Hunters  of  the  Philippines  "  (Mershon 
Co.)  sounds  as  if  Senator  Beveridge  had  invented  the 
.title,  but  it  is  really  much  simpler  than  that.  The  au- 
thor, Mr.  Louis  Charles,  wished  a  scene  for  the  discovery 
of  some  buried  Spanish  treasure,  and  our  new  islands 
promised  rather  better  than  any  others,  so  he  sent  his 
three  American  boys  to  Manila  and  its  neighborhood. 
There  is  action  enough  in  the  book  for  twenty,  and  the 
reader  draws  a  long  breath  when  the  wealth  is  safe  in 

American  hands "  Bully,  Fag  and  Hero  "  (Page),  is 

the  tale  of  an  English  public  school.  It  abounds  with 
scenes  strange  to  American  understandings,  one  of  the 
principal  personages  of  the  story  being  the  "  Black 
Cadger,"  head  game-keeper  to  a  nobleman  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  school.  The  illustrations,  by  Mr.  S.  H. 
Vedder,  are  quite  as  realistic  as  the  narrative,  which 
is  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Charles  J.  Mansford.  —  Second 
of  the  "  Woodranger  Tales  "  (Page),  by  Mr.  G.  Waldo 
Browne,  is  "  The  Young  Gunbearer."  It  deals  with 
the  condition  of  the  Acadians  whom  Longfellow  cel- 
ebrated in  "  Evangeline,"  as  they  were  flourishing  at 
the  time  of  King  George's  War.  The  pictures,  as  in 
the  earlier  number  of  the  series,  are  by  Mr.  Louis 
Meynell. 

Foremost  among  stories  for  girls  we  wel- 
NewbMkt  Come  Miss  Laura  E.  Richards's  new  vol- 
ume "  Rita  "  (Estes),  because  it  tells  the 
story  of  a  small  Cuban  patriot,  daughter  of  a  Spanish 
mother  and  American  father,  who  is  first  and  last  for 
"Cuba  libre!"  "Dear  is  my  country,"  said  Francis 
Lieber,  "  but  liberty  is  dearer."  The  sentiment  is  not 
a  usual  one  in  books  intended  for  those  who  are  to  rock 
the  cradle  and  rule  the  world  in  a  few  brief  years.  — 
"  For  Tomniv,  and  Other  Stories  "  (Estes)  is  also  by 
Miss  Laura  E.  Richards,  and  is  for  somewhat  smaller 
girls.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  Christmas  particularly, 
but  it  has  "  Moses "  and  «'  Billy  "  and  various  other 
alluring  young  gentlemen  scattered  through  the  narra- 
tives in  a  convincing  way.  —  Mrs.  L.  T.  Meade's  excel- 
lently contrived  stories  are  augmented  by  "  A  Plucky 
Girl "  (Jacobs),  an  interesting  account  of  the  life  of  a 
young  English  gentlewoman  who  induces  her  mother  to 
take  "  paying  guests  "  after  their  fortune  has  given 
itself  wings,  to  the  advantage  of  all  concerned  in  point 
of  character-building,  if  not  of  comfort  and  ease.  There 
is  a  hero,  too,  who  makes  his  proper  bow  at  the  fall  of 
the  curtain,  in  the  approved  manner.  —  Mrs.  Moles- 
worth's  "  Three  Witches  "  (Lippincott)  are  three  young 
girls,  who  abundantly  deserve  the  appellation.  Mr. 
Lewis  Baumer  provides  the  excellent  illustrations.  Mrs. 


Molesworth's  books  require  no  praise  from  us  at  this 
time.  They  deserve  the  uniformly  high  reputation 
given  them,  being  simple,  unaffected,  and  interesting. — 
"  Chums"  (Estes)  comes  as  a  surprise,  being  from  the 
hand  of  the  late  Maria  Louise  Pool.  It  is  a  school  story 
to  begin  with,  and  a  story  of  country  life  to  end  with, 
being  unconventional  and  sprightly  throughout.  Mr. 
L.  J.  Bridgman  furnishes  the  wash  drawings  which 
emphasize  the  text.  —  Mrs.  Josephine  Dodge  Daskam 
writes  a  helpful  and  pleasant  book  of  tales,  calling  it 
"  Sister's  Vocation,  and  Other  Girls'  Stories "  (Scrib- 
ner).  The  interests  in  its  pages  are  varied,  as  such 
titles  as  «  A  College  Girl "  and  "  A  Taste  of  Bohemia  " 

indicate "  The  Girls  of  Bonnie  Castle  "  (Jacobs)  is 

a  summer  and  winter  book  by  Miss  Izola  L.  Forrester, 
with  pictures  by  Miss  Anna  Weatherbey  Parry.  Chi- 
cago and  the  West  make  their  appearance  here,  as  well 
as  the  East  of  America "Esther  in  Maine"  (Jen- 
nings &  Pye)  tells  of  some  half-grown  children  who 
have  a  good  time  under  certain  slight  disadvantages 
and  contrive  to  keep  their  elders  employed  at  the  same 
time.  The  book  is  simple  and  wholesome.  —  Miss 
Amy  E.  Blanchard  contributes  to  the  more  sedate  joys 
of  the  holiday  season  with  "  Dimple  Dallas  "  (Jacobs), 
an  account  of  a  mild-mannered  little  girl  with  a  passion 
for  being  good.  Miss  Ida  Waugh  has  made  the  draw- 
ings for  the  book,  which  resembles  its  numerous  pre- 
decessors from  the  same  hand.  —  Kentucky,  that  land 
of  lovely  women  and  consequential  men,  is  the  special 
discovery  of  Mrs.  Annie  Fellows-Johnson,  who  uses  it 
to  good  advantage  in  "The  Little  Colonel's  House 
Party  "  (Page),  illustrated  by  Mr.  Louis  Meynell.  The 
"little  colonel"  is  both  a  colonelet  and  a  coloneless, 
and  a  bright  little  American  girl  in  the  bargain.  Bears, 
soft  Southern  accents,  darkies,  and  local  color  make 
the  book  both  unusual  and  attractive.  —  From  the  same 
hand,  but  with  pictures  by  Miss  Etheldred  B.  Barry, 
comes  "  The  Story  of  Dago  "  (Page),  "  Dago  "  being  a 
little  monkey,  fascinating  to  read  about,  as  these  small 
cousins  of  ours  always  are.  Mrs.  Fellows-Johnson 
carries  him  through  some  most  laughable  adventures, 
in  one  of  which  he  stops  an  express  train  by  swinging 
on  the  bell  rope. — With  well-worn  plots,  the  two  stories 
which  make  up  "  Old  Lady  and  Young  Laddie  "  (James 
H.  West  Co.)  have  undoubted  pertinence  at  this  time, 
and  inculcate  the  best  of  morals.  They  are  by  Mrs. 
Kate  Whiting  Patch,  with  pictures  by  Miss  Bertha  G. 

Davidson Those  who  recall  "  The  Prince  of  the  Pin 

Elves,"  by  Mr.  Charles  Lee  Sleight,  will  be  glad  to  read 
a  continuation  of  the  story  from  the  same  hand,  with 
numerous  illustrations  by  Miss  Alice  S.  Butler.  The 
same  Harry  who  was  so  honored  in  the  Pin  Country 
now  goes  visiting  among  "  The  Water  People  "  (Page), 
this  time  with  his  little  sister  Helen,  and  wonderful 

things  happen  in  consequence "  For  his  Country  " 

(Page)  is  the  pathetic  little  story  of  a  small  boy  in 
France  who  is  more  than  ordinarily  homesick  for  the 
United  States.  Mr.  Marshall  Saunders  includes  an- 
other short  story,  "Grandmother  and  the  Crow,"  in 
the  same  volume,  pictures  for  both  being  provided  by 
Mr.  Louis  Meynell. 

Picture*  and  The  connecting  of  the  spheres  of  little  girl- 
storiesfor  hood  with  babyhood  is  accomplished  in  a 
little  readen.  delightful  work  by  the  author  of  "  Eliza- 
beth and  her  German  Garden,"  —  whomsoever,  noble 
or  royal,  the  author  may  chance  to  be.  It  is  en- 
titled "The  April  Baby's  Book  of  Tunes,  with  the 
Story  of  How  They  Came  to  be  Written"  (Macmillan), 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


507 


and  the  colored  pictures  by  Miss  Kate  Greenaway  show 
three  girls  of  assorted  sizes,  two  with  light  hair  and  one 
with  dark  hair.  Mother  Goose,  perennial  well-spring 
of  wholesome  mirth,  is  the  foundation  for  the  book, 
which  is  worth  anyone's  while  to  read.  Tunes  are  pro- 
vided, music  and  all,  and  if  our  children  cannot  all  be 
Miss  Greenaway's  kind  of  children,  they  can  all  read 

what  they  said  and  did  and  sang An  ingenious  and 

profitable  work  is  labelled,  somewhat  extensively,  "  The 
Home  of  Santa  Glaus,  a  Story  of  Leslie  Gordon's 
Visit  to  Father  Christmas,  and  of  the  Strange  Sights 
he  Beheld  in  the  Town  of  Toys  "  (Cassell).  It  is  an 
original  book,  especially  in  respect  of  its  illustrations, 
which  are  reproduced  from  Mr.  Arthur  Ulyett's  photo- 
graphs. Mr.  George  A.  Best  tells  the  story  of  the  dolls 
and  other  toys  which  make  up  the  subordinate  charac- 
ters of  the  narrative,  and  their  likenesses  are  used  in  a 
novel  manner  for  the  pictures.  —  As  a  welcome  sequel 
to  the  favorite  "  Arabella  and  Araminta  "  stories,  Miss 
Gertrude  Smith  .has  provided  "  The  Roggie  and  Reggie 
Stories  "  (Harper),  and  the  successful  pictures  of  the 
previous  work  are  made  new  for  this  by  Mr.  E.  Mars 
and  Miss  M.  H.  Squire,  all  in  color.  Arabella  and 
Araminta  appear  in  the  narrative,  but  not  in  the  illus- 
trations, and  the  ensemble  is  admirable — "  The  Jungle 
School ;  or,  Dr.  Jibber-jabber  Burchall's  Academy  " 
(Cassell)  is  by  Mr.  S.  H.  Hamer,  the  drawings  by  Mr. 
Harry  B.  Neilson,  two  ingenious  and  witty  gentlemen 
who  will  be  recalled  as  the  inventors  of  "  Micky  Magee's 
Menagerie"  a  year  or  two  ago.  The  eminent  pedagogue 
at  the  head  of  this  institute  of  learning  looks  mightily 
like  a  dog,  and  his  pupils  for  all  the  world  like  monkeys, 
tigers,  and  their  cousins  and  aunts,  though  the  life  is 
that  of  the  conventional  English  boarding-school,  con- 
siderably jollified. — Miss  Margaret  Johnson  both  writes 
and  illustrates  «  What  Did  the  Black  Cat  Do?  Guess!  " 
(Estes),  the  hand  lettering  being  in  her  well-known 
manner,  with  pictures  of  things  introduced  instead  of 
the  names  of  them.  It  may  be  added  that  the  Black 
Cat  does  almost  everything,  from  losing  a  pair  of  spec- 
tacles to  putting  his  feet  in  the  ink — Mr.  S.  H.  Hamer 
writes  the  text  of  "  Animal  Land  for  Little  People  " 
(Cassell),  the  numerous  pictures  being  half-tone  repro- 
ductions of  beasts  in  the  London  Zoological  Gardens, 
which  give  the  work  an  air  of  undoubted  authenticity. 
—  A  miscellany  of  pictures,  rhymes,  and  prose  is  to  be 
found  in  "  Bo- Peep,  a  Treasury  for  the  Little  Ones  " 
(Cassell).  Some  of  the  drawings  are  as  funny  as  they 
can  be,  one  concerning  a  boy,  a  cow,  and  a  camera  be- 
ing especially  noteworthy.  —  But  the  greatest  of  all  the 
collections  for  small  boys  and  girls  will  be  found  again 
in  "  The  Little  Folks'  Illustrated  Annual "  (Estes),  for 
which  the  cleverest  productions  of  many  pens  and  pen- 
cils have  been  selected,  with  great  good  taste  and  entire 
good  nature E.  Nesbit  has  written  a  most  delight- 
ful addition  to  unnatural  history,  a  sumptuous  book 
illustrated  by  Mr.  H.  R.  Millar,  with  a  number  of 
decorated  pages  by  Mr.  H.  Granville  Fell.  The  re- 
sult is  given  the  name  of  "The  Book  of  Dragons" 
(Harper),  and  contains  eight  chapters,  each  dealing 
with  certain  interesting  episodes  in  the  life-history  of 
one  particular  dragon.  Some  of  these  beasts  are  wild 
and  some  quite  domestic  in  their  personal  habits,  de- 
pending to  a  marked  degree  on  the  sort  of  example  set 
them  by  the  numerous  small  girls  of  the  stories,  who 
are,  or  ought  to  be,  their  betters.  —  It  is  an  undiluted 
pleasure  to  announce  a  re- issue  of  Mr.  Walter  Crane's 
large  series  of  picture  books  issued  by  Mr.  John  Lane, 


the  color  printing  and  engraving  by  Mr.  Edmund 
Evans.  "  The  Frog  Prince,"  "  The  Hind  in  the  Wood," 
and  "  Beauty  and  the  Beast "  are  at  hand,  with  all 
their  wealth  of  color  and  detail.  Apart  from  the  his- 
toric value  of  the  text  the  pictures  are  sufficiently  dec- 
orative to  be  used  on  the  nursery  walls  by  lovers  of 
life  and  beauty. 

Favorite  There  remain  for  mention  a  few  good  old 

author*  in  books  made  new  by  the  ingenuity  of  wri- 
newform.  i^rs,  artists,  or  publishers,  giving  a  new 
lease  of  life  to  favorites  which  have  long  proved 
themselves  superior  to  the  sharpest  tooth  of  time.  Not 
the  least  ingenious  of  these  is  a  clever  adaptation  of 
JEsop  by  Mr.  James  J.  Mora,  which  he  calls  "The 
Animals  of  ^Esop  "  (Estes).  Mr.  Mora  is  best  known 
as  an  artist,  and  his  innumerable  sketches,  scattered 
through  the  text  and  margins,  do  nothing  to  belie  his 
excellent  reputation  in  that  regard.  But  in  addition  to 
all  this,  he  has  modified  and  modernized  the  ancient 
fables  in  quite  the  spirit  of  the  original,  leaving  a  book 
which  will  amuse  at  the  same  time  that  it  impresses 
the  good  old  lessons  of  the  lapsing  ages.  —  Judge 
Edward  Abbott  Parry  has  returned  to  an  earlier  man- 
ner in  his  rendering  of  "  Don  Quixote  of  the  Mancha  " 
(John  Lane),  leaving  the  broader  humor  of  his  "  Butter- 
scotia"  for  an  adaptation  of  John  Shelton's  famous 
translation.  Mr.  Walter  Crane  makes  the  drawings 
for  the  sumptuous  work,  which,  though  it  contains 
hardly  a  tithe  of  Cervantes's  history,  is  excellently 
done,  once  the  audacity  of  it  has  been  condoned.  —  Of 
less  daring,  perhaps  because  the  text  is  in  a  more 
archaic  English,  is  Miss  Mary  Macleod's  "  Book  of 
King  Arthur  and  His  Noble  Knights  "  (E.  &  J.  B. 
Young  &  Co.),  with  a  careful  introduction  by  Mr. 
John  W.  Hales,  and  numerous  illustrations  by  the 
sculptor,  Mr.  A.  G.  Walker.  The  stories  are  taken 
bodily  from  Sir  Thomas  Malory,  and  the  introduction 
rejoices  in  a  biographical  account  of  that  gentle  knight, 
made  possible  by  Professor  Kittredge's  recent  investi- 
gations and  discoveries.  The  book  is  a  joy  to  those 
who  have  the  love  of  the  Round  Table  in  their  hearts, 
and  will  answer  for  large  children  as  well  as  small.  — 
"  Fairy  Tales  from  the  Arabian  Nights  "  (Macmillan) 
contains  most  of  the  prime  favorites  of  that  glowing 
work,  including  accounts  of  such  important  function- 
aries as  AH  Baba,  Aladdin,  Prince  Camaralzaman,  the 
King  of  Persia,  and  the  Princess  of  the  Sea.  Twelve 
pictures  by  Mr.  T.  H.  Robinson,  the  frontispiece  in 
color,  make  the  little  book  a  delight.  —  With  Mr. 
George  Ludington  Weed's  "  Life  of  St.  John  for  the 
Young  "  (Jacobs),  a  companion  to  last  year's  life  of 
St.  Paul,  both  of  them  pious  and  carefully-executed 
works,  the  reviewer  of  children's  books  wishes  his 
readers  a  very  merry  new  century. 


MR.  A.  B.  HINDS  has  undertaken  a  new  translation 
of  Vasari's  "Lives  of  the  Painters,  Sculptors,  and 
Architects  "  for  the  "  Temple  Classics  "  (Macmillan). 
The  edition  will  comprise  eight  volumes,  three  of 
which  are  now  ready.  Other  recent  issues  in  the  same 
series  include  the  second  and  third  volumes  of  Macau- 
lay's  Essays  ;  the  second  volume  of  Mr.  F.  S.  Ellis's 
interesting  adaptation  of  "  The  Romance  of  the  Rose"; 
the  sixth  volume  in  Caxton's  version  of  "  The  Golden 
Legend";  and  a  one- volume  edition  of  Mrs.  Gaskell's 
"Cranford,"  with  a  frontispiece  portrait  of  the  author 
which  is  as  charming  as  the  story  itself. 


508 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


NOTES. 


The  Macmillan  Co.  have  published  Irving's  "Sketch 
Book "  in  their  school  series  of  "  Pocket  English 
Classics." 

Mr.  H.  W.  Mabie's  "  Norse  Stories  Retold  from  the 
Eddas,"  now  nearly  twenty  years  old,  is  published  in  a 
second  edition  by  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

"  Inductive  Lessons  in  Rhetoric,"  by  Miss  Frances 
W.  Lewis,  accompanied  by  a  "  teacher's  manual "  in 
pamphlet  form,  is  a  recent  publication  of  Messrs.  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Co. 

A  new  and  cheaper  edition  of  Mr.  Howard  Crosby 
Butler's  interesting  work  on  "  Scotland's  Ruined  Ab- 
beys," first'  issued  last  year,  has  been  published  by  the 
Macmillan  Co. 

Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.  publish  "  One  Thousand  Prob- 
lems in  Physics,"  by  Messrs.  William  H.  Snyder  and 
Irving  O.  Palmer.  As  a  labor-saving  manual  for 
teachers,  this  little  book  is  of  distinct  value. 

The  exclusive  rights  for  the  publication  of  the 
French  text  of  M.  Rostand's  "L'Aiglon"  in  the 
United  States  have  been  secured  by  Messrs.  Bren- 
tano's,  who  will  issue  the  work  immediately. 

Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  announce  for  immedi- 
ate publication  a  book  by  the  Rev.  Stopford  A.  Brooke, 
entitled  "  Religion  in  Literature  and  Religion  in  Life." 
The  same  firm  will  also  issue  at  once  a  new  book  of 
verses  by  Sir  Lewis  Morris. 

"  Studies  of  Plant  Life,"  published  by  Messrs.  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Co.,  is  a  manual  of  elementary  exercises  for 
classes  in  botany,  the  joint  work  of  three  experienced 
teachers,  Messrs.  Herman  S.  Pepoon,  Walter  R. 
Mitchell,  and  Fred  B.  Maxwell. 

Macaulay's  essays  on  Addison  and  Milton,  and 
Milton's  "  Minor  Poems,"  all  edited  by  Mr.  Arthur  P. 
Walker,  constitute  three  volumes  of  the  series  of 
«« English  Classics  "  published  by  Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath 
&  Co.,  and  now  issued  in  a  new  dress. 

A  new  translation  of  Flaubert's  "  Salammbo,"  made 
by  Madame  Zenaide  A.  Ragozin,  has  been  published 
by  Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  in  their  series  entitled 
"  Tales  of  the  Heroic  Ages."  The  volume  is  illustrated, 
historically  rather  than  imaginatively. 

"International  Law,"  by  Mr.  F.  E.  Smith,  is  a 
"  Temple  Primer  "  (Macmillan)  that  ought  to  be  found 
useful  by  a  great  many  readers  in  these  days  of  wars 
and  rumors  of  wars,  of  diplomatic  tension  and  the 
benevolent  assimilation  of  inferior  peoples. 

"  Botany:  An  Elementary  Text  for  Schools,"  by  Mr. 
L.  H.  Bailey,  is  the  latest  work  of  that  prolific  and 
authoritative  author,  and  is  published  by  the  Macmillan 
Co.  It  is  a  school  book  of  the  modern  methods,  and 
is  noticeable  for  the  beauty  of  its  many  illustrations. 

The  latest  additions  to  the  attractive  pictorial  sou- 
venirs of  popular  actors  and  actresses  of  the  day  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  R.  H.  Russell  are  devoted  to  Mr.  John 
Drew  as  "  Richard  Carvel,"  Miss  Annie  Russell  in  "  A 
Royal  Family,"  and  Miss  Maude  Adams  in  "  L'Aiglon." 
WTe  have  received  several  new  numbers  in  the  series 
of  "  Home  and  School  Classics  "  published  by  Messrs. 
D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  Notable  among  these  pamphlet 
texts  are  the  abridged  Shakespearian  plays  edited  by 
Mrs.  Sarah  Willard  Hiestand.  Large  type  and  simple 
illustrations  make  these  texts  very  attractive.  "  Gul- 
liver's Travels,"  edited  by  Mr.  Thomas  M.  Balliet, 


make  up  two  other  numbers  of  the  series,  and  two 
others  still  are  Raskin's  "  King  of  the  Golden  River," 
edited  by  Professor  M.  V.  O'Shea,  and  Lamb's  "  Ad- 
ventures of  Ulysses,"  edited  by  Professor  W.  P.  Trent. 

The  Messrs.  Putnam  are  the  publishers  of  a  "  Knick- 
erbocker Literature  Series,"  intended  for  school  use  as 
supplementary  reading  matter,  and  the  initial  volume 
is  an  abridgement  of  Mr.  Theodore  Roosevelt's  "  Win- 
ning of  the  West,"  the  editing  done  by  Mr.  Frank 
Lincoln  Olmsted. 

Having  undertaken  to  prepare  the  papers  of  Chief 
Justice  Salmon  P.  Chase  for  publication  by  the  Histor- 
ical Manuscripts  Commission  of  the  American  His- 
torical Association,  Mr.  Herbert  Friedenwald  would 
be  glad  to  hear  from  all  persons  having  original  Chase 
papers  in  their  possession.  He  may  be  addressed  at 
1300  Locust  St.,  Philadelphia. 

An  interesting  reprint  of  an  unique  book  originally 
issued  in  the  early  part  of  the  century  will  shortly  be 
published  by  Messrs.  Truslove,  Hanson  &  Comba.  The 
work  is  from  the  pen  of  James  Puckle,  N.P.,  and  bears 
the  lengthy  title,  "  The  Club;  or,  A  Grey  Cap  for  a 
Green  Head:  Moral  Maxims,  Advice,  and  Cautions,  in 
a  Dialogue  betwe'en  a  Father  and  Son."  The  reprint 
will  contain  an  Introduction  by  Mr.  Austin  Dobson, 
and  will  be  illustrated  with  fifty  wood-cuts  from  de- 
signs by  Thurston. 

"  The  Day's  Work  Series  "  is  a  collection  of  small 
volumes  published  by  Messrs.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  Thir- 
teen volumes  have  just  been  sent  us,  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing may  be  named  as  typical  of  the  whole:  "The 
Strength  of  Being  Clean,"  by  President  D.  S.  Jordan; 
"  Why  Go  to  Church  ?  "  by  Dr.  Lyman  Abbott;  "Our 
Common  Christianity,"  by  Dean  Stanley;  and  "  The 
Wisdom  of  Washington,"  selected  by  James  Parton. 
The  other  volumes  range  all  the  way  from  Emerson  to 
Bok  in  their  authorship  and  their  weightiness. 

Christmas  week  will  witness  the  usual  gatherings  of 
the  scientific  societies,  and  the  chief  places  of  interest 
this  year  will  be  Detroit  and  Philadelphia.  The  Amer- 
ican Economic  Association  is  to  meet  in  the  former 
city,  while  the  latter  will  be  the  meeting-place  of  the 
Archfeological  Institute,  the  Philological  Association, 
the  JSlodern  Language  Association,  the  Oriental  Soci- 
ety, and  the  Folk  Lore  Society.  The  programmes 
prepared  for  these  meetings  are  of  great  interest,  and 
should  attract  a  large  attendance  in  both  cities. 

In  the  death  of  Professor  Burke  Aaron  Hinsdale,  of 
the  University  of  Michigan,  THE  DIAL,  has  lost  one  of 
its  most  valued  contributors,  and  American  historical 
scholarship  one  of  its  leading  representatives.  Pro- 
fessor Hinsdale  was  born  in  Ohio,  March  31,  1837, 
and  his  career  was  a  striking  illustration  of  the  way  in 
which  intellectual  force  can  make  itself  felt  when  de- 
prived of  the  ordinary  technical  training.  Although 
he  did  not  have  the  advantages  of  a  college  education, 
he  became  president  of  a  college  at  the  age  of  thirty- 
three,  and  occupied  this  post  from  1870  to  1882.  He 
left  Hiram  College  to  become  superintendent  of  the 
Cleveland  schools  from  1882  to  1886.  In  1888  he 
began  his  connection  with  the  University  of  Michigan, 
his  chair  being  that  of  pedagogy.  He  was  the  author 
of  "  The  Old  Northwest,"  "  The  American  Govern- 
ment," "  How  to  Study  and  Teach  History,"  "  Teach- 
ing the  Language  Arts,"  and  many  other  books  in  his 
chosen  fields  of  history  and  pedagogy.  He  died  on  the 
29th  of  November,  at  Atlanta,  Georgia. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


509 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  containing  238  titles,  includes  bookt 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  REMINISCENCES. 
Memoirs  and  Correspondence  of  Coventry  Patmore. 

By  Basil  Ghampneys.    In  2  vols.,  illus.  in  photogravure, 

etc.,  large  8vo,  uncut.    Macmillan  Co.    $10.50  net. 
Literary  Friends  and  Acquaintance :  A  Personal  Retro- 
spect of  American   Authorship.    By    W.    D.    Howells. 

Illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  288.    Harper  &  Brothers. 

$2.50. 
Eccentricities  of  Genius:  Memories  of  Famous  Men  and 

Women  of  the  Platform  and  Stage.     By  Major  J.   B. 

Pond.    With  portraits,  large  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  564.   Q.  W. 

Dillingham  Co.     $3.50. 
The  Baroness  de  Bode,  1775-1803.    By  William  S.  Childe- 

Pemberton.    Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  large  8vo,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  296.    Longmans,  Qreen,  &  Co.    $5. 
The  Life  of  Edward  Fitz-Gerald.    By  John  Glyde ;  with 

Introduction  by  Edward  Clodd.    With  portrait,  12mo, 

uncut,  pp.  359.    H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.    $2. 
Eiverside    Biographical    Series.     First  vols. :    Andrew 

Jackson,  by  William  Qarrott  Brown;  James  B.  Eads,  by 

Louis  How ;  Benjamin  Franklin,  by  Paul  Elmer  More. 

Each     with     photogravure     portrait,     ISmo,     gilt    top. 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.    Per  vol.,  75  cts. 
Thomas  Sydenham.     By   Joseph    Frank    Payne,    M.D. 

With  portrait,  12mo,  pp.  264.     "Masters  of  Medicine." 

Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.    $1.25. 
William  Herschel  and  his  Work.     By  James  Sime,  M.A. 

12mo,    pp.    265.      "World's    Epoch-Makers."      Charles 

Scribner's  Sons.     $1.25. 
Westminster  Biographies.     New  vols. :  Adam  Duncan, 

by  H.  W.  Wilson  ;  and  John  Wesley,  by  Frank  Banfield. 

Each  with  photogravure  portrait,  24mo,  gilt  top,  uncut. 

Small,  Maynard  &  Co.    Per  vol.,  75  cts. 
James  Fenimore  Cooper.    By  W.  B.  Shnbrick  Clymer. 

With  portrait,  24mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  149.     "  Beacon 

Biographies."    Small,  Maynard  &  Co.    75  cts. 

HISTORY. 

History  of  America  before  Columbus,  according  to  Docu- 
ments and  Approved  Authors.  By  P.  De  Roo.  In  2 
vols.,  with  maps,  large  8vo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co.  $6.  net. 

The  Successors  of  Drake.  By  Julian  S.  Corbett.  Illus. 
in  photogravure,  etc.,  large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  464.  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co.  $6. 

The  Forward  Policy,  and  Its  Results ;  or.  Thirty-Five 
Years'  Work  amongst  the  Tribes  on  our  North-western 
Frontier  of  India.  By  Richard  Isaac  Bruce,  C.I.E. 
Illus.,  large  8vd,  uncut,  pp.  382.  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 
$5. 

The  Story  of  the  Soldier.  By  Brevet  Brigadier-General 
George  A.  Forsy th,  U.S.A.  (Retired)  ;  illus.  by  R.  F. 
Zogbaum.  12mo,  pp.  389.  "Story  of  the  West." 
D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Ancient  Britain  in  the  Light  of  Modern  Archaeological  Dis- 
coveries. By  Alex.  Del  Mar.  8vo,  pp.  206.  New  York  : 
Cambridge  Encyclopedia  Co.  $2. 

The  Great  Boer  War.  By  A.  Conan  Doyle.  With  maps, 
12mo,  uncut,  pp.  478.  McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.  $1.50. 

•Constantinople:  The  Story  of  the  Old  Capital  of  the 
Empire.  By  William  Holden  Hutton ;  illus.  by  Sydney 
Cooper.  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  341.  "  Mediaeval 
Towns."  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Story  of  Florence.  By  Edmund  G.  Gardner;  illus.  by 
Nelly  Erichsen.  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncnt,  pp.  436.  "  Medi- 
eval Towns."  Macmillan  Co.  $1.75. 

Episodes  from  "The  Winning  of  the  West,"  1769-1807. 
By  Theodore  Roosevelt,  illus.,  12mo,  pp.242.  "Knicker- 
bocker Literature  Series."  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  90o.  net. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

A  Literary  History  of  America.    By  Barrett  Wendell. 

Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  574.    "  Library  of  Literary 

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Rambles  in  Colonial  Byways.  By  Ruf us  Rockwell  Wilson. 
In  2  vols.,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  16mo,  gilt  tops,  un- 
cut. J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $3. 

Paris.  By  Grant  Allen.  In  2  vols.,  illus.  in  photogravure, 
etc.,  16mo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  $3. 

The  Women  of  the  American  Revolution.  By  Elizabeth 
F.  Ellet;  with  Introduction  by  Anne  Hollingsworth 
Wharton.  In  2  vols.,  illus.,  12mo,  gilt  tops,  uncut. 
George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.  $4. 

Shakespeare  in  Art.  By  Sadakichi  Hartmann.  Illus.  in 
photogravure,  etc.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  371.  L.  C. 
Page  &  Co.  $2. 

Shakespeare  in  Music.  By  Louis  C.  Elson.  Illus.  in  pho- 
togravure, etc.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  354.  L.  C. 
Page  &  Co.  $2. 

Prima  Donnas  and  Soubrettes  of  Light  Opera  and  Mu- 
sical Comedy  in  America.  By  Lewis  C.  Strang.  Illus.  in 
photogravure,  etc.,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  270.  L.  C. 
Page  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Celebrated  Comedians  of  Light  Opera  and  Musical  Com- 
edy in  America.  By  Lewis  C.  Strang.  Illus.  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  293.  L.  C.  Page 
&  Co.  $1.50. 

Famous  Pianists  of  To-day  and  Yesterday.    By  Henry  C. 

Lahee.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.345.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    $1.50. 
Contemporary    American    Composers.      By    Rupert 

Hughes,  M.A.    Illus.  in  photogravure,   etc.,   Kinio,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  456.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    $1.50. 
Overheard  in  a  Garden,  et  Caetera.     Written  and  illus.  by 

Oliver  Herford.    12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  104.    Charles 

Scribner's  Sons.    $1.25. 
Among  the  Flowers:  Selections  from  the  Standard  Poets. 

Illus.  in  colors,  24mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  105.    Dana  Estes  &  Co. 

50  cts. 
Among  the  Birds:  Selections  from  the  Standard  Poets. 

Illus.  in  colors,  24mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  119.    Dana  Estes  &  Co. 

50  cts. 

American  Wit  and  Humor.  In  2  vols.,  each  with  photo- 
gravure portrait,  18mo.  George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.  Per 

vol.,  50  cts. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

The  Book  of  Dragons.  By  E.  Nesbit;  illus.  by  H.  R. 
Millar ;  decorations  by  H.  Granville  Fell.  12mo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  290.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $2. 

Don  Quixote  of  the  Mancha.  Retold  by  Judge  Parry ; 
illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  by  Walter  Crane.  Large  8vo,  uncut, 
pp.  245.  John  Lane.  $1.50. 

The  April  Baby's  Book  of  Tunes.  With  the  Story  of  How 
They  Came  to  be  Written.  By  the  author  of  "  Elizabeth 
and  her  German  Garden " ;  illus.  in  colors  by  Kate 
Greenaway.  Oblong  8vo,  pp.  76.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

Salammbo,  the  Maid  of  Carthage.  Re-told  from  the  French 
of  Gustave  Flaubert  by  Zenaifde  A.  Ragoziu.  Illus., 
12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  381.  "  Tales  of  the  Heroic  Age."  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  $1.50. 

In  the  Days  of  Jefferson  ;  or,  The  Six  Golden  Horse- 
shoes :  A  Tale  of  Republican  Simplicity.  By  Hezekiah 
Butterworth.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  284.  D.  Appleton  & 
Co.  $1.50. 

The  Book  of  King  Arthur  and  his  Noble  Kniphts. 
Selected  from  Malory's  "Morte  Darthur"  by  Mary 
Macleod ;  Introduction  by  John  W.  Hales ;  illus.  by 
A.  G.  Walker.  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  418.  E.  «fe  J.  B. 
Young  &  Co.  $1.50. 

For  the  Honor  of  the  School :  A  Story  of  School  Life  and 
Interscholastic  Sport.  By  Ralph  Henry  Barbonr.  Illus., 
12noo,  pp.  253.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $1.50. 

The  1'hree  Witches.  By  Mrs.  Molesworth.  Illus.,  12mo, 
pp.  278.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.50. 

Traveller  Tales  of  South  Africa  ;  or.  Stories  Which  Pic- 
ture Recent  History.  By  Hezekiah  Butterworth.  Illus., 
8vo,  pp.  328.  Dana  Estes  &  Co.  $1.50. 

On  to  Pekin  ;  or,  Old  Glory  in  China.  By  Edward  Strate- 
meyer.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  322.  Lee  ife  Shepard.  $1.25. 


512 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


The  Home  of  Santa  Glaus.  By  George  A.  Best;  illus. 
from  photographs  by  Arthur  Ullyett.  4to,  pp.  188.  Gas- 
sell  &  Co.  81.50. 

Bully,  Fag,  and  Hero;  or,  In  Playground  and  Schoolroom. 
By  Charles  J.  Mansford.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  278.    L.  C. 
Page  &  Co.    $1.50. 
A  Plucky  Girl.  By  Laura  T.  Meade.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  380. 

George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.    $1.25. 

With  Washington  in  Braddock's  Campaign.    By  Ed- 
ward Robins.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  253.    George  W.  Jacobs 
&  Co.    $1.25. 
The  Girls  of  Bonnie  Castle.   By  Izola  L.  Forrester.    Illus., 

12mo,  pp.  277.    George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.    $1.25. 
Eeuben  James :  A  Hero  of  the    Forecastle.     By  Cyrus 
Townsend  Brady.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  158.     D.  Appleton 
&  Co.    81. 

The  Young  Gunbearer:  A  Tale  of  the  Neutral  Ground, 
Acadia,  and  the  Siege  of  Louisburg.  By  G.  Waldo 
Browne.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  334.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  $1. 
Walter  Crane's  Picture  Books.  Comprising :  The  Hind 
in  the  Wood,  The  Frog  Prince,  and  Beauty  and  the 
Beast.  Each  illus.  in  colors,  4to.  John  Lane.  Each, 
paper,  25  cts.  net. 

For  Tommy,  and  Other  Stories.  By  Laura  E.  Richards. 
Illus.,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  225.  Dana  Estes  & 
Co.  81. 

Dimple  Dallas  :  The  Further  Fortunes  of  a  Sweet  Little 
Maid.    By  Amy  E.  Blanchard.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  194. 
George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.    $1. 
Bo-Peep  :   A  Treasury  for  the  Little  Ones.    Illus.  in  colors, 

etc.,  large  8vo,  pp.  184.    Cassell  &  Co.    $1. 
Chums.    By  Maria  Louise  Pool.    Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  241.  L.  C. 

Page  &  Co.   $1. 

The  Little  Colonel's  House  Party.    By  Annie  Fellows- 
Johnston.    Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  264.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.   81. 
Esther  in  Maine.    By  Flora  Longfellow  Turknett.    Illus., 

8vo,  pp.  173.    Jennings  &  Pye.    90  cts. 

The    Jungle    School  ;    or.    Dr.    Jibberjabber    Bnrchall's 
Academy.    By  S.  II.   Hamer;  illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  by 
Harry  B.  Neilson.    4to,  pp.  64.    Cassell  &  Co.    75c. 
Animal  Land  for  Little  People.    By  S.  H.  Hamer.    Illus. 

in  colors,  etc.,  4to,  pp.  74.    Cassell  &  Co.    75  cts. 
A  Life  of  St.  John  for  the  Young.    By  George  Ludington 
Weed.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  259.    George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co. 
75  cts. 
The  Booboo  Book.    By  Gertrude  Smith.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp. 

99.    Dana  Estes  &  Co.    75  cts. 

Mother  Goose  Cooked.  By  John  H.  Myrtle  and  Reginald 
Rigby.  Illus.  in  colors,  large  8vo,  pp.  52.  John  Lane. 
75  cts. 

Boston  Boys  of  1775 ;  or,  When  We  Besieged  Boston.    By 
James  Otis.    Illus.,  8vo,  pp.   112.    Dana  Estes  &  Co. 
75  cts. 
The  Water  People.    By  Charles  Lee  Sleight.  Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  153.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    50  cts. 

For  his  Country,  and  Grandmother  and  the  Crow.  By 
Marshall  Saunders.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  60.  L.  C.  Page  & 
Co.  50  cts. 

Fairy  Tales  from  the  Arabian  Nights.    Illus.  by  T.  H. 
Robinson.    24mo,   gilt    top,   uncut,  pp.  287.     "  Temple 
Classics  for  Young  People."    Macmillan  Co.    50  cts. 
The  Story  of  Dago.    By  Annie  Fellows  Johnston.    Illus., 

12mo,  pp.  103.     L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    50  cts. 
The  Bicycle  Highwayman.   A  Fanciful  Tale  of  Cycle- 
Land.    By  Frank  M.   Bicknell.    Illus.,  12mo,   pp.  97. 
Dana  Estes  &  Co.    50  cts. 
The  Littlest  One  of  the   Browns.     By  Sophie  Swett. 

lllns.,  18mo,  pp.  102.     Dana  Estes  &  Co.     50  cts. 
Snow- White;  or.  The  House  in  the  Wood.    By  Laura  E. 
Richards.    With  frontispiece,  12mo,  pp.  93.     Dana  Estes 
&  Co.    50  cts. 
Ted's  Little  Dear.    By  Harriet  A.  Cheever.    Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  103.    Dana  Estes  &  Co.    50  cts. 

Old  Lady  and  Young  Laddie  :  Two  Christmas  Stories. 
By  Kate  Whiting  Patch.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  32.  Boston  : 
James  H.  West  Co.  40  cts. 

Fortune  Hunters  of  the  Philippines  ;  or,  The  Treasure 
of  the  Burning  Mountain.  By  Louis  Charles.  Illus., 
12mo,  pp.  214.  New  York :  Mershon  Co.  50  cts. 
Responsibility:  A  Talk  with  Girls.  By  Rev.  E.  E. 
Holmes.  24mo,  pp.  36.  Milwaukee :  Young  Churchman 
Co.  25  cts. 


EDUCATION. -BOOKS  FOB  SCHOOL  AND 
COLLEGE. 

Thinking  and  Learning  to  Think.  By  Nathan  C.  Schaef- 
fer,  Ph.D.  12mo,  pp.  351.  "  Lippincott's  Educational 
Series."  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Botany  :  An  Elementary  Text  for  Schools.  By  L.  H. 
Bailey.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  356.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.10  net. 

A  Second  Manual  of  Composition,  for  Secondary  Schools. 
By  Edwin  Herbert  Lewis,  Ph.D.  12mo,  pp.  579.  Mac- 
millan Co.  90  cts.  net. 

Inductive  Lessons  in  Rhetoric.  By  Frances  W.  Lewis. 
12mo,  pp.  308.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co,  90  cts.  net. 

An  Elementary  Treatise  on  Qualitative  Chemical 
Analysis.  By  J.  F.  Sellers,  A.M.  12mo,  pp.  160.  Ginn 
&  Co.  80  cts.  net. 

Source- Book  of  English  History.  Edited  by  Elizabeth 
Kimball  Kendall,  M.A.  12mo,  pp.  483.  Macmillan  Co. 
80  cts.  net. 

One  Thousand  Problems  in  Physics.  By  William  H. 
Snyder,  A.M.,  and  Irving  O.  Palmer,  A.M.  12mo, 
pp.  141.  Ginn  &  Co.  55  cts.  net. 

Elements  of  Spoken  French.  By  Maurice  N.  Kuhn. 
12mo,  pp.  88.  American  Book  Co.  50  cts. 

Studies  in  Plant  Life.  By  Herman  S.  Pepoon,  Walter  R. 
Mitchell,  and  Fred.  B.  Maxwell.  12mo,  pp.  95.  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

Heath's  Home  and  School  Classics.  New  vols. :  The 
Wonderful  Chair,  by  Frances  Brown,  edited  by  M.  V. 
O'Shea,  Part  II.,  10  cts. ;  Ruskin's  King  of  the  Golden 
River,  edited  by  M.  V.  O'Shea,  10  cts. ;  Gulliver's  Trav- 
els, edited  by  Thomas  M.  Balliet,  in  2  parts,  each  15  cts. ; 
Mrs.  Ewing's  The  Story  of  a  Short  Life,  edited  by  Thomas 
M.  Balliet,  10  cts. ;  Lamb's  The  Adventures  of  Ulysses, 
edited  by  Prof.  W.  P.  Trent,  15  cts. ;  Eyes  and  No  Eyes, 
and  Other  Stories,  by  various  authors,  edited  by  M.  V. 
O'Shea,  10  cts. ;  Six  Nursery  Classics,  edited  by  M.  V. 
O'Shea,  10  cts.  Each  illus.,  12mo.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 
Paper. 

Lamartine's  Graziella.  Edited  by  F.  M.  Warren.  With 
portraits,  16mo,  pp.  165.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  35c.  net. 

MISCELLANEO  US. 
Report  on  the  Census  of  Cuba,  1899.    Illus.,  large  8vo, 

pp.  876.    Washington :  Government  Printing  Office. 
Famous  Trials  of  the  Century.    By  J.  B.  Atlay,  M.A. 

lllns.,    12mo,    uncut,    pp.    393.      H.    S.    Stone    &    Co. 

81.75. 
The  Biography  of  a  Baby.    By  Milicent  Washburn  Shinn. 

12rao,  gilt  top,  pp.  247.    Hough  ton,  Miffl  in  &  Co.    81.50. 
The  Men  of  the  Merchant  Service  :    Being  the  Polity 

of  the  Mercantile  Marine  for  'Longshore  Readers.    By 

Frank  T.  Bullen,  F.R.G.S.    12mo,  pp.  331.    F.  A.  Stokes 

Co.    $1.50. 
A  Captive   of  War.    By  Solon    Hyde.    12mo,   pp.   389. 

McClure,  Phillips  &  Co.     $1. 

Winsome  Womanhood :  Familiar  Talks  on  Life  and  Con- 
duct. By  Margaret  E.  Sangster.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top, 

uncut,  pp.  260.    F.  H.  Revell  Co.    $1.25. 
Comfort  and  Exercise:  An  Essay  toward  Normal  Conduct. 

By  Mary  Perry  King.    12mo,  uncut,  pp.   138.    Small, 

Maynard  &  Co.    $1. 
How  to  Succeed.    By  Austin  Bierbower.    16mo,  pp.  225. 

R.  F.  Fenno  &  Co.    $1. 
On  Sanitary  and  Other  Matters.    By  George  S.  Keith, 

M.D.    12mo,  uncut,  pp.  126.    Macmillan  Co.    $1. 
Power  through  Repose.    By  Annie  Payson  Call.    New 

edition,  with  additions ;  16mo,  pp.  201.    Little,  Brown,  & 

Co.    $1. 
Plain  Instructions  in  Hypnotism  and  Mesmerism.     By 

A.  E.  Carpenter.     With  portrait,  16mo,  pp.  112.    Lee  & 

Shepard.    75  cts. 
365  Desserts.   By  various  authors.    18mo,  pp.  182.    George 

W.  Jacobs  &  Co.    50  cts. 

Suggestion  instead  of  Medicine.    By  Charles  M.  Bar- 
rows.   18mo,  pp.  88.     Boston  :  Privately  printed. 
Maude  Adams   in   "L'Aiglon":    A   Pictorial  Souvenir. 

Large  4to.    R.  H.  Russell.    Paper,  25  cts. 
John  Drew  in  "  Richard  Carvel,"  as  Produced  at  the  Em- 
pire Theatre,  New  York.    Large  4to.    R.  H.  Russell. 

Paper.    25  cts. 
Annie  Russell  in  "  A  Royal  Family,"  as  Produced  at  the 

Lyceum  Theatre,  New  York.    Large  4to.   R.  H.  Russell. 

Paper,  '25  cts. 


1900.] 


THE    DIAL 


513 


AN   INDEX  OF  ADVERTISERS 

Appearing  in  THE  DIAL'S   Holiday  Issues, 
DECEMBER  l  AND  16,  1900. 


PAGE 


NEW  YORK  CITY. 

Charles  Scribner's  Sons 

378,  379.  380,  381,  382,  383,  384,  385,  462,  469 

D.  Appleton  &  Company       .     .        400,  401,  402,  403 

Harper  &  Brothers 377,   470,  471 

Macmillan  Company 407,  484 

Thomas  Y.  Crowell  &  Company    .     .      386,   387,  474 

G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons 391,  460,  483 

Dodd,  Mead  &  Company 450,  458 

Longmans,  Green,  &  Company 390 

Thomas  Nelson  &  Sons 454>  475 

A.  Wessels  Company         4°4>   4°5>  479 

Frederick  A.  Stokes  Company 452>  453 

Baker  &  Taylor  Company     .      .      394,    463,  476,  516 

Doubleday,  Page  &  Company     .     .     .457,  480,  515 

John  Lane 446,  477 

McClure,  Phillips  &  Company 451,  478 

Oxford  University  Press 393 

E.  P.  Dutton  &  Company 395 

Cassell  &  Company,  Ltd 408 

Brentano's 458,  482 

Silver,  Burdett  &  Company 446,  481 

New  Amsterdam  Book  Company   ....    445,  483 

E.  &  J.  B.  Young  &  Company 445 

R.  H.  Russell 464,  516 

A.  S.  Barnes  &  Company 459,  482 

F.  M.  Lupton  Publishing  Company 459 

G.  W.  Dillingham  Company 444 

The  Book  Buyer 462 

Review  of  Reviews  Company 461 

World's  Work 480 

The  Critic  Company 460 

Lemcke  &  Buechner 443 

M.  F.  Mansfield 464,  514 

William  R.  Jenkins 464,  516 

•Cooke  &  Fry  * 463,  516 

Abbey  Press 464,  516 

Bonnell,  Silver  &  Company 442 

Dodge  Publishing  Company 464,  515 

Home  Publishing  Company  ........  464 

New  Talmud  Publishing  Company       .     .     .    464,  516 

F.  E.  Grant 463,  516 

E.  W.  Johnson 516 

New  York  Bureau  of  Revision 464,  515 

United  Literary  Press 464 

John  Russell  Davidson 464,  515 

Fitzroy  D'Arcy  &  John  M.  Leahy       .     .     .    464,  515 

Henry  Arden 465,  514 

Liebig  Company 442 

PHILADELPHIA. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Company      .      .         396,  397,  398,   399 

Henry  T.  Coates  &  Company 472,   473 

L.  C.  Boname 464,   516 

William  J.  Campbell 4<>4>   5l6 

S.  Burns  Weston 442 


BOSTON. 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Company  .     .     .    449,  459,   481 

Dana  Estes  &  Company 388,   389 

Little,  Brown,  &  Company 447 

Small,  Maynard  &  Company 520 

Charles 'E.  Lauriat  Company 462,  517 

Forbes  &  Company 463 

A.  W.  Elson  &  Company     ........  442 

Bradlee  Whidden 444 

Directors  of  Old  South  Work 464 

Cambridgeport  Diary  Company 465 

Living  Age  Company 460,    517 

Good  Cheer 463 

Authors'  Agency  (Win.  A.  Dresser)       ....  442 

Benj.  H.  Sanborn  &  Company 464,   516 

F.H.Williams        464,   515 

CHICAGO. 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Company 455 

Fleming  H.  Revell  Company 406 

Rand,  McNally  &  Company 392 

American  Book  Company 468 

Laird  &  Lee 456 

George  M.  Hill  Company 459 

Brentano's 463,   515,  517 

Western  Methodist  Book  Concern       .....  444 

The  Pilgrim  Press        462 

Brush  &  Pencil  Publishing  Company  .     .     .    443,  514 

Williams,  Barker  &  Severn  Company 442 

F.  M.  Morris 463,  516 

Anna  Morgan  Studio        465 

Herbert  A.  Coffeen 465 

A.  A.  Devore  &  Son 465 

Nicoll  the  Tailor 4^5,  515 

Studebaker  Brothers  Company   .     .     .     ..    467,  519 

Chicago  Electrotype  Company 465 

Chicago  Telephone  Company 465,  518 

The  Fine  Arts  Building 466,  518 

The  Studebaker 466,  518 

Chicago  Orchestra 466*  518 

Big  Four  Route 466,  518 

Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway 466 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Albert  Brandt,  Trenton,  N.  J.  .  .  .  443,  483,  514 
American  Press  Company,  Baltimore,  Md.  .  463,  516 

John  S.  Bridges  &  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md 516 

Robert  Clarke  Company,  Cincinnati,  0 448 

Queen  &  Crescent  Route,  Cincinnati,  O.       .    466,   518 

H.  H.  Timby,  Conneaut,  0 463,   516 

Dudley  Phelps,  Evanston,  111 482 

John  W.  Cadby,  Albany,  N.  Y 463,   516 

Colonial  Literary  Association,  E.  Orange,  N.J.  464,  515 
Travelers  Insurance  Company,  Hartford,  Conn.  .  465 
Union  Fence  Company,  DeKalb,  111.  .  .  465,  516 
Walter  T.  Spencer,  London,  England  ....  464 
Baker's  Great  Book  Shop,  Birmingham,  Eng.  464,  ^15 


514 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


In  NATURE'S 
REALM 

By   DR.   CHARLES   C.   ABBOTT, 

Author  of  "Upland  and  Meadoiv,'1''  "Notes 
of  the  Night,"  "Outings  at  Odd  Times,"  etc. 
ILLUSTRATED  BY  OLIVER  KEMP. 
With  a  photogravure  frontispiece  and  ninety  drawings, 
8vo,  hand-sewed,  broad  margins,  extra  superfine,  dull- 
surfaced,  pure  cotton-fibre  paper,  deckle  edges,  gilt  top, 
and  picture-cover  in  three  tints  and  gold  ;  309  pp.,  fully 
indexed.      Price,  #2.50  NET. 

PRESS  NOTICES. 

He  writes  delightfully.— Courant  (Hartford). 

An  artistic  work.  .  .  .  Delightful  .  .  .  instructive. —  Constitution 
(Atlanta). 

A  book  to  be  treasured.  Serenely  philosophical,  keenly  observ- 
ant, intellectually  suggestive,  the  placid  marshalling  of  the  less 
obvious  facts  of  nature,  with  their  gentle  spiritual  interpretation  from 
Dr.  Abbott's  pen  to  make  us  all  human  together,  is  a  real  triumph  of 
literature. — The  Dial  (Chicago). 

It  is  a  delight  equally  bo  the  outward  eye  and  "  that  inward  eye 
which  is  the  bliss  of  solitude. "—  Herald  (Taunton). 

The  great  thing  about  his  essays  and  sketches  on  his  rambling 
excursions  is  their  unfailing  charm. —  Herald  (Boston). 

He  is  in  close  touch  with  Nature.  He  is  acquainted  with  her  varying 
moods.—  Spy  (Worcester). 

A  beautiful  book  that  will  delight  every  lover  of  Nature  in  its  quiet 
haunts.  .  .  .  The  book  is  an  educator  in  its  best  meaning  to  old  and 
young  alike. —  Inter  Ocean  (Chicago). 

Dr.  Abbott  has  long  held  an  honored  place  among  the  few  true 
lovers  of  nature  whom  she  has  blessed  with  the  gift  of  telling  to  others 
the  secrets  she  betrays  only  to  her  votaries,  the  delights  she  gives 
freely  to  those  who  will  search  for  them  diligently,  with  eyes  to  see 
and  ears  to  hear.  .  .  .  These  studies  gain  by  a  second  reading,  and  a 
third,  as  does  their  reader.  The  illustrator  must  be  in  close  touch 
with  Nature  himself;  he  certainly  is  with  his  author,  the  charm  of 
whose  text  he  interprets  with  rare  felicity.— Mail  and  Express  (N.Y.) 

Not  long  ago,  in  reviewing  Mr.  Wishart's  important  history  of 
"  Monks  and  Monasteries,"  The  Times  had  occasion  to  speak  of  the 
dignified  form  which  had  been  Riven  to  the  book  by  a  new  publisher, 
Albert  Brandt,  of  Trenton.  Prom  the  Brandt  press  we  have  now 
another  noteworthy  volume,  presenting  the  work  of  a  familiar  author, 
but  presenting  it  with  a  richness  of  external  form  it  has  not  had 
before.  This  is  "  In  Nature's  Kealm,"  by  Dr.  Charles  C.  Abbott.  All 
readers  are  familiar  with  Dr.  Abbott's  sympathetic  nature  studies. 
He  is  one  of  those  men,  like  White  of  Selborne,  who  do  not  need  to 
go  far  afield  to  find  matter  to  interest  them ;  to  whom  the  woods  and 
meadows,  the  streams  and  the  skies  of  their  own  vicinage  are  unfailing 
sources  of  delight ;  who  know  the  signs  of  the  seasons  and  their  myriad 
manipulations  of  animal  and  vegetable  life,  and  who  can  describe 
what  they  see,  not  merely  with  scientific  accuracy,  but  with  poetic 
appreciation.  .  .  .  The  dainty  vignettes  and  marginal  illustrations 
which  decorate  the  fine  broad  pages  are  the  work  of  Oliver  Kemp,  who 
is  to  be  credited  also  with  the  fascinating  cover  design.  .  .  .  Mr.  Brandt 
has  presented  his  neighbor's  work  in  a  form  of  which  it  is  altogether 
worthy,  and  has  made  a  book  that  will  attract  attention  by  its  beauty. 
—Times  (Philadelphia), 


A     SHORT     HISTORY     OF 

MONKS 

&  MONASTERIES 

By  ALFRED  WESLEY  WISHART, 

Sometime  Fellow  in  Church  History  in  The  University  of 
Chicago.  With  four  photogravures,  8vo,  hand-sewed,, 
laid-antique  pure  cotton-fibre  paper,  broad  margins,, 
deckle  edges,  gilt  top,  454  pages,  fully  indexed.  Price, 
$3.50  NET. 

PRESS  NOTICES. 

Remarkably  comprehensive  and  accurate,  and,  best  of  all,  interest- 
ing.—  Home  Journal  (New  York). 

Fascinating. — Newi  Tribune  (Detroit). 

Splendid. — Sunday  Herald  (Rochester). 

A  narrative  of  absorbing  interest.—  Argonaut  (San  Francisco). 

Will  not  fail  to  attract  wide  attention  and  interest. —  Mail  and 
Empire  (Toronto). 

When  James  Anthony  Froude  undertook  to  write  the  History  of 
the  Saints  he  encountered  the  same  obstacles  that  Alfred  Wesley 
Wishart  met  in  writing  his  excellent  work,  "Monks  and  Monasteries."' 
There  were  unlimited  materials  from  which  to  draw,  but  without  suf- 
ficient authenticity  to  justify  the  record  to  be  made  up  from  them. 
The  late  professor  of  history  at  Oxford  gave  up  the  task  as  a  vain  one, 
but  Mr.  Wishart  has  pursued  his  to  a  successful  conclusion,  and  hav- 
ing winnowed  the  grain  from  its  disproportionate  quantity  of  chaff, 
presents  us  with  a  volume  for  which  students  and  general  readers 
must  alike  feel  grateful.  He  has  sifted  his  authorities  so  carefully 
that  the  book  has  the  stamp  of  truth  in  every  statement  placed  there, 
however  so  deftly,  that  the  literary  grace  of  the  work  is  fully  and 
delightfully  preserved.  Scholarly  without  being  pedantic,  earnest 
and  careful  without  showing  either  prejudice  or  partisanship,  he 
sweeps  the  great  field  which  his  title  includes,  with  a  strength  and 
evenness  that  give  the  book  the  hall-mark  of  sterling  worth.  His  con- 
clusions are  drawn  upon  no  hypothetical  grounds,  and  if  modestly  pre- 
sented do  not  lack  the  convincing  qualities  which  Mr.  Wishart  so- 
plainly  sees  and  so  effectively  puts  into  view. — Times  (Philadelphia). 

A  valuable  contribution  to  the  voluminous  historical  literature  of 
the  Catholic  church.— Picayune  (New  Orleans). 

It  emphatically  ought  to  take  rank  among  the  favorite  volumes  in 
the  libraries  of  students  of  the  middle  ages.—  North  American 
(Philadelphia). 

The  author  has  performed  his  gigantic  task  ably,  .  .  .  admirably, 
showing  the  true  balance  and  the  attractive  impartiality  of  the  true- 
historian. —  Journal  (Boston). 

Thoroughly  interesting  and  thoroughly  trustworthy.  .  .  .  We 
heartily  commend  the  work. — McMaster  University  Monthly  (Toronto), 

A  work  of  equal  erudition  and  elegance.— Tribune  (Chicago). 

A  captivating  theme.  ...  A  well-told  tale.  .  .  .  Vivid  and  clear. 
.  .  .  The  writer  is  to  be  praised  for  the  impartial  spirit  he  exhibits.  .  .  . 
The  volume  proclaims  the  student  qualities  of  the  author.  His  schol- 
arship is  lighted  up  with  a  clear  and  discriminating  literary  style.— 
Times  (New  York). 

Comprehensive  and  scholarly  .  .  .  direct  and  lucid. —  Express 
(Buffalo). 


To  be  had  of  all  booksellers,  or  sent  carriage  free,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

ALBERT   BRANDT,  Publisher,  TRENTON,  N.J. 


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BRUSH  AND  PENCIL  does  not  cater  to  amateurs,  but  aims  to- 
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THE  LIVING  AGE  began,  in  its  issue  for  November  17,  and  continued  for  four  successive  numbers,  a  thrilling:  account 
of  "The  Siege  of  the  Legations,"  written  by  Dr.  Morrison,  the  well-known  correspondent  of  the  London  Times,  at 
Peking.  This  narrative  is  of  absorbing  interest  in  its  descriptions  of  the  daily  life  of  the  besieged  legationers,  and  it  is  note- 
worthy also  as  containing  some  disclosures  relating  to  the  inside  history  of  what  went  on  at  Peking  in  those  stirring  days, 
which  are  altogether  new  and  of  the  utmost  importance.  The  unusual  length  of  Dr.  Morrison's  narrative  has  precluded  and 
probably  will  preclude  any  other  publication  of  it  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  In  England  it  has  attracted  wide 
notice. 

Published  WEEKLY  at  $6.00  a  year,  postpaid.     Single  numbers,  15  cents  each. 

MOMTHQ       Until  the  edition  is  exhausted,  there  will  be  sent  to 
mum  1  IIP.     each  new  sub8Criber  for  1901>  on  reque8t,  the  num. 

bers  of  THE  LIVING  AGE  from  October  1  to  December  31,  1900.  These  numbers  contain  The  Siege 
of  the  Legations,  as  above,  Heinrich  Seidel's  attractive  serial,  The  Treasure,  and  the  opening  chapters  of 
A  Parisian  Household,  by  Paul  Bourget.  These  serials  are  copyrighted  by  THE  LIVING  AGE,  and 
will  appear  only  in  this  magazine. 

i>.  o.  BOX  5206.  Address   THE   LIVING  AGE  COMPANY,  Boston. 


518 


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[Dec.  16, 


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The   Beacon   and  Westminster   Biographies 


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Stephen  Decatur    .    , 
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Cloth,  decorative $1.00 

THE  FUTURE  OF  THE  AMERICAN 
NEGRO.  By  BOOKER  T.  WASHINGTON. 
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GEORGIE.  By  8.  E.  KISER.  The  most 
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VAGARIES.  By  FLORENCE  BROOKS  EMER- 
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BY-WAYS  OF  WAR.  By  JAMES  JEFFREY 
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volume,  "The  Crisis  in  Morals."  Cloth, 
paper  label $1.25 


"THE  NOTABLE  NOVEL  OF  A  NOTABLE  SEASON." 

VISITING  THE  SIN. 

A  Tale  of  Mountain  Life  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  by  Emma 
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inches.    448  pages $1.50 

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passionate  life  — life  that  beats  and  throbs  with  primal  passions. 

The  reader  begins  to  ...  realize  that  he  has  found  a  real  book  full 

of  real  people." 


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QUICKSAND. 

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decorative.     328  pages $1.50 

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ences "  :  "  It  resembles  strongly  the  work  of  the  best  Russian  nove- 
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"QUICKSAND"  SURPASSES  "DIFFERENCES." 


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